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LI GII THIU . 3
PHN I. GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TY 4
PHN II. TNG QUAN V MNG IN THOI GSM ..17
CHNG I: CC TH H THNG TIN DI NG NI CHUNG ...17
1.1. Lch s pht trin thng tin di ng .17
1.2. Mt s h thng thng tin di ng ...20
1.2.1. Thng tin di ng th h I 20
1.2.2. H thng thng tin di ng th h II
21
1.2.3. H thng thng tin di ng th h III..22
1.3. Mt s loi hnh thng tin di ng22
1.3.1. in thoi ko
di...22
1.3.2. Thng tin di ng ng st.23
1.3.3. My nhn tin ...23
1.3.4. Thng tin di ng hng hi ..23
1.3.5. Thng tin di ng hng khng .24
CHNG II: MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM.25
2.1. c im ca mng GSM 25
2.2. Cu trc h thng v a l ca mng GSM .27
2.2.1. Cu trc h thng
...27
2.2.2. Trung tm khai thc v bo dng mng...............................29
2.2.3. Thit b h tr
AUX.30
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Bo co thc tp
2.2.4. Qun l thit b di ng
EIR..30
2.2.5. Trm di ng MS.30
2.2.6. Trm thu pht gc
BTS...31
2.2.7. B iu khin trm gc
BSC..31
2.2.8 .Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng MSC..31
2.2.9. Cng MSC GMSC
32
2.2.10. B ghi nh v thng tr HLR...32
2.2.11. B ghi nh v tm tr
VLR..32
2.3. Cu hnh a l ca mng GSM.33
2.4. V tuyn trong mng di ng.34
2.5. K thut trong thng tin di ng ...41
2.5.1. K thut TDMA41
2.5.2. K thut GSM
..42
2.5.3. K thut CDMA
42
2.5.4. Tri ph 43
2.5.5. iu ch QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
45
PHN III. TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
TH H 3..47
1.1. Yu cu chung i vi mt h thng thng tin di ng th h 3..47
1.1.1. S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz 47
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Bo co thc tp
1.1.2. HTD ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn ....47
1.1.3. S dng cc mi trng khai thc khc nhau ..47
1.1.4. C th h tr cc dch v nh .47
1.1.5. D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin 48
1.2. Gii thiu v h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 (3G)48
KT LUN CHUNG52
LI GII THIU
S ra i ca in thoi di ng t bo vo nhng nm 1980 m ra
mt vin cnh ht sc sng sa cng vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa
hc k thut cng ngh thng tin nh du mt bc nhy vt trong
thng tin lin lc.
Thng tin di dng t lu tr thnh mt phng tin hu hin v
thun tin cho ngi s dng trong sut hn hai thp nin qua cc th h:
in thoi di ng th 1 (analog) v th 2 (digital) vi rt nhiu loi h
thng hot ng theo nguyn tc khc nhau c ng gp to ln vo s pht
trin ca loi ngi.
Cc th h tip theo ca thng tin di ng ang c pht trin mnh
m. Vi s ra i ca cc th h th 3 (3G) loi ngi ngy cng tin ti gn
vic bin c m thnh hin thc l tin hnh lin lc bt c u v bt k
lc no.
T nhiu nm tr li y thng tin di ng t bo loi GSM (mt h
thng thng tin s) c trin khai trn phm vi rng vic nghin cu tm
hiu v in thoi di dng do vy l mt vn cn thit v cp nht.
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Bo co thc tp
H thng thng tin di ng t bo s GSM l mt h thng tiu chun
quc t do ITU-T khuyn ngh y l mt h thng c xy dng trn c
s ci tin cc tiu chun giao thc ca ISDN v l h thng c s ha
ton b t thu bao tr i a vo sn xut khai thc k thut trc
c hng trm khuyn ngh ra i gii quyt hng lot cc vn ln
nh.
Trong thi gian hc tp ti Khoa V Tuyn in t Hc vin K Thut
Qun s vi s tn tnh ca ch bo ca cc thy c trong khoa cng vi
nhng kin thc c trau di, em chn ti Khai thc h thng thng
tin 3G tm hiu r hn v h thng tin di ng.
Mi kin thc thu thp c trong qu trnh thc tp em trnh by
tng hp trong bo co ny; nhng v thi gian cn hn hp, kin thc chuyn
mn cn hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong c
s gp ca cc thy c v cc bn b trong khoa.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ch trong Cng ty TNHH Cng
ngh Thin Phc nhit tnh gip em hon thnh Bo co thc tp tt
nghip ny.
