Cap 09

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Chapter 9, Solution 1.
First note: Have
y=
b2 b1 x + b1 a
I y = x 2dA
=
b2 b1 x + b1 a a x 2d ydx 0 0
a b b1 = 0 x2 2 x + b1 dx a
1 b b1 4 1 3 = 2 x + b1x 3 4 a 0
= 1 3 a ( b1 + 3b2 ) 12
Iy =
1 3 a ( b1 + 3b2 ) 12
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
At
x = a, y = b :
b = ka 2
or
k =
b a2
5
y =
b a
5 2
x2
or
x=
a b
2 5
y5
dI y =
1 3 x dy 3
1 a3 6 y 5 dy 3 b6 5
1 a3 b 6 0 y 5 dy 3 b6 5
b
Then
Iy =
1 5 a3 11 = y5 3 11 b 6 5 =
5 a3 11 b5 33 b 6 5
or I y =
5 3 ab 33
First note: or At x = a : or At x = 0:
0 = k (b + c)
c = b
a = k ( 2b b )
k =
x=
a b2 a 2 y b) 2( b
Have
I y = x 2dA = =
a 2 y b) 2b b 2 ( 0 0
x 2dxdy
3
1 2b a 2 y b ) dy 0 2( 3 b
2b
1 a3 1 7 = ( y b) 6 3b 7 b =
1 3 ab 21 Iy = 1 3 ab 21
Have At or At or Then
y = kx 2 + c
x = 0, y = b :
c=b
b = k ( 0) + c
x = 2a, y = 0:
0 = k ( 2a ) + b
k = y =
=
b 4a 2
b 2 x +b 4a 2
b 4a 2 x 2 4a 2
) ( )
Then
I y = x 2dA, I y = a x 2dA =
2a
dA = ydx =
b 4a 2 x 2 dx 4a 2
b 2a 2 2 2 x 4a x dx 4a 2 a
2a
b 2 x3 x5 = 4a 3 5 a 4a 2
=
b b 8a3 a3 32a5 a5 2 3 20a
7a3b 31a3b 3 20
Iy =
47 3 ab 60
First note: Have
y =
b2 b1 x + b1 a
I x = y 2dA =
b2 b1 x + b1 a a 0 0
y 2d ydx
3
1 a b b1 = 0 2 x + b1 dx 3 a
4 1 1 a b2 b1 = x + b1 3 4 b2 b1 a a
= = =
1 a 4 b2 b14 12 b2 b1
) ( )
1 2 a ( b1 + b2 ) b12 + b2 12
1 a ( b2 + b1 )( b2 b1 ) b22 + b12 12 b2 b1
1 2 a ( b1 + b2 ) b12 + b2 12
)
Ix =
SOLUTION
At x = a, y = b : b = ka 2 or k =
b a2
5
y =
b a
5 2
x2
I x = y 2dA =
2 0 y b
dA = xdy
2 y 5 dy b
2 5
5 17 = 2 y5 17 5 b
5a b 5 = 2 17 b 5
17
or I x =
5 3 ab 17
First note: or At x = 0: 0 = k ( b + c )
2
c = b
At x = a : a = k ( 2b b )
2
or
k = x=
a b2 a 2 y b) 2( b
Have
I x = y 2dA
= = = =
a 2 y b) 2b b 2 ( 0 b
y 2dxdy
a 2b 2 2 y ( y b ) dy 2 b b
a 2b 4 y 2by 3 + b 2 y 2 dy 2 b b
a 1 5 1 4 1 2 3 y by + b y 2 3 b2 5 b
2b
a 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 5 4 3 1 5 1 4 ( 2b ) ( 2b ) + b ( 2b ) b b b + b b 5 2 3 5 2 3 b2
( )
( )
8 1 1 1 32 = ab3 8+ + 3 5 2 3 5
=
31 3 ab 30 Ix = 31 3 ab 30
Have At or At or Then Now
y = kx 2 + c x = 0, y = b: b = k (0) + c
c=b
x = 2a, y = 0: 0 = k (2a) 2 + b
k = y = dI x =
=
b 4a 2
b 4a 2 x 2 4a 2
1 3 y dx 3
3 1 b3 4a 2 x 2 dx 6 3 64a
continued
Then
I x = dI x
=
3 1 b3 2 a 4a 2 x 2 dx 6 a 3 64a
b3 2a 64a 6 48a 4 x 2 + 12a 2 x 4 x 6 dx 6 a 192a
b3 12 2 5 x 7 6 4 3 64 a x 16 a x a x = + 5 7 a 192a 6
=
b3 64a 7( 2 1) 16a 7 ( 8 1) 192a 6
2a
12 7 1 a ( 32 1) (128 1) 5 7
ab3 372 127 3 64 112 + = 0.043006ab 192 5 7
I x = 0.0430ab3
x2 y2 + =1 a 2 b2
x = a 1
y2 b2
dA = xdy dI x = y 2dA = y 2 xdy
I x = dI x = b xy 2dy = a b y 2 1
Set: y = b sin
y2 dy b2
dy = b cos d
I x = a 2 b 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 b cos d

2
= ab3 2 sin 2 cos 2 d = ab3 2

2
1 2 sin 2 d 4
1 1 1 1 2 = ab3 2 (1 cos 4 ) d = ab3 sin 4 2 4 8 4

2
1 3 3 ab = ab 8 2 2 8
Ix =
1 ab3 8
At or Then or
x = 2a, y = b:
k = x=
y =
2a = kb3
2a b3 2a 3 y b3
b
( 2a )
1 3
x3
Now
dI x =
1 3 1 b3 y dx = xdx 3 3 2a
2a
Then
1 b3 2 a 1 b3 1 2 I x = dI x = xdx x = 3 2a a 6 a 2 a
=
b3 4a 2 a 2 12a
)
Ix = 1 3 ab 4

First note: or Have
a At x = a : b = k 1 e a
k =
b 1 e1
I x = y 2dA
b
= =
a 1 e 0 0
x 1 e a
y 2dydx
3
x 1 b a 1 ea dx 1 0 31 e
x 2 x 3 x 1 b a 1 3e a + 3e a e a dx 1 0 31 e
x 1 b a 2 x a 3x x 3( a ) e a + 3 e a e a = 1 31 e 2 3 0
1 b 1 1 = a + 3ae1 1.5ae2 + ae 3 3a 1.5a + a 1 3 1 e 3 3
1 ab3 3 1 e 1
11 1.91723 6
= 0.1107ab3
I x = 0.1107ab3

x2 y2 + =1 a 2 b2
y = b 1
x2 a2
dA = 2 ydx
dI y = x 2dA = 2 x 2 ydx
I y = dI y = 0 2 x 2 ydx = 2b 0 x 2 1
Set:
a a
x2 dx a2
x = a sin
dx = a cos d
I y = 2b 02 a 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 a cos d
= 2a b sin cos d = 2a b 02
2 0
1 2 sin 2 d 4
1 1 1 1 2 = a3b 02 (1 cos 4 ) d = a3b sin 4 2 2 4 4 0
1 3 a b 0 = a3b 4 2 8
Iy = 1 3 a b 8
At Then
x = 2a, y = b : 2a = kb3
x=
y =
2a 3 y b3
b
or
( 2a )
1 3
x3
Now Then
I y = x 2dA
I y = a x2
2a
dA = ydx
b x 3 dx
1
( 2a )
1 3
( 2a )
b
1 3
2a a x 3 dx
( 2a ) 3
3b
3 10 x3 10
2a
10 ( 2a )
1 3
10 2a 10 3 a3 ( )
10 3ba3 10 2 3 13 1 3 10 ( 2 )
= 2.1619a3b
or I y = 2.16a3b

First note: or Have
a At x = a : b = k 1 e a
k =
b 1 e1
I y = x 2dA
b
= =
a 1 e 0 0
x 1 e a
2 x d ydx
x
1 e a dx 0 x 1 e1
a
a 2
x 2 b 1 3 e a 1 2 1 x x 2 x 2 = + 3 a a 1 e1 3 1 a 0 =
2 b a 1 3 3 1 a 3 + + 2 + 2 a a e 2 1 a a 2 3 a 1 e
a3b 1 + 5e 1 2 1 1 e 3
= 0.273 a3b
I y = 0.273 a3b
At or Then and
x = a, y = b:
b = k1a 4
b = k2a 4
k1 = y1 = x1 = b 4 x a4 a b
1 4
b a4 y2 =
k2 = b
1 4
b a4
1
y4
a a x2 = 4 y 4 b
x4
Now
A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b
a
a 0
x1 4 a
1 4
x4 dx a4
4 x5 4 1 x5 = 3 ab = b 4 5 5 5 a1 a 4 0
Then
I x = y 2dA
dA = ( x1 x2 ) dy
a 1 a b I x = 0 y 2 1 y 4 4 y 4 dy 4 b b
4 y 13 4 1 y7 = a 7 b4 13 b 1 4 0
b
1 4 = ab3 13 7
or I x =
15 3 ab 91
Now
kx =
Ix = A
15 3 ab 91 = 3 ab 5
25 2 b = 0.52414b 91
or k x = 0.524b

First note:
At x = a :
or Straight line:
2b = k a
k=
y1 =
2b a
b x a
y2 =
2b a
Now:
b a 2b 1 A = 2 0 x 2 x dx a a
3 4 x2 1 2 = 2b x 3 a 2a 0
=
Have
5 ab 3
I x = y 2dA
= 2
2b 2 x a a 0 bx a
y 2dydx
2 a 8b3 3 b3 3 2 x x dx 3 3 0 a3 a2
a
2b3 2 8 5 1 = 3 x 2 3 x4 3 4a 5 a2 0
Ix =
And
59 3 ab 30
kx =
Ix A
59 3 ab 30 5 ab 3
k x = 1.086 b
= b 1.18

At or Then x = a, y = b: b = k1a 4 b = k2a 4
1
k1 = y1 = b 4 x a4
b a4 and
k2 =
b a4 y2 = b a
1 4 1 1
x4
Now
A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = b
a
a 0
x1 4 a
1 4
x4 dx a4
4 x5 4 1 x5 = 3 ab = b 1 4 5 5 a4 5 a 0
Now Then
I y = x 2dA
dA = ( y2 y1 ) dx
b 1 b a I y = 0 x 2 1 x 4 4 x 4 dx 4 a a
= b
a 0
x9 4 a
1 4
x6 dx a4
a
4 x 13 4 1 x7 = b 7 a4 13 a 1 4 0
1 4 = b a3 a3 7 13
or I y =
Iy A 15 3 ab 91 = 3 ab 5
15 3 ab 91
Now
ky =
25 a = 0.52414a 91
or k y = 0.524a

First note:
At x = a :
or
2b = k a
k=
y1 =
2b a
b x a
y2 =
2b a
Straight line:
Now:
b a 2b 1 A = 2 0 x 2 x dx a a
3 4 x2 1 2 = 2b x 3 a 2a 0
=
Have
5 ab 3
I y = x 2dA
= 2
2b 2 x a a b 0 x a
x 2dydx
2b 1 b a x 2 x dx = 2 0 x 2 a a
7 2 x2 1 x4 = 2b 2 7 a 4 a
9 3 ab 14
Iy =
9 3 ab 14
continued
And
ky =
Iy A
9 3 ab 14 5 ab 3
=a
27 70
k y = 0.621 a

First note: At x = 0: b = c cos ( 0 ) or
c=b
At x = 2a : b = b sin k ( 2a )
or
2ka = k=
4a
Then
2a A = a b sin x b cos x dx 4a 4a
4a 4a = b cos x sin x 4a 4a a
= =
Have
2a
4ab 1 1 + (1) 2 2
4ab
2 1
I x = y 2dA
= a =
2 a b sin 4a x b cos
4a
y 2dydx
1 2a 3 3 3 3 b sin 4a x b cos 4a x dx 3 a
2a
b3 4a 1 4a 4a 1 4a 3 x+ cos3 x sin x sin x = cos 3 4a 3 4a 4a 3 4a a

= = 4ab3 1 + 3
3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
4ab3 5 2 2 3 6 3
continued
Ix =
2 ab3 5 2 4 9
)
I x = 0.217 ab3
= 0.217 ab3
And
kx =
Ix A
2 ab3 5 2 4 9 4 ab 2 1
( (
)
k x = 0.642 b
= 0.642 b

First note: At x = 0: b = c cos ( 0 ) or
c=b
At x = 2a : b = b sin k ( 2a )
or
2ka = k=
4a
Then
2a A = a b sin x b cos x dx 4a 4a
4a 4a = b cos x sin x 4a 4a a
=
2a
4ab 1 1 + (1) 2 2
=
Have
4ab
2 1
I y = x 2dA
=
2 a b sin 4a x 2 x dydx a b cos x 4a
2a 2 a x b sin 4a x b cos 4a x dx
continued
2 2 x 2x = b + sin x cos x cos x 2 3 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a

2 2x 2 x cos x sin x sin x + 3 2 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a a
2a
64a3b 2 2 Iy = sin x cos x x sin x cos x 2 x + + 4a 4a 2a 4a 4a 3 16a 2 a
2a
64a3b 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 + + ( )( ) ( ) 3 4 16 2 2
= 1.48228a3b
And
I y = 1.482a3b
ky =
Iy A
1.48228a3b 4ab 2 1
)
k y = 1.676a
= 1.676a

1 3 a dx 3
1 3 a a3 2 a a dx = ( 2a ) = a 4 3 3 3
(a)
dI x =
Ix =
dI y = x 2dA = x 2adx
I y = a
a 2 x dx a
x3 2 = a = a4 3 a 3
JO = 4 4 a 3
JO = I x + I y =
2 4 2 4 a + a 3 3
JO =
(b)
2 kO A
4 4 a JO 2 k = = 3 2 = a2 A 3 2a
2
kO = a
2 3
dI x =
Ix =
1 3 a dx 12
a 3 2a a 3 2a 1 4 dx = [ x] = 6 a 12 0 12 0
dI y = x 2dA = x 2 ( adx )
I y = a
2a 2 x dx 0
x3 8 = a = a4 3 3 0
2a
JO = I x + I y =
1 4 8 4 17 4 a + a = a 6 3 6
JO =
17 4 a 6
17 12
2 J O = kO A
17 4 a J 17 2 2 kO a = O = 6 2 = A 12 2a
kO = a

Have: A = ( 2a )( 3b )
1 ( 2a )( b ) 2
= 5ab
Have: Where:
JP = Ix + I y
I x = y 2dA
= 2 0
a 2b b x a
y 2dydx
3 2 a 3 b 2 b x ( ) a dx 3 0
a
2 x4 8 x = b3 + 3 4a 3
=
And
11 3 ab 2
I y = x 2dA
= 2 0
a 2b 2 b x dydx x a
a b = 2 0 x 2 2b x dx a
1 4 2 = 2b x3 + x 4a 0 3
=
11 3 ab 6
continued
Then:
JP =
11 3 11 3 ab + a b 2 6
JP = 11 ab a 2 + 3b 2 6
Also:
kP =
JP A
11 ab a 2 + 3b 2 6 5ab
)
kP = 11 2 a + 3b 2 30
y1 :
At
x = a,
y = 2b: 2b = ma
m= y1 = 2b a 2b x a
c=b
or Then
y2 :
At
x = 0, y = b: b = k ( 0 ) + c or x = a, y = 2b: 2b = ka 2 + b
k = y2 = b a2
At or Then Now
b 2 b x + b = 2 x2 + a2 a2 a
2b a b A = ( y2 y1 ) dx = 0 2 x 2 + a 2 x dx a a
b 1 b = 2 x3 + a 2 x x 2 a 0 a 3
=
Now
1 b 1 3 b a + a3 a 2 = ab 2 3 a 3 a
a
I y = x 2dA = 0 x 2 ( y2 y1 ) dx =
a 2 2 2 0 x a2 ( x + a ) a
2b x dx
a
b 1 1 2b x 4 = 2 x5 + a 2 x3 3 a 5 a 4 0
=
b a5 1 5 2b a 4 1 3 + a = ab 2 3 a 4 30 a 5
continued
And
1 3 1 3 I x = dI x = y2 y1 dx 3 3
= 1 a b3 2 x + a2 0 6 3 a
8b3 3 x dx a3
1 b3 a 1 6 4 2 2 4 6 3 a3 x + 3x a + 3x a + a 8x dx 3 a3 0
1 b3 1 x 7 3 2 5 3 4 3 8 4 6 Ix = a x a x a x + + + 3 3 7 4x 3a 5 3 a 0
=
1 b3 1 a 7 3 7 26 3 + a + a7 + a7 2a 4 = ab 3 3 3a 5 a 7 105
JP = Ix + I y = 26 3 1 3 ab + ab 105 30
or J P =
Finally
ab 7a 2 + 52b 2 210
And
kP =
JP = A
ab 7a 2 + 52b 2 210 1 ab 3
or k P =
)
7a 2 + 52b 2 70

First note: x = r 2 y2
JP = Ix + I y
r r 2 y2
I x = y 2dA = 2 r 0
2
y 2dxdy
= 2 r y 2 r 2 y 2 dy
2
Let Then Thus Now
y = r sin dy = r cos d ;
y = r:
y=
r : 2
I x = 2 2 r 2 sin 2 ( r cos )( r cos d )

6
sin 2 = 2sin cos

Ix = 1 4 r 2 sin 2 2 d 2 6
thus
sin 2 cos 2 =
1 2 sin 2 4
1 sin 4 = r4 2 2 8 = =
1 4 1 3 + r 2 2 4 12 8 3 r4 + 4 3 8
r r 2 y2
2
I y = x 2dA = 2 r 0
=
x 2dxdy
2 r 2 2 r r y 2 dy 3 2
continued
Let Then
y = r sin
Iy = 2 3 3 2 r cos 3 6
) ( r cos d ) )
1 2 sin 2 4
Now
cos 4 = cos 2 1 sin 2 = cos 2
Thus
Iy =
2 4 1 r 2 cos 2 sin 2 2 d 3 4 6
2 sin 2 1 sin 4 2 = r 4 + 3 2 4 4 2 8
6
1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 r + + 3 2 4 6 4 4 2 2 4 2 6 2
r4 3 3 4 8 3 r4 3 r4 3 3 + + 8 4 8 3 4 3
Then
JP =
r4 8 3 3 48
)
J P = 0.415r 4
Now
A = 2 r xdy
2
= r r 2 y 2 dy
2
continued
Let
y = r sin
A = 22 ( r cos )( r cos d )
6
sin 2 2 = 2r + 4 2
6
1 3 = r2 2 6 2 2
=
Have
r2 4 3 3 12
kP =
JP A
r4 8 3 3 48 r2 4 3 3 12
( (
) )
k P = 0.822 r
(a) Have Where
J O I 0 = r 2dA
dA =
R 3 J O = R 2 r 2 1 2
3 rdr 2
Then
r dr
3 4 2 3 4 r = R2 R14 8 8 R1
)
3 4 R2 R14 8
JO =
(b) Now By inspection so that Similarly,
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
( I x )1 = ( I x )2 = ( I x )3
I x = 3 ( I x )1
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 = 3 ( I y )1
( I x )1 = ( I y )1
Ix = I y JO = I x + I y
Symmetry implies Then Now Then
Ix = I y =
JO 3 4 = R2 R14 2 16
)
3 4 R2 R14 16
or I x = I y =

(a) From Problem 9.25 And
JO = A = dA = R 2 1
R
3 4 R2 R14 8
) ( )
( ) )
3 3 2 rdr = R2 R12 2 4
Then
3 4 2 2 R2 R14 R2 + R12 R2 R12 J 1 2 2 O 8 kO = = = = R2 + R12 2 2 3 2 A 2 2 R R 2 2 1 R2 R1 4
( (
) ( )
)(
Now Then
Rm =
1 ( R1 + R2 ) 2
and
t = R2 R1
R2 = Rm +
2 kO =
t 2
2
and
R1 = Rm
2
t 2
And
1 t t Rm + + Rm 2 2 2
1 2 + t2 = Rm 4
For Or
R1, R2
2 kO
2 Rm
kO
Rm
(b) Have
R kO % error = m 100% = kO
Rm
2 Rm +
2 Rm +
2
1 2 t 4
1 2 t 4 100%
1 1+
1 t 4 Rm
2
1 t 1+ 4 Rm
100%
continued
Then
t = 1: % error = Rm
1 1+ 1+ 1 4
1 4 100%
or % error = 10.56%
t 1 = : % error = Rm 4
1 1+
11 44
2
11 1+ 4 4
100%
or % error = 0.772%
1 t = : % error = Rm 16
1 1 1 1+ 4 16 1+ 1 1 4 16
2
100%
or % error = 0.0488%
Have:
A = 2 04 0
a cos 2
rdrd
= 04 a 2 cos 2 2 d
sin 4 4 =a + 8 0 2
=
Have:
a2
J O = r 2dA
= 2 04 0
a cos 2
r 2 ( rdrd )
1 = 04 a 4 cos 4 2 d 2
Now:
cos 4 2 = cos 2 2 1 sin 2 2
= cos 2 2
1 2 sin 4 4
Then:
1 1 J O = a 4 04 cos 2 2 sin 2 4 d 2 4
1 sin 4 1 sin 8 = a 4 + 2 2 8 4 2 16 4 0
1 4 1 a 4 4 4 4
JO =
3 4 a 64
continued
And:
kO =
JO A
3 4 a 64
a2
kO = a 6 4

h x b 2
By observation
y =
b y 2h
or Now And Then
x=
b dA = xdy = 2h
dI x = y 2dA =
y dy
b 3 y dy 2h
h
I x = dI x = 2 0
b 3 y dy 2h
b y4 = h 4
From above Now
=
0
1 3 bh 4
y =
2h x b
2h dA = ( h y ) dx = h x dx b
=
h ( b 2 x ) dx b h ( b 2 x ) dx b
h 2 x ( b 2 x ) dx b
b
And
dI y = x 2dA = x 2
b
Then
I y = dI y = 2 02
h 1 1 2 = 2 bx3 x 4 b 3 2 0
3 4 h b b 1b 1 3 bh =2 = b 2 2 3 2 48
continued
Now
JO = I x + I y =
1 3 1 3 bh + bh 4 48
or J O =
bh 12h 2 + b 2 J 1 2 48 O kO = 12h 2 + b 2 = = 1 A 24 bh 2
bh 12h 2 + b 2 48
And
)
or kO = 12h 2 + b 2 24
First the circular area is divided into an increasing number of identical circular sectors. The sectors can be approximated by isosceles triangles. For a large number of sectors the approximate dimensions of one of the isosceles triangles are as shown. For an isosceles triangle (see Problem 9.28)
JO =
Then with
bh 12h 2 + b 2 48
b = r
and
h=r
( J O )sector
=
1 12r 2 + ( r )2 ( r )( r ) 48 1 4 r 12 + 2 48
Now
dJ O sector d
J O sector 2 1 4 = lim 12 + ( ) = lim r 0 0 48

