Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ръководство за цифрова фотография
Ръководство за цифрова фотография
, :
1. .
2. .
3. .
- ,
, , , , -
.
, !
.
( ),
. ,
. .
( 1), ( 2 3)
( 4). 2- ,
. .
.
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program - http://www.gimp.org/).
.
.
1. .
, ,
!
,
? , ? .
:
1.1. -.
-, -.
. .
.. .
. 10 .
1.2. -.
.
, .
,
.
? - .
1.3. .
---. . :
.
, .
slideshow, -
( .1.6).
( slideshow).
, , ,
. , (
), .
, ,
( ,
).
,
. ( , OpenOffice.org Presentation
.)
1.4.
, .
:
.
.1.3, -. ,
.
(BlueRay, DVD CD).
DVD BlueRay- .
- - ,
.
- - ( -) ,
. ,
, .
1.
1.5. . Web-
. ,
. :
(http://picasa.google.com; http://flickr.com; ..).
hosting,
.
: ;
; ; upload
( . 1.6.);
web-
.
,
. , : Gallery2 (http://www.Gallery2.org);
Plogger (http://www.plogger.org/); (E)2 Photo Gallery (http://www.e2interactive.com/)
1.6.
, -
. ,
, .
.
:
Google Picasa (http://picasa.google.com/) - MS Windows, Linux Mac OS.
Picasa ( Google) .
, , . :
; ;
upload http://picasa.coogle.com; ..
( ) ,
,
.
F-spot (http://f-spot.org/) - Linux Mac OS.
Picasa ,
.
digiKam (http://www.digikam.org/) - Linux Mac OS.
.
.
2.
(.. ) ,
.
:
,
-
,
.
- 1015, 1318, 1521, 1824, 2030,
3045.
. ,
. ,
.
. , :
SD (Standard Definition) 720576 ( PAL ),
54 .
HD (High Definition) : 1024768,
1280720, 1366768, .. 54 16x9. -
HD Ready.
FullHD (High Definition) - 1920x1080 ,
16x9.
, - (.. ) ,
.
, . ,
. FullHD
2 073 600 . 2MP (2 ),
10 .
, , .
2.1. (Crop)
. :
Aspect ratio. : 16:9, 4:3, 1:1.5 ..
( ) Size.
Highlight Guidelines . Highlight
, . guidelines
.
-
Mode.
Save options to ...
.
.
Image -> Crop to Selection
.
.
EXIF-
.
,
Copy Paste ,
EXIF-
.
EXIF ! HDR
( - .3.2).
, - -.
. .. , .
Crop - .
, .
2.2. (Resize)
Image -> Scale image
.
.
,
.
FullHD
(19201080).
, .
,
.
(Cubic) -.
- .
Sinc
.
2.3. Levels
Levels
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
-
.
.
.
, ,
. , .
.
. (luminance).
.
(3.10-5cd/m2)
(2.109cd/m2).
- .
- -
. : LCD
1cd/m2. 300cd/m2,
1:300.
, .
, .
(
) . ,
.
, ,
. ,
.
RAW ( ), , firmware- (
),
JPEG-.
, JPEG GIF,
.
LDR- (Low Dynamic
Range Images).
, .
RAW . - , RAW .
, -
.
(High Dynamic Range Imaging). HDR - .
- ,
. HDR-,
LDR . mapping.
,
,
.
, -
. , (,
..) ,
.
,
.
, :
, .
:
.
3. HDR (High Dynamic Range Imaging).
HDR- - . HDR
, .
:
.
.
.
,
.
.
HDR .
. ,
.
.
3.1. .
.
RAW , HDR.
JPEG ,
,
. , LDR- HDR.
(Exposure Bracketing)
2, 3 . ( ,
. :
; ; ; ..)
AEB (Auto Exposure Bracketing), .
,
.
: 9 +2; +1; +1; +1/2; 0; -1/2; -1; -1; -2;
: 5 +2; +1; 0; -1; -2;
HDR LDR
2.
3.2. (HDR).
. HDR LDR
.
: HDR,
JPEG ?.
. ,
.
.
, . :
!
!
mapping.
Tone mapping
, .
,
.
, - :
Durand - .
.
Reinhard04 .
- ,
(
).
Fattal ,
. , .
, , (
) . -
.
:
http://osp.wikidot.com/parameters-for-photographers.
2.
4.
- . .
90% . ,
. .
.
---, . , ,
, ( ,
). :
.
(.. ) .
.
,
.
: . , .
,
.
, -, .
.
.
.
!
CCD .
(, ,
, ..), .
,
. - . .
RAW .
RAW . - 1-2 ,
, JPEG.
(Bracketing).
. , ,
- .
. ,
. ( 2%
.)
zoom.
-
( .2.2.).
zoom .
, .
- .
.
D-Lighting, Vivid Colours,
, ..
.
! .
.
.
- ( ),
. GIMP .
1: ....
DVD-Video dvd-slideshow (http://dvdslideshow.sourceforge.net/wiki/)
1. , .
.
2. , :
dir2slideshowoDVDdiskt5c1n2009Tsa
Music.mp3pPhotos2009
o .
t .
c (Crossfade) .
n . , 2009.txt
T .
EXIF . .
s , .
a .
p PAL .
Photos2009 .
3. :
dvdslideshowoDVDdiskwf2009.txt
o DVDdisk.
w 16:9.
, 4:3.
f . , 2009.txt
4.
### dvd-menu
2: HDR
HDR LDR- Qtpfsgui
(http://qtpfsgui.sourceforge.net/)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Qtpfsgui
File -> New Hdr...
LDR-.
EXIF-
. ,
EV
(exposure values).
5.
.
.
6. File -> Save Hdr as...
. HDR.
,
HDR- . .
3:
. ,
. .
:
1. GIMP
2. , -.
3. Tools -> Paint Tools -> Clone
4. , .
5. Ctrl +
.
6. .
7. , .
GIMP
Layer -> Duplicate Layer
, , .
Colors -> Desaturate -> Luminosity
, . -
(Tools -> Selection Tools -> Free Select).
6. Edit -> Clear
7. .
### ###
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
GIMP
Filters -> Enhance -> Red Eye Removal...
.
1
5. GIMP
6. Select -> All
7. Select -> Shrink -> 5
8. Select -> Rounded Rectangle -> 10
9. Select -> Feather -> 5
10. Select -> Invert
11. Edit -> Clear
12. .
- , 2
- .
### ###
1. GIMP
2. Layer -> Duplicate Layer
3. , ,
. Image -> Transform -> Flip Verticaly
4. .
5. Layer -> Mask -> Add Layer Mask (white)
6. Gradient Fill
7. .
### ###
Polaroid
1. GIMP
2.
8. .
### ###
Pop up