PHN I
GII THIU CHUNG V CNG TY
I. GII THIU CNG TY
1. GII THIU CHUNG
2. PHM VI V KINH NGHIM HOT NG SN XUT
KINH DOANH
3. H S PHP L
II. T CHC CNG TY V NNG LC NHN S
1. T CHC CNG TY
2. NNG LC NHN S
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Bo co thc tp
GII THIU
NNG LC KINH NGHIM
I. GII THIU CNG TY
1. GII THIU CHUNG
Tn cng ty : CNG TY TNHH CNG NGH THIN
PHC
Tn giao dich: THIEN PHUC TECHNOLOGY COMPANY
LIMITED
Tn vit tt : TPT CO.,LTD
Ngy thnh lp : 21/09/1999
Tr s chnh : P1407/T5 Khu th mi Trung Ha Nhn Chnh,
Thanh Xun, H Ni
in thoai : (84.4) 3974 4786
Fax : (84.4) 3974 4787
Website : http://www.thienphuc.com.vn
Ti khon : 0571102004008
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Bo co thc tp
Ti : Ngn hng TMCP Qun i Chi nhnh Hon Kim,
H Ni.
Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Thin Phc (Tn vit tt TPTCO.,LTD) c
thnh lp nm 1999 theo quyt inh cua y Ban Nhn Dn thanh ph Ha ni
va S K Hoach u T. Qua hn mi nm xy dng va phat trin Cng ty
THIN PHC a t khng inh c minh va tr thanh mt trong s cac
Cng ty phn phi thit b v tch hp h thng theo d n hng u ti Vit
Nam, co uy tin ln trong va ngoai nc.
THIN PHC cung cp cc sn phm, thit b in, in t, Chng st,
o lng, Vin thng, Tin hc, v cc dch v k thut trong cc lnh vc
An ninh, Quc Phng, Vin thng, Hng khng, Y t v Mi trng. Cng ty
c i ng cc chuyn gia c nhiu kinh nghim trong vic tch hp h thng
v c o to bi cc hng sn xut hng u th gii.
Vi b dy kinh nghim hot ng trong lnh vc phn phi sn phm,
cng ty Cng ngh Thin Phc to cho mnh c mt th phn v ting
ni tt trong lnh vc m mnh kinh doanh. Cng ty chng ti lun st cnh
cng cc i tc ca mnh mang n cho khch hng nhng sn phm mi
nht, a dng v chng loi v hon ho v cht lng.
2. PHM VI V KINH NGHIM HOT NG SN XUT KINH
DOANH
THIN PHC hot ng sn xut kinh doanh hiu qu trong cc lnh vc:
T VN: 11 Nm
1. T vn u t xy dng ( khng bao gm dch v thit k cng trnh);
2. T vn qun l d n u t xy dng ( khng bao gm t vn php
lut v ti chnh);
3. T vn lp d n u t, qun l, x l h thng cc cng trnh trong
lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, chuyn giao cng ngh, khoa hc k thut v
mi trng, nh gi tc ng mi trng;
LP H S, THM NH D N: 11 Nm
4. Lp bo co, d n u t, bo co kinh t k thut, lp tng d ton v
d ton;
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Bo co thc tp
5. Lp h s mi thu, phn tch v nh gi h s mi thu, t chc u
thu;
6. Thm nh d n u t, bo co kinh t k thut, h s k thut, bn
v thi cng, tng d ton v d ton chi tit cng trnh dn dng, cng
nghip, cng trnh bu chnh vin thng;
XY DNG: 11 Nm
7. Xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, thy li, bu chnh vin thng,
dn dng v cng nghip;
8. Gim st thi cng xy dng v hon thin;
9. Tng thu thi cng xy dng ( tng thu EPC);
SN XUT, KINH DOANH, THI CNG, LP T V DCH
V KHOA HC
K THUT: 11 Nm
10.Sn xut, bun bn phn mm tin hc;
11.Sn xut, mua bn trang thit b y t;
12.i l mua, bn, k gi hng ha;
13.Bun bn, lp t thit b vin thng, thy li, bu chnh vin thng,
dn dng v cng nghip;
14.Xut nhp khu cc mt hng Cng ty kinh doanh;
15.Lp t, lp rp, dch v khoa hc k thut trong lnh vc in, in t,
tin hc, chng st v o lng
16.Thi cng v lp t cc thit b cng ngh, thit b c in, in lnh,
thit b thng tin, h thng cp nc sch, thit b chiu sng, cng vin xanh,
phng chy, cha chy;
17.Dch v o kim tra k thut, kim tra cht lng trong lnh vc: vin
thng, mi trng;
18.Dch v cung cp, x l, lu tr ni dung thng tin, d liu trong lnh
vc: th thao, gii tr, kinh t v vn ha x hi;
19.Dch v x l trao i d liu in t (EDI);
20.Mt s ngnh ngh kinh doanh v dch v khc.
