Trng THCS Hng - in

Chuyn 1: Tp hp, tp hp con- p dng.

Bi ton1. Vit cc tp hp sau ri tm s phn t ca tp hp
.
a) Tp hp A cc s t nhin x m 8:x =2.
b) Tp hp B cc s t nhin x m x+3<5.
c) Tp hp C cc s t nhin x m x-2=x+2.
d)Tp hp D cc s t nhin m x+0=x
Bi ton 2. Cho tp hp A = { a,b,c,d}
a) Vit cc tp hp con ca A c mt phn t.
b) Vit cc tp hp con ca A c hai phn t.
c) C bao nhiu tp hp con ca A c ba phn t? c
bn phn t?
d) Tp hp A c bao nhiu tp hp con?
Bi ton 3. Xt xem tp hp A c l tp hp con ca tp hp B
khng trong cc trng hp sau.
a, A={1;3;5}, B = { 1;3;7} b,
A= {x,y}, B = {x,y,z}
c, A l tp hp cc s t nhin c tn cng bng 0, B l tp hp
cc s t nhin chn.
Bi ton 4. Ta gi A l tp con thc s ca B nu A B ; A B .
Hy vit cc tp con thc s ca tp hp B = {1;2;3}.
Bi ton 5. Cho tp hp A = {1;2;3;4} v B = {3;4;5}. Hy
vit cc tp hp va l tp con ca A, va l tp con ca B.
Bi ton 6. Chng minh rng nu
, A B B C
th
A C
Bi ton 7. C kt lun g v hai tp hp A,B nu
bit.
a, x B th x A b, x A
th x B , x B th x A .
Bi ton 8. Cho H l tp hp ba s l u tin, K l tp hp 6 s
t nhin u tin.
a, Vit cc phn t thuc K m khng thuc H.
b,CMR H K
c, Tp hp M vi
, H M M K
.
- Hi M c t nht bao nhiu phn t? nhiu nht
bao nhiu phn t?
- C bao nhiu tp hp M c 4 phn t tha mn
iu kin trn?
Bi ton 9. Cho { } { } 18;12;81 , 5;9 a b
. Hy xc nh tp
hp M = {a-b}.
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Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi ton 10. Cho tp hp A = {14;30}. in cc k
hiu
,
vo trng.
a, 14 A ;b, {14} A; c,
{14;30} A.
.
Chuyn 2. S t nhin- Cc php ton trn tp hp s
t nhin
Bi ton 1. Vit tp hp cc s t nhin c 2 ch s trong
mi s:
a, Ch s hng n v gp 2 ln ch s hng chc.
b, Ch s hng n v nh hn ch s hng chc
l 4.
c, Ch s hng n v ln hn ch s hng chc.
Bi ton 2. Cho 3 ch s a,b,c. Gi A l tp hp cc s t nhin
gm 3 ch s ni trn.
a, Vit tp hp A. b, Tnh tng cc phn t ca
tp hp A.
Bi ton 3. Cho mt s c 3 ch s l abc (a,b,c khc nhau v
khc 0). Nu i ch cc ch s cho nhau ta c mt s mi.
Hi c tt c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s nh vy? (k c s ban
u).
Bi ton 4. Cho 4 ch s a,b,c v 0 (a,b,c khc nhau v khc
0).Vi cng c 4 s ny c th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch
s?
Bi ton 5. Cho 5 ch s khc nhau. Vi cng c 5 ch s ny
c th lp c bao nhiu s c 5 ch s?
Bi ton 6. Quyn sch gio khoa Ton 6 c tt c 132
trang.Hai trang u khng nh s. Hi phi dng tt c bao
nhiu ch s nh s cc trang ca quyn sch ny?
Bi ton 7 . Tm hai s bit tng l 176 ; mi s u c hai
ch s khc nhau v s ny l s kia vit theo th t ngc li.
Bi ton 8. Cho 4 ch s khc nhau v khc 0.
- 2 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

a) Chng t rng c th lp c 4! s c 4 ch s khc nhau.
b) C th lp c bao nhiu s c hai ch s khc nhau trong
4 ch s .
Bi ton 9. Tnh cc tng sau.
a) 1 + 2+ 3+ 4 +....+ n b) 2+4+6+8+...+2.n
c) 1+3+5+7+...+(2.n +1) d) 1+4+7+10+..+2005
e) 2+5+8+...+2006 f) 1+5+9+..+2001
Bi ton 10 Tnh nhanh tng sau. A = 1 +2 +4 +8 +16
+....8192
Bi ton 11 a) Tnh tng cc s l c hai ch s
b) Tnh tng cc s chn c hai ch s.
Bi ton 12. a) Tng 1+ 2+ 3+ 4 +...+ n c bao nhiu s
hng kt qu bng 190
b) C hay khng s t nhin n sao cho 1 + 2+ 3+ 4
+....+ n = 2004
Bi ton 13. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc.
a) A = (100 - 1).(100 - 2).(100 - 3)...(100 - n) vi n

N
*
v
tch trn c ng 100 tha s.
b) B = 13a + 19b + 4a - 2b v a + b = 100.
Bi ton 14.Tm cc ch s a, b, c, d bit . . a bcd abc abcabc
Bi ton 15. Chng t rng hiu sau c th vit c thnh
mt tch ca hai tha s bng nhau: 11111111 - 2222.
Bi ton 16. Hai s t nhin a v b chia cho m c cng s d, a
b. Chng t rng
a - b : m
Bi ton 17. Chia 129 cho mt s ta c s d l 10. Chia 61
cho s ta c s d l 10. Tim s chia.
Bi ton 18. Cho S = 7 + 10 + 13 + ... + 97 + 100
a) Tng trn c bao nhiu s hng?
b) Tim s hng th 22
c) Tnh S.
Bai ton 19. Chng minh rng mi s sau c th vit c
thnh mt tch ca hai s t nhin lin tip:
a) 111222 ; b) 444222
Bi ton 20 . Tm s chia v s b chia, bit rng: Thng
bng 6, s d bng 49, tng ca s b chia,s chia v d bng
595.
Bi ton 21. Tnh bng cch hp l.
a)
44.66 34.41
3 7 11 ... 79
A
+

+ + + +
b)
1 2 3 ... 200
6 8 10 ... 34
B
+ + + +

+ + + +

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Trng THCS Hng - in

c)
1.5.6 2.10.12 4.20.24 9.45.54
1.3.5 2.6.10 4.12.20 9.27.45
C
+ + +

+ + +
Bi ton 22. Tm kt qu ca php nhn.
a)
{ {
2005 . 2005 .
33...3.99...9
c s c s
A
b)
{ {
2005 . 2005 .
33...3.33...3
c s c s
B
Bi ton 23.Tm gi tr nh nht ca b. thc A = 2009 -
1005:(999 - x)vi x N
Chuyn 3. lu tha vi s m trn t nhin
A. Kin thc c bn: +
n
a a.a...a ( n tha s a, n

o )
+ Quy c: a
1
= a, a
0
= 1.
+ a
m
.a
n
= a
m+n
(m, n

N
*
); a
m
:a
n
=a
m-n
(m, n

N
*
, mn, a

0);
- Nng cao: + Lu tha ca mt tch: (a.b)
n
= a
m
.b
n

+ Lu tha ca lu tha: (a
m
)
n
= a
m.n
+ Lu tha tng:
n
m
a
=
( )
n
m
a
( trong mt lu tha tng ta thc hin php lu tha t trn
xung di ).
+ S chnh phng l bnh phng ca mt s t nhin.
- So snh hai lu tha: + Nu hai lu tha c cng c s ( ln
hn 1 ) th lu tha no c s m ln hn s ln hn.