=
1 4 r 4
= dJ O sector =
2 2 4 4 0 4 r d = 4 r [ ]0
Then
( J O )circle
or ( J O )circle =
r4
From the solution to sample Problem 9.2, the centroidal polar moment of inertia of a circular area is
( J C )cir
The area of the circle is
r4
Acir = r 2
So that
A2 J A = ( ) C cir 2
Two methods of solution will be presented. However, both methods depend upon the observation that as a given element of area dA is moved closer to some point C, The value of J C will be decreased ( J C = r 2dA ; as r decreases, so must J C ). Solution 1 Imagine taking the area A and drawing it into a thin strip of negligible width and of sufficient length so that its area is equal to A. To minimize the value of ( J C ) A , the area would have to be distributed as closely as possible about C. This is accomplished by winding the strip into a tightly wound roll with C as its center; any voids in the roll would place the corresponding area farther from C than is necessary, thus increasing the value of ( J C ) A . (The process is analogous to rewinding a length of tape back into a roll.) Since the shape of the roll is circular, with the centroid of its area at C, it follows that
( JC ) A
A2 Q.E.D. 2
where the equality applies when the original area is circular.

continued
Solution 2 Consider an area A, with its centroid at point C, and a circular area of area A, with its center (and centroid) at point C. Without loss of generality, assume that
A1 = A2 A3 = A4
It then follows that
( J C ) A = ( J C )cir
Now observe that
J C ( A1 ) J C ( A2 ) + J C ( A3 ) J C ( A4 ) +
J C ( A1 ) J C ( A2 ) 0 J C ( A3 ) J C ( A4 ) 0
since as a given area is moved farther away from C its polar moment of inertia with respect to C must increase.
( J C ) A ( J C )cir
or
( JC ) A
A2 Q.E.D. 2
2 Area: A = 2 (10 mm )( 40 mm ) + ( 90 mm )(10 mm ) = 1700 mm
Part
I x = I x + Ad 2 =
1 (10 mm )( 40 mm )3 + (10 mm )( 40 mm )( 25 mm )2 12
= 303.3 103 mm 4
Part Part : :
Ix = Ix =
1 ( 90 mm )(10 mm )3 = 7.50 103 mm 4 12

) I x = 303.3 103 mm 4
(Same as Part
Thus for entire area:
I x = ( 303.3 + 7.50 + 303.3) 103 = 614.2 103 mm 4
I x = 614 103 mm 4
2 kx =
Ix 614.2 103 mm 4 = = 361.27 mm 2 2 A 1700 mm

k x = 19.01 mm
Have
A = A1 A2 A3
2 = (12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in
= 64 in 2
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
Have
1 3 3 3 1 1 = (12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in 4 12 12 12
= ( 512 26.667 36 ) in 4 = 449.33 in 4

I x = 449 in 4
And
kx =
Ix A
449.33 in 4 64 in 2
= 2.65 in.
k x = 2.65 in.
Area: Part : I y = I y + Ad 2 =
2 A = 2 (10 mm )( 40 mm ) + ( 90 mm )(10 mm ) = 1700 mm
1 ( 40 mm )(10 mm )3 + ( 40 mm )(10 mm )( 40 mm )2 12
= 643.3 103 mm 4
Part Part : Iy = Iy =
1 (10 mm )( 90 mm )3 = 607.5 103 mm 4 12

) I y = 643.3 103 mm 4
: (Same as Part
Thus for entire area:
I y = ( 643.3 + 607.5 + 643.3) 103 mm 4
= 1.894 106 mm 4
2 ky =
I y = 1.894 106 mm 4
Iy A
1.894 106 mm 4 = 1114.2 mm 2 2 1700 mm
k y = 33.4 mm
Have
A = A1 A2 A3
(12 )( 8 ) ( 5 )( 4 ) ( 2 )( 6 ) in 2 =
= 64 in 2
Have
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
2 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 = ( 8 )(12 ) ( 4 )( 5 ) + 20 ( 6 )( 2 ) + 12 ( 4 ) in 4 12 2 12 12
4 = (1152 ) ( 41.667 + 5 ) ( 4 + 192 ) in
= 909.33 in 4
And
I y = 909 in 4
ky =
Iy A
909.33 in 4 64 in 2 = 3.77 in.

k y = 3.77 in.
Have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
3 3 1 1 = ( 2a )( 4a ) + ( a )( 3a ) 3 3
2 2 4a 4a + a 4 a 2 + a 2 3a + 4 3 3 16 4
4 9 4 4 128 4 27 4 a + a + a = + +2+ 3 3 16 9 4 9 161 37 4 4 = + a = 60.9316a 16 3

or I x = 60.9a 4 Also
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
3 3 1 1 = ( 4a )( 2a ) + ( 3a )( a ) + a 4 3 3 16
32 = + 1 + a 4 = 11.8630a 4 16 3
or I y = 11.86a 4
Have
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
3 1 = ( 3a )( 2a ) a 4 a 4 12 8 8
= 2 a4 = 2 a4 8 8 4
or I x = 1.215a 4 Also
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
2 1 3 a = ( 2a )( 3a ) + ( 3a )( 2a ) 2 12
2 2 4a 4a a 4 a 2 + a 2 2a 8 2 3 2 3
2 2 4a 4a a4 a2 + a2 a 8 2 3 2 3
8 8 8 4 9 3 = + a4 + 2 + a 3 9 2 2 8 9 8 4 8 + + 2 3 9 8 9
= 1.3606a 4
or I y = 1.361a 4
11 4 a = 10 4
4 a
I AA = 2.2 106 mm 4 = I + A ( 25 mm )
I BB = 4 106 mm 4 = I + A ( 35 mm )
2
I BB I AA = ( 4 2.2 ) 106 = A 352 252
)
1.8 106 = A ( 600 )
A = 3000 mm 2
Then
I AA = 2.2 106 mm 4 = I + 3000 mm 2 ( 25 mm )
I = 325 103 mm 4
I = 325 103 mm 4

Given: A = 6000 mm 2
I AA = 18 106 mm 4 = I + 6000 mm 2 ( 50 mm )
I = 3 106 mm 4
I BB = I + Ad 2 = 3 106 mm 4 + 6000 mm 2 ( 60 mm )
= 24.6 106 mm 4
I BB = 24.6 106 mm 4

Have
J A = J C + Ad12
2 J B = JC + A d2 + a2
d1 = 2a
Then
J A JB
( = A ( 3a
) )
( )
a = 1.500 in.
2 d2
Substituting
2 2 256 in 4 190 in 4 = 24 in 2 3a ( 2 in.)
And
2 256 in 4 = J C + 24 in 2 4 (1.500 in.)
J C = 40.0 in 4

Have
J A = J C + Ad12
2 J B = JC + A d2 + a2
) ( )
(a) Then or
J B = 3 J A; d1 = d 2 = 2.5 in.
3 J C + Ad12 = J C + A d12 + a 2
a2 = 2
JC + 2d12 A
52.5 in 4 2 = 2 + 2.5 in. ( ) 2 30 in
a = 4.00 in.
(b) Have
2 2 J B = 52.5 in 4 + 30 in 2 2.5 in ) + ( 4.00 in.) (
J B = 720 in 4

Determination of centroid: y = 0 by symmetry. Part 1 2 3
( )
2
Area
3 ( 0.75 ) = 2.25 3 ( 0.75 ) = 2.25 9.00
x ( in.)
1.5 0.375 1.5
xA in 3 3.375
1.6875 3.375 8.4375
( )
6 ( 0.75 ) = 4.50
x =
Determination of I x : Part : Ix =
xA 8.4375 in 3 = = 0.9375 in. 9.00 in 2
1 ( 3 in.)( 0.75 in.)3 + ( 3 in.)( 0.75 in.)( 3.375 in.)2 = 25.734 in 4 12 1 Part : I x = ( 0.75 in.)( 6 in.)3 = 13.50 in 4 12
Part : (Same as Part ) I x = 25.734 in 4
Entire Section: I x = ( 25.734 + 13.50 + 25.734 ) in 4
= 64.97 in 4
Determination of I y : Part : Iy =
I x = 65.0 in 4
2 1 (1.5 0.9375) in. ( 0.75 in.)( 3 in.)3 + ( 0.75 in.)( 3 in.) 12
= 2.3994 in 4
Part : Iy =
2 1 ( 0.9375 0.375) in. ( 6 in.)( 0.75 in.)3 + ( 6 in.)( 0.75 in.) 12
= 1.6348 in 4
Part : (Same as Part ) I y = 2.3994 in 4 Entire Section: I y = ( 2.3994 + 1.6348 + 2.3994 ) in 4
= 6.434 in 4
I y = 6.43 in 4

Locate centroid
y1 = 52.5 mm A1 = ( 84 mm )(105 mm )
= 8820 mm 2
y2 = 90 mm A2 =
1 ( 42 mm )( 45 mm ) 2
= 945 mm 2
Then
y =
yi Ai Ai
( 52.5 mm ) (8820 mm 2 ) + ( 90 mm ) ( 945 mm 2 )

8820 mm 2 945 mm 2
= 48.0 mm
Have
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2
3 2 1 = ( 84 mm )(105 mm ) + 8820 mm 2 ( 52.5 mm 48.0 mm ) 12
3 2 1 ( 42 mm )( 45 mm ) + 945 mm 2 ( 90.0 mm 48.0 mm ) 36
( 8103375 + 178605 ) (106312.5 + 1666980 ) mm 4 =
I x = 6.51 106 mm 4
And I y = I y
( )1 ( I y )2
3 3 1 1 = (105 mm )( 84 mm ) 2 ( 45 mm )( 21 mm ) 12 12
5186160 2 ( 34728.75 ) mm 4 = I y = 5.12 106 mm 4

Locate centroid:
x1 = 8 in. y1 = 3 in. A1 = (16 )( 6 ) = 96 in 2 x2 = 1.5 in. y2 = 2 in. A2 = ( 3)( 4 ) = 12 in 2 x3 = 14 in. y3 = 5.25 in. A3 = ( 4 )(10.5 ) = 42 in 2
x =
xA
8 ( 96 ) 1.5 (12 ) + 14 ( 42 ) in 3 = = 8.92 in. ( 96 + 12 + 42 ) in 2
y =
yA A
I x = I x1 + I x2 + I x3
( ) ( ) ( )
3 ( 96 ) + 2 (12 ) 5.25 ( 42 ) in 3 = = 0.610 in. ( 96 + 12 + 42 ) in 2
3 2 3 2 1 1 = (16 )( 6 ) + ( 96 )( 3 0.610 ) in 4 + ( 3)( 4 ) + (12 )( 2 0.610 ) in 4 12 12 3 2 1 + ( 4 )(10.5 ) + ( 42 )( 5.25 0.610 ) in 4 12
4 = ( 288 + 548.36 ) + (16 + 23.185 ) + ( 385.875 + 1442.26 ) in
= 2703.7 in 4
I x = 2700 in 4
I y = I y1 + I y2 + I y3
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 1 1 = ( 6 )(16 ) + ( 96 )( 8 8.92 ) in 4 + ( 4 )( 3) + (12 )( 1.5 8.92 ) in 4 12 12
3 2 1 + (10.5 )( 4 ) + ( 42 )(14 8.92 ) in 4 12
( 2048 + 81.254 ) + ( 9 + 1302.92 ) + ( 56 + 1083.87 ) in 4 =

= 4581.0 in 4
I y = 4580 in 4

Locate centroid:
x1 = 20 mm y1 = 45 mm A1 = ( 40 mm )( 90 mm )
= 3600 mm 2
x2 = 50 mm y2 = 51 mm A2 =
= 720 mm 2
1 ( 48 mm )( 30 mm ) 2
Then
x =
=
xi Ai i
( 20 mm ) ( 3600 mm 2 ) + ( 50 mm ) ( 720 mm 2 )
3600 mm 2 + 720 mm 2
= 25.0 mm And
y =
yi Ai Ai
( 45 mm ) ( 3600 mm 2 ) + ( 51 mm ) ( 720 mm 2 )
3600 mm 2 + 720 mm 2
= 46.0 mm Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
3 2 1 = ( 40 mm )( 90 mm ) + 3600 mm 2 (1 mm ) 12
1 3 2 1 + ( 30 mm )( 24 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 59 mm 46.0 mm ) 2 36
1 3 2 1 + ( 30 mm )( 24 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 46.0 mm 43 mm ) 2 36
= 2.430 106 + 3600 + 11.520 103 + 60.840 103 + 11.520 103 + 3240 mm 4
) (
) (
I x = 2.52 106 mm 4
continued
And
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2
3 2 1 = ( 90 mm )( 40 mm ) + 3600 mm 2 ( 5 mm ) 12
3 2 1 + ( 48 mm )( 30 mm ) + 720 mm 2 ( 25 mm ) 36
= 480 103 + 90 103 + 36 103 + 450 103 mm 4
) (
I y = 1.056 106 mm 4
Dimensions in mm Determination of centroid, C: Par t 1 2
Area mm 2
y mm
yA mm3
170.67 103
48.0 103
y =
1 (160 )(80 ) = 6400 2
80 3
20
1 (80 )( 60 ) = 24 2
4000
yA 122.67 103 mm 3 = 4000 mm 2 = 30.667 mm
122.67 103
(a) Polar moment of inertia with respect to point O, J O : Part :
Ix =
1 (160 mm )(80 mm )3 = 6.8267 106 mm 4 12
3 1 I y = 2 ( 80 mm )( 80 mm ) = 6.8267 106 mm 4 12
J O = I x + I y = ( 6.8267 + 6.8267 ) 106 = 13.653 106 mm 4

Part :
Ix =
1 (80 mm )( 60 mm )3 = 1.440 106 mm 4 12
3 1 I y = 2 ( 60 mm )( 40 mm ) = 0.640 106 mm 4 12
J O = I x + I y = (1.440 + 0.640 ) 106 = 2.080 106 mm 4
continued
Entire Section:
13.653 106 2.080 106 mm 4 J O = J O1 J O2 =

= 11.573 106 mm 4 (b) Polar moment of inertia with respect to centroid, J C :
( ) ( )
J O = 11.57 106 mm 4
J O = J C + Ay 2
11.573 106 mm 4 = J C + 4000 mm 2 ( 30.667 mm )
J C = 7.8116 106 mm 4
J C = 7.81 106 mm 4

Locate centroid: By symmetry, y = 0
x1 = 0
A1 = (100 mm )( 60 mm ) = 6000 mm 2
x2 =
4 ( 45 mm ) 3
60
mm
A2 =
All dimensions in mm
( 45mm )2 = 1012.5
3
mm 2
x3 =
4 ( 30 mm )
40
mm
A3 =
( 30 mm )2 = 450
mm 2
60 40 0 ( 6000 ) + mm 3 ( 1012.5 ) ( 450 ) xA x= = = 2.9990 mm A ( 6000 1012.5 450 ) mm 2

(a) Have
J O = ( J O )1 ( J O )2 ( J O )3
4 4 1 1 1 = (100 )( 60 ) 1002 + 602 mm 4 ( 45 ) mm 4 ( 30 ) mm 4 4 4 4
= 20 400 000 1 025 156 202 500 mm 4 = 60232000 mm 4

or (b) Have With
J O = 60.2 106 mm 4
J O = J C + Ax 2
A = ( 6000 1012.5 450 ) mm 2
= 4537.5 mm 2
Then
J C = 60 232 000 mm 4 4537.5 mm 2 ( 2.9990 mm ) = 60 232 000 mm 4 128209 mm 4 = 60 104 000 mm 4
or
J C = 60.1 106 mm 4

Locate centroid:
A1 = (16 )( 2.3) = 36.8 in 2
x1 = 4 in. x2 = 4 in. x3 = 2 in.
y1 = 1.15 in. y2 = 3.2 in. y3 = 1.6 in.
A2 =
1 (12 )( 9.6 ) = 57.6 in 2 2 1 A3 = ( 6 )( 4.8 ) = 14.4 in 2 2
x=
y=
(a) Have
3 3 4 ( 36.8 ) + 4 ( 57.6 ) + 2 ( 14.4 ) xA in = 348.8 in = 4.360 in. = A 80 in 2 ( 36.8 + 57.6 14.4 ) in 2

3 3 1.15 ( 36.8 ) + 3.2 ( 57.6 ) + 1.6 ( 14.4 ) yA in = 118.96 in = 1.487 in. = 2 2 A 80 in 80 in
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 ( I x )3
=
1 1 1 (16 )( 2.3)3 in 4 + (12 )( 9.6 )3 in 4 ( 6 )( 4.8)3 in 4 3 12 12
= 64.891 in 4 + 884.736 in 4 55.296 in 4 = 894.33 in 4
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 ( I y )3
1 1 3 2 3 3 1 = ( 2.3)(16 ) + 2.3 (16 )( 4 ) in 4 + ( 9.6 )(12 ) in 4 ( 4.8 )( 6 ) in 4 12 12 12 = 1373.87 in 4 + 1382.4 in 4 86.4 in 4 = 2669.9 in 4
Now
J O = I x + I y = 894.33 in 4 + 2669.9 in 4 = 3564.2 in 4
J O = 3560 in 4
where
(b)
Have Then
J O = J C + Ad 2
d2 = x2 + y2
J C = 3564.2 in 4 80 in 2 ( 4.360 in.)2 + (1.487 in.)2
= 3564.2 in 4 1697.66 in 4 = 1866.54 in 4
J C = 1867 in 4
Locate centroid:
y1 =
4 (12 in.) 3
A1 =
(12 in )2
16
in.
= 72 in 2
y2 = 4 in.
A2 = (12 in.)( 8 in.)

= 96 in 2
Then
y =
yi Ai i
16 2 2 in. 72 in + ( 4 in.) 96 in = 72 in 2 96 in 2
= 5.8989 in.
(a) Have Where
JO = I x + I y
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2
1 4 3 = (12 in.) (12 in.)( 8 in.) 3 8 = 6095.0 in 4

And
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2
1 4 3 = (12 in.) ( 8 in.)(12 in.) 12 8 = 6991.0 in 4
Then
J O = ( 6095.0 + 6991.0 ) in 4
= 13086.0 in 4
(b) Have
J O = 13.09 103 in 4
J O = J C + Ay 2
2 2 13086.0 in 4 = J C + ( 72 96 ) in ( 5.8989 in.)
J C = 8.555 103 in 4 J C = 8.56 103 in 4

From Fig. 9.13A
Area = A = 4.75 in 2 I x = 17.4 in 4

I y = 6.27 in 4
2 17.4 in 4 + 4.75 in 2 ( 3.00 1.990 )2 in 2 Ix = 2 I x + Ad = 2
4 4 4 = 2 17.4 in + 4.8455 in = 44.491 in
I x = 44.5 in 4
2 kx =
Ix 44.491 in 4 = = 4.683 in 2 A 2 4.75 in 2
k x = 2.16 in.
2 6.27 in 4 + 4.75 in 2 ( 2.25 0.987 )2 in 2 Iy = 2 I y + Ad = 2
4 4 4 = 2 6.27 in + 7.5771 in = 27.694 in
I y = 27.7 in 4
2 = ky
Iy A
27.694 in 4 2 4.75 in 2
= 2.9152 in 2
k y = 1.707 in.
Data for C 250 30:
A = 3780 mm 2 I x = 32.6 106 mm 4

I y = 1.14 106 mm 4
Dimensions in mm Total Area,
3780 mm 2 + (10 mm )( 375 mm ) = 15.06 103 mm 2 A = 2
1 6 4 Ix = 2 ( 375 mm )(10 mm )3 + ( 375 mm )(10 mm )(132 mm )2 32.6 10 mm + 2 12 = 65.2 106 mm 4 + 130.74 106 mm 4 = 195.94 106 mm 4
k x2 = I x 195.94 106 mm 4 = = 13.01 103 mm 2 3 2 A 15.06 10 mm
or or
I x = 195.9 106 mm 4
k x = 114.0 mm
2 1 6 4 2 Iy = 2 (10 mm )( 375 mm )3 1.14 10 mm + 3780 mm (115.3 mm ) + 2 12
= 102.783 106 mm 4 + 87.891 106 mm 4 = 190.674 106 mm 4

or
I y = 190.7 106 mm 4
k y = 112.5 mm
k y2 =
Iy A
190.674 106 mm 4 = 12.661 103 mm 2 15.06 103 mm 2
or
Shape Data:
Fig. 9.13A
S10 35:
A = 10.3 in 2 I x = 147 in 4
I y = 8.36 in 4
C10 20:
A = 5.88 in 2 I x = 78.9 in 4
I y = 2.81 in 4
Combined section:
A = AS + 2 AC = 10.3 in 2 + 2 5.88 in 2 = 22.06 in 2 I x = ( I x )S + 2 ( I x )C = 147 in 4 + 2 78.9 in 4 = 304.8 in 4

or
Iy = Iy I + ACd 2 ( )S + 2 ( y )C
4
I x = 305 in 4
2 4 2 4.944 = 8.36 in + 2 2.81 in + 5.88 in in. + 2.739 in. 0.606 in. 2
= ( 8.36 + 5.62 + 249.38 ) in 4 = 263.36 in 4

or
I y = 263 in 4
k x = 3.72 in.
k y = 3.46 in.
kx = ky =
Ix = A Iy A
=
304.8 in 4 22.06 in 2 263.36 in 4 22.06 in 2
or
or
Channel:
A = 3780 mm 2 I x = 32.6 106 mm 4

