io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-ZvKpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I

{io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-Zv-Kpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I-fm hnc-Nn-X-amb Hcp {]I-cW {Kw
8 ]Zy- DXp-sIm-pw, kvtXm{X-ambn kvXpXn-p--Xp-sIm-pw, D]-\n-j-n\v
kam-\-am-bnv {_-kXyw PK-nYy F alm-hmIyn\v kZr-iy-am-bn-p hymJym-\am-b-Xp-sImpw, Cu {Ks {io Zn-Wm-aqn AjvSIw/{io Zn-Wm-aqn
D]-\n-jXv Fpw ]d-bp-p.
Hcp-]mSv kvtXm{X-fpw IrXn-Ifpw \psS ]qn-I-mcv \s A\p-{K-ln-m thn
AXXv Imev, Cu XmXv]-cy-s, Ejn GtXXv kXy-s-bmtWm Is-n-b-Xv, B
Is--en-eqsS Ah ssIh-cn B\w hcpwXe-ap-dbvpw \pI-cp-hm km[n-s
F Imcp-Wy-n \nmWv Ccw {K- Dm-bn-p--Xv.
Cu {K-n
Rm BcmWv? Cu {]-]w FmWv? Ch Xn-ep _w FmWv? CXv Adn-bp-Xp-sIm-p t\w FmWv? CXymZn Imcy--fmWv ]d-bp--Xv.
(1)
hnizw ZW Zriy-am\ \Kcn Xpeyw \nPmKXw
]iy-m--\n-am-b-bm-_-l-cn-thmXv `qXw bYm \n{Z-bmXv
bXv kmmXv IpcptZ {]t_m-[-k-atb kzmm-\-ta-hm-Zzbw
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \a-bnXw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
]Zw apdn-s-gp-Xp-tm ZW Zriy-am\ \Kcn Xpeyw, \nPm-KK-Xw, hnizw bYm
\n{Z-bm-Xv, XYm, B-\n-am-bbm _lln Ch, ]iy, {]t_m-[-k-a-tb, AZzbw
kmm\w Gh, b, kmmXv Ipcp-tZ, Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aq-tb, Zn-Wm-aqtb
CZw \ax
Aw hnizw \nPm-KXw = Cu hnizw Xs Dn-em-Wv. Rm ico-c-a-, _pn-b, Al-m-c-a F Adn-hn-tev Hcp DW-cev Dv.- kz kzcq-]s A\p-k-m\w
sNbvXv Dd-p-h-cp--Ww. (kqcy N{ \-{Xm-Zn-I Ds-Sp Cu alm KmeIvkn
Fs AI-m-sWp ]d-bp-tm, AsX-ns\ Fs AI-mIpw Fv tNmZn-p-Xv, icoc at\m _pn D]m-[n-I-fn A`n-am-\n-p Rm F Al-m-c-am-Wv. AXpsIm-mWv a\-n-em-hm _pn-ap-v). BNmcy kzman-I ]d-bpp

at\m_py-l-m-c-Nn-m-\n-\mlw
\t{im-{X-Pntlz \P-{Km-W-t\t{X
\P-thym-a-`q-hn \tX-tPm-\-hmbp
NnXm-\--cq] inthmlw inthmlw
ZW Zriy-am-\-\-Kcn Xpeyw = Im-Sn-bn ImW-s-Sp ]Ww t]mse, B\n =
Bm-hn (t_m-[-n), ambbm = amb-bm (A-m\w tlXp-hm-bn), _lnln
DZvt_m[w = ]pdv D-Xp-t]mse tXmp-p, bYm \n{Zbm = Dd--n F{]-Im-c-amtWm, XYm = A{]-Im-c-n, ]iy = tXmp-p, {]t_m-[-k-atb = DW-cp thfbn (F-m-n \np-ap DW/\ma-cq-]m-Xn-I-fn \np DW.
\n{Zsb
Am\w Fp Xs-bmWv BNm-cy-m ]d-bp--Xv), Bm\w Gh = Xs-X-s,
AZzbw = cn-msX (X-n \n-\y-ambn Hpw Xm In-n Fv Adn-bp--h-\m-bno-cpw), A-s\-bn-cn-p ka-\v, Zn-Wm-aqnv {]Wm-aw. Zn-Wm-aqn =
ZnWx Aaqn (cq-]-an-m--Xv). B cq-]-an-m t_m[-n-\m-bn-smv Fs
{]Wm-aw.
________________________________________________________________________
kzman ko]v ssNX-\y-bpsS {]`m-j-W-n \nv
Fw. _n. kpIp-am-c tat\m
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io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-ZvKpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I