Nu m > n Th a
m
> a
n
(a
> 1)
+ Nu hai lu tha c cng s m ln hn 0 th lu tha no
c c s ln hn s ln hn.
Nu a > b Th a
m
> b
m
(m
> o)
B. Bi tp.
Bi ton 1. Vit cc tch sau hoc thng sau di dng lu
tha ca mt s.
a) 2
5
. 8
4
; b) 25
6
.125
3
; c) 625
5
:25
7
Bi ton 2: Vit mi tch , thng sau di dng mt lu tha:
a) 4
10
.2
30
; b)
25 4 3
9 .27 .81 ; c)
50 5
25 .125 ; d)
3 8 4
64 .4 .16 ;
e)
8 6
3 : 3 ;
10 3
2 : 8 ;
7 7
12 : 6 ;
5 3
21 : 81
f)
8 2
5 : 25 ;
9 2
4 : 64 ;
25 4
2 : 32 ;
3 4
125 : 25
- 4 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi ton 3. Tnh gi tr cc biu thc.
a)
10 10
9 4
3 .11 3 .5
3 .2
A
+
;
10 10
8
2 .13 2 .65
2 .104
B
+
c)
3 2
4
72 .54
108
C ; d)
22 7 15
14 2
11.3 .3 9
(2.3 )
D

Bi ton 4: Vit cc s sau di dng tng cc lu tha ca 10.

213; 421; 2009; abc ; abcde
Bi ton 5 So snh cc s sau, s no ln hn?
a) 27
11
v 81
8
b) 625
5
v 125
7
c) 5
23
v 6. 5
22
d) 7. 2
13
v 2
16
Bi ton 6: Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) a
3
.a
9
b) (a
5
)
7
c) (a
6
)
4
.a
12
d) 5
6
:5
3
+ 3
3
.3
2
e) 4.5
2
- 2.3
2
Bi ton 7. Tm n

N
*
bit.
a)
2 5
3 .3 3 ;
n
b)
2
(2 : 4).2 4;
n
c)
4 7
1
.3 .3 3 ;
9
n

d)
1
.27 3
9
n n

;
e)
1
.2 4.2 9.5 ;
2
n n n
+
g) 32 2 128;
n
< < h) 2.16 2 4.
n
>
Bi ton 8 Tm x

N bit.
a) ( x - 1 )
3
= 125 ; b) 2
x+2
- 2
x
= 96;
c) (2x +1)
3
= 343 ; d) 720 : [ 41 - (2x - 5)] = 2
3
.5.
e) 16
x
<128
4

Bi ton 9 Tnh cc tng sau bng cch hp l.
A = 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
100
B = 1 + 3 + +3
2
+3
2
+...+ 3
2009
C = 1 + 5 + 5
2
+ 5
3
+...+ 5
1998
D = 4 + 4
2
+ 4
3
+...+ 4
n
Bi ton 10: Cho A = 1 + 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
200
. Hy vit
A + 1 di dng mt lu tha.
Bi ton 11. Cho B = 3 + +3
2
+3
3
+...+ 3
2005
. CMR 2B + 3 l
lu tha ca 3.
Bi ton 9. Chng minh rng:
a) 5
5
-5
4
+5
3
M7 b)
6 5 4
7 7 7 11 + M c)
9 8 7
10 10 10 222 + + M
d)
6 7
10 5 59 M e)
2 2 *
3 2 3 2 10
n n n n
n N
+ +
+ M f)
7 9 13
81 27 9 45 M
Bi ton 12: a) Vit cc tng sau thnh mt tch: 2+2
2
;
2+2
2
+2
3
; 2+2
2
+2
3
+2
4
b) Chng minh rng: A = 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
2004
chia ht
cho 3;7 v 15
Bi ton 13: a) Vit tng sau thnh mt tch 3
4
+3
25
+3
6
+
3
7
b) Chng minh rng: + B = 1 + 3 + +3
2
+3
2
+...+ 3
99
M

40
- 5 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

+ A = 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
100
M31
+ C = 16
5
+ 2
15
M33 + D = 53! - 51! M29
Bi ton 14: Thc hin cc php tnh sau mt cch hp l:
a) (2
17
+17
2
).(9
15
- 15
9
)(4
2
- 2
4
) b) (7
1997
- 7
1995
):
(7
1994
.7)
c)
2 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 8 2
(1 2 3 4 ).(1 2 3 4 ).(3 81 ) + + + + + + d)
8 3 5 3
(2 8 ) : (2 .2 ) +
Cc bi ton v ch s tn cng:
* Tm tt l thuyt:
- Tm ch s tn cng ca mt tch: +Tch ca cc s l l
mt s l
+ Tch ca mt s chn vi mt s bt k s t nhin no
cng l mt s chn.
- Tm ch s tn cng ca mt lu tha.
+ Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng 0,1,5,6 khi nng ln lu
tha bt k (khc 0) vn gi nguyn cc ch s tn cng ca
n.
+ Cc s t nhin tn cng bng nhng ch 2,4,8 nng l lu
tha 4n (n

0) u c tn cng bng 6.
...2
4n
= ...6 ; ...4
4n
= ...6 ; ...8
4n
= ...6
+ Cc s t nhin tn cng bng nhng ch 3,7,9 nng l lu
tha 4n (n