I y = 1.14 106 mm 4
Now
Ix = 2 Ix
( )C + ( I x )plate
= 2 32.6 106 mm 4 +
= 65.2 106 + 2.25d 106 mm 4

And
d ( 300 mm )3 12
Iy = 2 Iy
( )channel + ( I y )plate
2 3 d ( 300 mm ) d = 2 1.14 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 + 15.3 mm + 12 2
= 2.28 106 + 1890d 2 + 115.668 103 d + 1.7697 106 + 25d 3 mm 4 = 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 103 d + 4.0497 106 mm 4
Given Then
I x = 16I y
65.2 106 + 2.25d 106
= 16 25d 3 + 1890d 2 + 115.67 103 d + 4.0497 106

or Solving numerically
25d 3 + 1890d 2 24955d 25300 = 0
d = 12.2935 mm
or d = 12.29 mm
Locate centroid:
x1 = 15.3 mm y1 = 127 mm
x2 = 21.4 mm y2 = 76 mm 21.4 mm
A1 = 3780 mm 2 A2 = 932 mm 2
= 54.6 mm
x3 = 21.4 mm y3 = 76 mm + 21.4 mm
A3 = 932 mm 2
= 97.4 mm
Then
x =
xi Ai i
(15.3 mm ) ( 3780 mm 2 ) + 2 ( 21.4 mm ) ( 932 mm 2 )

3780 mm 2 + 2 932 mm 2
= 3.1794 mm
And
y=
yi Ai i
(127 mm ) ( 3780 mm 2 ) + ( 76 mm ) ( 2 932 mm 2 )

3780 mm 2 + 2 932 mm 2
= 110.157 mm
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
32.6 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 (127 mm 110.157 mm )2 =
0.517 106 mm 4 + 932 mm 2 (110.157 mm 54.6 mm )2 +

6 4 + 0.517 10 mm 2 2
( ) + ( 932 mm ) (110.157 mm 97.4 mm )
continued
= 32.6 106 + 1.07234 106 + 0.517 106 + 2.8767 106 + 0.517 106
) ( + 0.151675 10 ) mm
6
I x = 37.7 106 mm 4
And
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
2 = 1.14 106 mm 4 + 3780 mm 2 (15.3 mm 3.1794 mm ) 2 +2 0.517 106 mm 4 + 932 mm 4 ( 3.1794 mm + 21.4 mm )
= 1.14 106 + 0.55532 106 + 2 0.517 106 + 0.56306 106 mm 4
) (
I y = 3.86 106 mm 4
Angle:
L3 3
1 : 4
A = 1.44 in 2
L6 4 1 : 2
I x = I y = 1.24 in 4
A = 4.75 in 2
Plate:
I x = 6.27 in 4
I y = 17.4 in 4
A = ( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.) = 21.6 in 2
Ix = Iy =
1 ( 0.8 in.)( 27 in.)3 = 1312.2 in 4 12 1 ( 27 in.)( 0.8 in.)3 = 1.152 in 4 12

continued
Centroid:
X =0
Y = Ay A
or
2 1.44 in 2 ( 27 in. 0.84 in.) + 2 4.75 in 2 ( 0.987 in.) + 21.6 in 2 (13.5 in.) Y = 2 1.44 in 2 + 4.75 in 2 + 21.6 in 2
=
Now
376.31 in 3 = 11.0745 in. 33.98 in 2
I x = 2 ( I x )1 + 2 ( I x )3 + ( I x )2
2 4 1.24 + 1.44 ( 27 0.842 11.075 )2 in 4 = 2 6.27 + 4.75 (11.075 0.987 ) in + 2 2 4 + 1312.2 + 21.6 (13.5 11.075 ) in
= 2 ( 489.67 ) in 4 + 2 ( 328.84 ) in 4 + 1439.22 in 4 = 3076.24 in 4
or I x = 3076 in 4 Also
( I y ) = 2 ( I y )1 + 2 ( I y )3 + ( I y )2
2 4 1.24 + 1.44 ( 0.4 + 0.842 )2 in 4 + 1.152 in 4 = 2 17.4 + 4.75 ( 0.4 + 1.99 ) in + 2
= 2 ( 44.532 ) in 4 + 2 ( 3.4613) in 4 + 1.152 in 4 = 97.139 in 4

or I y = 97.1 in 4
Angle:
A = 2420 mm 2 I x = 3.93 106 mm 4
I y = 1.06 106 mm 4
Plate:
A = ( 200 mm )(10 mm ) = 2000 mm 2
Ix = Iy =
Centroid
1 ( 200 mm )(10 mm )3 = 0.01667 106 mm 4 12 1 (10 mm )( 200 mm )3 = 6.6667 106 mm 4 12
X =0
Y =
Ay A =
or
Y =
2 2420 mm 2 ( 44.4 mm ) + 2000 mm 2 ( 5 mm )

2 2 ( 2420 ) + 2000 mm
204896 mm 3 6840 mm 2
= 29.9556 mm
Now I x = 2 ( I x )angle + ( I x )plate
2 6 = 2 mm 4 3.93 10 + ( 2420 )( 44.4 29.9556 ) 2 4 + 0.01667 106 + ( 2000 )( 29.9556 + 5 ) mm
= 2 4.4349 106 mm 4 + 2.4605 106 mm 4 = 11.3303 106 mm 4 or I x = 11.33 106 mm 4
continued
Also Where
Iy = 2 Iy
( )angle + ( I y )plate
( I y )angle = 1.06 106 mm 4 + ( 2420 mm 2 ) ( b 19.0 mm )2

= 1.06 106 + ( 2420 ) b 2 38b + 361 mm 4
2 6 4 = 2420b 91960b + 1.93362 10 mm
and Now Then or
( I y )plate = 6.6667 106 mm 4

I y = 3 Ix
( )
2 6 4 6 4 6 4 2 2420b 91960b + 1.93362 10 mm + 6.6667 10 mm = 3 11.33 10 mm
2420b 2 91960b + 1.93362 106 13.662 106 = 0 b 2 38.0b 4846.5 = 0
b = 91.16 mm
or b = 91.2 mm
(a)
Using shape data from Fig. 9.13A
xA = 1.78 in. xC = 0.499 in.
AA = 8.44 in 2 AC = 3.09 in 2
AP = ( 0.75a ) in 2
or xA = 0
a xP = 6 in. 2
From the condition
x=
xA =0
(1.78 in.) (8.44 in 2 ) ( 0.499 in.) ( 3.09 in 2 ) + 6
or
a 2 in. 0.75a in = 0 2
a 2 12a 35.950 = 0
a = 14.4823 in.
or
a = 14.48 in.
and (b)
AP = ( 0.75 in.)(14.4823 in.) = 10.8617 in 2
Locate centroid
y=
yA =
(1.78 in.) (8.44 in 2 ) +
6 in. 3.09 in 2 ( 0.375 in.) 10.8617 in 2 2 (8.44 + 3.09 + 10.8617 ) in 2
= 0.90302 in.
continued
Now
I x = ( I x ) A + ( I x )C + ( I x ) P
2 = 28.2 in 4 + 8.44 in 2 (1.78 in. 0.90302 in.) 2 4 2 + 15.2 in + 3.09 in ( 3.0 in. 0.90302 in.)
3 2 1 + (14.4823 in.)( 0.75 in.) + 10.8617 in 2 ( 0.375 in. + 0.90302 in.) 12
4 = ( 28.2 + 6.4912 ) + (15.2 + 13.5877 ) + ( 0.5091 + 17.7408 ) in
= 81.729 in 4
or and
I x = 81.7 in 4
Iy = Iy
( ) A + ( I y )C + ( I y ) P
2 2 = 28.2 in 4 + 8.44 in 2 (1.78 in.) + 0.866 in 4 + 3.09 in 2 ( 0.499 in.) 2 1 14.4823 in. 3 + ( 0.75 in.)(14.4823 in.) + 10.8617 in 2 6 in. 12 2
4 = ( 28.2 + 26.741) + ( 0.866 + 0.7694 ) + (189.842 + 16.7319 ) in
= 263.15 in 4
or
I y = 263 in 4
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA
Let yP = Distance of center of pressure from AA. We must have
RyP = M AA ' :
For a triangular panel:
yP =
2 M AA y dA I AA = = ydA R yA
I AA =
1 3 ah 12
y=
1 h 3
A=
1 ah 2
Thus
1 3 ah 1 12 yP = = h 1 1 2 h ah 3 2 yP = 1 h 2
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA

RyP = M AA ' :
yP =
I AA = y =
2 M AA y dA I AA = = R yA ydA
For a semiellipse
ab3
4b , A = ab 3 2
Then
yP =
8 4b ab 3 2
or yP =
ab3
3 b 16
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA
Let yP = Distance of center of pressure from AA : We must have

RyP = M AA ' :
yP =
Divide Trapezoid as shown:
I AA =
1 1 1 1 ( a b ) h3 + bh3 = ah3 + bh3 12 3 12 4
yA = y1 A1 + y2 A2 =
1 1 1 1 1 h ( a b ) h + h ( bh ) = ah 2 + bh 2 3 2 6 3 2
yP = a + 3b h 2a + 4b
1 3 1 3 I AA 12 ah + 4 bh yP = = 1 2 1 2 yA ah + bh 6 3
From Sec. 9.2:
R = ydA
M AA = y 2dA

RyP = M AA ' :
where
yP =
I AA = ( I AA )1 + ( I AA )2
2 2 4r 2 4r 3 1 r r = ( 2r )( r ) + r 4 r 2 + + 8 2 3 2 3 3
=
And
2 4 8 4 9 r + + + + 3 2 3 8 8 9
5 4 4 r = 2 + r 8
4r 2 r YA = yA = ( 2r r ) + r + r 3 2 2
2 5 = 1 + + r 3 = + r 3 2 3 3 2
5 4 2 + r 8 yP = = 1.2242r 5 3 + r 3 2
Then
or yP = 1.224r
Using equation developed on page 491 of text:
yP =
Then
Ix I = AA yA yA
R = yA = gyA
R = 920
kg m 9.81 2 3 m ( 0.55 0.25 ) m 2 3 m s
= 3722.9 N
and
I AA =
1 ( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m )3 + ( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m )( 3 m )2 12
= 1.238216 m 4
and
yA = ( 3 m )( 0.55 m )( 0.25 m ) = 0.4125 m 3
FBD Cover:
Then Symmetry implies Equilibrium:
yP =
1.238216 m 4 = 3.001736 m 0.4125 m 3

FA = FB and FC = FD .
M CD = 0:
( 0.125 0.001736 ) m ( 3722.9 N ) + ( 0.25 m )( 2FA ) = 0 FA = 917.80 N

or FA = FB = 918 N
Fx = 0:
2 ( 917.80 N ) + 3722.9 N 2 FC = 0 FC = 943.65 N

or FC = FD = 944 N

Using equations developed on page 491 of text:
yP = Ix I = ss yA yA
R = yA
Now
yA = yA
1 = ( h + 17 in.) 120 in. 51 in. 2 1 + ( h + 34 in.) 84 in. 51 in. 2 = ( 5202h + 124848 ) in 3 = ( 36.125h + 72.25 ) ft 3
d = ( h + 79 in.)
Then,
R = yA = 62.4 lb/ft 3 ( 36.125h + 72.75 ) ft 3
= 2254.2 ( h + 2 ) lb
Also,
I ss = ( I ss )1 + ( I ss )2
3 2 1 120 51 17 2 1 120 51 = ft ft + ft ft h + ft 12 2 12 12 36 12 12 3 2 1 84 51 34 2 1 84 51 + ft ft + ft ft h + ft 36 12 12 2 12 12 12
34 289 1156 4 2 68 h+ h+ = 21.324 + 21.25 h 2 + + 14.9266 + 14.875 h + ft 12 144 12 144
= 36.125h 2 + 144.5h + 198.311 ft 4
continued
Then
36.125h 2 + 144.5h + 198.311 ft 4 I ss yP = = yA ( 36.125h + 72.25 ) ft 3
=
FBD of Gate: For gate to open:
h 2 + 4h + 5.4896 ft h+2
M AB = 0: M open + ( yP h ) R = 0
h 2 + 4h + 5.4896 2254.2 ( h + 2 ) lb =0 2 ( 8000 lb ft ) ft h h+2

or Thus
2h 1.60826 = 0
h = 0.80413 ft
d =h+
79 79 ft = 0.80413 + ft 12 12
or d = 7.39 ft
= 7.3875 ft
Have where Now
x dV x = EL dV
dV = ydA and xEL = x
y =
60 1 x= x 300 5
Then
1 x = 1 5 x dA
=
2
x 5 x dA
x dA = ( I z ) A xdA ( xA) A
where ( I z ) A is the moment of inertia of the area with respect to the z axis, and x is analogous to y p Now
( Iz )A
1 1 2 ( 240 mm )( 300 mm ) ( 200 mm ) ( 240 mm )( 300 mm )3 + 36 2
= 1.620 109 mm 4
and
1 xA = ( 200 mm ) ( 240 mm )( 300 mm ) = 7.20 106 mm 3 2

x = 1.620 109 mm 4 7.20 106 mm 3
or x = 225 mm
Then
xv of the volume is defined by
xvV = xEL dV
Selecting the element of volume shown
dV = ydA = kxdA
V = k xdA = kx A A
Where x A = coordinate of the centroid of area A
xvV = xEL dV = x ( kx dA ) = k x 2dA = kI z

Where Thus For circular area:
I z = moment of inertia of area with respect to z-axis.
xv =
kI z I = z which is the same as for center of pressure. kx A A xA A
I z = I z + Aa 2 =
xA = a A = a2
1 4 5 a + a2 a2 = a4 4 4
( )
Thus
5 4 a Iz = 4 2 xv = xA A a a
( )
xv =
5 a 4

The pressure p at an arbitrary depth ( y sin ) is
p = ( y sin )
so that the hydrostatic force dF exerted on an infinitesimal area dA is
dF = ( y sin ) dA
Equivalence of the force P and the system of infinitesimal forces dF requires
F: P = dF = y sin dA = sin ydA

or P = Ay sin Equivalence of the force and couple requires M x: yP M x = Now
( P, M x + M y ) and
the system of infinitesimal hydrostatic forces
( ydF )
ydF = y ( y sin ) dA = sin y 2dA = ( sin ) I x
Then or
yP M x = ( sin ) I x
M x = ( sin ) I x y ( Ay sin )
= sin I x Ay 2
)
or M x = I x sin
M y : xP + M y = xdF Now
xdF = x ( y sin ) dA = sin xydA

= ( sin ) I xy ( Equation 9.12 )
continued
Then or
xP + M y = ( sin ) I xy M y = ( sin ) I xy x ( Ay sin )

= sin I xy Ax y
)
or
M y = I xy sin
or, using Equation 9.13,

The pressure p at an arbitrary depth ( y sin ) is
p = ( y sin )
so that the hydrostatic force dP exerted on an infinitesimal area dA is
dP = ( y sin ) dA
The magnitude P of the resultant force acting on the plane area is then
P = dP = y sin dA = sin ydA

= sin ( yA) Now
p = y sin
P = pA
Next observe that the resultant P is equivalent to the system of infinitesimal forces dP. Equivalence then requires
M x: yP P = ydP
Now
2 ydP = y ( y sin ) dA = sin y dA
= ( sin ) I x
Then or
yP P = ( sin ) I x
yP =
( sin ) I x sin ( yA )
or yP =
M y : xP P = xdP
Now
Ix Ay
xdP = x ( y sin ) dA = sin xydA

= ( sin ) I xy ( Equation 9.12 )
continued
Then or
xP P = ( sin ) I xy
xP =
( sin ) I xy sin ( yA )
or xP =
I xy Ay
Now From above By definition Substituting Rearranging yields
I x = I x + Ay 2 I x = ( Ay ) yP
2 I x = k x A
( Ay ) yP
2 2 = kx A + Ay
yP y =
2 kx y
Although k x is not a function of the depth of the area (it depends only on the shape of A), y is dependent on the depth.
( yP y ) = f ( depth )
First note
y = a 1 =
x2 4a 2
1 4a 2 x 2 2
Have where
dI xy = dI xy + xEL yEL dA dI xy = 0
( symmetry )
1 1 y = 4a 2 x 2 2 4
xEL = x
yEL =
dA = ydx =
Then
1 4a 2 x 2 dx 2
2a 1 1 4a 2 x 2 4a 2 x 2 dx I xy = dI xy = 0 x 4 2
1 2a 1 1 = 0 4a 2 x x3 dx = 2a 2 x 2 x 4 8 8 4 0
2a
a4 8
1 2 4 2 ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 )
or I xy =
1 4 a 2

First note: At x = a : or k = Now
b = ka3
b b ; y = 3 x3 3 a a
I xy = xydA
= 0
a b b 3 x a3
xydydx
1 a 2 b2 6 x b a6 x dx 2 0
a
b2 1 2 1 8 = x 6x 2 2 8a 0 =
3 2 2 ab 16
I xy =
3 2 2 ab 16
Have
I xy = xydA
=
b h x xydydx
b
1 0 h2 2 x b2 x dx 2 b
= =
1 h2 4 x 8 b 2 b
1 2 2 b h 8 I xy = 1 2 2 b h 8

First note: At x = a : b = ke a or k = Now
a
b b x ; y = ea e e
I xy = xydA
= =
x b a a ee 0 0
xydydx
1 b 2 a 2ax xe dx 2 e2 0
a
2x 2 a 1b e 2 = x 1 2 e2 2 2 a a 0 =
1 b2 a 2 2 e (1) (1)( 1) 2 e2 4
a 2b 2 2 e +1 8e 2
)
I xy = 0.1419a 2b 2
Have Where and Now
I xy = I xy
( )1 ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3
0
and
( I xy )1 = 0
I xy = I xy + A x y for areas A2 = ( 50 mm )( 20 mm )
= 1000 mm 2
x2 = 15 mm
y2 = 10 mm
x3 = 15 mm
y3 = 10 mm A3 = ( 50 mm )( 20 mm )
= 1000 mm 2
Then
I xy = 1000 mm 2 ( 15 mm )(10 mm )
(1000 mm )(15 mm )( 10 mm ) = 300 103 mm 4 I xy = 300 103 mm 4
Note: Orientation of A3 corresponding to a 180 rotation of the axes. Equation 9.20 then yields
I xy = I xy
Symmetry implies Using Sample Problem 9.6 and Similarly, and Then and Therefore,
( I xy )1 = 0 1 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = 22.78125 in 4 ( I xy )2 = 72

Y2 = 1.5 in. A2 = 1 ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2 2
X 2 = 9 in.
1 ( 9 in.)2 ( 4.5 in.)2 = 22.78125 in 4 ( I xy )3 = 72

X 3 = 9 in.
I xy = I xy
Y2 = 1.5 in.
A3 =
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
1 ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) = 20.25 in 2 2

with
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
I xy = I xy + x y A
4 I xy = 2 22.78125 + ( 9 )(1.5 )( 20.25 ) in
= 501.1875 in 4
or I xy = 501 in 4
Have For each semicircle Thus
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2
and
I xy = I xy + x y A I xy = x y A
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
A, mm 2
1
x , mm
y , mm
Ax y , mm 4
69.12 106
(120 )2 (120 )2
= 7200 = 7200
60
160
60
160
69.12 106
138.24 106
or I xy = 138.2 106 mm 4
Have For each rectangle Thus
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2
and I xy = 0 (symmetry)
I xy = I xy + Ax y I xy = x y A
A, mm 2
1 2
x , mm
y , mm
Ax y , mm 4
76 ( 6.4 ) = 486.4 44.6 ( 6.4 ) = 285.44
12.9
21.9
9.4
58 980.86 100 643.29 159 624.15 or I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
16.1
Have Now symmetry implies and for the other rectangles Thus
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
( I xy )1 = 0
I xy = I xy + x y A where I xy = 0 (symmetry) I xy = ( x y A )2 + ( x y A)3
= ( 69 mm )( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm ) + ( 69 mm )( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm )
= ( 786 600 + 786 600 ) mm 4 = 1 573 200 mm 4
or I xy = 1.573 106 mm 4
Symmetry implies
( I xy )1 = 0
Using Sample Problem 9.6 and Equation 9.20, note that the orientation of A2 corresponds to a 1 2 2 90 rotation of the axes; thus I xy = b h 2 72
( )
Also, the orientation of A3 corresponds to a 270 rotation of the axes; thus Then and Also and Now Then
1 2 2 b h ( I xy )3 = 72
1 ( 9 in.)2 ( 6 in.)2 = 40.5 in 4 ( I xy )2 = 72

x2 = 6 in., y2 = 2 in., A2 = 1 ( 9 in.)( 6 in.) = 27 in 2 2
( I xy )3 = ( I xy )2 = 40.5 in 4
x3 = 6 in.,
I xy = I xy
y3 = 2 in.,
and
A3 = A2 = 27 in 2
I xy = I xy + x y A
( )1 ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3
or I xy = 567 in 4
I xy = 2 40.5 in 4 + ( 6 in.)( 2 in.) 27 in 2
= 2 ( 40.5 324 ) in 4
Have Where Then Section :
I xy = I xy + x yA
I xy = 0 for each rectangle
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3 = x yA
x1 = ( 8.92 in. 8 in.) = 0.92 in.
y1 = 3 in. 0.61 in. = 2.39 in.
A1 = (16 in.)( 6 in.) = 96 in 2

Section :
x2 = ( 8.92 in. 1.5 in.) = 10.42 in.

y2 = 2 in. 0.61 in. = 1.39 in.
A2 = ( 3 in.)( 4 in.) = 12 in 2
Section :
x3 = (16 in. 8.92 in.) 2 in. = 5.08 in. y3 = ( 0.61 in. + 5.25 in.) = 5.86 in.
A3 = ( 4 in.)(10.5 in.) = 42 in 2
Then
I xy = ( 0.92 in.)( 2.39 in.) 96 in 2 + ( 10.42in.)(1.39 in.) 12 in 2

+ ( 5.08 in.)( 5.86 in.) 42 in 2
= ( 211.08 + 173.806 + 1250.29 ) in 4 = 1635.18 in 4
I xy = 1635 in 4
Have For each rectangle
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2
I xy = 0 (symmetry)
I xy = I xy + x yA
Then
and
( 3 in.)( 0.5 in.) I xy = x yA = ( 0.75 in.)( 1.5 in.)