\ma-cq]w kXy-amWv Fv Icp-Xp-Xv Xs Am-\w. Cu Am-\s Cm-sX-bmm-\p {]{In-b-sb-bmWv [ym\w Fp ]d-bp--Xv. hntiz-iz-cs\/t_m[s Bc-dn-bpp, Ah \ma-cq-]m-Zn-I-fn \nv hnp-t]m-Ip-p. BcmWv temI-nse _\-sf
tOZn-p--Xv, Ah ambsb XcWw sNp-p (_-\--sfmw kXy-amWv Fp IcpXp-Xv thsdmcp amb/Am-\w).
kmcw: Cu hniz-ns \ne-\n]pw, B \ne-\n]ns B[m-cs At\z-jnp
t]mbv-gn-m, Xn \n-\y-ambn Hp-an-m-sb-pw, Xn \n-\y-ambn tXmpXv Am\w tlXp-hm-bn-m-sW-pw, B Am-\-s-bmWv amb Fp ]d-bp-sXpamWv Hm-as tmI-n ]d-bp--Xv.

amb At\z-jn-m Cm--Xpw, At\z-jn-m-n-S-tmfw Imew D-Xpw.

\n ico-c-amWv Fp hnNm-cn-p-tm, \n Cu {]]--n \npw thdnp
\np-p hnth-Im-\- . {]]w thsd Rm thsd Fv Fs-smv A\p-`hn-n-p--Xn\v Imc-W-ambn `hn-n-cn-p-Xv B Am-\-am-Wv.

hyh-lm-c-n Rm\p-v, ]c-amoI kXy-n Rm\n-.

(2)
_oPky Ax Ch Apcx PKZv CZw {]mIv \nn-Iev]w ]p\x
ambm Iev]nX tZi-Ime Ie\m sshNn-{X-Nn-{Xo-Ir-Xw
ambmhn Ch hn{Pw`-bXn A`nbx tkzObm
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
CZw PKZv = Cu hnizw (D-m-bn, \ne-\n-v, Cm-sX-bm-Ip--Xn-s\-bmWv PKXv Fp ]dbp--Xv), {]mbv = apv (Cu PKXv Bhn`-hn-p--Xn\v apv), \nhn-Iev]w = bmsXmcp
hnI-ev]hpw Cm--Xm-bn-cp-p, _oPky Ax = hnns Dn, Apcx Ch = apf
t]mse (hn-n-\-Iv F{]-Imcw apf Aeo-\-ambn \ne-sIm-p-pthm hnn
Hcp ]q hr-ns Fm-ap-v), ]p\x = ]ns, ambm Iev]nX = amb-bm Iev]n-Xam, tZi-Ime = tZihpw Ime-hpw, Ie\m sshNn-{X-Nn-{Xo-Ir-Xw = At-bw hnNn-{Xamb kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, ambmhn Ch = Fn-s\-bmtWm Hcp C{-Pm-e-m-c C{Pmew Dm-p--Xv, almtbmKo Ch = AYhm Hcp alm-\mb tbmKn F-t]m-se,
tkz-bmXv = kzw C-bm/B{K-l-m hn{Pw`-bXn = AXns\ {]I-S-am-p-Xv,
As\ {]I-S-amn {]Im-in-n B Kpcp-aqn-m-bn-smv \a-kvIm-cw.

Cu {]]--s-s {]I-S-am-p-Xv RmX-s-bm-Wv.

