Slide1:Gii thiu Biodiesel

Biodiesel cn c gi Diesel sinh hc l mt loi nhin liu c tnh cht ging vi du diesel nhng khng phi c sn xut t du m m t du thc vt hay m ng vt. Bn cht ca Biodiesel l sn phm Ester ha gia methanol hoc ethanol v acid bo t do trong du t* Nu i t du cy u nnh (soybean) v Methanol th ta thu c SME (soy methyl Esters). y l loi Esters thng dng nht c s dng ti M. * Nu i t du cy u nnh (soybean) v Methanol th ta thu c SME (soy methyl Esters). y l loi Esters thng dng nht c s dng ti M. * Nu i t du cy ci du (rapeseed) v Methanol th ta thu c RME (rapeseed methyl Esters). y l loi Esters thng dng nht c s dng chu u. Theo tiu chun ASTM th Biodiesel c nh ngha: l cc mono alkyl Ester ca cc acid mch di c ngun gc t cc lipit c th ti to li nh:du thc vt, m ng vt, c s dng lm nhin liu cho ng c diesel. Slide2:Lch s hnh thnh Biodiesel bt u c sn xut khong gia nm 1800, trong thi im ngi ta chuyn ha du thc vt thu Glycerol ng dng lm x phng v thu c cc ph phm l methyl hoc ethyl Ester gi chung l biodiessel. 11900 ti Hi ch th gii t chc ti Pari, Diesel biu din ng c dng du Biodiesel ch bin t du Phng (lc). 0/08/1893 ln u tin Rudolf Diesel s dng Biodiesel do ng sng ch chy my Trong nhng nm ca thp k 90, Php trin khai sn xut Biodiesel t du ht ci. V c dng dng B5 (5% Biodiesel vi 95% Diesel) v B30 (30% Biodiesel trn vi 70% Diesel).

Slide3: u nhc im u im. V mt mi trng. Gim lng pht thi kh CO2, do gim c lng kh thi gy ra hiu ng nh knh. Khng c hoc cha rt t cc hp cht ca lu hunh (<0,001% so vi n 0,2% trong du Diesel) Hm lng cc hp cht khc trong khi thi nh: CO, SOX, HC cha chy, b hng gim i ng k nn c li rt ln n mi trng v sc kho con ngi. Khng cha HC thm nn khng gy ung th. C kh nng t phn hu v khng c (phn hu nhanh hn Diesel 4 ln, phn hu t 85 88% trong nc sau 28 ngy). Gim nhim mi trng nc v t. Gim s tiu dng cc sn phm du m.

V mt k thut C ch s cetan cao hn Diesel.

Biodisel rt linh ng c th trn vi diesel theo bt k t l no. Biodiesel c im chp chy cao hn diesel, t chy hon ton, an tontrong tn cha v s dng. Biodiesel c tnh bi trn tt. Ngy nay hn ch lng SOx thi ra khng kh, ngi ta hn ch ti a lng S trong du Diesel. Nhng chnh nhng hp cht lu hunh li l nhng tc nhn gim ma st ca du Diesel. Do vy du Diesel c tnh bi trn khng tt v i hi vic s dng thm cc cht ph gia tng tnh bi trn. Trong thnh phn ca Biodiesel c cha Oxi. Cng ging nh S, O c tc dng gim ma st. Cho nn Biodiesel c tnh bi trn tt. Do c tnh nng tng t nh du Diesel nn nhn chung khi s dng khng cn ci thin bt k chi tit no ca ng c (ring i vi cc h thng ng dn, bn cha lm bng nha ta phi thay bng vt liu kim loi)

V mt kinh t. S dng nhin liu Biodiesel ngoi vn gii quyt nhim mi trng n cn thc y ngnh nng nghip pht trin, tn dng tim nng sn c ca ngnh nng nghip nh du ph thi, m ng vt, cc loi du khc t c gi tr s dng trong thc phm. ng thi a dng ho nn nng nghip va tng thu nhp vng min nng thn. Hn ch nhp khu nhin liu Diesel, gp phn tit kim cho quc gia mt khong ngoi t ln.

Nhc im

Biodiesel c nhit ng c cao hn Diesel mt t gy kh khn cho cc nc c nhit vo ma ng thp. Tuy nhin i vi cc nc nhit i, nh Vit Nam chng hn th nh hng ny khng ng k. Biodisel c nhit tr thp hn so vi diesel. Tr ngi ln nht ca vic thng mi Biodiesel trc y l chi ph sn sut cao. Do lm cho gi thnh Biodiesel kh cao, nhng vi s leo thang gi c nhiu liu nh hin nay th vn ny khng cn l ro cn na. Hin nay Biodiesel thng c sn xut ch yu l theo m. y l iu bt li v nng sut thp, kh n nh c cht lng sn phm cng nh cc iu kin ca qu trnh phn ng. Mt phng php c th trnh hoc ti thiu kh khn ny l s dng qu trnh sn xut lin tc. trnh cng ngh v thit b Slide: CC NGUN NGUYN LIU V XU HNG SN XUT BIODIESEL CC NC TRN
TH GII.

Trn thc t, ngi ta v ang nghin cu gn nh tt c nhng ngun du, m c th s dng sn xut Biodiesel. Vic la chn loi du thc vt hoc m ng vt no ph thuc vo ngun ti nguyn sn c v iu kin kh hu c th ca tng vng. Vi iu kin chu u th cy ci du vi lng du t 40% n 50% l cy thch hp dng lm nguyn liu sn xut diesel sinh hc. Trung Quc ngi ta s dng cy cao lng v ma sn xut Biodiesel M cng vn dng cng ngh sinh hc hin i nh nghin cu gien thc hin ti phng th nghim nng lng ti sinh quc gia to c mt ging to mi c hm lng du trn 60%, mt mu c th sn xut c trn 2 tn du diesel sinh hc Cc nc Tiu Vng quc rp Thng Nht th s dng du jojoba, mt loi du c s dng ph bin trong m phm sn xut Biodiesel. Thi Lan,Indonesia hin s dng du c v ang th nghim ht cy jatropha

VN ang nghin cu sn xut Biodiesel t m ng vt nh m cc loi c da trn ( c basa ...) v nhin liu thc vt nh to bin Slide:Sn xut sn xut diesel sinh hc ngi ta pha khong 10% mtanol vo du thc vt v dng nhiu cht xc tc khc nhau (c bit l hirxt kali, hirxt natri v cc ancolat). p sut thng thng v nhit vo khong 60C lin kt este ca glyxrin trong du thc vt b ph hy v cc axt bo s c este ha vi mtanol. Cht glyxrin hnh thnh phi c tch ra khi du diesel sinh hc sau y. Thng qua vic chuyn i este ny du diesel sinh hc c nht t hn du thc vt rt nhiu v c th c dng lm nhin liu thay th cho du diesel m khng cn phi ci bin ng c ph hp. Bn cnh cn c mthyl este t m nhng ch c nhng sn phm hon ton t du thc vt l c dng trong cc loi xe diesel hin i, khi c cc nh sn xut cho php.

Cng on 1: M v du sau khi loi nc Cng on 2: Huyn ph sau khi trn methanol Cng on 3: Kt thc qu trnh acid ha Cng on 4: M tan chy hon ton Cng on 5: Huyn ph sau khi trn methanoxide Cng on 6: Giai on 1 phn ng to glycerol lp y v methyl ester Cng on 7: Giai on 2 phn ng to glycerol lp y v methyl ester Cng on 8: Hon Tt phn ng lng glycerol lng hon ton di lp y

Slide Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng trn th gii