+ ( 0.5 in.)(1.00 in.) ( 4.5 in.)( 0.5 in.) = (1.6875 + 1.125 ) in 4 = 2.8125 in 4
or I xy = 2.81 in 4
From Figure 9.12:
Ix =
=
16
( 2a )( a )3
a4
Iy =
=
From Problem 9.67: First note
16
( 2a )3 ( a )
a4 1 4 a 2
I xy =
1 1 5 I x + I y = a4 + a4 = a4 2 2 8 2 16
1 1 3 I x I y = a4 a4 = a4 2 2 8 2 16
Now use Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20). Equation (9.18):
I x =
=
1 1 Ix + I y + I x I y cos 2 I xy sin 2 2 2
5 3 1 a 4 a 4 cos 2 a 4 sin 2 16 16 2 1 1 Ix + I y I x I y cos 2 + I xy sin 2 2 2
Equation (9.19):
I y =
=
Equation (9.20):
5 3 1 a 4 + a 4 cos 2 + a 4 sin 2 16 16 2 1 I x I y sin 2 + I xy cos 2 2
I xy =
3 1 a 4 sin 2 + a 4 cos 2 16 2
From the solution to Problem 9.72
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
A2 = A3 = 20.25 in 2
First compute the moment of inertia
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
with
( I x )2 = ( I x )3
3 3 1 1 = (12 in.)( 9 in.) + 2 ( 9 in.)( 4.5 in.) 12 12
= ( 729 + 136.6875 ) in 4 = 865.6875 in 4

and
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
with
( I y ) 2 = ( I y )3
3 3 2 1 1 = ( 9 in.)(12 in.) + 2 ( 4.5 in.)( 9 in.) + 20.25 in 2 ( 9 in.) 12 36
= (1296 + 182.25 + 3280.5 ) in 4 = 4758.75 in 4

From Equation 9.18
I x =
=
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
865.6875 in 4 + 4758.75 in 4 865.6875 in 4 4758.75 in 4 + cos 2 ( 45 ) 2 2
2 ( 45 ) 501.1875 in 4 sin
= ( 2812.21875 + 501.1875 ) in 4 = 3313.4063 in 4
or I x = 3.31 103 in 4
Similarly
I y =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= ( 2812.21875 501.1875 ) in 4 = 2311.0313 in 4
or I y = 2.31 103 in 4
and
I xy =
=
Ix I y 2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
865.6875 in 4 4758.75 in 4 sin 2 ( 45 ) 2 + 501.1875cos 2 ( 45 )
= ( 1946.53125 )( 1) in 4 = 1946.53125 in 4
or I xy = 1.947 103 in 4
From Problem 9.73,
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
4 = 2 (120 mm ) 8
( I x )1 = ( I x )2
= 51.84 106 mm 4
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2
( I y )1 = ( I y )2
4 2 2 = 2 (120 mm ) + (120 mm ) ( 60 mm ) 2 8
= 103.68 106 mm 4
Have and Then and
I x = 2 25.92 106 = 51.84 106 mm 4
Iy
( ) = 2 ( 51.84 10 ) = 103.68 10
6
mm 4
1 I x + I y = 77.76 106 mm 4 2
1 I x I y = 25.92 106 mm 4 2
Now, from Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20 Equation 9.18:
I x =
1 1 Ix + I y + I x I y cos 2 I xy sin 2 2 2
6 6 6 4 = 77.76 10 25.92 10 cos ( 60 ) 138.24 10 sin ( 60 ) mm
= 323.29 106 mm 4
or I x = 323 106 mm 4
Equation 9.19:
I y =
1 1 Ix + I y I x I y cos 2 + I xy sin 2 2 2
6 6 6 4 = 77.76 10 + 25.92 10 cos ( 60 ) + 138.24 10 sin ( 60 ) mm
= 165.29 106 mm 4
or I y = 165.29 106 mm 4
Equation 9.20:
I xy =
1 I x I y sin 2 + I xy cos 2 2
6 6 4 = 25.92 10 sin ( 60 ) + 138.24 10 cos ( 60 ) mm
= 139.64 106 mm 4
or I xy = 139.6 104 mm 4
From Problem 9.75 Now where and
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
( I x )1 = ( I x )2 = ( I x )3
=
1 (150 mm )(12 mm )3 = 21 600 mm 4 12
1 2 (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 25 mm ) (12 mm )( 38 mm )3 + 12
= 339 872 mm 4
Then Also where and
21 600 + 2 ( 339 872 ) mm 4 = 701 344 mm 4 = 0.70134 106 mm 4 Ix =

Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
1 (12 mm )(150 mm )3 = 3.375 106 mm 4 ( I y )1 = 12 1 2 (12 mm )( 38 mm ) ( 69 mm ) ( 38 mm )(12 mm )3 + ( I y )2 = ( I y )3 = 12

= 2.1765 106 mm 4
Then Now and
( 3.375 + 2 ( 2.1765 ) 106 mm 4 = 7.728 106 mm 4 Iy =
1 I x + I y = 4.2146 106 mm 4 2
(
(
1 I x I y = 3.5133 106 mm 4 2
Using Equations 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20 From Equation 9.18:
I x =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
= 4.2147 106 + 3.5133 106 cos (120 ) 1.5732 106 sin (120 ) mm 4
= 4.6089 106 mm 4
or I x = 4.61 106 mm 4
From Equation 9.19:
I y =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= 4.2147 106 3.5133 106 cos (120 ) + 1.5732 106 sin (120 ) mm 4 = 3.8205 106 mm 4
or I y = 3.82 106 mm 4
From Equation 9.20:
I xy =
Ix I y 2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
6 6 4 = 3.5133 10 sin (120 ) + 1.5732 10 cos (120 ) mm
= 3.8292 106 mm 4
or I xy = 3.83 106 mm 4
From Problem 9.74
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
From Figure 9.13
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4
Now
1 I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4 2
1 I x I y = 0.1435 106 mm 4 2
Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20) Equation (9.18):
I x =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
= 0.3095 106 + 0.1435 106 cos ( 90 ) 0.1596 106 sin ( 90 ) mm 4 = 0.1499 106 mm 4
or I x = 0.1499 106 mm 4
Equation (9.19):
I y =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
= 0.3095 106 0.1435 106 cos ( 90 ) + 0.1596 106 sin ( 90 ) mm 4
= 0.4691 106 mm 4
or I y = 0.469 106 mm 4
Equation (9.20):
I xy =
Ix I y 2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
6 6 4 = 0.1435 10 sin ( 90 ) + 0.1596 10 cos ( 90 ) mm
= 0.1435 106 mm 4
or I xy = 0.1435 106 mm 4
From Problem 9.78
I xy = 2.8125 in 4
From Figure 9.13
I x = 9.45 in 4 ,
Now
I y = 2.58 in 4
1 I x + I y = 6.015 in 4 2
1 I x I y = 3.435 in 4 2
Using Equations (9.18), (9.19), and (9.20) Equation (9.18):
I x =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 I xy sin 2
4 4 = 6.015 + 3.435cos ( 60 ) 2.8125sin ( 60 ) in = 5.2968 in
or I x = 5.30 in 4
Equation (9.19):
I y =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2
cos 2 + I xy sin 2
4 4 = 6.015 3.435cos ( 60 ) + 2.8125sin ( 60 ) in = 6.7332 in
or I y = 6.73 in 4
Equation (9.20):
I xy =
Ix I y 2
sin 2 + I xy cos 2
or I xy = 4.38 in 4
4 4 = 3.435sin ( 60 ) + 2.8125cos ( 60 ) in = 4.3810 in
From Problem 9.79: Problem 9.67:
Ix =
a4
Iy =
a4
I xy =
2I xy
1 4 a 2
1 2 a4 2 a4
Now, Equation (9.25):
tan 2 m =
Ix I y
a4
=
Then
8 = 0.84883 3
and 220.326
2 m = 40.326
or m = 20.2 and 110.2
Also, Equation (9.27):
I max, min =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
1 4 4 a + a 2 8 2
1 4 4 1 4 a a + a 2 2 2 8
2 2
= ( 0.981748 0.772644 ) a 4
or I max = 1.754a 4 and I min = 0.209a 4

By inspection, the a axis corresponds to Imin and the b axis corresponds to Imax.

From the solutions to Problem 9.72 and 9.80
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
1 I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4 2
1 I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4 2
Then Equation (9.25): or
tan 2 m =
2I xy Ix I y
501.1875 = 0.257477 1946.53125

194.4387 or m = 7.22 and 97.2
2 m = 14.4387
and
Equation (9.27):
I max, min =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
= 2812.21875
( 1946.53125 )2 + ( 501.1875 )2
or I max = 4.82 103 in 4 and I min = 802 in 4
= ( 2812.21875 2010.0181) in 4
By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .

From Problems 9.73 and 9.81 I x = 51.84 106 mm 4
I y = 103.68 106 mm 4
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
Equation (9.25):
tan 2 m =
2 I xy Ix I y
2 138.24 106
6
51.84 10 103.68 106
= 1.69765
2 m = 59.500
and
239.500
or m = 29.7 and 119.7 !
Then
I max, min
Ix I y 1 2 = Ix + I y + I xy 2 2
( 51.84 + 103.68) 106

2
( 51.84 103.68 ) 106 6 + 138.24 10 2
= ( 244.29 160.44 ) 106 mm 4 or I max = 405 106 mm 4 ! and I min = 83.9 106 mm 4 !
Note: By inspection the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .

From Problems 9.75 and 9.82
I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Then
1 I x + I y = 4.2147 106 mm 4 2
1 I x I y = 3.5133 106 mm 4 2
Equation (9.25):
tan 2 =
2I xy Ix I y
2 1.5732 106
6
0.70134 10 7.728 106
= 0.44778
Then
2 m = 24.12
and
204.12 or m = 12.06 and 102.1
I max, min =
Ix + I y 2
Ix I y 2 I 2 xy
= 4.2147 106
( 3.5133 10 ) + (1.5732 10 )
6 2 6
= ( 4.2147 3.8494 ) 106 mm 4
or I max = 8.06 106 mm 4 and I min = 0.365 106 mm 4

From Problems 9.74 and 9.83 I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Then
1 I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4 2
1 I x I y = 0.1435 106 mm 4 2
Equation (9.25): Then

or Also, Equation (9.27):
tan 2 m =
2 I xy Ix I y
2 0.1596 106
( 0.166 0.453) 106

and 131.96
= 1.1122
2 m = 48.041
m = 24.0 and 66.0 !

I max, min
( Ix + I y ) =
2
Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
= 0.3095 106
( 0.1435 10 ) + ( 0.1596 10 )
6 2 6
= ( 0.3095 0.21463) 106 mm 4 or

I max = 0.524 106 mm 4 ! I min = 0.0949 106 mm 4 !

I xy = 2.81 in 4
I x = 9.45 in 4
I y = 2.58 in 4
Then
1 I x + I y = 6.015 in 4 2
1 I x I y = 3.435 in 4 2
Equation (9.25): Then
tan 2 m =
2 I xy Ix I y
2 ( 2.81) 9.45 2.58
= 0.8180
2 m = 39.2849
and
140.7151 or m = 19.64 and 70.36 !
I max, min
( Ix + I y ) =
2
Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
= 6.015 3.4352 2.812

= ( 6.015 4.438 ) in 4 or I max = 10.45 in 4 ! and I min = 1.577 in 4 !
Note: By inspection, the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .
From Problem 9.79:
Ix =
a4
Iy =
Problem 9.67:
a4
I xy =
1 4 a 2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY, where
1 X a4, a4 8 2
Now
and
1 Y a4 , a4 2 2
I ave =
1 1 5 I x + I y = a 4 + a 4 = a 4 = 0.98175a 4 2 2 8 2 16
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
1 4 4 1 4 a a + a 2 2 2 8
= 0.77264a 4
The Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.
tan 2 m =
2I xy Ix I y
1 2 a4 2 a4
a4
= 0.84883
or
2 m = 40.326
continued
Then
= 90 40.326
= 49.674
= 180 ( 40.326 + 60 )
= 79.674
(a)
I x = I ave R cos = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4 cos 49.674 or I x = 0.482a 4

I y = I ave + R cos = 0.98175a 4 + 0.77264a 4 cos 49.674
or I y = 1.482a 4
I xy = R sin = 0.77264a 4 sin 49.674 or I xy = 0.589a 4
(b)
I x = I ave + R cos = 0.98175a 4 + 0.77264a 4 cos 79.674 or I x = 1.120a 4

I y = I ave R cos = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4 cos 79.674
or I y = 0.843a 4
I xy = R sin = 0.77264a 4 sin 79.674 or I xy = 0.760a 4
From the solution to Problem 9.72: Problem 9.80:
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
I x = 865.6875 in 4
I y = 4758.75 in 4
Now
1 I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4 2
1 I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4 2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the points X and Y where X: Now
( I x , I xy )
I ave =
2
Y:
( I y , I xy )
1 I x + I y = 2812.2 in 4 2
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
( 1946.53125)2 + 501.18752
in 4
= 2010.0 in 4
Also,
tan 2 m =
I xy Ix I y 2
501.1875 = 0.2575 1946.53125
or Then Then
2 m = 14.4387
= 180 (14.4387 + 90 ) = 75.561

I x , I y = I ave R cos = 2812.2 2010.0cos 75.561
or I x = 3.31 103 in 4
and I y = 2.31 103 in 4
and
I xy = R sin = 2010.0sin 75.561
or I xy = 1.947 103 in 4
I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
I x = 51.84 106 mm 4
= 162.86 106 mm 4
I y = 103.68 106 mm 4
= 325.72 106 mm 4
Now
I ave =
1 Ix + I y 2
= 244.29 106 mm 4
R= Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
2
= 160.4405 106 mm 4
From Problem 9.87 Then Then
2 m = 59.5
= 180 60 2 m = 60.5
I x = I ave + R cos = ( 244.29 + 160.4405cos 60.5 ) 106
= 323.29 106 mm 4
or I x = 323 106 mm 4
I y = I ave R cos = ( 244.24 160.4405cos 60.5 ) 106
= 165.29 106 mm 4
or I y = 165.3 106 mm 4 I xy = R sin = 160.44 106 sin 60.5 = 139.6 106 mm 4
I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4 I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
Now
I ave =
1 I x + I y = 4.2147 106 mm 4 2
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 3.8494 106 mm 4 2
Then and Then
2 (1.5732 ) 2 m = tan 1 = 24.12 0.70134 7.728
= 120 24.12 90 = 5.88

I x = I ave + R sin = ( 4.2147 + 3.8494sin 5.88 ) 106 mm 4
= 4.6091 106 mm 4
or I x = 4.61 106 mm 4
I y = I ave R sin = ( 4.2147 3.8494sin 5.88 ) 106 mm 4

= 3.8203 106 mm 4
or I y = 3.82 106 mm 4
I xy = R cos = 3.8494cos 5.88 = 3.8291 106 mm 4

or I xy = 3.83 106 mm 4
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Now
I ave =
R=
1 I x + I y = 0.3095 106 mm 4 2
and
Ix I y 2 + I xy 2
= 0.21463 106 mm 4
Then and Then
2 ( 0.1596 ) 2 m = tan 1 = 48.04 0.166 0.453
+ 90 2 = 90; = 2 m
I x = I ave R sin = ( 0.3095 0.21463sin 48.04 ) 106 mm 4
= 0.14989 106 mm 4
or I x = 0.1499 106 mm 4
and
I y = I ave + R sin = ( 0.3095 + 0.21463sin 48.04 ) 106 mm 4

= 0.46910 106 mm 4
or I y = 0.4690 106 mm 4
and
I xy = R cos = 0.21463cos 48.04 = 0.1435 106 mm 4 or I xy = 0.1435 106 mm 4

Have
I x = 9.45 in 4
I y = 2.58 in 4
From Problem 9.78 Now
2
I xy = 2.8125 in 4
I ave = Ix + I y 2
= 6.015 in 4
and
R=
Ix I y + I xy 2
( )
= 4.43952 in 4
Then
2 ( 2.8125 ) 2 m = tan 1 = 39.31 9.45 2.58

2 m + 60 + = 180,
= 80.69
Then
I x = I ave R cos = 6.015 in 4 ( 4.43952 in 4 ) cos80.69

= 5.29679 in 4
or I x = 5.30 in 4
I y = I ave + R cos = 6.015 in 4 + ( 4.43952 in 4 ) cos80.69
= 6.73321 in 4
or I y = 6.73 in 4
I xy = R sin = ( 4.43952 in 4 ) sin 80.69 = 4.38104 in 4
or I xy = 4.38 in 4
From Problem 9.79: Problem 9.67:
Ix = I xy =
a4
Iy =
a4
1 4 a 2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY, where
1 X a4, a4 2 8
Now and
and
1 Y a4 , a4 2 2
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = a 4 + a 4 = 0.98175a 4 2 2 8 2
R=
1 2 2 I x I y + I xy =
1 4 4 1 4 a a + a 2 2 2 8
= 0.77264a 4
The Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.
tan 2 m =
2I xy Ix I y
1 2 a4 2 a4
a4
= 0.84883
or and
2 m = 40.326
m = 20.2
The principal axes are obtained by rotating the xy axes through 20.2 counterclockwise
Now
I max, min = I ave R = 0.98175a 4 0.77264a 4
or I max = 1.754a 4 and I min = 0.209a 4

From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
From the solution to Problem 9.72:
I xy = 501.1875 in 4
From the solution to Problem 9.80:
I x = 865.6875 in 4
I y = 4758.75 in 4
1 I x + I y = 2812.21875 in 4 2
1 I x I y = 1946.53125 in 4 2
The Mohrs circle is defined by the point Now

2
X:
( I x , I xy ) ,
Y:
( I y,
I xy
I ave =
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
1 I x + I y = 2812.2 in 4 2
and
R=
( 1946.53125 )2 + 501.18752
= 2010.0 in 4
continued
tan 2 m =
I xy Ix I y 2
501.1875 = 0.2575, 1946.53125
2 m = 14.4387
or m = 7.22 counterclockwise
Then
I max, min = I ave R = ( 2812.2 2010.0 ) in 4

or I max = 4.82 103 in 4 and I min = 802 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I min and the b axis corresponds to I max .
From the solution to Problem 9.76 Now
I xy = 567 in 4
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3 , where
( I x ) 2 = ( I x )3
3 4 (15 in.)4 2 ( 9 in.)( 6 in.) = ( 39761 324 ) in
1 12
= 39, 437 in 4
and
Iy = Iy =
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3 ,
4 1 36
where
( I y )2 = ( I y )3
1 2
3 2 (15 in.)4 2 ( 6 in.)( 9 in.) + ( 9 in.)( 6 in.)( 6 in.)
= ( 39, 761 243 1944 ) in 4 = 37,574 in 4

The Mohrs circle is defined by the point (X, Y) where X: Now
( I x , I xy )
Y:
( I y , I xy )
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 39, 437 + 37,574 ) in 4 = 38,506 in 4 2 2
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
1 2 4 2 ( 39, 437 37,574 ) + 567 = 1090.5 in

continued
tan 2 m =
I xy Ix I y 2
567 = 0.6087 1 ( 39, 437 37,574 ) 2

or m = 15.66 clockwise
Then
I max, min = I ave R = ( 38,506 1090.50 ) in 4
or I max = 39.6 103 in 4 and I min = 37.4 103 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to the I max and the b axis corresponds to
I min .
I x = 162.86 106 mm 4
I y = 325.72 106 mm 4 I xy = 138.24 106 mm 4
Define points Now
X (162.86,138.24 ) 106 mm 4
Y ( 325.72, 138.24 ) 106 mm 4
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = (162.86 + 325.72 ) 106 mm 4 2 2
= 244.29 106 mm 4
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
(162.86 325.72 ) 106 + 138.24 106 2
= 160.44 106 mm 4
and
2 (138.24 ) 106 2 m = tan 1 = 59.4999 6 (162.86 325.72 ) 10

I max, min = I ave R = 244.29 106 160.44 106 mm 4
Then
or I max = 405 106 mm 4 and I min = 83.9 106 mm 4

I x = 0.166 106 mm 4 ,
Define points Now
I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 ,
and
I xy = 0.1596 106 mm 4
Y ( 0.453, 0.1596 ) 106 mm 4
X ( 0.166, 0.1596 ) 106 mm 4
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 0.166 + 0.453) 106 mm 4 2 2
= 0.3095 106 mm 4
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
( 0.166 0.453) 106 6 + 0.1596 10 2
= 0.21463 106 mm 4
Also
2I xy 2 m = tan 1 Ix I y
2 ( 0.1596 ) = tan 1 = 48.04 0.166 0.453
m = 24.02
or = 24.0 clockwise
Then
I max,
min
= I ave R = ( 0.3095 0.21463) 106 mm 4

I x = 0.70134 106 mm 4 ,
Now
I y = 7.728 106 mm 4 ,
I xy = 1.5732 106 mm 4
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 0.70134 + 7.728 ) 106 mm 4 = 4.2147 106 mm 4 2 2
and
R=
Ix I y 2 + I xy = 2
( 0.70134 7.728 ) 106 6 + 1.5732 10 2
= 3.8495 106 mm 4
Define points
X ( 0.70134, 15732 ) 106 mm Y ( 7.728, 1.5732 ) 106 mm
Also
2 (1.5732 ) 2 m = tan 1 = 24.122, m = 12.06 0.70134 7.728
Then
I max,
min
= I ave R = ( 4.2147 3.8495 ) 106 mm 4