0) u c tn cng bng 1.
...3
4n
= ...1 ; ...7
4n
= ...1 ;...9
4n
= ...1
- Mt s chnh phng th khng c tn cng bng 2,3,7,8.
* Bi tp p dng:
Bi ton 1: Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau.
3
7
2003 99 99 99 99 99 5 32 33
2 ; 4 ;9 ;3 ; 7 ;8 ; 789 ;87 ;58
Bi ton 2: Chng minh rng cc tng v hiu sau chia ht
cho 10.
481
n
+ 1999
1999
; 16
2001
- 8
2000
; 19
2005
+ 11
2004
; 17
5
+ 24
4
-
13
21
Bi ton 3: Tm ch s tn cng ca tng: 5 + 5
2
+ 5
3
+...+
5
96
Bi ton 4: Chng minh rng A =
2 0 0 6 94
2 0 0 4 9 2
1
. ( 7 3 )
1 0
l mt s t
nhin.
Bi ton 5: Cho S = 1 + 3 +3
2
+3
3
+...+ 3
30
. Tm ch s tn
cng ca S. CMR: S khng l s chnh phng.
Bi ton 6: Cho

A = 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
100

a) Chng minh A M3
- 6 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

b) Chng minh A M15 ; c) Tm ch s tn cng ca A.
Bi ton 7. Ch : +
*
01 01( )
n
x y n N +
*
25 25( )
n
x y n N
+ Cc s 3
20
; 81
5
; 7
4
; 51
2
; 99
2
c tn cng bng 01.
+ Cc s 2
20
; 6
5
; 18
4
;24
2
; 68
4
;74
2
c tn cng bng 76.
+ 26
n
(n >1) c tn cng bng 76.
p dng: Tm hai ch s tn cng ca cc s sau.
2
100
; 7
1991
; 51
51
;
99
99
99
; 6
666
; 14
101
; 2
2003
.
Bi ton 8. Tm ch s tn cng ca hiu 7
1998
- 4
1998
Bi ton 9. Cc tng sau c l s chnh phng khng?
a) 10
8
+ 8 ; b) 100! + 7 ; c) 10
100
+ 10
50
+ 1.
Bi ton 10. Chng minh rng
a) 2002
2004
- 1002
1000
M10 b) 1999
2001
+ 201
2005
M10;
Bi ton 11. Chng minh rng: a) 0,3 . ( 2003
2003
- 1997
1997
) l mt
s t nhin
b)
2 0 0 6 1 9 9 8
2 0 0 4 1 9 9 4
1
(1 9 9 7 1 9 9 3 )
1 0

Chuyn 4: chia ht trong tp s t nhin
I. Kin thc b sung:
1. a Mm ; b Mm

k
1
a + k
2
b Mm
2. a Mm ; b Mm ; a + b + c Mm

cMm
II. Bi tp:
* Cc phng php chng minh chia ht.
PP 1: chng minh A Mb (b 0 ). Ta biu din A = b. k trong k

N
PP 2. S dng h qu tnh cht chia ht ca mt tng.
Nu at bMm v a Mm th b Mm.
PP 3. chng minh mt biu thc cha ch (gi s cha n) chia
ht cho b(b khc 0) ta c th xt mi trng hp v s d khi chia n
cho b.
PP 4. chng minh AMb. Ta biu din b di dng b = m.n. Khi .
+ Nu (m,n) = 1 th tm cch chng minh AMm v A Mn suy ra AM
m.n hay A Mb.
+ Nu (m,n) 1 ta biu din A = a
1
.a
2
ri tm cch chng minh a
1
Mm; a
2
Mn th tch a
1
.a
2
Mm.n suy ra AMb.
PP 5. Dng cc du hiu chia ht.
PP 6. chng minh AMb ta biu din
1 2
...
n
A A A A + +
v chng minh
cc ( 1, )
i
A i n b M
- 7 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi ton 1. Chng minh rng vi mi n

N th 60n +45 chia ht

cho 15 nhng khng chia ht cho 30.
Bi ton 2. Cho a,b

N. Hi s ab(a + b) c tn cng bng 9 khng?

Bi ton 3. Cho n

N. CMR 5
n
1 M4
Bi ton 4: Chng minh rng: a)
11 ab ba + M
b)
9 ab ba M
vi a>b.
Bi ton 5: Chng minh rng:
a) A =1 + 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ 2
4
+...+2
39
l bi ca 15 T = 125
7
-25
9
l bi ca 124
c) M =
2 3 4 2000
7 7 7 7 ... 7 8 + + + + + M d) P =
2 3 2
... 1
n
a a a a a + + + + + M vi a,n

N
Bi ton 6: CMR tng ca 3 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 3,
tng ca 5 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 5.
Bi ton 7: CMR: + Tng ca 3 s chn lin tip th chia ht cho
6
+ Tng 3 s l lin tip khng chia ht cho 6.
+ Tng ca 5 s chn lin tip th chia ht
cho 10 cn tng 5 s l lin tip th chia 10 d 5
Bi ton 8: Cho a,b

N v a - b M7 . CMR 4a +3b M7.

Bi ton 9: Tm n

N .
a) n + 6 Mn ; 4n + 5 Mn ; 38 - 3n Mn
b) n + 5 Mn + 1 ; 3n + 4 Mn - 1 ; 2n + 1 M16 - 3n
Bi ton 10. Chng minh rng: (5n)
100
M125
Bi ton 11. Cho A = 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+... + 2
2004
.
CMR A chia ht cho 7;15;3
Bi ton 12. Cho S = 3 +3
2
+3
3
+...+ 3
1998
. CMR
a) S M12 ; b) S M39
Bi ton 13. Cho B = 3 +3
2
+3
3
+...+ 3
1000
; CMR B M120
Bi ton 14. Chng minh rng:
a) 36
36
- 9
10
M45 ; b) 8
10
- 8
9
- 8
8
M55 ; c) 5
5
- 5
4
+ 5
3
M7
d)
6 5 4
7 7 7 11 + M e)
9 8 7
10 10 10 222 + + M
g)
6 7
10 5 59 M h)
2 2 *
3 2 3 2 10
n n n n
n N
+ +
+ M i)
7 9 13
81 27 9 45 M
Bi ton 15. Tm n

N :
a) 3n + 2 Mn - 1 b) n
2
+ 2n + 7 Mn + 2 c) n
2
+ 1 Mn - 1
d) n + 8 Mn + 3 e) n + 6 Mn - 1 g) 4n - 5 M2n - 1
Bi ton 16. CMR:
a) Tch ca hai s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 2.
b) Tch ca 3 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 6.
c) Tch ca 4 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 24.
d) Tch ca 5 s t nhin lin tip chia ht cho 120.
(Ch : Bi ton trn c s dng trong CM chia ht, khng cn CM
li)
- 8 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi ton 17. cho 4 s t nhin lin tip khng chia ht cho 5, khi
chia cho 5 c nhng s d khc nhau. CMR tng ca chng chia
ht cho 5.
Bi ton 18. Cho s
abc
khng chia ht cho 3. Phi vit s ny lin
tip nhau t nht my ln dc mt s chia ht cho 3.
Bi ton 19: Cho n