Xut pht t cc yu cu ngy cng cao v tnh chuyn nghip i vi cc
ngnh cng nghip, Chung ti lin kt va hp tac vi nhiu cng ty hang
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Bo co thc tp
u trn th gii trong lnh vc vin thng, mi trng, an ninh, quc phng
. cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v trn gi cho cc h thng.
1. H thng chuyn mch (Switching and data communications)
2. H thng chuyn mch cp quang ( Fibre-Optic Transmissions).
3. H thng thng tin v tuyn (Radio Communications VHF, UHF,)
4. H thng theo di v gim st ng c.
5. H thng Thit b thu pht A/V COFDM.
6. H thng gim st an ninh bng hnh nh v th truy cp: ( CCTV and
access control ).
7. H thng thit b hng dn h cnh chnh xc (ILS).
8. H thng quan trc kh tng (AWOS) o v cnh bo cc thng s
thi tit nh gi, nhit , m,. ti kho cng, cm cng, sn bay
9. H thng m thanh cng cng v m thanh hi ngh cho cc trung tm,
to nh ln ( Public Address and intercommunications).
10.H thng chng st ton din.
11.My pht in cng sut ln.
12.Cung cp thit b in t chuyn dng,
3. H S PHP L
Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh.
Giy chng nhn ng k m s thu.
Giy chng nhn ng k m s doanh nghip xut nhp
khu.
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Bo co thc tp
GIY CHNG NHN NG K KINH DOANH
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Bo co thc tp
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Bo co thc tp
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Bo co thc tp
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Bo co thc tp
GIY CHNG NHN NG K M S THU
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Bo co thc tp
GIY CHNG NHN NG K M S DOANH NGHIP
XUT NHP
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Bo co thc tp
II. T CHC CNG TY V NNG LC NHN S
1. T CHC CNG TY
S t chc
Chc nng, nhim v cc phng ban
Ban Gim c : Hoch nh chin lc pht trin ca cng ty, tin hnh
lp cc phng n, chnh sch kinh doanh ngn v di hn, iu hnh, qun l
hot ng kinh doanh nhm t cc mc tiu ca cng ty.
Phng kinh doanh d n : Thc hin hot ng giao dch bn hng, dch
v khch hng, thc hin hp ng, trin khai d n; Ph trch i thi cng
1.
Phng k thut : Nghin cu, pht trin cc sn phm phc v qu trnh
sn xut kinh doanh. Lun i trc, n u mi nhu cu a dng ca khch
hng p ng kp thi. Ph trch i thi cng 2.
Phng xy dng : Trin khai thc hin cc cng trnh d n lin quan n
xy dng. Lun tm ti nghin cu v p dng cc phng php thi cng xy
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BAN GIM C
Phng k
thut
Phng
kinh
doanh d
n
Phng ti
chnh k
ton
Phng
quan h
QT, xut
nhp khu
Phng t
chc hnh
chnh
Phng xy
dng
i thi
cng 2
i thi
cng 3
i thi
cng 1
Bo co thc tp
dng tin tin hin i p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng. Ph
trch i thi cng 3.
Phng quan h quc t, xut nhp khu : thc hin lin h, giao
dch, thit lp cc hp ng vi pha nc ngoi. T chc thc hin cc th
tc lin quan xut nht khu theo ng quy nh.
Phng ti chnh k ton : Thu thp, thng k, phn tch, x l cc s liu
lin quan n hot ng kinh doanh tin hnh thit lp cc bo co, cung
cp cc thng tin n cc b phn c lin quan.
Phng t chc hnh chnh : thc hin cng tc vn th, lu tr, l tn,
i ngoi thng tin tuyn truyn, ni v v lm u mi thng tin phc v cho
hot ng sn xut kinh doanh.
Cc t i thi cng 1, 2, 3 : trc tip trin khai, thc hin cc cng
vic thuc lnh vc chuyn mn, chu s ch o v gim st ca cc phng
d n, k thut v xy dng.
2. NNG LC NHN S
Cng ty THIN PHC c i ng nhn vin vi hn 30 k s, 5 thc s
chuyn su v cng ngh trong cc lnh vc in, in t, tin hc, vin thng,
xy dng, an ninh quc phng, hng khng dn dng, mi trng v y t.
v hn 20 c nhn kinh t, ti chnh cng i ng k thut vin, cng nhn
cht lng cao giu kinh nghim thc tin.