I xy = 300 103 mm 4
Now
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
3 3 2 1 1 = (120 mm )( 80 mm ) 2 ( 50 mm )( 20 mm ) + 1000 mm 2 (10 mm ) 12 12
= 5.120 106 2 33.333 103 + 100 103 mm 4 = 4.8533 106 mm 4

and
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
3 3 2 1 1 = ( 80 mm )(120 mm ) 2 ( 20 mm )( 50 mm ) + 1000 mm 2 (15 mm ) 12 12
= 11.520 106 2 208.33 103 + 225 103 mm 4 = 10.6533 106 mm 4

x I x , I xy
) )
y I y , I xy
Center:
I ave =
1 Ix + I y 2 1 = ( 4.8533 + 10.6533) 106 mm 4 2
= 7.7533 106 mm 4
Radius:
Ix I y 2 R= + I xy 2
2 1 = 106 ( 4.8533 10.6533) + ( 0.300 ) mm 2 2
= 2.9155 106 mm
continued
From Prob. 9.43 and 9.77
I x = 2703.7 in 4
Define Points: Then
I y = 4581.0 in 4
x ( 2703.7, 1635.18 ) in 4 y ( 4581.0, 1635.18 ) in 4
I xy = 1635.18 in 4
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 2703.7 + 4581.0 ) in 4 = 3642.4 in 4 2 2
2 Ix I y 2 2703.7 4581.0 2 4 + I xy = R= + ( 1635.18 ) = 1885.44 in 2 2
tan 2 m =
2I xy Ix I y
2 ( 1635.18 ) = 1.74206 2703.7 4581.0
m = 30.1
I max,min = I ave R = ( 3642.4 1885.44 ) in 4
I max = 5530 in 4 I min = 1757 in 4
Given:
I x = 0.166 106 mm 4 , I y = 0.453 106 mm 4 and I xy < 0
Note: A review of a table of rolled-steel shapes reveals that the given values of I x and I y are obtained when the 102 mm leg of the angle is parallel to the x axis. For I xy < 0 the angle must be oriented as shown. (a) Now
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 0.166 + 0.453) 106 mm 4 2 2
= 0.3095 106 mm 4
Now Then
I min = I ave R
or
R = I ave I min
R = ( 0.3095 0.051) 106 mm 4
= 0.2585 106 mm 4
From
Ix I y R = + I xy 2
2
( )
I xy =
2 2 0.166 0.453 6 4 ( 0.2585 ) 10 mm 2
I xy = 0.21501 106 mm 4
Since (b)
I xy < 0,
I xy = 0.21501 106 mm 4
2 ( 0.21501) 2 m = tan 1 = 56.28 0.166 0.453
or I xy = 0.215 106 mm 4
(c )
I max = I ave + R = ( 0.3095 + 0.2585 ) 106 mm 4
or I max = 0.568 106 mm 4

From Figure 9.13
I x = 9.45 in 4
I y = 2.58 in 4 I xy = 2.81 in 4
X ( 9.45, 2.81) in 4 Y ( 2.58, 2.81) in 4
From Problem 9.78
The Mohrs circle is defined by the diameter XY where
Now
I ave =
1 1 Ix + I y = 9.45 in 4 + 2.58 in 4 2 2
= 6.015 in 4
and
R= =
1 2 2 I x I y + I xy
1 4 4 4 2 9.45 in 2.58 in + 2.81 in
= 4.438 in 4
tan 2 m =
or
2I xy
Ix I y
2 2.81 in 4
4
9.45 in 2.58 in 4
= 0.81805
2 m = 32.285 or m = 19.64 counterclockwise
Now
I max, min = I ave R = ( 6.015 4.438 ) in 4
or I max = 10.45 in 4 and I min = 1.577 in 4

From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .
From Figure 9.13B: Have Now
I x = 7.20 106 mm 4 ,
I xy = I xy
I y = 2.64 106 mm 4
I xy = I xy + x yA and I xy = 0
( )1 + ( I xy )2 ,
where
x1 =
102 25.3 = 25.7 mm, 2
y1 = 50.3
12.7 = 43.95 mm 2
A1 = 102 12.7 = 1295.4 mm 2

x2 = 25.3 + 12.7 = 18.95 mm 2 1 y2 = (152 12.7 ) ( 50.3 12.7 ) = 32.05 mm 2
A2 = (12.7 )(152 12.7 ) = 1769.11 mm 2

Then
I xy = ( 25.7 mm )( 43.95 mm ) 1295.4 mm 2 + ( 18.95 mm )( 32.05 mm ) 1769.11 mm 2 106 = (1.46317 + 1.07446 ) 106 mm 4 = 2.5376 106 mm 4
)}
The Mohrs circle is defined by points X and Y, where X I x , I xy , Y I y , I xy Now
) (
I ave =
1 1 I x + I y = ( 7.20 + 2.64 ) 106 mm 4 = 4.92 106 mm 4 2 2
continued
and
R=
2 2 Ix I y 1 2 + I xy = ( 7.20 2.64 ) + 2.53762 106 mm 4 2 2
= 3.4114 106 mm 4
tan m =
2I xy Ix I y
2 ( 2.5376 ) = 1.11298, ( 7.20 2.64 )
2 = 48.0607
or Now or and
= 24.0 clockwise
I max, min = I ave R = ( 4.92 3.4114 ) 106 mm 4
I max = 8.33 106 mm 4 I min = 1.509 106 mm 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .

Have
I ave =
1 1 Ix + I y = 640 in 4 + 280 in 4 = 460 in 4 2 2
1 1 Ix I y = 640 in 4 280 in 4 = 180 in 4 2 2
Also have Letting the points
I xy = 180 in 4 ,
2 = 120,
Ix > I y
( I x , I xy ) and ( I x, I xy )
be denoted by X an X , respectively, three possible Mohrs
circles can be constructed
Assume the first case applies Then Also
Ix I y 2
= R cos 2 m
or
or
R cos 2 m = 180 in 4
R cos = 180 in 4
I xy = R cos
= 2 m
Also have
120 = 2 m + ( 90 )
= 2 m
or or
2 m = 30 2 m = = 15
and
2 ( 2 m ) = 30
Note
2 m > 0 implies case 2 applies < 0

continued
(a) Therefore,
m = 7.5 clockwise
(b)
Have Then
R cos15 = 180
or
R = 186.35 in 4
I max, min = I ave R = 460 186.350

or and
I max = 646 in 4 I min = 274 in 4
Note: From the Mohrs circle it is seen that the a axis corresponds to I max and the b axis corresponds to I min .
First assume
Ix > I y
(Note: Assuming I x < I y is not consistent with the requirement that the axis corresponding to the I xy obtained by rotating the x axis through 67.5 counterclockwise) From Mohrs circle have (a)
( )max is
2 I xy Ix I y
2 m = 2 ( 67.5 ) 90 = 45
From
tan 2 m =
125 in 4 = 550 in 4 tan 45
Have I x = I y + 2
I xy tan 2 m
= 300 in 4 + 2
or I x = 550 in 4
(b) Now and
I ave =
R=
1 550 + 300 4 Ix + I y = in = 425 in 4 2 2
I xy sin 2 m
125 in 4 = 176.78 in 4 sin 45
Then
I max, min = I ave R = ( 425 176.76 ) in 4 = ( 601.78, 248.22 ) in 4
or I max = 602 in 4 and I min = 248 in 4
Consider the regular pentagon shown, with centroidal axes x and y. Because the y axis is an axis of symmetry, it follows that I xy = 0. Since
I xy = 0,
the x and y axes must be principal axes. Assuming
I x = I max and I y = I min , the Mohrs circle is then drawn as shown.

Now rotate the coordinate axes through an angle as shown; the resulting moments of inertia, I x and I y , and product of inertia, I xy , are indicated on the Mohrs circle. However, the x axis is an axis of symmetry, which implies I xy = 0. For this to be possible on the Mohrs circle, the radius R must be equal to zero (thus, the circle degenerates into a point). With R = 0, it immediately follows that (a) (b)
I x = I y = I x = I y = I ave (for all moments of

inertia with respect to an axis through C)
I xy = I xy = 0 (for all products of inertia with respect to

all pairs of rectangular axes with origin at C)
First observe that for a given area A and origin O of a rectangular coordinate system, the values of I ave and R are the same for all orientations of the coordinate axes. Shown below is a Mohrs circle, with the moments of inertia, I x and I y , and the product of inertia. I xy , having been computed for an arbitrary orientation of the xy axes. From the Mohrs circle
I x = I ave + R cos 2
I y = I ave R cos 2 I xy = R sin 2

Then, forming the expression
2 I x I y I x y
2
2 I x I y I x y = ( I ave + R cos 2 )( I ave R cos 2 ) ( R sin 2 )
2 = I ave R 2 cos 2 2 R 2 sin 2 2
) (
2 = I ave R 2 which is a constant

2 I x I y I x y is independent of the orientation of the coordinate axes
Q.E.D. Shown is a Mohrs circle, with line OA, of length L, the required tangent. Noting that OAC is a right angle, it follows that
2 L2 = I ave R2
2 or L2 = I x I y I x y
Q.E.D.
From Problem 9.111 have, I x I y I xy = constant Now consider the following two cases Case 1: Case 2: Then or From Figure 9.13B: Now With then Finally
I x = I x , I x = I max ,
I y = I y , I y = I min ,
I xy = I xy I xy = 0
2 I x I y I xy = I max I min
I xy = I x I y I max I min
I x = 453 103 mm 4
I ave =
I y = 166 103 mm 4
1 1 Ix + I y = I max + I min 2 2
I max = 524 103 mm 4

I min = ( 453 + 166 524 ) 103 mm 4 = 95.0 103 mm 4
I xy =
103 mm 4 ( 453)(166 ) ( 524 )( 95.0 )
= 159.43 103 mm 4
The two roots corresponding to the following orientations of the cross section:
(a)
(a) I xy = 159.4 103 mm 4 (b) I xy = 159.4 103 mm 4
(b)
Mass = m = tA
I mass = tI area =
Area = A =
m I area A
1 2 a 2
I AA, area = I DD, area =

I AA, mass = I DD, mass =
1 4 1 4 a = a 2 4 8
m m 1 4 1 2 I AA, area = a = ma 1 2 A 8 4 a 2
(a)
I BB = I DD m ( AC ) =
1 2 4a ma m 4 3
= ( 0.25 0.1801) ma 2
(b) Eq. ( 9.38 ) :
I BB = 0.0699 ma 2
I CC = I AA + I BB
1 2 ma + 0.0699ma 2 4
I CC = 0.320 ma 2

Mass = m = V = tA
I mass = tI area =
m I area A
Area = A = r22 r12 = r22 r12
I AA, area =
r24
r14 =
(r
4 2
r14
(a) I AA, mass =
m m 4 1 I AA, area = r r14 = m r22 + r12 2 2 4 2 4 A r2 r1
)
I AA = 1 m r22 + r12 4
(b) By Symmetry: Eq. ( 9.38 ) :
I BB = I AA
I CC = I AA + I BB = 2 I AA
I CC =
1 m r22 + r12 2
First note
mass = m = V = tA
= t
(r
2 2
r12
Also
I mass = tI area
( )
m r22 r12
I area
(a) Using Figure 9.12, Then
I AA, area =
(r 16
4 2
r14
I AA, mass =
(
(
m r22
r12
)
)
16
(r
4 2
r14
= =
m 2 r2 + r12 4
m 2 1 r2 + r2 4 2
m5 = r22 44
or I AA =
(b) Symmetry implies Then,
5 mr22 16
I BB, mass = I AA, mass

I OO = I AA + I BB
5 = 2 mr22 16
5 2 mr2 8
continued
Now locate centroid C.
X A = xA
or
4r 4r X r22 r12 = 2 r22 1 r12 4 3 4 3 4 4

X = 4 r23 r13 3 r22 r12
r = X 2
or Now
1 r3 r2 4 2 2 14 2 2 = = r2 2 3 2 1 9 r2 r2 2
Finally or
I OO = I CC + mr 2
14 2 5 2 mr2 = I CC + m 9 r2 8
2
or ICC = 0.1347mr22

Locate centroid:
y1 = y2 =
Then
b 2 3 b 2
y =
A1 = 3ab A2 = ab
yi Ai i
b 3 ( 3ab ) + b ( ab ) 2 = 2 3ab + ab
=
Uniform thickness: (a)
3 b 4 3 m 4 m2 = 1 m 4
m is proportional to A
I AA = ( I AA )1 + ( I AA )2
m1 =
1 3 2 3 b 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 = m b + m + m b + m b 4 2 4 2 12 4 12 4
3 1 9 3 = mb 2 + + + 48 16 48 16
I AA =
(b) Have or
5 2 mb 6
I AA = I x + my 2
Ix = =
5 2 3 mb m b 6 4
13 2 mb 48
continued

Mass = m = V = tA m I mass = tI area = I area A 1 A = bh 2
(a)
Axis AA:
1 b 3 1 3 I AA, area = 2 h = hb 12 2 48 m m 1 3 1 I AA, mass = I AA, area = hb = mb 2 1 A 48 24 bh 2
I AA =
Axis BB:
I BB, area =
I BB, mass
1 3 bh 36 m m 1 3 1 = I BB, area = bh = mh 2 1 A 36 18 bh 2 I BB =
1 mb 2 24
(b)
Axis CC: Eq. (9.38):
1 mh 2 18
I CC = I AA + I BB 1 1 = mb 2 + mh 2 24 18
I CC =
m 3b 2 + 4h 2 72

From Prob. 9.117: 1 I AA = mb 2 24 1 I BB = mh 2 18
Note that AA and BB are centroidal axes. 1 mb 2 + md 2 Hence I DD = I AA + md 2 = 24
I DD = I EE = I BB + md 2 = 1 mh 2 + md 2 18 I EE =
m 2 b + 24d 2 24
) )
m 2 h + 18d 2 18

mass = m = V = tA
1 = t ( 2a )( a ) + ( 2a )( a ) 2
First note
= 3 ta 2
Also
I mass = tI area
=
(a) Now
m I area 3a 2
I x, area = ( I x )1, area + ( I x )2, area
= =
Then
1 1 ( 2a )( a )3 + ( 2a )( a )3 3 12
5 4 a 6 m 5 a4 2 6 3a or I x, mass = 5 ma 2 18
I x, mass =
(b) Have
I z, area = ( I z )1, area + ( I z )2, area

2 1 1 1 3 3 1 = ( a )( 2a ) + ( a )( 2a ) + ( 2a )( a ) 2a + 2a 2 3 3 36
= 10a 4
Then
I z, mass =
m 10a 4 3a 2 10 2 ma 3
=
Finally,
I y, mass = I x, mass + I z, mass
= =
5 10 2 ma 2 + ma 18 3 65 2 ma 18
or I y, mass = 3.61ma 2

First locate the centroid C
X A = xA:
or
1 X 2a 2 + a 2 = a 2a 2 + 2a + 2a a 2 3
( )
( )
X =
14 a 9
Z A = zA:
or (a) Have
1 1 Z 2a 2 + a 2 = a 2a 2 + a a 2 2 3
( )
(
( )
)
Z =
4 a 9
I y, mass = I CC , mass + m X 2 + Z 2
I y, mass =
I cc, mass =
65 2 ma 18
Then
14 2 4 2 65 2 ma m a + a 18 9 9
or I cc = 0.994 ma 2
(b) Have and Then
I x, mass = I BB, mass + m Z
( )
I AA, mass = I BB, mass + m (1.5a )
I AA, mass = I x, mass
2 2 4 + m (1.5a ) a 9
I x, mass =
I AA, mass =
5 ma 2 18
2 5 2 4 ma 2 + m (1.5a ) a 18 9
Then
or I AA = 2.33ma 2
At Then Now
x = a, y = b:
y = b 2 x a2
b = ka 2
or
k =
b a2
dm = r 2 dx
( )
b = 2 x 2 dx a
Then
m =
b2 a 4 x dx a4 0
a
1 b2 = 4 x5 5 a 0 =
1 ab 2 5
or
5m ab 2
Now
2 2 1 b 1 b d I x = r 2 dm = 2 x 2 2 x 2 dx 2 a 2 a
5m 1 b 2 4 b 2 4 5 b2 8 x x dx = m x dx 2 a9 ab 2 2 a 4 a4
a
Then..
5 b2 a 5 b2 1 I x = m 9 0 x8dx = m 9 x9 2 a 2 a 9 0
or I x =
5 mb 2 18

r1 = 2 r2
a = L m = V
Now
or Now
2 2 = ( 2L )( 2r2 ) ( L )( r2 ) 3 3 7 = Lr22 3 3 m = 7 Lr22 r r r = 2 1 x + r1 L x = r2 2 L

dI z = dI z + x 2dm 1 = ( dm ) r 2 + x 2dm 4
Have Where
dm = dV
= r 2dx
1 dI z = r 4 + r 2 x 2 dx 4
4 2 x x 1 = r2 2 + x 2 r2 2 4 L L
Then
Iz =
4 3 m 2 L1 2 x x x2 2 2 4 4 r r + x + dx 2 0 2 7 Lr22 L L L2 4
( )
5 3 m 1 2 1 x 4 x 4 1 x5 = + r2 ( L ) 2 + x3 7 L L 3 L 5 L2 4 5 0
Iz =
m 93r22 + 32L2 140

At Then Now
x = 2a
2a = k ( 2a )
or
k =
y=
1 3 x 4a 2
1 4a 2
dm = r 2dx
)
2
6 1 = 2 x3 dx = x dx 16a 4 4a
Then
m=
=
16a 4
4
2a 6 a x dx
2a
1
16a 7
=
a
127 = a3 ( 2a )7 ( a )7 4 112 112a
or = (a) Now
112m 127a3
2
1 1 1 6 d I x = r 2 dm = 2 x3 x dx 4 2 2 4 a 16a
=
1 6 112m 7m x6 x dx = x12dx 4 3 4 11 32a 127a 16a 4064a

2a
Then
Ix = =
7m 7m 1 13 2a 12 x dx = 4064a11 13 x 4064a11 a a
7m 57337 2 = ma = 1.0853ma 2 ( 2a )13 ( a )13 52832 52832a11
or I x = 1.085ma 2
continued
(b) Have
2 1 1 6 1 dI y = r 2 + x 2 dm = 2 x3 + x 2 x dx 4 4 4 4a 16a
1 112m 1 12 x + x8 dx 4 16a 127a3 64a 4

2a
7m 2a 1 12 7m 1 1 x + x8 dx = x13 + x9 Then I y = 7 a 4 7 4 9 a 127a 127a 832a 64a = = 7m 1 1 1 1 9 13 9 13 2a ) + ( 2a ) a (a) 7 4( 4( ) 9 9 127a 832a 832a 7m 8191 9 511 9 a + a = 3.67211ma 2 7 832 9 127a
or I y = 3.67 ma 2
For the element shown:
ab y y dm = dV = a b dy = 2 y 2dy h h h
dIx =
Parallel-axis theorem
1 y 1 b 2 2 ab 2 1 ab3 4 y 2 y dy = y dy b dm = 2 12 h 12 h 12 h 4 h 1 y where d 2 = y 2 + b 2 h
2
dI x = dI x + d 2dm
=
1 ab3 4 1 y 2 ab 4 y dy + y 2 + b 2 2 2 y 2dy 12 h 4 h h
ab3 ab 4 = 3 h4 + h2 y dy
ab3 ab h 4 ab3h abh3 I x = dI x = y dy + = + 4 2 0 3 h 15 5 h
For pyramid, Thus
m = v =
1 abh 3
Ix = 1 m b 2 + 3h 2 5
1 b 2 3h 2 I x = abh + 5 3 5
For the element shown:
ab y y dm = b a dy = 2 y 2dy h h h
For thin plate:
dI y = dI x + dI z
= =
1 y 1 y 1 2 2 2 b dm + a dm = 2 b + a y dm 3 h 3 h 3h
1 ab ab 2 a 2 + b 2 y 2 2 y 2dy = a + b 2 y 4dy 2 4 3h h 3h
I y = dI y =
For pyramid,
ab
3h
4
(a
+ b2
h 0
y 4dy =
ab
15
(a
+ b2 h
m = V =
1 abh 3
1 1 I y = abh a 2 + b 2 3 5
Iy =
1 m a 2 + b2 5

r 2 = y 2 + z 2 = kx :
At
x = h,
a2 x h
r = a;
a 2 = kh;
k=
a2 h
Thus, r 2 =
Have dm = r 2dx = Then m =

h
a2 xdx h
h
0 dm = h 0 xdx
a2
=
Now
1 a 2h 2
dI y = dI y + x 2dm =
1 a2 1 2 r dm + x 2dm = x + x2 dm 4 4 h
So
2 a2 h h 1 a 2 I y = 0 dI y = 0 x x xdx + 4 h h
a2 h 1 a2 2 x + x3 0 dx h 4 h
= =
a 2 1 a 2 h3 h 4 + h 4 4 h 3
Recall:
1 a 2h a 2 + 3h 2 12 1 m = a 2h 2
)
)
or or
1 1 I y = a 2h a 2 + 3h 2 2 6
I y = m a 2 + 3h 2
ky =
)
)
6
6
And
2 = ky
Iy m
= a 2 + 3h 2
(a
+ 3h 2