N, Cmr n
2
+ n + 1 khng chia ht cho 4 v
khng chia ht cho 5.
Bi ton 20. Tm s t nhin c hai ch s, bit rng s chia
ht cho tch cc ch s ca n.
Bi ton 21. Cmr a) n N th
{
. / 1
2 11...1 3
n c s
A n + M
b)
, , a b n N
th ( )
{
. / 1
10 1 . 11..1 . 9
n
n c s
B a n b
_
+

,
M
Bi ton 22. Hai s t nhin a v 2.a u c tng cc ch s bng
k. Chng minh rng aM3
Bi ton 23. CMR: m + 4n M13

10m + nM13.
, m n N
Chuyn : S nguyn t Hp s
A. Kin thc b sung:
+ kt lun s a l s nguyn t (a > 1), ch cn chng tn
khng chia ht cho mi s nguyn t m bnh phng khng vt
qu a.
+ chng t mt s t nhin a > 1 l hp s , ch cn ch ra mt
c khc 1 v a.
+ Cch xc nh s lng cc c ca mt s:
Nu s M phn tch ra tha s nguyn t c M = a
x
. b
y
c
z
th
s lng cc c ca M l ( x + 1)( y + 1)( z + 1).
+ Khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t , s chnh phng ch cha
cc tha s nguyn t vi s m chn. T suy ra.
- S chnh phng chia ht cho 2 th phi chia ht cho 2
2
.
- S chnh phng chia ht cho 2
3
th phi chia ht cho 2
4
.
- S chnh phng chia ht cho 3 th phi chia ht cho 3
2
.
- S chnh phng chia ht cho 3
3
th phi chia ht cho 2
4
.
- S chnh phng chia ht cho 5 th phi chia ht cho 5
2
.
+ Tnh cht chia ht lin quan n s nguyn t:
Nu tch a.b chia ht cho s nguyn t p th hoc aMp hoc bMp.
c bit nu a
n
Mp th aMp
+ c nh nht khc 1 ca mt hp s l mt s nguyn t v bnh
phng ln khng vt qu n.
+ Mi s nguyn t ln hn 2 u c dng: 4 1 n t
+ Mi s nguyn t ln hn 3 u c dng: 6 1 n t
- 9 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

+ Hai s nguyn t sinh i l hai s nguyn t hn km nhau 2
n v
+ Mt s bng tng cc c ca n (Khng k chnh n) gi l S
hon chnh.
V d: 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 nn 6 l mt s hon chnh
B. Bi tp.
Bi 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng bng 601.
Bi 2. Tng ca 3 s nguyn t bng 1012.Tm s nh nht trong
3 s .
Bi 3. Cho A = 5 + 5
2
+ 5
3
+...+ 5
100
a) S A l s nguyn t hay hp s?
b) S A c phi l s chnh phng khng?
Bi 4. S 54 c bao nhiu c? Vit tt c cc c ca n.
Cch lit k: 54 = 2.3
3
1 3 3
2
3
3
1 2
1 3 3
2
3
3
hay 1 3 9
27
2 2.3 2. 3
2
2.3
3
2 6 18 54
Bi 5. Tng (hiu) sau l s nguyn t hay hp s?
a) 1.3.5.713 + 20
b) 147.247.347 13
Bi6.Tm s nguyn t p sao cho
a) 4p + 11 l s nguyn t nh hn 30.
b) P + 2; p + 4 u l s nguyn t.
c) P + 10; p +14 u l s nguyn t.
Bi 7. Cho n

N
*
; Chng minh rng:
/ 1 / 1
111...12111...1
nc s nc s
A
123 123
l hp s.
Bi 8. + Cho n l mt s khng chia ht cho 3. CMR n
2
chia 3 d 1.
+ Cho p l s nguyn t ln hn 3. Hi p
2
+ 2003 l s
nguyn t hay hp s?
Bi 9. Cho n

N, n> 2 v n khng chia ht cho 3. CMR n

2
1 v n
2
+ 1 khng th ng thi l s nguyn t.
Bi 10. Cho p l s nguyn t v mt trong hai s 8p + 1 v 8p 1
l s nguyn t, s cn li l s nguyn t hay hp s?
Bi 11. Cho p l s nguyn t ln hn 3. CMR (p - 1)(p + 1) chia ht
cho 24.
Bi 12. Cho p v 2p + 1 l hai s nguyn t (p > 3). CMR: 4p + 1 l
hp s.

- 10 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Chuyn : c chung CLN Bi chung BCNH
A. Kin thc b sung.
1. C - CLN
+ Nu aMb th (a,b) = b.
+ a v b nguyn t cng nhau

