5.

, , , .

:
-

:
-

:
-

.
:
-

(
)

, .
,
. O 3/
3%.


Y/H

0.001

0.020

0.004

0.060

0.010

0.020

0.020

0.040

Pa i = Pva i Ka i 2 ci Ka i
Pva i = P + i h i kN / m 2
1 sin i

Ka i =
= tg 2 (45o i )
1 + sin i
2

( )
()
.

Pp i = Pvpi Kp i + 2 ci Kpi
Pvpi = P + i h i kN / m 2
1
1 + sin i

Kpi =
=
= tg 2 (45o + i )
Ka i 1 sin i
2



.
h,
b-b.
(h1 + h 2 + h) w = h1 w + h 2 z
'v = h 2 ' h w = 0
h2 ' = h w
h
'
= i cr =
h2
w

Fs=3 5.
i w =

'
Fs

L
L1
L 2
i
H
Pws
Pwu

: .