An aircraft's stability is expressed in relation to each axis: Any aircraft in flight has 6 degrees of freedom. i.e.

. it can move in 6 different ways. Three axes of an aircraft Longitudinal : Parallel to the fuselage. Lateral : Parallel to the wing. Normal : Perpendicular to the ground.

AILERONS

EMPENNAGE (TAIL)

STABILITY
Stability is the tendency of an airplane to fly a prescribed flight course.

1. Static Stability Stable Neutral

2.Dynamic Stability Unstable

Centre of Pressure:
Average of all Pressures acting on the Airfoil

Aerodynamic Centre:
The point on the chord at which the Coefficient of Moment remains significantly constant over the varying range of angle of attack

Coefficient of Moment:
IN aerodynamics, the pitching moment on an airfoil is the moment (or torque) produced by the aerodynamic force on the airfoil if that aerodynamic force is considered to be applied, not at the center of pressure, but at the aerodynamic center of the airfoil.

Convention:

Longitudinal Stability:

XwLw = XsLs XwAwCLw = XsAsCLs

PITCHING MOMENT = (0.5) * Cm * DENSITY * SPEED * SPEED * AREA * CHORD Lw x Xc.g.(from wing) M Lt x Xc.g. (from tail)=0

Lateral stability.- An airplane is said to possess lateral static stability if after undergoing a disturbance that rolls it to some bank angle , it generates forces and moments that tend to reduce the bank angle and restore the equilibrium flight condition.

1. Dihedral

Swept:
A swept wing plan form also produces roll stability. When the glider rolls and develops a sideslip, the air flows over the gliders wings at different angles. The airflow over the lower wing is closer to perpendicular to the wings leading edge, resulting in a faster relative airspeed over the wing chord. This produces greater lift on this wing, so the model rolls back to horizontal. Ten degrees of wing sweep produces about the same roll stability as one degree of dihedral.

Yaw Stability
The glider must be stable in yaw to recover from any disturbances that would turn the glider to the left or right. Yaw stability is provided simply by adding a vertical stabilizer (or fin) at the rear of the model. The fin provides stability

SPIRAL DIVERGENCE & DIRECTIONAL DIVERGENCE

DUTCH ROLL

High Lift Devices

Flaps Slats Spoilers

Flaps: Used for increased lift

Slat: For increasing lift and directing the airflow.

Spoilers