(a,b) = 1
+ Mun tm c chung ca cc s cho ta tm cc c ca CLN
ca cc s .
+ Cho ba s a,b,c nguyn t vi nhau tng i mt nu (a,b) =
1; (b,c) = 1; (a,c) = 1
Tnh cht chhia ht lin quan n CLN
- Cho (a,b) = d . Nu chia a v b cho p th thng ca chng l
nhng s nguyn t cng nhau.
- Cho a.b Mm (a,m) = 1 th b Mm
2 . BC BCNN
+ Nu s ln nht trong mt nhm chia ht cho cc s cn li
th s ny l BCNN ca nhm .
+ Nu cc s nguyn t vi nhau tng i mt th BCNN ca
chng l tch ca cc s .
+ Mun tm BC ca cc s cho, ta tm bi ca BCNN ca
cc s .
Nng cao.
- Tch ca hai s bng tch ca CLN v BCNN ca chng.
a.b = CLN(a,b) . BCNN(a,b)
- Nu ly BCNN(a,b) chia cho tng s a v b th cc thng ca
chng l nhng s nguyn t cng nhau.
- Nu a Mm v aMn th a chia ht cho BCNN(m,n). T suy
ra
+ Nu mt s chia ht cho hai s nguyn t cng nhau th
n chia ht cho tch ca chng.
+ Nu mt s chia ht cho cc s nguyn t cng nhau i
mt th n chia ht cho tch ca chng.
B. Bi tp.
Bi 1. Tm CLN ri tm C ca 48 v 120.
Bi 2. Tm s t nhin a ln nht, bit rng 120Ma v 150 Ma.
Bi 3. Tm s t nhin x bit rng 210 Mx , 126 Mx v 10 < x <
35.
Bi 4. Tm s t nhin a nh nht khc 0, bit rng aM120 v aM86.
Bi 5. Tm cc bi chung nh hn 300 ca 25 v 20.
Bi 6. Mt i y t c 24 bc s v 108 y t. C th chia i y t
nhiu nht thnh my t s bc s v y t c chia
u cho cc t?
- 11 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi 7. Mt s sch khi xp thnh tng b 10 cun, 12 cun, 15
cun, 18 cun u va b. Bit s sch trong khong 200
n 500. Tm s sch.
Bi 8. Mt lin i thiu nin khi xp hng 2, hng 3, hng 4, hng
5 u tha 1 ngi. Tnh s i vin ca lin i bit rng
s trong khong t 100 n 150.
Bi 9. Mt khi hc sinh khi xp hng 2, hng 3, hng 4, hng 5,
hng 6 u thiu 1 ngi, nhng xp hng 7 th v . Bit
rng s hc sinh cha n 300. Tnh s hc sinh .
Bi 10. Mt con ch ui mt con th cch n 150 dm. Mt bc
nhy ca ch di
9 dm, mt bc nhy ca th di 7 dm v khi ch nhy mt bc
th th cng nhy mt bc. Hi ch phi nhy bao nhiu bc
mi ui kp th?
Bi 11. Ti ngh mt s c ba ch s.
Nu bt s ti ngh i 7 th c s chia ht cho 7.
Nu bt s ti ngh i 8 th c s chia ht cho 8.
Nu bt s ti ngh i 9 th c s chia ht cho 9.
Hi s ti ngh l s no?
Bi 12. chng minh rng hai s t nhin lin tip l hai s nguyn t
cng nhau.
Bi 13. CMR cc s sau y nguyn t cng nhau.
a) Hai s l lin tip.
b) 2n + 5 v 3n + 7.
Bi 14. CLN ca hai s l 45. S ln l 270, tm s nh.
Bi 15. Tm hai s bit tng ca chng l 162 v CLN ca chng
l 18.
Bi 16. Tm hai s t nhin a v b, bit rng BCNN(a,b) = 300;
CLN(a,b) = 15.
Bi 17. Tm hai s t nhin a v b bit tch ca chng l 2940 v
BCNN ca chng
l 210.
Bi 18. Tm s t nhin a nh nht khi chia cho 5, cho 7, cho 9 c
s d theo th t l 3,4,5.
Bi 19. Tm s t nhin nh nht khi chia cho 3, cho 4, cho 5 c s
d theo th t l 1;3;1.
Bi 20. Cho CLN(a,b)= 1. CMR
a) CLN(a+b,ab) = 1.
b) Tm CLN(a+b, a-b).
- 12 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi 21. C 760 qu v cam, va to, va chui. S chui nhiu hn
s to 80 qu, s to nhiu hn s cam 40 qu. S cam, s to, s
chui c chia u cho cc bn trong lp. Hi chia nh vy th s
hc sinh nhiu nht ca lp l bao nhiu? mi phn c bao nhiu
qu mi loi?
Bi 22. a) c chung ln nht ca hai s t nhin bng 4, s nh bng
8. tm s ln.
b) c chung ln nht ca hai s t nhin bng 16, s ln bng 96,
tm s nh.
Bi 23. Tm hai s t nhin bit rng :
a) Hiu ca chng bng 84,CLN bng 28, cc s trong khong t
300 n 440.
b) Hiu ca chng bng 48, CLN bng 12.
Bi 24. Tm hai s t nhin bit rng:
a) Tch bng 720 v CLN bng 6.
b) Tch bng 4050 v CLN bng 3.
Bi 25. CMR vi mi s t nhin n , cc s sau l hai s nguyn t
cng nhau.
a) 7n +10 v 5n + 7
b) 2n +3 v 4n +8.
Tp hp Z cc s nguyn . Th t trong Z
A) Kin thc B sung.
1. vi a, b

Z bao gi cng c mt v ch mt trong ba trng hp a

= b hoc a > b hoc a < b.
2. Vi a, b, c

Z nu a < b, b < c th a < c (tnh cht bc cu)

3. K hiu Hoc; k hiu v
A
B

ngha l A hoc B
A
B

'

ngha l A v B
- 13 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

V d: x > 3 hoc x < -3 l
3
3
x
x
>

<

x > -5 v x < 5 vit l -5 <x < 5 hay

5
5
x
x
>
'
<

B. Bi tp:
Bi tp 1. Mnh sau ng hay sai?
Nu a < b th
a b <
( chng t mt mnh no l sai ta ch cn a ra mt v
d c th m mnh sai. Mt th d nh th c gi l mt phn
v d)
Bi tp 2. Tm x

Z bit
a)
4 x
b)
4 x <
c)
x
>4
Bi tp 3. Cho

{ }
{ }
{ }
/ 9
/ 4
/ 2
A x Z x
B x Z x
C x Z x
>
<

Tm
; ; A B B C C A
Bi tp 4. trong cc mnh sau, mnh no ng?
Mnh no sai?
a) Nu a = b th
a b
b) Nu
a b
th a = b
c) Nu
a b <
th a < b.
Bi tp 5. Tm x bit:
a)
5 7 x +
b)
6 . 54 x
Bi tp 6. Tm x, y, z

Z bit
0 x y z + +
.
Tr bi kim tra mt tit S hc v Hnh hc
Php cng hai s nguyn - Tnh cht php cng
cc s nguyn
Bi tp 1. Tnh nhanh.
a) 2004 + [ 520 + (-2004)] b) [(-851) + 5924] + [(-5924) +
851]
c) 921 + [97 + (-921) + (-47)] d) 2003 + 2004 + (-2005) + (-
2006).
Bi tp 2. Tnh tng cc s nguyn x tha mn.
a) - 7 < x < 6 b) 4 > x > -5 c)
8 x <
- 14 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi tp 3. Tnh tng A = 2 + (-4) + (-6) + 8 + 10 + (-12) + (-14) +
16 + + 2010.
B = 1 + (-3) + (-5 ) + 7 + 9 +(-11) + (-13) + 15 + + 2009.
Bi tp 4. Cho x v y l hai s nguyn cng du. Tnh x + y bit
10 x y +
Bi tp 5. Tm cc cp s nguyn (x,y) tha mn
a)
2. 0 x y +
b)
3. 2. 0 x y +
Bi tp 6. Vi gi tr no ca x v y th tng S =
2. 2 1998 x y y + + +

t gi tr nh nht? Tm gi tr nh nht .
Bi tp 7. Tm s nguyn x bit rng
a) x + 4 l s nguyn dng nh nht
b) 10 -x l s nguyn m ln nht
Bi tp 8. Tm cc s nguyn a, b, c bit rng: a + b = 11, b + c =
3; c + a = 2.
Bi tp 9. Tm cc s nguyn a, b, c, d bit rng:
a + b + c + d = 1,
a + c + d =2,
a + b + d = 3,
a + b + c = 4.
Bi tp 10. Cho x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
+ + x
49
+ x
50
+ x
51
= 0 v x
1
+ x
2
=
x
3
+ x
4
= = x
47
+ x
48
= x
49
+ x
50
= x
50
+ x
51
= 1.Tnh x
50
.
n tp hc k i.
Dng 1. Thc hin cc php tnh.
Bi 1. Tnh nhanh.
- 15 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

a) 32 . 47 + 32 . 53 b) (-24) + 6 + 10 + 24 c) (24 +
42) + (120 - 24 - 42)
d) (13 - 145 + 49) - (13 + 49) e) 25 . 2
2
+ (15 18 ) + (12 -
19 + 10)
Bi 2. Thc hin cc php tnh (tnh nhanh nu c th)
a) 3.5
2
- 16:2
2
b) 2
3
.17 2
3
.14 c) 20 [ 30
(5 - 1)]
d) 600 : [450 :{ 450 (4.5
3
2
3
. 5
2
)}] e)
10 10
9 4
3 .11 3 .5
3 .2
A
+