Tng s nhn vin: 115 ngi
Trong :
- Phng kinh doanh d n: 20 ngi
- Phng k thut: 15 ngi
- Phng xy dng 20 ngi
- Phng quan h QT xut nhp khu: 10 ngi
- Phng ti chnh: 05 ngi
- Phng hnh chnh: 05 ngi
- i thi cng 1 ( cng ngh thng tin): 10 ngi
- i thi cng 2 ( in,in t, vin thng):15 ngi
- i thi cng 3 ( xy dng): 15 ngi
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Bo co thc tp
i ng nhn vin ca cng ty c trnh chuyn mn v tnh chuyn
nghip cao, thng xuyn c o to v tham gia tham gia cc kho hc
trong v ngoi nc nh M, Nht, c, Canana, Singapore,.... do chuyn gia
ca cc hng cung cp thit b hng u th gii ging dy, c cp nht cc
thng tin mi nht v cng ngh tin tin ca th gii trong lnh vc hot
ng ; ng thi c th thch v tch lu kinh nghim qua cc d n thc
t ca Cng ty, bo m lm ch c cc cng ngh tin tin nht v ng
dng mt cch c hiu qu cc tin b khoa hc vo cng vic trin khai.
ap ng moi yu cu cua khach hang, THIN PHC con hp tac vi
cc cng tc vin ca cc vin nghin cu va ging vin cac trng ai hoc
ln trong nhiu linh vc.
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Bo co thc tp
PHN II
TNG QUAN V MNG IN THOI DI NG GSM
GII THIU CHUNG
H thng thng tin di ng l h thng truyn thng tin chuyn giao tin
tc di dng ting ni (thoi ) s liu vn bn (fax).vi c im l ngi
s dng dch v thng tin di ng c th lun mang theo thit b u cui bn
mnh khi cn m bo lin lc thng sut khc vi thu bao c nh thu bao
di ng c th gi nhn mi cuc gi bt c ni no trong vng ph sng
ca mng di ng vi mi trng truyn dn gia thu bao v mng di ng
l sng v tuyn.
CHNG I - CC TH H THNG TIN NI CHUNG
1.1. Lch s pht trin ca thng tin di ng:
Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng c bt u bng pht minh
th nghim v sng in t ca Hertz v in bo v tuyn ca Macorni vo
cui th k 19 qua cc th nghim ca cc nh bc hc cho thy l thng tin
v tuyn c th thc hin gia cc my thu v pht xa nhau v di ng vo
thi k ny thng tin v tuyn ch yu s dng m Morse cho n nm 1928
h thng thng tin v tuyn truyn thanh mi c thit lp v c dng
trong ngnh cnh st. n nm 1933 s cnh st Bayone, NewJersey mi
thit lp c mt h thng thoi v tuyn di ng tng i hon chnh u
tin trn th gii sau qun i cng dng thng tin di ng trin khai
chin u c hiu qu. Cc dch v di ng trong i sng nh cnh st, cu
thng, cu ho, hng khng hng hi..cng s dng thng tin di ng
cc hot ng ca mnh c thun li.
Hi cc thit b in thoi di ng rt cng knh nng hng chc kg
y tp m v rt tn ngun do dng cc n in t tiu th ngun ln cng
tc trong di tn thp do s dng bng tn VHF cc thit b ny lin lc c
vi khong cch vi chc dm cht lng thng tin rt km l do c tnh
truyn dn sng v tuyn dn n tn hiu thu c l mt t hp nhiu thnh
phn ca tn hiu c pht i khc nhau c v bin , pha v tr tng
vc t ca cc tn hiu ny lm cho ng bao tn hiu thu c b thng
ging mnh v nhanh khi trm di ng tin hnh mc thu tn hiu thng b
thay i ln v nhanh lm cho cht lng m thoi suy gim trng thy cho
n nhng nm 1950- 1960 cc khi nim t ong cc k thut tri ph iu
ch s v cc cng ngh v tuyn hin i khc c bit n nhng ch
c s dng dng l cc sa i thch ng ca cc h thng iu vn. Cc
h thng in thoi di ng u tin ny t tin li v dung lng thp so vi
cng ngh hin nay.
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Bo co thc tp
Cui cng cc h thng in thoi t ong iu tn song cng s dng k
thut a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (FDMA: Frequency Division
Multiple Access) xut hin vo nhng nm 1980 ngi ta nhn thy
rng cc h thng t ong tng t khng th p ng c nhu cu ngy cng
tng vo th k sau nu khng loi b c cc hn ch c hu ca h thng
ny nh:
- Phn b tn s rt hn ch, dung lng thp.
- Ting n kh chu v nhiu xy ra khi my di ng chuyn dch trong
mi trng pha inh a tia.
- Khng p ng c cc dch v mi hp dn i vi khch hng.
- Khng cho php gim ng k gi thnh ca thit b di ng v c s
h tng.