(3)
bth kv]pcWw kZm-IkZv Iev]mIw `mktX
kmmXv XXz-akn CXn thZ-h-Nkm tbmt_m-[-b-Xym-{in-Xm
bXv kmm-XvI-c-Wm-`-th ]p\-cm-hn `hmw-t_m-n[u
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
]Z-tOZw: bky Gh-kv]p-cWw kZm--Iw, AkZv Iev]mIw `mk-tX, kmmXv
XXzw Akn blm t_mt[Xn B{in-Xm, bZv kmm-XvI-c-WmXv `thZv \ ]pcmtW
Bhnt `hm t_mn-[u, Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wmaqtb.
bky = bmsXm-cp-h-s, kZm-Iw Gh kv]pcWw = kZv`m-h-amb B kv]pcWw/B
Adnhv, Gh = AXp-X-s, AkZv Iev]mIw = Ceym--Xm-bn-p/Ceym--hbvv
kZr-iy--fmbn (\m-a-hpw, cq]-hpw), `mktX = As\ {]Im-in-p-p-thm, blm B{inXm = ChnsS B{i-bn-p--h-sc, XZv Xzw Akn = AXv \obm-Ip-p, CXn thZ-h-Nkm =
AXv kmmXv Bbnv Xn \nv A\y-a-msX t_m[n-p-p, bZv kmm-ZvI-c-WmXv
________________________________________________________________________
kzman ko]v ssNX-\y-bpsS {]`m-j-W-n \nv
Fw. _n. kpIp-am-c tat\m
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io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-ZvKpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I

= bmsXm-ns kmm-XvImcw tlXp-hm-bn-m-tWm, `hmw t_mn[u = Cu kwkm-c-kmK-c-n-ev, \ ]p\x Bhnx = hopw Hcp hchv Dm-Ip-p-.

kmcw: bmsXm-cp-hs/Ahs {]Im-i-amWv Cu hnizw apgp-h\pw {]Im-in-p--Xv,

AXn Cm--Xm-bn-p ]eXpw D-Xm-bnv tXmpw, AXmWv amb. XXz-akn almhmIyw D]-tZ-in--s-n-p thZ-nse Cu alm-hm-Iyw, Fn-s\-bp--h\v D]-tZ-in-p,
B D]-tZ-i-ns ^e-ambn kmm-XvI-cn-p B kXyw, BcpsS A\p-{Klw sImv
kmm-XvI-cn-p-p, B Kpcp-aqn-m-bnv \a-kvIm-cw.
(4)
\h-Zzm-tc-]ptc tZln = 9 Zzmc--fp Hcp IpS-n-\-I-n-cn-p Hcp Nncm-Xv (9 Zzmc-fp Hcp a]m-{X-amWv \mw), Cu Nncm-XmWv t_m[w. CutPymXn 9 Zzmc--fn-eqsS
B NncmXv
]pd-tp hcp-p. In\v ImgvN-bm-bn, ImXn\v tIhn-bm-bn..
sIm Fmw Ign-p, Pm\man CXn = Rm Adnbp-p, `mw Xw Ghx = {]Im-inp Ah Xs. kaw GZXv PKXv = AXns\ ]nXp-Sp-sImv Fmw
AXns \nev {]I-S-am-Ip-p. tZln\v (]-`q-X--fm \nn-X-amWv Cu ico-cw)
6 hn[-n-ep ]cn-Wm-a- kw`-hn-p-p-v. AkvXn, Pmb-tX, h-tX, hn]-co-W-atX, A]-o-b-tX, hn\-iyXn CXn. Rm ico-c-am-Wv, a\-m-Wv, Cf-Ip _pn-bmWv,
Rm Hp-an-m-bva-bmWv Ahcv hnh-c-an-m kv{XoI, hr, Ipn-I, A-m,
Ch-scm-s-bm-Wv. ambm-in sImpw, AXns Iev]\ sImv Dmbn-p
almhymtam-l-tbpw kwl-cn-p Zn-Wm-aqnv Fs \a-kvIm-cw.
(5)
cml-tIXp Znhm-I-tcp kZrix ambm ka-Om-Z-\mXv
kam{X kI-tcmW kw`-c-Xx bl A`qXv kpjp-]vX-]p-am
{]mIv A]vkzmkyw CXn {]t_m-[-k-atb {]Xy-`n-m-btX
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
bl ]qam = bmsXmcp t_m[-am-tWm, Ic-tWm] kwK-c-WXx = mt\-{n-b--fpsS
\nb-a-\w, kam{X = kam-{X-bn/kXv am{X, ambm kam-Om-Z-\mXv = Ahn-Zy-bm adbv-s--Xn-\m, cml-tIXp Znhm-I-tcp kZrix = cmlp-hm {Kkn--s kqcy-N-{-msc-tmse kpjp-]vXnsb {]m]n--h-\m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, bmsXm-cp-h-\mtWm {]t_m-[-k-abv (D-Wn-ev) DW-cp-Xv (Xp-cobw = \mem-a-s), {]mIv A]vkzmkyw CXn = ap]v
Rm Dd-n-bn-cpp F-dn-bp--Xv ({]-`mX ka-bv DW-cp-tm, Rm Dd-p-I-bm-bncpp Fv BcmtWm Adn-bp--Xv), Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io ZnWm-aqtb.
(6)
_meym-Znjp A]n Pm{K-Xm-Znjp XYm
kmkp Ah-mkp A]n hymhr-mkp A\p-h-am\w
Alw CXn A-k-]p-cw kZm-km-m\w {]I-Sn-I-tcmXn
`PXmw bl `{Zbmw ap{Zbmw
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
hymhr-mkp = hp-s]m-bvsm-n-cn-p _meyw, Iuam-cw, bu-\w, hmyw
CXymZn Ah-m-t`-Z--fv, AXp-t]m-se-Xs Pm{K-Xv, kz]v\w, kpjp]vXn CXym-Zn-Ifv,
kmkp Ah-mkp = Fm Ah--I-fnepw A\p-h-am\w = A\p-hnp
sImn-cn-p--Xpw, kZm A Alw CXn kv]pcw = Chn-sS-sbms {]Im-in-p-sImn-cn-p--Xp-amb Hpv Alw CXn. B t_m[-kz-cq-]s bmsXm-cp-h-\m-tWm,
________________________________________________________________________
kzman ko]v ssNX-\y-bpsS {]`m-j-W-n \nv
Fw. _n. kpIp-am-c tat\m
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io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-ZvKpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I