Dng 2. Tm x
Bi 1. Tm s t nhin x bit.
a) 6.x 5 = 613 b) x 15 = 24 c) 2.x 138
= 2
3
.3
2
d) 10 + 2.x = 4
5
: 4
3
e) 70 5.(x - 3) = 45 g) 315 +
(146 x ) = 401
Bi 2. Tm s nguyn x bit
a) 3 + x = 7 b) x + 9 = 2 c) 11 (15 + 21) = x (25 -9)
d) 2 x = 17 (- 5) e) x 12 = (-9) 15 g) 9 25 = (7
x ) (25 + 7)
Dng 3. C - CLN BC BCNN
Bi 1. Tm CLN ri tm cc C ca 90 v 126.
Bi 2. Tm s t nhin a ln nht bit rng 480Ma v 600Ma.
Bi 3. Tm s t nhin x bit rng 126Mx, 210Mx v 15 < x < 30.
Bi 4. Tm s t nhin a nh nht khc 0 bit rng aM126; aM198.
Bi 5. Tm cc bi chung ca 15 v 25 m nh hn 400.
Bi 6. Bit s hc sinh ca mt trng trong khong 700 n 800
hc sinh, Khi xp hng 30, hng 36, hng 40 u tha 10 hc
sinh. Tnh s hc sinh ca trng .
Dng 4. Hnh hc. a) V on thng AB = 8 cm. Trn AB ly hai
im M, N sao cho; AM = 3 cm; An = 6 cm.
b) Tnh di cc on thng MN,NB.
- 16 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Hi M c phi l trung im ca on AN hay khng? v sao?

n tp v Quy tc du ngoc Quy tc chuyn v
Bi tp 1. Tm s nguyn x bit.
a) 5 x = 17 (-5) ; b) x 12 = (-9) (-15) ;
c) 9 25 = (-7 x ) (25 - 7) d) 11 + (15 - 11 ) = x
(25 - 9)
e) 17 {-x [-x (-x)]}=-16 g) x + {(x + 3 ) [(x + 3)
(- x - 2)]} = x
Bi tp 2. Tnh cc tng sau mt cch hp l:
a) 2075 + 37 2076 47 ; b) 34 + 35 + 36 + 37 14
15 16 17
c) 7624 + (1543 + 7624) ; d) (27 514 ) ( 486 - 73)
Bi tp 3. Rt gn cc biu thc.
a) x + 45 [90 + (- 20 ) + 5 (-45)] ; b) x + (294 + 13 ) +
(94 - 13)
Bi tp 4. n gin cc biu thc.
a) b (b a + c) ; b) (a b +
c ) (c - a)
c) b (b + a c ) ; d) a (- b + a
c)
Bi tp 5. B ngoc ri thu gn cc biu thc sau.
a) (a + b ) (a b ) + (a c ) (a + c)
b) (a + b c ) + (a b + c ) (b + c - a) (a b c)
Bi tp 6. Xt biu thc. N = -{-(a + b) [(a b ) (a + b)]}
a) B du ngoc v thu gn
b) Tnh gi tr ca N bit a = -5; b = -3.
- 17 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi tp 7. Tm s nguyn x bit.
a)
3 16 4 x
b)
26 9 13 x +
Bi tp 8. Chng minh ng thc
- (- a + b + c) + (b + c - 1) = (b c + 6 ) (7 a + b )
Bi tp 9. Cho A = a + b 5 B = - b c + 1
C = b c 4 D = b a
Chng minh: A + B = C + DBi tp 10. Vit 5 s nguyn vo 5
nh ca mt ngi sao 5 cnh sao cho tng ca hai s ti hai
nh lin nhau lun bng -6

Bui 14. n tp chng II.
I. n tp l thuyt.
1. Gi tr tuyt i ca s nguyn a l g? cch tnh gi tr tuyt
i ca mt s nguyn dng, s nguyn m, s 0.
2. Pht biu quy tc cng hai s nguyn cng du, cng hai s
nguyn khc du.
3. Pht biu quy tc tr hai s nguyn, nhn hai s nguyn.
4. Vit di dng cng thc cc tnh cht ca php cng, php
nhn cc s nguyn.
II. Bi tp.
Dng 1. Thc hin cc php tnh
Bi 1. Tnh.
a) (-15) + 24 ; b) (-25) - 30 ; c) (-15) + 30 ; d) (-13)
+ (-35)
e) (-34) . 30 ; g) (-12) . (-24) h) 36 : (-12) i) (-54) : (-3)
Bi 2. Thc hin cc php tnh(tnh nhanh nu c th).
a) (-5).6.(-2).7 b) 123 - (-77) - 12.(-4) + 31 c)
3.(-3)
3
+ (-4).12 - 34
- 18 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

d) (37 - 17).(-5) + (-13 - 17) ; e) 34. (-27) + 27. 134 ; g)
24.36 - (-24).64
Dng 2. Tm s nguyn x bit
Bi 1. Tm s nguyn a bit
a)
4 a
; b)
3 6 12 +
c)
3 3 a +
d)
2 3 14 a +
Bi 2. Tm s nguyn x bit.
a) x + 12 = 3; b) 2.x - 15 = 21; c) 13 - 3x = 4
d) 2(x - 2) + 4 = 12; e) 15 - 3(x - 2) = 21; g) 25 + 4(3 - x) =
1
h) 3x + 12 = 2x - 4; i) 14 - 3x = -x + 4 ; k) 2(x - 2)+ 7 = x
- 25
Bi 3. Tm s nguyn n
a) n + 5 chia ht cho n -1 ; b) 2n
- 4 chia ht cho n + 2
c) 6n + 4 chia ht cho 2n + 1 d) 3 - 2n chia ht cho
n+1

Bui 15. n luyn v Hai phn s bng nhau -
Tnh cht c bn ca phn s -Rt gn phn s
A. Kin thc c bn:
1. Hai phn s
a
b
v
c
d
gi l bng nhau nu a.d = b.c
2. Tnh cht c bn ca phn s.
.
( ; 0)
.
a a m
m Z m
b b m