- Khng m bo tnh b mt ca cc cuc gi.
- Khng tng thch gia cc h thng khc nhau.
Gii php duy nht loi b hn ch trn l phi chuyn i sang s
dng k thut thng tin s cho thng tin di ng cng vi cc k thut a truy
nhp mi.
H thng thng tin di ng s s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo
thi gian (TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access) u tin trn th gii c
ra i Chu u v c tn gi l GSM (Group Special Mobile ). Ban u h
thng ny c gi l (nhm c trch di ng) theo tn gi ca mt nhm
c CEPT (Conference of European Postal and Telecommunication
administrantions).
Hi ngh cc c quan qun l vin thng v bu chnh Chu u c ra
nghin cu tiu chun sau tin cho vic thng mi ho GSM c gi
l H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (GSM : Gobal System for Mobile
Communications) GSM c pht trin t nm 1982 khi cc nc Bc u
gi ngh ti CFPT (Conference of European Postal And
Telecommunications). quy nh mt dch v vin thng chung Chu u
bng tn 900 MHz vo nhng nm 1982- 1985 ngi ta nu ln vic xy dng
mt h thng s hay tng t bng rng hay hp. Nm 1985 h thng s c
quyt nh thng 5 -1986 gii php TDMA bng hp c la chn.
Vi cc gii php trn 13 nc k vo bin bn ghi nh MOU
( Memorandum Of Understanding) thc hin cc ghi nh nh vy m ra
mt th trng di ng c tim nng ln .
Tt c cc hng khai thc k MOU ha s c mt h thng GSM vn hnh
vo ngy 1- 7 -1991 v c mt s nc cng b kt qu ph sng cc vng
rng ln ngay t u trong khi th mt s nc bt u phc v bn trong
v bn ngoi th .
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Bo co thc tp
Vit Nam h thng thng tin di ng s GSM c a vo hot ng
t nm 1993 hin nay ang c cng ty VMS v GPC khai thc rt hiu
qu.
M h thng AMPS (American Mobile Phone System) tng t s
dng phng thc FDMA c trin khai vo nhng nm 1980 nhng cc
th trng di ng chnh nh NewYork, Los angeles, Chicago. Do ngi s
dng ln pht sinh cc vn v dung lng lin hip cng nhip vin
thng TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) c chin lc nng
cao h thng ny thnh h thng s chuyn ti h thng TDMA (Time
Division Multiple Access) v k hiu l IS 95.
Cui nhng nm 1980 vic kho st khch hng cho thy cht lng
ca AMPS (American Mobile Phone System) tt hn h thng IS 95 dn ti
vic cc hng ca M lnh nht vi h thng TDMA. Duy nht ch cn mt
hng l AT&T vn s dng h thng TDMA nhng hng ny pht trin ra
mt phin bn mi gi l IS 136 hay AMPS s: D AMPS ( Digital
American Mobile Phone System)
Khng ging nh IS 95 GSM t c cc thnh cng ny l ch
cc nh pht trin GSM dm thc hin mt hy sinh tm kim cc th
trng Chu u v Chu h khng tng thch giao din v tuyn gia
GSM v AMPS nh vy cc hng Ericsson v Nokia tr thnh cc hng dn
u c s h tng v tuyn v b li sau cc hng Motorola v Lucent.
Vi tnh trng trn to c hi cho cc nh nghin cu M v h tm ra
h thng thng tin di ng s mi l cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo
m CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cng ngh ny s dng k thut
tri ph v c ng dng ch yu trong qun s nm 1985 cng ty thng
tin Qualcom (Qualcom Communications) c thnh lp v pht trin
cng ngh CDMA cho thng tin di ng v nhn c nhiu bng pht
minh trong lnh vc ny. Lc ny cng ngh ny c n nhn mt cch d
dt do quan nim truyn thng v v tuyn l mi cuc thoi i hi mt
knh v tuyn ring n nay cng ngh ny tr thnh cng ngh thng tr
Bc M. Qualcom a ra phin bn CDMA u tin c gi l IS 95
Cc mng CDMA thng mi c a vo khai thc ti Hn Quc,
Hng kng Achentina, Braxin, Chile, Trung Quc, c, Ixraen,
Peru, ....Thi lan mi c th nghim v mi y l Nht Bn.