1
First note
dy = dx
Then
dy 1+ dx
2 2 2 x a 3 x 3 2 2 2 = 1 + x 3 a3 x3
1 3
a 3 = x
For the element shown
dy dm = mdL = m 1 + dx dx
a 3 = m dx x
1
Then
Now
1 2 3 3 m = dm = m 1 dx = ma 3 x 3 = ma 2 2 0 x3 1 3 2 2 3 a a 2 3 3 I x = y dm = 0 a x m 1 dx x3 a 0
a3
2 1 4 1 2 5 a a 3 x 3 + 3a 3 x x 3 dx 3 = ma 3 0 a 1 3 x
=
1 ma 3 2 4 4 2 8 3 9 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 a x a x + a x x 2 4 2 8 0 a
3 9 3 3 3 = ma3 + = ma3 2 4 2 8 8
or I x =
Symmetry implies
1 2 ma 4 1 I y = ma 2 4
continued
Alternative Solution
I y = x dm =
a 0
1 5 a 3 3 x m 1 dx = m a 0 x dx x3
2
a3
1 ma 3
8 3 3 x 3 = ma3 8 8 0
=
Also
1 2 ma 4
I z = x 2 + y 2 dm = I y + I x
or I z =
1 2 ma 2

h x+h a 2
For line BC
=
Also
h ( a 2x ) a
1 m = V = t ah 2
=
1 tah 2
(a) Have
dI x =
=
1 2 dm + dm 12 2
1 2 dm 3
where Then
dm = t dx
a 1 2 I x = dI x = 2 0 2 ( t dx ) 3
a h 2 2 t 0 a ( a 2 x ) dx 3
2 h3 1 1 2 = t 3 ( a 2 x )4 0 3 a 4 2 = =
1 h3 t 3 ( a a )4 ( a )4 12 a
1 tah3 12
or I x =
continued
1 2 mh 6
Now and
I = x 2dm
2 x 2 t dx I = x 2dm = 2 0 ( ) a
a 2 x 2 h a 2 x dx = 2 t 0 ) a (
h a 1 2 = 2 t x3 x 4 a 3 4 0 h a a 1a = 2 t a 4 2 3 2
3 4
=
(b) Have
1 1 ta3h = ma 2 48 24
2 2 I y = ry2dm = x + ( sin ) dm
= x 2dm + sin 2 2dm

Now
I x = 2dm I y = I + I x sin 2
1 1 ma 2 + mh 2 sin 2 24 6 m 2 a + 4h 2 sin 2 24
or I y =
(c) Have
I z = rz2dm = x 2 + y 2 dm
2 = x 2 + ( cos ) dm
= x 2dm + cos 2 2dm = I + I x cos 2 =
1 1 ma 2 + mh 2 cos 2 24 6
or I z = m 2 a + 4h 2 cos 2 24
Chapter 9, Solution 129. Mass of cylindrical ring:

m = V
= =

4 g
2 2 d 2 d1 t g4 4
(d
2 2
d12 t
Now treat the wheel as a series of 4 concentric rings. (Note - the steel is treated as a large ring minus two smaller rings.)
mwheel = mring
=
0.310 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s +
2
1.5 in. 0.7 2 0.52 in 2 1.5 in. 4.42 0.7 2 in 2 1.1 in. 42 1.22 in 2 2
0.284 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
2 +
0.284 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
0.043 lb/in 3
4 32.2 ft/s 2
1.5 in. 52 4.42 in 2 s ) lbft

2
mwheel = 2.7221 103 + 196.072 103 110.945 103 + 8.8730 103

= 96.722 103
lb s 2 ft
continued
For a cylindrical ring:
( I AA )ring =
=
1 d2 1 d m2 m1 1 2 2 2 2
1 t 2 2 1 t 2 2 d2 d2 d1 d1 8 4 g 8 4 g t 4 d 2 d14 = 32 g
= =
Then:
t
32 g
(d (
2 2
2 d12 d 2 + d12
)( )
1 2 mring d 2 + d12 8
I AA = ( I AA )ring
2 1ft 1 3 lb s = 2.7221 10 0.7 2 + 0.52 in 2 8 ft 12 in.
2 1 ft 1 3 lb s 196.072 10 4.42 + 0.7 2 in 2 + 8 ft 12 in.
2 1 ft 1 2 2 2 3 lb s + 110.945 10 4 1.2 in 8 ft 12 in.
= 1.74857 106 + 3.3785 103 1.67958 103 + 341.67 106 lb ft s 2 = 2.0423 103 lb ft s 2
2 1 ft 1 3 lb s 2 8.8730 10 5 + 4.42 in 2 + 8 ft 12 in.
I AA = 2.04 103 lb ft s 2
And
k AA =
I AA m
2.04 103 lb ft s 2 96.722 103 lb s 2/ft

k AA = 1.744 in.
= 0.145311 ft
First note for the cylindrical ring shown that
m = V = t
and, using Figure 9.28, that
(d 4
2 2
d12 =
2 t d2 d12
I AA
1 d 1 d = m2 2 m1 1 2 2 2 2
= = = =
1 2 2 2 2 t d 2 d 2 t d1 d1 8 4 4
1 4 4 t d 2 d1 8 4
1 2 2 2 2 t d 2 d1 d 2 + d1 8 4
)(
1 2 m d12 + d 2 8
)
2 2 ( 0.006 m )
Now treat the roller as three concentric rings and, working from the bronze outward, have Have
m=
{(8580 kg/m ) ( 0.0195 m ) ( 0.009 m )

3
( 0.012 m )2 ( 0.009 m )2 + 2770 kg/m 3 ( 0.0165 m )

2 2 + 1250 kg/m 3 ( 0.0165 m ) ( 0.027 m ) ( 0.012 m )
[7.52895 + 2.87942 + 12.06563] 103 kg 4 = 5.9132 103 kg + 2.26149 10 3 kg

= + 9.47632 103 kg = 17.6510 103 kg
continued
And
I AA =
1 5.9132 103 kg m2 ( 0.006 )2 + ( 0.009 )2 8
{(
(
+ 2.26149 103 kg m2 ( 0.009 )2 + ( 0.012 )2
+ 9.47632 103 kg m2 ( 0.012 )2 + ( 0.027 )2 =

1 ( 691.844 + 508.835 + 8272.827 )109 kg m 2 8
= 1.18419 106 kg m 2
or I AA = 1.184 106 kg m 2
Now
2 k AA =
I AA 1.18419 106 kg m 2 = m 17.6510 103 kg
= 67.08902 106 m 2
k AA = 8.19079 103 m
or k AA = 8.19 mm
Chapter 9, Solution 131. from Consider shell to be formed by removing hemisphere of radius r hemisphere of radius r + t. For hemisphere:
I = 2 2 mr 5 Area = 1 4 r 2 = 2 r 2 2
m = V =
1 4 3 2 r = r 3 2 3 3
I = 2 2 4 3 2 r 5 r r = 53 15
Thus For hemispherical shell:

I =
4 4 5 4 3 2 5 ... = ( r + t )5 r 5 r + 5r t + 10r t + r 15 15 4 r 4t 3
Neglect terms with powers of t > 1,

I =
Mass of shell:
I = 2 r 2t
m = V = tA = t 2 r 2 = 2 r 2t
r )2 3
2 2 mr 3
I =
2 2 mr 3
Radius of gyration:
k2 = I 2 = r2 m 3
k = 0.816r
Chapter 9, Solution 132. For solid cylinder:

I = 1 2 ma 2 1 a 4h 2
m = V = a 2h
I =
For ring:
I AA = 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 a2 h a1 h = h a2 a1 2 2 2
2 2 m = h a2 a1
(a) By parallel-axis theorem

2 I BB = I AA + ma1 =
1 4 4 2 2 2 h a2 a1 + h a2 a1 a1 2
I BB =
1 4 2 2 4 h a2 + 2a2 a1 3a1 2
(b) For Maximum I BB :

dI BB 1 2 3 a1 12a1 = h 4a2 =0 da1 2
a1 = 0;
2 2 4 a2 3a1 =0
2 a1 =
1 2 a2 3
a1 =
1 a2 3
(c) Maximum I BB :
I BB =
= =
2 4 1 a2 4 2 a2 3 h a2 + 2a2 2 3 3
1 4 2 4 1 4 h a2 + a2 a2 2 3 3 1 4 4 h a2 2 3
I BB =
2 4 ha2 3
First note and Now
L L 240 = 120 80
m = stV
or
L = 720 mm
2 1 2 m1 = st a1 h1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.120 m ) ( 0.720 m ) 3 3
= 85.230 kg
3 2 3 2 3 m2 = st a2 = 7850 kg/m ( 0.090 m ) = 11.9855 kg 3 3 2 1 2 m3 = st a3 h3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.080 m ) ( 0.720 0.240 ) m 3 3
= 25.253 kg
Now
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
continued
(b) Have
( IGG )cup ( I AA )cup
= 0.01
or
5 5 mcup a 2 = 0.01mcup a 2 + 2la + l 2 12 3

a l
( From Part a )
Now let = Then or
5 5 2 = 0.12 2 + 2 + 1 3
40 2 2 1 = 0
Then or
( 2 )2 4 ( 40 )( 1) 2 ( 40 )
and
= 0.1851
= 0.1351
a = 0.1851 l
Have (a) and
dB =
4 d A = ( 0.33333 d A ) ft 12
2 I AA = I GG + md A 2 I BB = I GG + md B
Then
2 2 I BB I AA = m d B dA
2 = m ( 0.33333 d A )2 d A
= m ( 0.11111 0.66666d A )
Then
(1.26 0.6 ) 103 lb ft s 2

=
0.40 lb ( 0.11111 0.66666d A ) ft 2 32.2 ft/s 2

d A = 1.044 in.
or or (b) or
d A = 0.08697 ft
2 I AA = I GG + md A
I GG = 0.6 103 lb ft s 2
0.4 lb 2 0.08697 ft ) 2( 32.2 ft /s
= 0.50604 103 lb ft s 2
Then
2 kGG =
I GG 0.50604 103 lb ft s 2 = 0.4 lb m 32.2 ft/s 2
= 0.04074 ft 2
kGG = 0.20183 ft = 2.4219 in. or kGG = 2.42 in.
(a) First note and
marm = Varm =
d 2l
dmcup = dVcup
= ( 2 a cos )( t )( ad )
Then
2 2 a 2t cos d mcup = dmcup = 0
2 = 2 a 2t [sin ]0
= 2 a 2t
Now
( I AA )anem. = ( I AA )cups + ( I AA )arms
Using the parallel-axis theorem and assuming the arms are slender rods, have
( I AA )anem.
2 = 3 ( I GG )cup + mcup d AG
2 + 3 I arm + marm d AGarm

2 2 5 a = 3 mcup a 2 + mcup ( l + a ) + 12 2
2 1 l +3 marml 2 + marm 2 2
5 = 3mcup a 2 + 2la + l 2 + marml 2 3
5 = 3 2 a 2t a 2 + 2la + l 2 + d 2l l 2 3 4
( )
or
( I AA )anem
5 a2 d 2l a = l 2 6a 2t + + 2 1 3 l2 + 4 l
continued
First note And
m1 = V1 = b 2 L m2 = V2 = a 2 L
I AA = ( I AA )1 ( I AA )2
2 1 a 2 2 = m1 b + b + m1 2 12
(a) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem, have
2 1 a m2 a 2 + a 2 + m2 2 12
1 1 5 = b2 L b2 + a 2 a 2 L a 2 4 6 12
=
Then or Also Now, for
( 2b 12
+ 3b 2a 2 5a 4
) )
3 10
dI AA L = 6b 2a 20a3 = 0 12 da
a=0
and
a=b
d 2 I AA L 1 6b 2 60a 2 = L b 2 10a 2 = 2 12 2 da
a = 0,
d 2 I AA >0 da 2
and for
a=b a=b
3 d 2 I AA , <0 10 da 2 3 10
( I AA )max
occurs when
a = 84
or
3 = 46.009 mm 10
a = 46.0 mm
continued
(b) From part (a)
( I AA )mass
2 4 3 3 2b + 3b b = 5 b 10 10 12
49 49 4 Lb 4 = 2800 kg/m 3 ( 0.3 m )( 0.084 m ) 240 240
= 8.5385 103 kg m 2
or
and where
( I AA )mass
m
= 8.54 103 kg m 2
2 k AA =
( I AA )mass
m = m1 m2 = L b a
Then
2 k AA
2 3 2 = 7 Lb 2 = L b b 10 10
49 Lb 4 7 2 7 240 b = = = (84 mm )2 = 2058 mm 2 7 24 24 2 Lb 10
k AA = 45.3652 mm
or k AA = 45.4 mm

m = V
=
tA
3
Then:
m1 =
1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 0.08 in. ( 3.6 in.)(1.2 in.) 2 32.2 ft/s 12 in.
lb s 2 ft
= 3.0435 103
1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 1 m2 = 0.08 in. (1.8 in.)(1.2 in.) 2 2 32.2 ft/s 12 in. = 760.87 106
lb s 2 ft
3
1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 2 0.08 in. (1.8 in.) m3 = 2 2 32.2 ft/s 12 in. = 3.5855 103
Now
lb s 2 ft
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2 2 1 2 1 ft 3 lb s Ix = (1.2 in.) 3.0435 10 ft 3 12 in. 2 2 2 1 6 lb s 6 lb s 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 ft + 1.8 + 1.2 in + 0.6 + 0.4 in 760.87 10 760.87 10 ft ft 18 12 in.
2 2 2 1 ft 3 lb s 1 + 3.5855 10 (1.8 in.) ft 4 12 in.
= 10.1450 106 + 1.37379 106 + 2.7476 106 + 20.168 106 lb ft s 2
) (
) (
= 34.435 106 lb ft s 2
I x = 34.4 lb ft s 2
continued
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
2 2 1 2 1 ft 3 lb s = 3.0435 10 3.6 in. ) ( ft 3 12 in. 2 2 2 1 2 6 lb s 6 lb s 2 2 2 1 ft + + + 760.87 10 1.8 in. 760.87 10 1.8 0.6 in ) ( ft ft 18 12 in.
2 2 2 2 2 16 2 1 ft 2 3 lb s 1 3 lb s 4 1.8 + 1.8 in.) + 3.5855 10 3.5855 10 + 1.8 in 2 ( ft ft 3 2 9 12 in.
= 91.305 106 + 0.95109 106 + 19.0218 106 + 25.805 10 6 + 92.205 106 lb ft s 2 = 232 106 lb ft s 2
) (
) (
I y = 232 106 lb ft s 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
2 2 1 3 lb s 2 2 2 1 ft = + 3.0435 10 3.6 1.2 in ft 3 12 in.
2 2 2 1 2 6 lb s 6 lb s 2 2 2 1 ft + + + 760.87 10 1.2 in. 760.87 10 1.8 0.4 in ) ( ft ft 18 12 in.
2 2 2 1 2 2 1 ft 3 lb s 3 lb s 3.5855 10 1.8 in. 3.5855 10 1.8 in. + + ) ) ( ( ft ft 4 12 in.
= 101.45 106 + 0.42271 106 + 17.9650 106 + 100.842 106 lb ft s 2
) (
) (
= 221 106 lb ft s 2
I z = 221 106 lb ft s 2
To the Instructor: The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of thin plates and a half cylindrical shell are derived at this time for use in the solutions of Problems 9.1379.142. Thin rectangular plate
( I x )m
= I x =
( )m + md 2
b 2 h 2 1 m b 2 + h 2 + m + 12 2 2
1 m b2 + h2 3
)
2
( I y )m = ( I y )m + md 2
= 1 b mb 2 + m 12 2
1 2 mb 3
I z = I z
( )m + md 2
2
1 h = mh 2 + m 12 2 =
1 2 mh 3
Thin triangular plate Have
1 m = V = bht 2
I z, area = 1 3 bh 36
and Then
I z, mass = tI z, area
= t =
1 3 bh 36
1 mh 2 18
continued
Similarly, Now
I y, mass =
I x, mass = I y, mass + I z, mass =
1 m b2 + h2 18
1 mb 2 18
Thin semicircular plate Have
m = V = a 2t 2
I y, area = I z, area =
And Then
a4
I y, mass = I z , mass = tI y, area
= t =
Now Also
a4
1 2 ma 4 I x, mass = I y, mass + I z, mass = 1 2 ma 2
I x, mass = I x, mass + my 2
or
1 I x, mass = m 2
And
I z, mass = I z, mass + my 2
or
1 I z, mass = m 4
Thin quarter-circular plate Have
m = V = a 2t 4
I y, area = I z, area =
y = z =
4a 3
and Then
16
a4
I y, mass = I z, mass = tI y, area
= t =
16
a4
1 2 ma 4
continued
Now Also or and or
I x, mass = I y, mass + I z, mass =
1 2 ma 2
I x, mass = I x, mass + m y 2 + z 2
32 2 1 I x, mass = m a 2 2 9
I y, mass = I y, mass + mz 2
16 2 1 I y, mass = m a 2 4 9
First compute the mass of each component. Have m = stV = st tA
m1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m )( 0.70 m )( 0.780 m ) = 12.858 kg 2 m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.39 m ) = 5.6265 kg 2
1 m3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.780 m )( 0.3 m ) = 2.7554 kg 2
Using Fig. 9.28 for component
and the equations derived above for components
and
have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2 1 2 0.78 2 = (12.858 kg ) ( 0.78 ) + m 2 12
2 1 16 2 4 0.39 2 2 0.39 + ( 5.6265 kg ) + ) + ( 0.39 ) m 2 ( 2 9 3
2 2 2 2 0.78 2 1 0.30 + ( 2.7554 kg ) + + 0.78 ) + ( 0.30 ) ( m 3 3 18
= ( 2.6076 + 1.2836 + 0.3207 ) kg m 2 = 4.2119 kg m 2

or I x = 4.21 kg m 2
continued
And
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 0.7 ) + ( 0.78 ) 0.7 ) + ( 0.78) m = (12.858 kg ) + ( ( 4 12

2 2 1 + ( 5.6265 kg ) ( 0.39 ) + ( 0.39 ) m 2 4
2 2 2 1 4 0.78 + ( 2.7554 kg ) ( 0.78 ) + ( 0.7 ) + m 3 18
= ( 4.7077 + 1.0697 + 1.6295 ) kg m 2 = 7.4069 kg m 2

or I y = 7.41 kg m 2 And
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
1 2 1 = (12.858 kg ) ( 0.7 ) + m 2 12 4
2 1 + ( 5.6265 kg ) ( 0.39 ) m 2 4
2 2 2 1 2 0.30 + ( 2.7554 kg ) ( 0.3) + ( 0.70 ) + m 3 18
= ( 2.1001 + 0.21395 + 1.39145 ) kg m 2 = 3.7055 kg m 2
or I z = 3.71 kg m 2

t = 2 mm
= 7850 kg/m3
Part
m1 = V = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.08 m )( 0.1 m )( 0.002 m ) = 0.1256 kg
I x = I x + md 2 =
1 2 2 0.1 m ) + ( 0.04 m ) ( 0.1256 kg )( 0.08 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 12
= 66.99 106 + 1.457 103 kg m 2 = 1.524 10 3 kg m 2
I y = I y + md 2 =
1 2 2 ( 0.1256 kg )( 0.1 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.05 m ) + ( 0.1 m ) 12
= 0.1047 103 + 1.57 103 kg m 2 = 1.675 103 kg m 2

I z = I z + md 2 = 1 ( 0.1 m )2 + ( 0.08 m )2 + ( 0.1256 kg ) ( 0.05 m )2 + ( 0.04 m )2 ( 0.1256 kg ) 12
Part
m2
( ) = V = ( 7850 kg/m ) ( 0.2 m )( 0.2 m )( 0.002 m ) = 0.628 kg

3
= 0.1717 103 + 0.515 103 kg m 2 = 0.687 103 kg m 2
Ix =
1 1 ma 2 = ( 0.628 kg )( 0.2 m )2 = 2.093 103 kg m 2 12 12

continued
Iy = Iz =
Part
1 1 m a2 + b2 = = 4.187 103 kg m 2 ( 0.628 kg ) ( 0.2 m )2 + ( 0.2 m )2 12 12
1 1 mb 2 = ( 0.628 kg )( 0.2 m )2 = 2.093 103 kg m 2 12 12
: Same values as Part
Total mass moment of inertia:

I x = 2 1.524 103 kg m 2 + 2.093 103 kg m 2
I x = 5.14 103 kg m 2
I y = 7.54 103 kg m 2
I y = 2 1.675 103 kg m 2 + 4.187 103 kg m 2 I z = 2 0.687 103 kg m 2 + 2.093 103 kg m 2
I z = 3.47 103 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component Have Now
m = V = At
m1 = 7530 kg/m 3 ( 0.002 m )( 0.045 m )( 0.070 m ) = 0.047439 kg m2
3
( ) = ( 7530 kg/m ) ( 0.002 m )( 0.045 m )( 0.020 m ) = 0.013554 kg ( )

1 ( 0.04 m )( 0.095 m ) = 0.028614 kg 2
, have and and the equations derived above for components
m3 = 7530 kg/m 3 ( 0.002 m )

Using Fig. 9.28 for components
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3
2 2 1 1 2 = ( 0.047439 kg ) ( 0.07 ) m 2 + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.020 ) + ( 0.07 )2 + ( 0.01)2 m 3 12
1 1 2 + ( 0.028614 kg ) + ( 0.095)2 + ( 0.04 )2 ( 2 0.095)2 + ( 0.040 )2 m 9 18

3 2 3 2 = ( 0.077484 + 0.068222 + 0.136751) 10 kg m = 0.282457 10 kg m
or I x = 0.2825 103 kg m 2
continued
continued
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
2 1 1 2 = ( 0.047439 kg ) ( 0.045 ) m 2 + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.045 )2 + ( 0.02 )2 m 3 3
1 2 2 2 1 + ( 0.028614 kg ) ( 0.04 ) + ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.04 ) m 2 9 18

3 2 3 2 = ( 0.03202 + 0.010956 + 0.065574 ) 10 kg m = 0.10855 10 kg m
or I y = 0.1086 103 kg m 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3
2 2 1 2 21 2 2 = ( 0.047439 kg ) m + ( 0.013554 kg ) ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.070 ) m ( 0.045 ) + ( 0.070 ) 3 3

