Production and Productivity: Production: Volume of quantity of output It represents results of manufacturing activity after adding value to the

e material. It is usually tangible form with positive economic value. Productivity: Its a ratio of output to input. It is interpreted as the production per unit of input resources expended to achieve the production.
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2. Productivity and Profitability: Profitability is a measure of business, or productivity. These are interlinked and the rise or fall in one leads to rise or fall in the other. Profitability is a function of: status of demand and supply, value of output, and input costs. Profit is not solely a result of increased production efficiency. It can be increased by deferring expenses of maintenance, advertising, training and development, managing inventories, proper allocation of resources.

3. Productivity and Quality: Quality is specific dimension of productivity Quality is the degree to which a product or service conforms to a set of predetermined standards related to char. that determine its value in market place. A successful organization has a winning combination of productivity and quality.

4. Productivity and Technology: Technical factors contributing to productivity are product design, quality of materials, process technology, plant and job layout, product mix, maintenance and repair, work study, integration of production processes. Technological factors have direct and indirect contribution through labour.

External Environment and Productivity: Management styles, Cultural issues, business issues, govt. policies, social and economic factors, statutory laws affects the performance of the organizations.