:
:
a a n
b b n
(n

C(a,b))
3. +)Mun rt gc mt phn s ta chia c t v mu ca
phn s cho mt c chung (khc 1 t ) ca chng c mt
phn s mi n gin hn.
+) Phn s ti gin l phn s m t v mu ch c c
chung l 1 t .
- 19 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

a
b
ti gin

(
. a b
)=1.
B. Kin thc b sung.
1. Nu i ch c t v mu ca mt phn s th ta c mt
phn s m bng phn s cho. a)
a
b
v
a
b

b)
a
b

v
a
b
2. Mun rt gn mt phn s thnh phn s ti gin ta chia c t
v mu ca n cho CLN.
3. Nu
a
b
l phn s ti gin th mi phn s bng n u
c dng
.
( ; 0)
.
a m
m Z m
b m

C. Bi tp:
Bi tp 1. Tm cc s nguyn x v y bit.
a).
5
6 24
x
b)
4 20
14 y

c)
4 12
7 x
d)
3
7 21
y

Bi tp 2. Vit cc phn s sau ay di dng phn s c mu d-
ng.

3 17
;
4 3 a

(vi a < 3);
2
6
1 a
Bi tp 3. Trong cc phn s sau, nhng phn s no bng nhau.

15 7 6 28 3
; ; ; ;
60 5 15 20 12

Bi tp 4. Tm x bit
a)
111 91
37 13
x < < b)
84 108
14 9
x

< <
Bi tp 5. Tm n

Z cc phn s sau ng thi c gi tr

nguyn.

12 15 8
; ;
2 1 n n n

+

- 20 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi tp 6. Cho
3 5
4
n
A
n

+
. Tm n

Z A c gi tr nguyn.
Bi tp 7. Tm x

Z bit.
a)
1 8
9 3
x
b)
9
4
x
x

c)
18
4 1
x
x

+

Bi tp 8. Vit tp hp A cc phn s bng phn s -7/15 vi mu
dng c hai ch s.
Bi tp 9. Tm phn s bng phn s 32/60, bit tng ca t v
mu bng 115.
Bi tp 10. Rt gn cc phn s sau.

14 5 7
12 3 3
990 374 3600 75 9 .225 .8
; ; ;
2610 506 8400 175 18 .625 .24

Bi tp 11. Cho phn s

a
b
. CMR :
a x a
b y b

th
x a
y b

Bi tp 12. Rt gn phn s
71.52 53
530.71 180
A
+

m khng cn thc hin

cc php tnh t.
Bi tp 13. Hai phn s sau c bng nhau hay khng?
;
abab ababab
cdcd cdcdcd
Bi tp 14. Tm phn s a/b bng phn s 60/108, bit:
a) CLN(a,b) = 15 ; b) BCNN(a,b)=180
Bi tp 15. CMR vi n

N
*
, cc phn s sau l phn s ti gin
a)
3 2
4 3
n
n

; b)
4 1
6 1
n
n
+
+
Bi tp 16. 1) CMR nu
a b c
b c a
th a = b = c
2) Tm x, y, z bit
3 6 10
x y z
v x + z = 7 + y
Bui 16. Mt s bi ton v phn s.
A. Cha bi tp v nh.
Bi tp 1. Rt gn phn s.
- 21 -
( ). .( )
. . . . . .
a x a
a x b a b y
b y b
ab xb ab ayb ay
x a
y b

Trng THCS Hng - in

14 5 7
12 3 3
9 .225 .8
18 .625 .24
Gii. (a cc lu tha v lu tha ca cc s nguyn t, sau
rt gn).
14 5 7 2 14 2 2 5 3 7 28 10 10 21
12 3 3 2 12 4 3 3 3 24 12 12 9 3
38 10 21
27 12 21
9 .225 .8 (3 ) .(5 .3 ) .(2 ) 3 .5 .3 .2
18 .625 .24 (3 .2) .(5 ) .(2 .3) 3 .2 .5 .2 .3
3 .5 .2 3
3 .5 .2 25


Bi tp 2. Cho phn s
a
b
. CMR :
a x a
b y b

th
x a
y b

Gii.
Bi tp 3. CMR vi n

N
*
, cc phn s sau l phn s ti gin
3 2
4 3
n
n

Gii. Gi s (3n - 2;4n - 3) = d do n

N
*

N
suy ra: 3n - 2 Md v 4n - 3 Md.
3n - 2 Md

12n - 8 Md.
Mt khc 4n - 3 Md

12n - 9 Md

(12 n - 8) - 1Md

1Md hay
suy ra d = 1
Vy cc phn s
3 2
4 3
n
n

vi n

N
*
l

phn s ti gin.
B. Bi tp
- 22 -
Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi tp 1. Tm phn s c mu bng 9, bit rng khi cng t
vi 10 v nhn mu vi 3 th gi tr ca phn s khng thay
i.
Bi tp 2. Tm phn s c t bng -7, bit rng khi nhn t
vi 3 v cng mu vi 26 th gi tr ca phn s khng thay
i.
Bi tp 3. Cho phn s
29
51
; cn bt c t v mu cng mt s
bng bao nhiu c phn s bng 1/2
Bi tp 4. Cho phn s a/b c b - a = 25. phn s a/b sau khi
rts gn th c phn s 63/68. Tm phn s a/b.
Bi tp 5. Lp 6A c 4/5 s hc sinh thch bng bn, 7/10 s
hc sinh thch bng chuyn, 23/25 s hc sinh thch bng
. Mn bng no c nhiu bn lp 6A yu thch nht?
Bi tp 6. Sp xp cc phn s sau theo th t tng dn.
a)
13 7 9 2 1
; ; ; ;
20 20 4 5 2
b)
37 17 23 7 2
; ; ; ;
100 50 25 10 5


Bi tp 7. Tm cc s nguyn x,y sao cho

1 1
18 12 9 4
x y
< < <
Bi tp 8. So snh
5.(11.13 22.26)
22.26 44.52
A

v
2
2
138 690
137 548
B

Bui 17. n tp v php cng phn s - Tnh
cht c bn ca php cng phn s.
A. Kin thc c bn.
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Trng THCS Hng - in

1. Cng hai phn s cng mu.
a b a b
m m m
+
+
2. Cng hai phn s khng cng mu.
- Quy ng mu cc phn s.
- Cng cc t v gi nguyn mu.
3. Cc tnh cht giao hon, kt hp, cng vi 0 ca php cng
cc s nguyn c th m rng cho php cng phn s.
* Nng cao. Phn s Ai Cp l phn s c dng
*
1
( ) n N
n

Bt k mt phn s dng no cng c th biu din thnh
tng ca cc phn s Ai Cp khc nhau.
B. Bi tp.
Bi tp 1. Tnh cc tng sau.
a)
4 27
6 81
+ b)
48 135
96 270