`{Zbm ap{Zbm = `{Z-amb tim`-\-amb ap{Z-bm (Nn-p-{Z-bm) tim`n-p-p--Xv, B

t_m[-h-kvXp-hn-\m-bn-smv \a-kvIm-cw.

kmcw: GsXmcp Poh\pw GsXms A\p-`-h

- -fn-eqsSbmWv ISp hcp--Xv, Cu A\p`h Zi-Isf Ah-m-cq-]--fmbn Fn, AXn _mey-sapw Iuam-c-sapw bu-\-sapw, Hw \mw A\p-`-hn-p {]]-m-\p-`-h--sf, B {]]-m-\p-`-h--fn Rm
F Alw-t_m-[s tImn-W-n-sm-v, Rm Cu hnizs A\p-`-hn-p-p.
BcmtWm KV-kp-jp-]vXn-bn Rm Hpw Adn-n Fp ]d-Xv, GsXmcp
Rm\mtWm Pm{KXv Ah--bn CXn-s\-sbms Ip, tIp, cpNn-p.. Fsms ]d-Xv, GsXmcp Rm\mtWm kz]v\w I-Xv, Cu t_m[-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-smv \a-kvImcw.
(7)
hnizw ]iyXn Imcy-Im-c-W-Zbm kzkzman kw_-Xx
injym-Nm-cy-Xbm XssYh ]nXr-]p-{Xm-ym-\m t`ZXx
kz]vt\ Pm{KXn hm b Gj ]pcpjx ambbm ]cn-{`m-anXx
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
]pcpjx = ]q-\m-b-h (th-Xm imkv{X-n ]pcp-j F i_vZw ]pc-n
ibn-p--h F `mh-n-em-Wv.
AXp-t]mse ]q-\m-bn-cn-p--h Fpw.
A]q-Xm-t_m[w Imp-kq-n-m--h-scmw ]pcp-j-m-cm-Wv), ]q F-Xn\v
C\nbpw ]e A--fp-v. 1. Xm {_-amWv F Adn-hn-te-p-W-cm tbmKy-\m-bnp--h. 2. kv{Xo]p-cpj `mh-nse kv{Xo`mhw IqSn {]IS-amngn-m ]q-\mbn. B \ne-bn, am\p-jnI `mhw \Inb Cuiz-c-m-cn {ioIr-jvW-\mWv ]q.
ambbm ]cn-{`m-anXx = amb-bm ]cn-{`-an--s--h-\m-bn-v, tbjx = Ch, hnizw ]iyXn
Imcy-Im-c-W-Zbm = temIs Imcy-Im-cW kw_--ambn hne-bn-cp-p-p. DZm: Fs
kzman-bm-Wv, injy\pw BNm-cy-\pw, ]nXmhv ]p{X CXymXn _--fmWv temI-n
D-Xv. CsXmw amb-bm-ep ]cn-{`m-n-bm-Wv. ]ns Kpcp-hp-an-, injy-\p-an-, ]nXm-hpan-, ]p{X-\p-an-. Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb. B
t_m[-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-tmv \a-kvIm-cw.