2 1 2 2 + ( 0.028614 kg ) ( 0.095 ) + 0.0452 + 0.095 m 2 3 18
3 3 = ( 0.0109505 + 0.075564 + 0.187064 ) 10 kg m
= 0.37213 103 kg m 2
or I z = 0.372 103 kg m 2

t = 0.1 in.
st = 490 lb/ft 3
Have m = stV =
st
g
tA
m=
490 lb/ft 3 0.1 ft A 32.2 ft/s 2 12
lb s 2 2 = 0.126812 ft A ft
Then
lb s 2 2 16 12 2 lb s 2 m1 = 0.126812 ft ft = 0.169083 ft ft 12 12 lb s 2 2 16 9 2 lb s 2 m2 = 0.126812 ft ft = 0.126812 ft ft 12 12

lb s 2 2 1 12 9 2 lb s 2 m3 = 0.126812 ft ft = 0.047555 2 12 12 ft ft
2 lb s 2 2 5 2 lb s 2 m4 = 0.126812 ft ft 0.034583 = 2 ft ft 12
Using Fig. 9.28 for components have
and
and the equations derived previously for components
and
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 ( I x )4
Where
( I x )1 ( I x )2
( I x )3
1 lb s 2 12 0.169083 ft = 0.056361 lb ft s 2 = 3 ft 12
=
1 lb s 2 9 0.126812 ft = 0.023777 lb ft s 2 3 ft 12
2 2 2 2 lb s 2 1 12 2 9 4 3 0.047555 = + + + ft 18 ft 12 12 12 12
continued
= 0.0123841 lb ft s 2
( I x )4
1 lb s 2 5 0.034583 ft = 0.00150100 lb ft s 2 4 ft 12
Then I x = ( 0.056361 + 0.023777 + 0.0123841 0.00150100 ) lb ft s 2
I x = 91.0 103 lb ft s 2
Iy = Iy
Where
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 ( I y )4
( )1
Iy
2 2 1 lb s 2 16 12 2 2 0.169083 + ft = 0.156558 lb ft s 3 ft 12 12
2
( I y )2
1 lb s 2 16 2 0.126812 = ft = 0.075148 lb ft s 3 ft 12
lb s ( I y )3 = 0.047555 ft
lb s ( I y )4 = 0.034583 ft
1 12 2 4 2 2 2 + ft = 0.0079258 lb ft s 18 12 12
2 2 8 2 4 16 5 5 2 1 + + ft ft 2 3 12 2 9 12 12
= 0.0183722 lb ft s 2
Then I y = ( 0.156558 + 0.075148 + 0.0079258 0.0183722 ) lb ft s 2
I y = 221 103 lb ft s 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
Where
( I z )1 =
( I z )2
=
1 lb s 2 16 0.169083 ft = 0.100197 lb ft s 2 3 ft 12
2 2 1 lb s 2 16 9 2 2 0.126812 + ft = 0.098925 lb ft s 3 ft 12 12
2 2 lb s 2 1 9 3 2 2 0.047555 I = + ( z )3 ft = 0.0044583 lb ft s 18 ft 12 12
( I z )4
2 2 lb s 2 1 5 8 2 0.034583 ft ft = + = 0.0168712 lb ft s 4 ft 12 12
Then I z = ( 0.100197 + 0.098925 + 0.0044583 0.0168712 ) lb ft s 2
I z = 186.7 103 lb ft s 2
Have Then
m = cuV = cu tA
m1 = m2 = 8940 kg/m 3 ( 0.0008 m )(1.2 m )( 0.15 m )

= 1.28736 kg
Using Fig. 9.28 for components
and
, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 and ( I x )1 = ( I x )2
Then
2 1 I x = 2 (1.28736 kg )( 0.15 m ) = 0.0193104 kg m 2 3
I x = 19.31 103 kg m 2
Also Where and
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2
(1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 = 0.62759 kg m 2 (1.28736 kg ) ( I y )1 = 1 3
( I y )2 = ry2 dm
ry2 = x 2 + z 2 = x 2 + ( cos 30 )
dm = dV = cu td dx
2
Then
( I y )2 = cu t 0L 0a ( x2 + 2 cos2 30) d dx
continued
1 L = cu t 0 ax 2 + a3 cos 2 30 dx 3
= = =
Thus
1 cu t aL3 + a3L cos2 30 3
where V = aLt
1 m2 L2 + a 2 cos 2 30 3
1 (1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 cos 2 30 = 0.62517 kg m 2 (1.28736 kg ) 3
I y = ( 0.62759 + 0.62517 ) kg m 2 I y = 1.253 kg m 2
Also Where and
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
( I z )1 = (1.28736 kg )(1.2 m )2
( I z )2
= rz2dm
1 3
= 0.61793 kg m 2
rz2 = x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + ( sin 30 )
dm = dV = cu td dx
Then
( I z )2
= cu t 0 0 x 2 + 2 sin 2 30 d dx
1 L = cu t 0 ax 2 + a3 sin 2 30 dx 3
= = =
1 cu t aL3 + a3 L sin 2 30 3
where V = aLt
1 m2 L2 + a 2 sin 2 30 3
1 (1.2 m )2 + ( 0.15 m )2 sin 2 30 (1.28736 kg ) 3
= 0.62035 kg m 2
Thus
I z = ( 0.61793 + 0.62035 ) kg m 2
I z = 1.238 kg m 2
g 0.284 lb/in 3 V 32.2 ft/s 2
Have
m = V =
V =
= 0.0088199 lb s 2/ft in 3 V
2 in 3 = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft Then m1 = 0.0088199 lb s 2 /ft in 3 ( 4 ) ( 2 ) 2 m2 = 0.0088199 lb s 2/ft in 3 (1) ( 3) in 3 = 0.083126 lb s 2/ft 2 in 3 = 0.055417 lb s 2/ft m3 = 0.0088199 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1) ( 2 )
Using Fig. 9-28 and the parallel theorem, have (a)
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 ( I x )3
2 2 2 1 1 ft 3( 4) + ( 2) = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft + (1) in 2 12 12 in.
2 2 2 1 1 ft + 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft 3 (1) + ( 3) + (1.5 ) in 2 12 12 in.
2 2 2 1 1 ft 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft + (1) in. 3 (1) + ( 2 ) 12 12 in.
= 0.034106 lb ft s 2
or I x = 0.0341 lb ft s 2
continued
(b)
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 ( I y )3
2 1 1 ft = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft ( 4 ) in 2 2 12 in.
2 1 2 1 ft + 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft (1) + ( 2 ) in 2 2 12 in.
2 1 2 1 ft 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft (1) + ( 2 ) in 2 2 12 in.
= 5.0125 102 lb ft s 2
or I y = 0.0501 lb ft s 2
(c )
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 ( I z )3
2 2 2 1 1 ft = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft + (1) in 2 3( 4) + ( 2) 12 12 in.
2 2 1 2 1 ft ( 2 )2 + (1.5 )2 3 (1) + ( 3) in + 0.083126 lb s 2 /ft + 12 12 in.
2 2 1 2 1 ft ( 2 )2 + (1)2 3 (1) + ( 2 ) in 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft + 12 12 in.
= 0.034876 lb ft s 2
or I z = 0.0349 lb ft s 2

Have Then
m = steel V
m1 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.200 0.120 0.600 ) m 3
= 113.040 kg
m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.200 0.080 0.360 ) m 3
= 45.216 kg
2 m3 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.100 ) ( 0.120 ) m 3 2
= 14.7969 kg
2 m3 m4 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.050 ) ( 0.120 )
= 7.3985 kg
Using Figure 9.28 for components Now and and the equations derived above for components and , have
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3
where
( )1
Iy
0.600 2 0.200 2 2 2 1 2 = (113.040 kg ) + + 0.600 0.200 ( ) ( ) + m 12 2 2
= 15.0720 kg m 2
continued
( )2
Iy
0.360 2 0.200 2 2 2 1 2 0.360 0.200 = ( 45.216 kg ) + + ) ( ) + m ( 12 2 2
= 2.5562 kg m 2
( )3
Iy
2 16 4 0.100 2 2 1 2 = (14.7969 kg ) + + + 0.100 0.100 0.600 ( ) ( ) m 2 2 3 9
= 6.3024 kg m 2
2 2 2 2 1 0.100 ) + ( 0.600 ) m ( ( I y )4 = ( 7.3985 kg ) ( 0.050 ) + 2
= 2.7467 kg m 2
Then
I y = (15.0720 + 2.5562 + 6.3024 2.7467 ) kg m 2
= 21.1839 kg m 2
or I y = 21.2 kg m 2
continued
To the Instructor: The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of a semicylinder are derived at this time for use in the solutions of Problems 9.1449.147. From Figure 9.28 Cylinder:
( I x ) cyl
1 mcyla 2 2
1 mcyl ( 3a 2 + L2 ) ( I y )cyl = ( I z )cyl = 12

Symmetry and the definition of the mass moment of inertia I = r 2dm imply
( I )semicylinder
1 (I ) 2 cylinder
( I x )sc
11 2 mcyla 2 2
and
1 mcyl ( 3a 2 + L2 ) ( I y )sc = ( I z )sc = 1 2 12

msc = 1 mcyl 2
However,
Thus,
( I x )sc
1 msca 2 2
and
1 msc ( 3a 2 + L2 ) ( I y )sc = ( I z )sc = 12
Also, using the parallel axis theorem find
16 2 1 I x = msc a 2 9 2
1 16 2 1 2 I z = msc a + L 2 12 4 9
where x and z are centroidal axes.

See machine elements shown in Problem 9.144 Also note
m1 = 113.040 kg m2 = 45.216 kg m3 = 14.7969 kg

m4 = 7.3985 kg
Using Fig. 9.28 for components Now
and
and the equations derived above for components
and
, have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
where
( I z )1 = (113.040 kg )
= 2.0498 kg m 2
2 2 1 2 ( 0.200 )2 + ( 0.120 )2 + 0.200 + 0.120 m 12 2 2
( I z )2
1 2 + ( 0.100 )2 + ( 0.160 )2 m = ( 45.216 kg ) ( 0.200 )2 + ( 0.080 )2 12
= 1.78453 kg m 2
( I z )3 = (14.7969 kg ) 1 2 2 2 ( 0.100 )2 + ( 0.060 )2 + 3 ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.120 ) m 12
= 0.25599 kg m 2
( I z )4
2 2 2 2 2 1 3 ( 0.050 ) + ( 0.120 ) m = ( 7.3985 kg ) + ( 0.100 ) + ( 0.060 ) 12
= 0.114122 kg m 2
Then
I z = ( 2.0498 + 1.78453 + 0.25599 0.114122 ) kg m 2
= 3.97629 kg m 2
or I z = 3.98 kg m 2

m = V
=
m1 =
0.100 lb/in 3 ( 4 in.)(1 in.)( 3 in.) 32.2 ft/s 2

lb s 2 ft
= 37.267 103
m2 = 0.100 lb/in 3 ( 2 in.)(1.2 in.)( 3 in.) 32.2 ft/s 2
lb s 2 ft
= 22.360 103
m3 =
0.100 lb/in 3 2 ( 0.9 in.) ( 2 in.) 2 2 32.2 ft/s

lb s 2 ft
= 7.9028 103
m4 =
0.100 lb/in 3 2 ( 0.5 in.) ( 3 in.) 2 2 32.2 ft/s

lb s 2 ft
= 3.6587 103
continued
Have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 + ( I z )4
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 ft 3 lb s 2 3 lb s 2 = 37.267 10 4 + 1 in + 37.267 10 2 + 0.5 in ft ft 12 12 in.
2 2 2 1 3 lb s 2 3 lb s 2 2 2 2 2 1 ft + + + + 22.360 10 2 1.2 in 22.360 10 1 1.6 in ft ft 12 12 in.
2 16 1 2 2 3 lb s 1 7.9028 10 0.9 in.) + ( 2 in.) + 2 ( ft 4 9 12

2 2 2 4 0.9 2 2 1 ft 3 lb s + (1 in.) + 2.2 + in 7.9028 10 ft 3 12 in.
2 16 2 3 lb s 1 3.6587 10 0.5 in.) + 2 ( ft 2 9

2 2 2 4 0.5 2 2 1 ft 3 lb s + 3.6587 10 ( 3.5 in.) + 1 + in ft 3 12 in.
= 1.46653 103 + 70.393 106 + 552.79 106
) (
) )
+ 21.400 106 + 420.75 106 + 2.0318 106 + 348.58 106 lb ft s 2 = 2.88 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.88 103 lb ft s 2
) (

Have
m = st V =
st
g
V
3
Then
m1 =
1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 ( 3 1 4 ) in 3 2 32.2 ft/s 12 in.
= 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft

1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 2 3 m2 = (1.5 1 2 ) in 3 = 26.419 10 lb s /ft 2 12 in. 32.2 ft/s
490 lb/ft 3 2 1 ft 2 3 ( 0.5 ) 1.5 in 3 = 5.1874 10 lb s /ft 2 32.2 ft/s 2 12 in.
3
3
m3 =
1 ft 490 lb/ft 3 2 m4 = (1.4 ) 0.4 in 3 2 32.2 ft/s 2 12 in.
= 10.8491 103 lb s 2/ft

(a) Using Fig. 9.28 for components have and and the equations derived above for components and ,
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 ( I x )4
where
( I x )1 = (105.676 10
1 2 4 2 2 1 ft 2 2 1 2 lb s /ft (1) + ( 4 ) + + in 2 12 in. 12 2

2
= 4.1585 103 lb ft s 2
( I x )2
2 1 2 2 1 ft ( 0.5)2 + ( 5)2 1) + ( 2 ) in = 26.419 103 lb s 2 /ft + ( 12 12 in.
= 4.7089 103 lb ft s 2
continued
( I x )3
= 5.1874 10
2 2 16 4 0.5 2 2 1 2 1 ft lb s /ft 0.5 ) + ( 0.5 ) + 6 + in 2 ( 3 12 in. 2 9 2
= 1.40209 103 lb ft s 2
( I x )4
1 ft 2 2 1 3 (1.4 ) + ( 0.4 ) = 10.8451 103 lb s 2 /ft + 22 + 0.82 in 2 12 12 in.
= 0.38736 103 lb ft s 2
Then
3 2 Ix = ( 4.1585 + 4.7089 + 1.40209 0.38736 ) 10 lb ft s
= 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
or I x = 9.88 103 lb ft s 2 (b) Have where
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 ( I y )4
( )1 (
Iy
2 3 2 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 ft = 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft + + + 3 4 in ( ) ( ) 12 2 12 in. 2
= 6.1155 103 lb ft s 2
( I y )2 = ( 26.419 10
( I y )3 = (5.1874 10
2 2 1 2 1 ft ( 0.75 )2 + ( 5 )2 lb s /ft 1.5 ) + ( 2 ) in + ( 12 12 in. 2
= 4.7854 103 lb ft s 2
3
2 2 16 1 4 0.5 2 2 2 1 2 1 ft lb s /ft 0.5 ) + (1.5 ) + ( 0.75 ) + 6 + in 2 ( 12 3 12 in. 4 9 2
= 1.41785 103 lb ft s 2
( I y )4 = (10.8451 10
2 2 1 ft 16 4 1.4 2 2 2 1 lb s /ft 1.4 ) + 3 + ( 2 ) in 2 ( 3 12 in. 2 9 2
= 0.78438 103 lb ft s 2
continued
Then
3 2 Iy = ( 6.1155 + 4.7854 + 1.41785 0.78438 ) 10 lb ft s
= 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
or I y = 11.53 103 lb ft s 2 (c) Have where
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 ( I z )4
2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 ft lb s /ft ( 3) + (1) + + in 2 2 12 in. 12 2
( I z )1 = (105.676 10
= 2.4462 103 lb ft s 2
2 1.5 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 ft 3 2 I = + + + 26.419 10 lb s /ft 1.5 1 in ( z )2 ( ) () 12 2 12 in. 2
= 0.198754 103 lb ft s 2
( I z )3
= 5.1874 10
2 2 1 2 1 ft ( 0.75)2 + ( 0.5 )2 lb s /ft 3 ( 0.5 ) + (1.5) in + 12 12 in. 2
= 0.038275 103 lb ft s 2
( I z )4
= 10.8451 10
2 2 1 ft 16 1 4 1.4 2 2 2 2 1 lb s /ft 1.4 ) + ( 0.4 ) + 3 + ( 0.8 ) in 2 ( 12 3 12 in. 4 9 2
= 0.49543 103 lb ft s 2
Then
3 2 Iz = ( 2.4462 + 0.198754 + 0.038275 0.49543) 10 lb ft s
= 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
or I z = 2.19 103 lb ft s 2
First compute the mass of each component. Have Then
m = L
m1 = ( 0.049 kg/m ) 2 ( 0.32 m )
= 0.09852 kg
m2 = m3 = m4 = m5
= ( 0.049 kg/m )( 0.160 m ) = 0.00784 kg

Using the equation given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 + ( I x )4 + ( I x )5
1 1 2 2 = ( 0.09852 kg ) ( 0.32 m ) + ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.160 m ) 2 3
2 + ( 0.00784 kg ) 0 + ( 0.160 m )
1 2 2 2 + ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.08 m ) + ( 0.32 m ) 12

2 2 2 1 + ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.32 m 0.08 m ) 12
3 2 = ( 5.0442 + 0.06690 + 0.2007 + 0.86972 + 0.66901) 10 kg m
= 6.8505 103 kg m 2
or I x = 6.85 103 kg m 2
continued
Have where Then
Iy = (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy ) + (Iy )

1 2 3 4
(I ) = (I )
y 2
y 4
and
(I ) = (I )
y 3
y 5
2 2 I y = ( 0.09852 kg ) ( 0.32 m ) + 2 ( 0.00784 kg ) 0 + ( 0.32 m )
2 2 1 + 2 ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.16 m ) + ( 0.24 m ) 12

3 2 = 10.088 + 2 ( 0.80282 ) + 2 ( 0.46831) 10 kg m
= 12.6303 103 kg m 2
or I y = 12.63 103 kg m 2 By symmetry
Iz = Ix
or I z = 6.85 103 kg m 2
continued
To the Instructor: The following formulas for the mass moment of inertia of wires are derived or summarized at this time for use in the solutions of Problems 9.1489.150. Slender Rod
Ix = 0 I y = Iz =
Circle Have Now And symmetry implies
I y = I z =
1 mL2 (Fig. 9.28) 12
1 2 mL (Sample Problem 9.9) 3

I y = r 2dm = ma 2
Iy = Ix + Iz
Ix = Iz
Ix = Iz =
Semicircle
1 2 ma 2
Following the above arguments for a circle, have
I x = Iz =
1 2 ma 2
I y = ma 2
Using the parallel-axis theorem
I z = I z + mx 2
or
x=
2a
4 1 I z = m 2 a 2 2
Have Then
m = V = AL
2 m1 = m2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) ( 0.36 m )
m2 = m1 = 0.062756 kg
2 m3 = m4 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) ( 0.36 m )
= 0.019976 kg
Using the equations given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 + ( I x )3 + ( I x )4
where Then
2 2 2 1 1 I x = ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.062756 ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.36 m ) 2 2
( I x )3 = ( I x ) 4
2 2 2 1 + 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) + ( 0.18 m ) + ( 0.36 m ) 12

3 2 = 4.06659 + 12.19977 + 2 ( 3.45185 ) 10 kg m
= 23.1701 103 kg m 2
Iy = Iy
Have where
( )1 + ( I y )2 + ( I y )3 + ( I y )4
and
or I x = 23.2 103 kg m 2
( I y )1 = ( I y )2
( I y )3 = ( I y )4
continued
Then
( 0.36 m )2 + 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) 0 + ( 0.36 m )2 I y = 2 ( 0.062756 kg )
= 2 8.13318 103 kg m 2 + 2 2.58889 103 kg m 2 = 21.44414 103 kg m 2
) (
or I y = 21.4 103 kg m 2 Have
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 + ( I z )3 + ( I z )4
where Then
2 1 I z = ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) 2
2 1 4 2 2 0.36 m 2 0.36 m + ( 0.062756 kg ) 2 ( 0.36 m ) + + ( ) 2
( I z )3 = ( I z )4
2 1 + 2 ( 0.019976 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) 3
3 2 = 4.06659 + 12.1998 + 2 ( 0.86296 ) 10 kg m
= 17.9923 103 kg m 2
or I z = 17.99 103 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component. Mass of each component is indentical
m=
( m/L ) L
g
Have
( 0.041 lb/ft )(1.5 ft )

32.2 ft/s 2
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft
Using the equations given above and the parallel axis theorem, have
( I x )1 = ( I x )3 = ( I x )4 = ( I x )6
Then
and
( I x ) 2 = ( I x )5
I x = 4 ( I x )1 + 2 ( I x )2
2 1 I x = 4 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft (1.5 ft ) 3
2 + 2 0.00190994 lb s 2/ft 0 + (1.5 ft )
= 0.0143246 lb ft s 2
or I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2 Now
( I y )1 = 0 ( I y )2 = ( I y )6
( I y )4 = ( I y )5
continued
Then
Iy = 2 Iy
( )2 + ( I y )3 + 2 ( I y )4
2 1 0 + (1.5 ft )2 = 0.0019094 lb s 2 /ft 2 (1.5 ft ) + 3
2 2 2 1 + 2 (1.5 ft ) + (1.5 ft ) + ( 0.75 ft ) 12
= 0.0019094 (1.5 + 2.25 + 6 ) lb ft s 2 = 0.0186219 lb ft s 2

I y = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
By symmetry
Iz = I y I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2

m1 = 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft m2 = 26.419 103 lb s 2/ft
m3 = 5.1874 10 3 lb s 2/ft m4 = 10.8451 10 3 lb s 2/ft
First note that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I z x = 0 for each component Now so that
I uv = I uv + mu v = mu v
( Iuv )body
= mu v
Then
1.5 0.5 0.75 0.5 I xy = mx y = 105.676 103 lb s 2 /ft ft ft + 26.419 103 lb s 2 /ft ft ft 12 12 12 12
0.75 0.5 + 5.1874 10 3 lb s 2 /ft ft ft 12 12

4 1.4 in. 1 ft 0.8 10.8451 103 lb s 2 /ft 3 in. ft 3 12 in. 12
= ( 550.40 + 68.799 + 13.5089 144.952 ) 106 lb ft s 2 = 487.76 106 lb ft s 2

or I xy = 0.488 103 lb ft s 2
continued

m1 = 37.267 103 m2 = 22.360 103 m3 = 7.9028 103 m4 = 3.6587 103

Have Symmetry implies
lb s 2 ft lb s 2 ft lb s 2 ft lb s 2 ft
I uv = I uv + mu v
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
for each element.
Then:
I uv = miui v i
2 1 ft 3 lb s = 37.267 10 ( 2 in.)( 0.5 in.) ft 12 in.
2 1 ft 3 lb s 22.360 10 + (1 in.)(1.6 in.) ft 12 in.
I xy
2 1 ft 4 0.9 3 lb s + 7.9028 10 2.2 + in. (1 in.) ft 3 12 in. 2 1 ft 4 0.5 3 lb s + 3.6587 10 1+ ( 3.5 in.) in. ft 3 12 in.
continued
= 258.80 106 + 248.44 106 + 141.700 106 + 107.80 106 lb ft s 2 = 757 106 lb ft s 2
I xy = 757 106 lb ft s 2
2 1 ft 3 lb s I yz = 37.267 10 ( 0.5 in.)(1.5 in.) ft 12 in.
2 1 ft 3 lb s + 22.360 10 (1.6 in.)(1.5 in.) ft 12 in.
2 1 ft 4 0.9 3 lb s + 7.9028 10 2.2 + in. (1.5 in.) ft 3 12 in. 2 1 ft 4 0.5 3 lb s + 3.6587 10 1 + in. (1.5 in.) ft 3 12 in.
= 194.099 106 + 372.67 106 + 212.55 106 + 46.199 10 6 lb ft s 2 = 826 10

6
lb ft s
I yz = 826 106 lb ft s 2
I zx
2 1 ft 3 lb s 37.267 10 = (1.5 in.)( 2 in.) ft 12 in.