Vit Nam tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng cng c k hoch th
nghim CDMA, nm 1993 Nht Bn NTT a ra tiu chun thng tin di
ng s u tin ca nc ny l JPD (Japanese Personal Digital Cellular
System) gi l h thng t ong s Nht Bn.
tng dung lng cho cc h thng thng tin di ng tn s ca cc h
thng ny ang c chuyn vng t (800 900) MHz vo vng (1,8-
1,9)MHz.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
20
Bo co thc tp
Mt s nc a vo s dng c hai tn s song song vi s pht trin ca
cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong ni trn cc h thng thng tin di ng
hn ch cho mng ni ht s dng my cm tay khng dy s (digital cordless
phone) cng c nghin cu pht trin hai h thng in hnh cho hai loi
thng tin ny l DECT(Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications)
c gi l Vin thng khng dy s tng cng v h thng PHS (Personal
Handy Phone) gi l h thng my in thoi cm tay c nhn . Cng c
a vo thng mi ho.
Ngoi cc h thng thng tin mt t cc h thng thng tin di ng v
tinh Global star v Iridium cng c a vo thng mi ho trong nm
1980.
Nh vy s kt hp gia cc h thng thng tin di ng ni trn s to ra
mt h thng thng tin c nhn (PCS : Personal Communications System) cho
php mi c nhn c th thng tin mi thi im v bt c ni no h
cn.
1.2. Mt s h thng thng tin di ng:
1.2.1. Thng tin di ng th h I:
Cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong th h mt bao gm :
AMPS : dch v in thoi di ng tin tin.
NAMPS : AMPS bng hp.
TACS : H thng truy nhp ton b.
ETACS : TACS m rng .
NMT450 : H thng in thoi di ng bc u s dng bng tn 450
MHz.
NMT900 : H thng in thoai di ng bc u s dng bng tn
900MHz.
NMT : H thng do NNT pht trin.
H thng thng tin di ng th h ny t tin li, dung lng thp. Cc
h thng thng tin di ng th h I s dng k tht a truy nhp phn chia
theo tn s xut hin vo nhng nm 1980. Nhng do nhu cu ca ngi s
dng tng th h thng ny khng p ng c nhu cu ca ngi s dng
vi mt s l do sau:
* Do phn b tn s hn ch, dung lng mng thp .
* Hin tng ting n gy kh chu v nhiu xy ra khi my di ng
trong mi trng pha inh a tia.
* Khng p ng c cc dch v mi hp dn khch hng.
* Chi ph cho cc dch v cao v thit b lp t tn km.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
21
Bo co thc tp
* Khng m bo tnh an ton thng tin.
* Tnh tng thch gia cc h thng rt km.
loi b c nhng hn ch trn cn phi chuyn sang s dng k
thut thng tin s cho di ng.
1.2.2. H thng thng tin di ng th h II:
H thng thng tin di ng t ong th h th II bao gm :
- IS- 54B TDMA.
- IS 136 TDMA.
- IS 95 CDMA.
- GSM H thng thng tin di ng ton cu.
- PCM Mng thng tin c nhn.
- CT- 2 in thoi khng dy.
- DECT Vin thng khng dy s tin tin.
- PDC H thng t ong c nhn.
- Thng tin di ng th h II s dng 2 cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia
theo thi gian v phn chia theo m (TDMA v CDMA ). Hin nay cc h
thng thng tin di ng ang giai on chuyn t th h 2
+
sang th h 3.
* Mt s u th ca th h II:
1. Cc dch v mng mi v ci thin cc dch v ca ngi s dng s
hiu chuyn mch knh tc cao (HSCSD), dch v v tuyn gi a
nng (GPKS) v s liu 14,4 Kb/s.
2. Cc cng vic lin quan n cc dch v in thoi nh Codec ting
ton tc ci tin (EFC), Codec a tc thch ng v khai thc t do
u cui cc Codec ting.
3. Cc dch v b xung nh: Chuyn hng cuc gi, hin th tn ch gi,
chuyn giao cuc, v cc dch v cm gi mi.
4. Ci thin lin quan n dch v bn tin ngn (SMS): Mc ni cc
SMS, m rng bng ch ci, m rng tng tc gia cc SMS.
5. Cc cng vic lin quan n cng vic tnh cc: Cc dch v tr tin
trc, tnh cc nng v h tr cho u tin vng gia nh.
6. Tng cng cng ngh SIM.
7. Dch v mng thng minh nh : CAMEL.
8. Cc ci thin chung nh: Chuyn mch CTSM-AMPS, cc dch v
nh v, tng tc vi cc h thng thng tin di ng v tinh v h tr
nh tuyn ti u.
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
22
Bo co thc tp
Thng tin di ng s th h II xy dng theo tiu chun GSM, IS95.
Cc yu cu v dch v mi ca cc h thng thng tin di ng nht l cc
dch v truyn s liu i hi cc nh khai thc phi a ra c cc h thng
thng tin di ng mi. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu chun ho
h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 vi tn gi IMT- 2000.