+ c)
30303 303030
80808 484848
+
Bi tp 2. Tnh bng cch hp l.
a)
1 5 2 8 3
4 13 11 13 4
_ _
+ + + +

, ,
b)
21 16 44 10 9
31 7 53 31 53
_ _
+ + + +

, ,
c)
5 3 1 2 1
7 4 5 7 4

+ + + +
d)
3 6 1 28 11 1
31 17 25 31 17 5

+ + + + +
Bi tp 3. Chng minh rng cc tng sau ln hn 1.
a)
3 3 3
8 15 7
M + +
b)
41 31 21 11 1
90 72 40 45 36
N

+ + + +
Bi tp 4. Tm x bit
1 19 58 59 1
1
60 120 36 90 72 60
x
+ + < < + +
Bi tp 5. Mt ngi i xe p t A n B ht 5 gi; Ngi th
hai i xe my t B v A ht 2 gi; Ngi i xe my khi hnh
sau ngi i xe p 2 gi. Hi sau khi ngi i xe my i c 1
gi th hai ngi gp nhau cha?
Bi tp 6. Tm x bit.
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Trng THCS Hng - in

a)
1 2
5 11
x +
; b)
3 2
15 5 3
x
+
; c)
11 13 85
8 6 x
+
Bi tp 7. Chia u 7 qu to cho 8 em b sao cho mi em
b u c 3 phn.
Bi tp 8. Cho phn s
1
2
n
A
n
+

a) Tm n

Z A c gi tr nguyn.
b) Tm n

Z A c
Bi tp v nh:
Bi tp 9.(V nh) Cho phn s
10
5 3
n
B
n

a) Tm n

Z B c gi tr nguyn.
b) Tm gi tr ln nht ca B.
Bi tp 10. Cho
3 3 3 3 3
10 11 12 13 14
S + + + +
Chng minh rng 1 < S < 2 t suy ra S khng phi l s t
nhin.
Bi tp 11. Cho
1 1 1 1
...
31 32 33 60
S + + + +
Chng minh rng
3 4
5 5
S < <
Bui 18. Luyn tp v php tr - php nhn
phn s -Tnh cht ca php nhn phn s.
Bi tp 1. Tm s i ca cc s sau: ;-4; ; ; ; 0 ; 16
Bi tp 2. Tnh
a) - b) - c) - d) - e) -
g) - h) - i) 1 - k) 2 - l) - 1
Bi tp 3. Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt ci b khng c nc. Trong
mt gi vi th nht chy c b., vi th hai chy b. Hi
vi no chy nhanh hn v trong mt gi c hai vi chy c
bao nhiu phn b?
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Trng THCS Hng - in

Bi tp 4. Luc 6h50' bn Vit i xe t A n B vi vn tc 15
km/h. Lc 7h10' bn Nam i xe t B n A vi vn tc 12km/h.
Hai bn gp nhau ti C lc 7h30'. Tnh qung ng AB.
Bi tp 5. Tnh
a) - . b) . c) . d) . (- 21)
Bi tp 6. Tnh nhanh.
a) M = . . . . b) N = . + . + . + .
c) P = . + . - . d) Q = ( ) . - ( )
2
.
Bi tp 7. Tm x bit
a) x - = b) - x = + c) x - = . d) = .
Bi tp 8. Tnh chu vi v din tch ca mt hnh vung c cnh
dm.
Bi tp 9. Tnh tch: P = (1 - ).(1 - ).(1 - )...(1 - ).( 1 - )
BTVN: Tnh nhanh cc tch sau.
A = . . ... B =

.

.

...

C = + + + ... + D = ( 1 - ).(1 - ).(1 - )...( 1 - )
Bui 19. n luyn v cc php ton trn phn
s.
Kin thc b sung.
tin tnh ton nhiu khi ta vit mt phn s mthnh hiu ca
hai phn s khc.
= -
Bi tp.
Bi tp 1. Tnh ( tnh nhanh nu c th)
a) - b) - - c) ( : ) : d) - + . -
e) + 2 . ( - ) . 3
2
- 3 ; g) . . h) . + .
Bi tp 2. Tm x bit
a) x - = c) . - x = d) . x = : e) : x = -
Bi tp 3. Mt kho cha tn thc. Ngi ta ly ra ln th nht tn,
ln th 2 tn thc. Hi trong kho cn bao nhiu tn thc?
Bi tp 4. Tnh cc tng sau bng phng php hp l nht.
A = + + + + ... +
B = + + + ... +

Bi tp v nh: Bi tp 1. Tnh bng phng php hp l.
a) - ( + ) b) ( + + ) - ( - ) c) - ( - - )
d) C = + + + ... + e) D = + + + ...+
Bi tp 2. Xt biu thc A = . + .
a) Rt gn A.
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b) Tm cc s nguyn x A c gi tr l cc s nguyn.
c) Trong cc gi tr nguyn ca A, Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr
nh nht.
Bi tp 3. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc.
a)
5 5 5
7 9 11
15 15 15
7 9 11
+
+
b)
4 4
4
73 115
5 1
5
73 23
+
+
Bui 20. n tp
Bi tp 1. Cho phn s . Vi gi tr nguyn no ca x th ta c
a) < 0 b) = 0 c) 0 < < 1 d) = 1 e) 1 < <
2
Bi tp 2. in s thch hp vo trng:
12 6 21
16 12

W
W W
Bi tp 3. Rt gn:
a) b) c) d)
Bi tp 4. Vit cc s o thi gian sau y di n v l gi: 15
phut; 45 pht;
78 pht; 150 pht
Bi tp 5. So snh hai phn s.
a) v b) v
Bi tp 6.Tm phn s bng phn s . Bit rng CLN(a;b) =
13.
Bi tp 7. Thc hin php tnh ( tnh nhanh nu c th)
a) - + b) . + . - c) . : . - d) + ( + )
Bi tp 8. Tm x bit
a) x - = b) x. - = c) : x + = + d) . x + . x =
Bi tp 9. CMR vi mi s t nguyn n, phn s l phn s ti
gin.
Bi tp 10. Tnh tng. A = + + + ... +
Bi tp 11. Hai vi nc cng chy vo trong mt b, vi th nht
chy trong 10 gi th y b, vi th hai chy trong 8 gi th
y b. Hi hai vi cng chy th trong bao lu s y b?
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Bi tp 12. Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt b. Vi 1 chy trong 10
h th y b, vi 2 chy trong 6h th y b.
a) Hi c hai vi cng chy th trong bao lu s y b?
b) Nu c vi th 3 tho nc ra trong 15 gi s cn ht b y nc,
th khi m c ba vi cng mt lc sau bao nhiu lu s y b?
( lc u b cn ht nc)
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