Hcn- l\p-am ]dp

tZl-_p-ymsXm Zmtkm-lw, Poh-_p-ymsXm Awi-Ix, B-_pym Xzta-hmlw.
Aw : tZl-_p-n-bm Rm Zmk-\m-Wv, Pohs \ne-hm-c-nsem Rm Awi-\mWv, ]c-amnI Xe-n Rm Xs-bmWv Av.
(8)
`q Amkn A\ex A\nex Aw_cx Al\mY lnamwip ]pam
CXn B`mXn Ncm-N-cm-XvaIw CZw bky Gh aqy-jvTIw
\ A\yXv In\ hnZytX hnaiXmwv bkamZv ]c-kvamXv hnt`m
Xkvssa {io Kpcp-aqtb \ax CZw {io Zn-Wm-aqtb
`qan, Pew, An, hmbp, BIm-iw, kqcy, N{, ]pcp-j (Po-h) CXmWv AjvS-aqn. {Ia-n ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n BImiw hmbp An Pew `qan Fn-s\-bmWv DXv]--am-b-sXv thZw ]d-bp-p. `qan Huj-[n-Ifv (ta-L--fn \nv, agbn \nv) Aw ]pcp-j.
Cu 8 {]Im-c-n-ep Fs {]IrXn Fpw tim`npp/hne-kp-p.
AXn, hnainXmw = Nnn-p--hv, ]c-kvamZv hnt`m =
]caImc-W-am-bv hnhn[ BIr-Xn-I {]m]n--Xm-bnv Ah-\-dn-bp-p. bkvamZv \ A\yXv
________________________________________________________________________
kzman ko]v ssNX-\y-bpsS {]`m-j-W-n \nv
Fw. _n. kpIp-am-c tat\m
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io Zn-Wm-aqn kvtXm{Xw

PK-ZvKpcp {io i-cm-Nmcy kzman-I

In\ hnZytX = bmsXm-cp-h-\n \n-\y-ambn Hpw Xsbn Fv Bc-dn-bp-p.

{]Ir-Xn-bmWv Cuiz-c.

^e-{ipXn:
km--Xz-anXn kv]pSn-Ir-X-anXw bkvam-X-ap-jvanth
tX\m-ky-{i-h-Wm-a-a-Z-\mXv [ym\m- ko-\mXv
km-Xz almhn`q-Xn-klnXw kymXo-iz-cXzw kzXx
kno XXv ]p\-c-jvS[m ]cn-WXw N sFiz-cya-hym-lXw
Aw: Ajvanth CZw kmXzw = C{]-Imcw Cu kvtXm{X-n kvXpXn-s-n-p B {]Xo-Im-m-hns kzcq-]-s-p-dn-p hnh-cWw kv]pSo-IrXw = kv]jvSam--sp F ImcWw sImp-X-s, tX\ Aky-{i-h-WmXv = AXns {ihWw
sImv, XZ-a-\km = AXns kmcs {Kln-p--Xn-eq-sS, [ym\mXv = [ym\w
sImpw, ko---\mXv = ko\w sImpw (t_m-[n--Xns\ kl-P-cp-ambn ]p-hbvp-XpsImpw), km-Xz almhn`q-Xn-klnXw = kthm-m-h-am-Ip B
alm hn`qXn kln-X-am-bn-p Cuiz-cXzw kzXx = Cuiz-c-`m-h-am-Ip \nXyX `hn-pw,
]p\x AjvSXm ]cn-WXw = B AjvS sFiz-cy-fpw hp tNcpw.

ip`w

mbsukumaran@gmail.com

________________________________________________________________________
kzman ko]v ssNX-\y-bpsS {]`m-j-W-n \nv
Fw. _n. kpIp-am-c tat\m
Page 5 / 5