1.2.3. H thng thng tin di ng th h III:
H thng thng tin di ng th h III l th h thng tin cho cc dch v
di ng truyn thng c nhn a phng tin. Hp th in thoi s c thay
th bng bu thip in t c lng ghp vi hnh nh v cc cuc thoi
thng thng trc dy s c b xung cc hnh nh tr thnh thoi c
hnh.
* u im ca h thng thng tin di ng th h III:
1 . Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy cp
Internet nhanh hoc cc dch v a phng tin.
2 . Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s v c nhn ton
cu v in thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php s dng ng k cc
dch v ca cc h thng thng tin di ng.
3. D dng tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c
m bo s pht trin lin tc ca thng tin di ng. phn bit gia th h
III vi cc th h khc th th h III c gi l th h bng rng.
1.3. Mt s loi hnh dch v trong thng tin di ng:
in thoi di ng ln u tin xut hin ti M n c nhng u im
hn hn so vi in thai c nh ngi dng c th trao i thng tin vi
nhau bt c ni no trong vng ph sng.
Ngy nay in thoi di ng c dng ph bin v rng ri trn th
gii.Sau y l mt s cc loi hnh in thoi:
1.3.1. in thoi ko di:
in thoi khng dy thay vic i dy in thoi ti nh thu bao i vi
in thoi c nh bng mt h thng v tuyn h thng ny cn c mt thit
b u cui cm vo cm ca ng dy thu bao (gi l my m) v mt
my in thoi khng dy (gi l my con).
*C hai loi my khng dy:
+ Loi th nht ch yu dng xch tay m khng cn thit phi i dy
trong phng.
+ Loi th hai ch yu dng xch tay d dng cm my in thoi (my
con) i li trong mt vng gii hn.
*H thng in thai khng dy ny c hai phng thc thm nhp:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
23
Bo co thc tp
+ Thm nhp n knh : Bng mt knh v tuyn c nh n nh cho
tng my in thoi khng dy v thit b u cui km theo.
+ Thm nhp a knh : p ng bi cnh pht trin ca k thut m
trc ht l lnh vc in thoi t h thng thm nhp a knh tr
thnh phng hng chnh h thng ny s dng a knh v tuyn c
dng cho ton b h thng v bt c my in thoi khng dy no trong
h thng thm nhp ti mi thi im.
1.3.2. Thng tin di ng ng st:
Thng tin di ng ng st bao gm c in thoi v tuyn s dng cho
kinh doanh v in toi cng cng ho xa v m bo an ton cng cng
v tng hiu qu dch v giao thng ng st in thoi v tuyn kinh doanh
c s dng ci thin cc dch v du lch.
*Thng tin di ng ng st s dng hai loi h thng tiu biu:
+ V tuyn ho xa: c s dng cho vic iu hnh v giao tip gia cc
thnh vin ca ho xa on.
+V tuyn ho xa on: c s dng giao tip gia ngi li tu vi
nhn vin kim sot v thng tin khn cp gia ho xa on v nhn vin
iu hnh nh ga v thng tin bo hiu hay giao tip gia cc nhn vin
lin quan n iu vn tu.
1.3.3. My nhn tin :
H thng my nhn tin c cc ph d hn bt c loi hnh dch v di ng
no v ti trm gc th ch cn c my pht ngi ta thc hin bin i dng
tin nhanh thnh chui s liu iu ch di tn my pht.
Trm gc ti trm di ng th ch cn mt my thu thc hin thu tn hiu
cao tn gii iu ch di tn to thnh chui s liu v a vo hin th trn
mn hnh tinh th lng nhng n c nhc im l khng thc hin chao i
trc tip thng tin vi nhau c v lng tin nhn th hn ch.
1.3.4. Thng tin di ng hng hi:
Thng tin an ton v khn cp cho vic cu h trn bin v thng tin o
hng l khng th thiu c i vi cc tu thuyn v l loi thng tin di
ng hng hi c nht cc tn s 500KHz cho m Morse, 2182KHz v
156,800KHz cho thoi c n nh chung cho lin lc khn cp trn ton th
gii v tnh mng con ngi nn cc tn s ny c quc t bo v ngoi ra
cn c h thng bo cnh o hng v thng bo ng v ring bit s dng
bo hiu Morse bng tn HF (4- 22) Mhz cho cc tu thuyn ngoi khi cc
h thng ny hot ng trn ton cu di s qun l quc t phc v cho
vic tm kim v cu h trn bin.
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24
Bo co thc tp
Thng 3 1973 ngi ta a vo s dng mt h thng u ni chuyn
mch t ng dng bng tn 250Mhz i vi tu thuyn ngoi khi hay thay
i v tr h thng ny cho php u ni chuyn mch t ng nh i vi
in thoi c nh bng phng php duy tr mt File thng tin nh v cho
mi tu pha chuyn mch.
