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Zero Cross Detection

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Zero Cross Detection

it is clear that the frequency of the FM modulated signal can be found by means of the wavelength. The wavelength of the signal can be determined from the zero-crossing of the FM signal. A block diagram of ZC can be seen in figure 1. The principle of the ZC is to generate a pulse whenever a zero-crossing occurs. The generated pulses are then passed though a low pass filter and finally the signal is DC-blocked.

(a)

(b) Figure 1 : (a) Block diagram Zero-crossing Detection Demodulation Algorithm.(b) Basic circuit Zero Crossing Detector

Mathematic description
The pulse generator produces a pulse with fixed amplitude and a fixed duration each time a positive (or negative) going zero-crossing occurs. In most systems, the carrier frequency is much higher than the frequency of the message signal, thus negating the need for detecting both zero-crossings. The output of the pulse generator is a pulse train . If the pulse train is viewed over a short period seconds, where , the numbers of pulses in T can be calculated by (1)

where:

is the maximum frequency deviation. is the base band signal, with a maximum amplitude of 1.

[Hz]

Continuously integrating over frequency of the baseband signal, yields

second, where

is the maximum

(2)

(3)

Adding a DC-block yields (4)

Figure 2 : zero Crossproces illustrates the zero-cross demodulation process.