Thng 111988 mt h thng mi vi iu khin chung ra i trung
tm chuyn mch v trung tm iu khin ca h thng mi ny c kt hp
vi h thng in thoi di ng bng tn 800Mhz gim gi thnh h thng
thng nht vic vn hnh v khai thc.
1.3.5. Thng tin di ng hng khng :
Thng tin di ng hng khng c s dng lin lc v iu khin cc
my bay cung cp cc thng tin thi tit cho chng m bo an ton v
trng t cho hot ng ca cc chuyn bay ni a v quc t thng tin gia
cc my bay v trung tm iu khin c thc hin qua mt trm gc t
sn bay hoc c lp trn chuyn bay.
Thng tin di ng hng khng s dng cc bng tn HF(2
22)Mhz v
VHF (118
,
_
R
R : c ly bc x.
: Bc sng bc x.
BS MS
Truyn sng trong khng gian t do
*Truyn sng trong vng hai tia:
- C hai ng i khc nhau do s sai pha ti im thu x tnh c
tng cng in trng (c th b trit tiu hoc tng ln).
- Ngoi tia nhn thng cn c tia phn x t mt t (trng hp ph sng
dc theo quc l, cc vng nng thn) hai tia sng i trn cc qung ng
khc nhau nn c s sai pha khc nhau ti cc im thu. Nu sai pha bng
nhau hoc l n = 360
0
th chng ng pha dn n bin tng cng s ln.
- Nu gc sai pha l 180
0
th chng ngc pha nhau dn n bin tng
cng bng khng.
- Cc trng hp cn li bin s thng ging.
* Truyn sng trong vng nhiu tia:
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36
Bo co thc tp
MS
BS
(3)
(1)
(2)
SW
Truyn sng trong v ng a tia
* y l trng hp ph sng cho cc vng th nhiu vt che chn
ngoi tia truyn thng cn c v s cc tia phn x do cc vt che chn rt
nhiu trng hp khng c tia nhn thy.
in trng tng cng l tp hp nhiu tia sng c sai pha khc nhau
to ra hin tng pha inh nhanh khi cc tia ln cng in trng tng
cng s tim cn vi mt gi tr khng i .
Pha inh do cng in trng trong thng tin di ng (E)
Cng in trng trong khng gian t do :E0
E0 =
d
Pp Gp. 30
G
p
: tng ch ca anten pht ( khuch i ca anten ).
P
p
: cng sut my pht trm gc.
d : c ly
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
37
Bo co thc tp
BS
MS
h
t
Pha inh trong khng gian t do
d
h
p
Nh vy E
0
khng ph thuc vo cao anten thu pht n ph thuc vo
cng sut my pht v suy hao ca h thng (m bn thn my pht v s
di chuyn) khng ph thuc vo nhy my thu .
Cng in trng trong vng truyn sng hai tia.
E = E0
,
_
+ + +
2
cos 2
2
r r L
L =
d
h h
t p
. . 2
E0 : cng in trng trong khng gian t do
r : h s phn x t mt t
= E0
,
_
+ + +
1
1
1
2
1
2
cos 2
r r L
1
= d
1
- d +
1 1
2
1
2
cos . . . 2 d d d d +
r
1
: h s phn x ca tia 1 (t s gia bin tia sng phn x ti tia nhn
thy).
d
1
: di ca tia phn x (c ly theo ng phn x).
* Tng t nh vy ta c tia th 2:
E
= E0
( )
1
]
1
+
,
_
+
,
_
+ + +
2 1
2 1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
. 2
cos . 2
. 2
cos . 2
. 2
cos . . 2 r r r r r r L
Vi
i i i i i
d d d d d d cos . . 2
2
+ +
Hiu ng dopple:
Sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ch Tnh Lp: K14B-TVT
39
Bo co thc tp
Khi cc my thu pht c c ly thay i lin tc trong mt phin lm
vic th tn s cng tc s b bin i ( tn s cng tc chnh l tn s my
pht ). Trong vng ph sng dc quc l khi trm di ng t trn t th
tc thay i so vi phm vi ph sng l ng k th ta phi tnh n
hiu ng dopple.
a
BS
MS
Hiu ng dopple khi MS thay i
f
ct
= f
c
+ f
d
f
d
= f
mi
.cos
i
;
f
m
=
c
v f
c
.
c = 3.10
8
m/s ( tc nh sng )
v : vn tc ca trm di ng
f ct : f c ca my thu
Khi ta xt mc tiu sng th i t BS n MS to ra vi mt t mt gc
i
, c ly lin lc
cang xa gc