2 1 ft 3 lb s + 22.360 10 (1.5 in.)(1 in.) ft 12 in. 2 1 ft 3 lb s + 7.9028 10 (1.5 in.)(1 in.) 12 in. ft
2 1 ft 3 lb s + 3.6587 10 (1.5 in.)( 3.5 in.) ft 12 in.
= 776.40 106 + 232.92 106 + 82.321 106 + 133.390 106 lb ft s 2 = 1.225 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 1.225 103 lb ft s 2

Have Then
m = alV
kg m1 = 2700 3 ( 0.350 0.100 0.030 ) m 3 m
= 2.8350 kg
kg m2 = 2700 3 ( 0.200 0.100 0.050 ) m 3 m

= 2.7000 kg
kg 2 m3 = 2700 3 ( 0.025 ) 0.100 m3 m

= 0.53014 kg
First note that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I z x = 0 for each component Now where
I uv = I u v + mu v
I uv = 0
I xy = mx y = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.175m )( 0.050 m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.100 m )( 0.050 m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.080 m )( 0.050 m ) = ( 24.806 + 13.500 2.1206 ) 10 3 kg m 2 = 36.1854 10 3 kg m 2
or I xy = 36.2 103 kg m 2
I yz = my z = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.015m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.055m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.050 m )( 0.040 m ) = ( 2.1263 + 7.4250 1.06028 ) 103 kg m 2 = 8.49102 10 3 kg m 2
or I yz = 8.49 103 kg m 2
continued
I zx = mz x = ( 2.8350 kg )( 0.015m )( 0.175m )

+ ( 2.7000 kg )( 0.055m )( 0.100 m ) ( 0.53014 kg )( 0.040 m )( 0.080 m ) = ( 7.4419 + 14.850 1.69645 )103 kg m 2 = 20.59545 10 3 kg m 2
or I zx = 20.6 103 kg m 2
Have Then
m = V
m1 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.118 0.036 0.044 ) m 3 = 0.50466 kg
2 m2 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.022 ) 0.036 m 3 = 0.07389 kg 2
m3 = 2700 kg/m 3 ( 0.028 0.022 0.024 ) m 3 = 0.03992 kg

Now observe that I xy , I yz and I zx are zero because of symmetry Now
4 0.022 x2 = 0.118 + m = 0.12734 m 3

0.022 y3 = 0.036 m = 0.025 m 2
m, kg
x, m
0.059
y, m
z, m
0.022 0.022 0.026
mx y kg m 2
0.53595 103 0.16932 103 0.01397 103
my z kg m 2
0.19985 10 3 0.02926 10 3 0.02594 10 3
mz x kg m 2
1 2
3
0.50466 0.07389 0.03992
0.018 0.018 0.025
0.65505 103
0.20695 10 3 0.01453 10 3
0.12734
0.014
continued
And
I xy = I xy + mx y I yz = I yz + my z
( (
) )
I zx = ( I zx + mx z )
Finally
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2 ( I xy )3 = 0.6913 103 kg m 2
or I xy = 0.691 103 kg m 2
I yz = I yz
( )1 + ( I yz )2 ( I yz )3 = 0.20317 103 kg m 2
or I yz = 0.203 103 kg m 2
I zx = ( I zx )1 + ( I zx )2 ( I zx )3 = 0.84747 103 kg m 2
or I zx = 0.848 103 kg m 2

Have
m = V
= tA
Then
kg m1 = 7860 3 ( 0.003 m )( 0.2 0.090 ) m 2 m

= 424.44 103 kg
kg 2 m2 = 7860 3 ( 0.003 m ) ( 0.045 m ) 2 m

= 75.005 103 kg
Now
I uv = I uv + m u v
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
for both elements.
Symmetry implies
Then
Iuv = miui v i
I xy = 424.44 103 kg ( 0.050 m )( 0.045 m ) + 75.005 10 3 kg ( 0.050 m )( 0.045 m )
= 954.99 106 168.761 106 kg m 2 = 786 106 kg m 2
I xy = 786 106 kg m 2
continued
4 0.045 I yz = 424.44 103 kg ( 0.045 m )( 0 ) + 75.005 103 kg ( 0.045 m ) m 3
= 64.5 106 kg m 2
I yz = 64.5 106 kg m 2
4 0.045 I zx = 424.44 103 kg ( 0 )( 0.050 m ) + 75.005 103 kg m ( 0.050 m ) 3
= 71.6 106 kg m 2
I zx = 71.6 106 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component Have Then
m = stV = st tA
3 m1 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003)( 0.08 )( 0.09 ) m
= 0.169776 kg
1 m2 = 7860 kg/m 3 ( 0.003) 0.09 0.036 m 3 2
= 0.03820 kg
Now observe that
(I ) = (I ) = (I )
xy 1 y z 1 z x
=0
(I ) = (I )
y z 2 z x
=0
From Sample Problem 9.6 Then
1 2 2 b2 h2 ( I xy )2,area = 72
2,area
(I )
xy 2
= sT t I xy
( )
1 1 2 2 = st t b2 h2 = m2 b2 h2 36 72
Also
x1 = y1 = z2 = 0
0.09 x2 = 0.045 + m = 0.015 m 3

continued
Finally
1 I xy = I xy + mx y = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0.03820 kg )( 0.09 m )( 0.036 m ) 36
0.036 m + ( 0.03820 kg )( 0.015 m ) 3

= 3.4379 106 6.876 106 kg m 2 = 10.3139 106 kg m 2
or I xy = 10.31 106 kg m 2 And I yz = I yz + m y z = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 ) = 0
or I yz = 0
or I zx = 0
I zx = ( I z x + m z x ) = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 ) = 0
m = stV = st tA
3 m1 = ( 7860 kg/m3 ) ( 0.003)( 0.7 )( 0.78 ) m = 12.875 kg
m2 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003) 0.392 m 3 = 5.6337 kg 2 1 m3 = ( 7860 kg/m 3 ) ( 0.003) 0.78 0.3 m 3 = 2.7589 kg 2
Now observe that because of symmetry the centroidal products of inertia of components Also and
( )3 = ( I zx )3 = 0 ( I yz )3,mass = stt ( I yz )3,area

are zero and I xy
Using the results of Sample Problem 9.6 and noting that the orientation of the axes corresponds to a 90 rotation, have
1 2 2 b3 h3 ( I yz )3,area = 72
Then
1 2 2 1 m3b3h3 ( I yz )3 = stt b3 h3 = 72 36
Also Finally
y1 = x2 = 0
y2 =
4 0.39 m = 0.16552 m 3
I xy = I xy + mx y = ( 0 + 0 ) + ( 0 + 0 )
0.3m 2 + 0 + ( 2.7589 kg ) ( 0.7 m ) = 0.19312 kg m 3

or I xy = 0.1931 kg m 2
continued
I yz = I yz + my z
0 + ( 5.6337 kg ) ( 0.16552 m )( 0.39 m ) = ( 0 + 0) +

1 0.3 m 0.78 m + ( 2.7589 kg ) ( 0.78 m )( 0.3 m ) + 3 3 36
= ( 0.36367 + 0.017933 0.07173) kg m 2 = 0.30987 kg m 2
or I yz = 0.310 kg m 2 I zx = I z x + mz x = 0 + (12.875 kg ) ( 0.35 m )( 0.39 m )
0.78 m + ( 0 + 0 ) + 0 + ( 2.7589 kg ) ( 0.7 m ) 3

= (1.75744 + 0.50212 ) kg m 2 = 2.25956 kg m 2
or I zx = 2.26 kg m 2

First note
m = stV =
st
g
tA
3
Then
490 lb/ft 3 1ft m1 = 0.08 in.) ( 6 3.6 ) in 2 2 ( 12in. 32.2 ft/s = 15.2174 103 lb s 2 /ft 490 lb/ft 3 2 1 ft m2 = 0.08 in.) (1.8 in.) 2 ( 2 12 in. 32.2 ft/s = 3.5855 103 lb s 2 /ft
490 lb/ft 3 2 1 ft m3 = 0.08 in.) ( 3.6 in.) 2 ( 4 12 in. 32.2 ft/s = 7.1710 103 lb s 2 /ft
Note that symmetry implies
( I xy )1,2 = ( I yz )1,2 = ( I zx )1,2 = 0
(I ) = (I )
xy 3 yz
=0
Now
I uv = I uv + mu v
continued
Thus
I xy = mx y
= m1x1 y1 m2 x2 y2 + m3 x3 y3
0.6 1.8 = (15.2174 103 lb s 2 /ft ) ft ft 12 12

4 1.8 1 ft 1.8 ft ( 3.5855 103 lb s 2/ft ) 2.4 in. 3 12 in. 12
= ( 114.131 73.326 ) 106 lb ft s 2

Now Also
or I xy = 187.5 106 lb ft s 2 0
or
I yz = my z = m1 y1 z1 m2 y2 z2 + m3 y3 z3
I zx = ( I zx )1 ( I zx )2 + ( I zx )3
I yz = 0
= m1 z1x1 m2 z2x2 + ( I zx )3
Now determine ( I zx )3 Have
( dI zx )3 = ( dI zx )3 + z x dm
x = ( z ) st t x dz 2 g
=
Now
1 st 2 tz a3 z 2 dz 2 g
m3 =
st
4m3 2 a3
2 t a3 g 4
or
st
g
t =
Therefore,
( I zx )3
2m3 a 2 2m3 1 2 2 1 4 a3 z z 3 dz = 2 a3 z z 2 0 4 0 a3 a3 2
=
I zx =
1 2 m3a3 2
Finally
1 3.6 7.1710 103 lb s 2 /ft ft 2 12
or I zx = 102.7 106 lb ft s 2

Have Then
m=
wL g
m1 =
=
w 3 a g 2
3 wa 2 g
m2 =
w ( 2a ) g wa g
=2
m3 =
w ( a ) g wa g
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
=
Now
I uv = I uv + mu v
for each element.
Symmetry implies
Then
Iuv = miui v i
3 wa 3 2 3 wa 2 I xy = a a + ( 3a ) a 2 g 2 2 g 3 wa 27 = + 6 g 4 3 wa 2 3 wa 2 a I yz = a ( 2a ) + ( a) 2 g 2 g
I xy = 12.75
w 3 a g
wa3 (9 2) g
I yz = 7
wa3 g
3 wa wa 3 wa I zx = ( 2a ) a + 2 ( a )( 3a ) + ( a )( 3a ) 2 g 2 g g
wa3 9 + 6 3 g 2
I zx = 1.5
w 3 a ( + 4 ) g
First compute the mass of each component. Have
m=
Then
W 1 = wL g g w w ( 2 a ) = 2 a g g w w (a) = a g g w w ( 2a ) = 2 a g g
m1 = m2 = m3 =
m4 =
w 3 w 2 a = 3 a g 2 g
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx , of each component are zero because of symmetry.
continued
z
a
0
mx y
my z
mz x
w a g
2a 2a 2a 2a
w 3 a g
w 3 a g
0 0
w 3 a g
0
2 3 4
w a g 2 3 w a g w a g
1 a 2
0
w 3 a g
0
w 3 a g w 3 a g
3 a 2
2a
w 3 a g
9 11
w 3 a g w 3 a g
4
12
w (1 5 ) a3 g
I xy = I xy + mx y I yz = I yz0 + my z
w (1 + 2 ) a3 g
Then
or I xy =
w 3 a (1 5 ) g w 3 a g
or I yz = 11 or I zx = 4
I zx = I zx0 + mz x
w 3 a (1 + 2 ) g
First note
m = V =
V =
AL
Specific weight of aluminium = 0.10 lb/in 3 = 172.8 lb/ft 3 Then
m=
2 172.8 lb/ft 3 0.075 ft L 32.2 ft/s 2 4 12
= 0.16464 103 L lb s 2/ft 2

Now
L1 = L4 = 12.5 in. = 1.04167 ft
m1 = m4 = 0.17150 103 lb s 2 /ft

L2 = L5 = 9 in. = 0.75 ft
m2 = m5 = 0.12348 103 lb s 2 /ft

L3 = L6 = 15 in. = 1.25 ft
m3 = m6 = 0.20580 103 lb s 2 /ft

and
I xy = I yz = I z x = 0
continued
m, lb s 2 /ft
x , ft
0.75 0.375 0 0 0.375 0.75
y , ft
0.5208 1.04167 1.04167 0.5208 0 0
z , ft
0 0 0.625 1.25 1.25 0.625
mx y, lbft s2
0.06699 103 0.04823 103
0 0 0 0
my z , lb ft s 2
0 0
m z x , lb ft s 2
0 0 0 0
1 2
3
0.17150 103 0.12348 103 0.20580 103 0.17150 103 0.12348 103 0.20580 103
0.13398 103 0.111646 103

0 0
4
5 6
0.05788 103 0.09647 103 0.15435 103
0.11522 103
0.24563 103
I xy = ( I xy + mx y ) = 0.115222 103 lb ft s 2 or
I xy = 0.1152 103 lb ft s 2
0 my z = 0.24563 103 lb ft s2 I yz = ( I yz + )
or I yz = 0.246 103 lb ft s 2
0 mz x ) = 0.15435 103 lb ft s 2 I zx = ( I z x +
or
I zx = 0.1543 103 lb ft s 2

mring = 2 ( 0.5 m )(1.8 kg/m ) = 5.655 kg
mrod = ( 0.8 m )(1.8 kg/m ) = 1.44 kg
For each ring x = z = 0 and I xy = I yz = I zx = 0, thus the mass product of inertia of the rings is zero with respect to each pair of coordinate axes. For each rod: Since each rod lies in the x-y plane, I yz = I zx = 0 Thus for entire wire figure
I xy = I xy + m x y
I yz = I zx = 0
where I xy = 0
Hence
I xy = mx y
= (1.44 kg )( 0.5 m )( 0.4 m ) + (1.44 kg )( 0.5 m )( 0.4 m ) = 0.576 kg m 2
I xy = 0.576 kg m 2

Have and Consider Substituting for x and for y
I xy = xydm x = x + x
I yz = yzdm y = y + y I xy = xydm
I zx = zxdm z = z + z
(9.45) (9.31)
I xy = ( x + x )( y + y ) dm
= xydm + y xdm + x ydm + x y dm

By definition and
I xy = xydm
xdm = mx ydm = my
However, the origin of the primed coordinate system coincides with the mass center G, so that
x = y = 0
I xy = I xy + mx y Q.E.D.
The expressions for I yz and I zx are obtained in a similar manner.

(a) First divide the tetrahedron into a series of thin vertical slices of thickness dz as shown. Now and
x=
a z z + a = a 1 c c
b z y = z + b = b 1 c c
z 1 1 dm = dV = xydz = ab 1 dz c 2 2
2
The mass dm of the slab is
Then
2 3 c 1 z 1 z m = dm = ab 1 dz = ab 1 c 2 c 3 0 02 c
=
Now where and
1 abc 6
dI zx = dI zx + z EL xEL dm
dI zx = 0
z EL = z xEL =
( symmetry )
1 1 z x = a 1 3 3 c
Then
2 c 1 z 1 z I zx = dI zx = z a 1 ab 1 dz c c 0 3 2
1 2 c z2 z3 z 4 a b 0 + z 3 3 dz 6 c c 2 c3
c
m 1 z3 3 z 4 1 z5 = a z2 + c 2 c 4 c 2 5 c3 0
or I zx =
1 mac 20
continued
(b) Because of the symmetry of the body, I xy and I yz can be deduced by considering the circular permutation of ( x, y, z ) and ( a, b, c ) . Thus 1 I xy = mab 20
I yz =
1 mbc 20
Alternative solution for part a First divide the tetrahedron into a series of thin horizontal slices of thickness dy as shown. Now and
x= z =
a y y + a = a 1 b b c y y + c = c 1 b b
2
The mass dm of the slab is
y 1 1 dm = dV = xzdy = ac 1 dy b 2 2
Now where and dI zx, Area = Then
dI zx = tdI zx, Area
t = dy
1 2 2 x z from the results of Sample Problem 9.6 24
2 2 y y 1 dIzx = ( dy ) a 1 c 1 24 b b
1 y 1m y = a 2c 2 1 dy = ac 1 dy 24 b 4 b b
Finally
I zx = dI zx
1m y = ac 1 dy 4b b
b 0
5 1 m b y ac 1 = 4 b 5 b 0
or I zx =
1 mac 20
continued
Alternative solution for part a The equation of the included face of the tetrahedron is
x y z + + =1 a b c
so that
x z y = b 1 a c
For an infinitesimal element of sides dx, dy, and dz
dm = dV = dydxdz
From part a Now
I zx = zxdm = 0 0 (
c
z a 1 c xz ) b(1 a c ) zx ( dydxdz )
z x = a 1 c
= 0 0 (
c
z a 1 c
) zx b (1
x a
z c
dxdz )
z a 1 c
= b
c 1 z 0
1 x3 1 z 2 x x 3 a 2 c 0 2
)
dz
2 3 2 z 1 3 z 1 z 2 z c 1 a 1 a 1 dz = b 0 z a 2 1 c 3a c 2c c 2
= b 0 =
1 2 z a z 1 dz 6 c
1 2 c z2 z3 z 4 z 3 3 a b 0 + dz 6 c c 2 c3
c
m 1 z3 3 z 4 1 z5 = a z2 + c 2 c 4 c 2 5 c3 0
or I zx =
1 mac 20
From Figure 9.28 and using the parallel-axis theorem
Iy =
1 2 ma 2
2
Ix = Iz =
Symmetry implies
1 1 h m 3a 2 + h 2 + m = m 3a 2 + 4h 2 12 12 2
I xy = I yz = I zx = 0
1 h + a2
2
For convenience, let point A lie in the yz plane. Then
OA =
( hj + a k )
With the mass products of inertia equal to zero, Equation (9.46) reduces to
2 2 I OA = I xx + I y y + I z z2
1 h = ma 2 2 2 2 h +a
1 m 3a 2 + 4h 2 + 12
a h2 + a2
or I OA =
1 10h 2 + 3a 2 ma 2 2 12 h + a2
Note: For point A located at an arbitrary point on the perimeter of the top surface, OA is given by
OA =
1 h2 + a 2
( a cos i + hj + a sin k )
which results in the same expression for I OA

dOA = 9 2 2 3 a + ( 3a ) + ( 3a ) = a 2 2
2
First note that
Then
OA =
1 3 1 ai 3aj + 3ak = ( i 2 j + 2k ) 9 3 a2 2
For a rectangular coordinate system with origin at point A and axes aligned with the given x, y, z axes, have (using Figure 9.28)
Ix = Iz =
=
Also, symmetry implies
3 1 2 2 m a + ( 3a ) 5 4
111 2 ma 20
Iy =
3 ma 2 10
With the mass products of inertia equal to zero, Equation (9.46) reduces to
2 2 I OA = I xx + I y y + I z z2
111 2 1 3 111 2 2 2 ma + ma 2 + ma 20 3 10 3 20 3
193 2 ma 60
or I OA = 3.22ma 2

2 m1 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 ( 4 in.) ( 2 in.) = 0.88667 lb s 2 /ft
2 m2 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1 in.) ( 3 in.) = 0.083125 lb s 2 /ft
m = stV =
0.284 lb/in 3 V = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 V 2 32.2 ft/s
m3 = 0.008819 lb s 2 /ft in 3 (1 in.) ( 2 in.) = 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft

2
Symmetry implies and Now
I yz = I zx = 0
( I xy )1 = 0
( I xy )2 = ( I xy )3 = 0
( )
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 m3 x3 y3
1 ft 2 2 in. 1.5 in. = ( 0.083125 lb s 2 /ft ) ( )( ) 144 in 2 1 ft 2 ( 0.055417 lb s 2 /ft ) ( 2 in.)( 1 in.) 2 144 in
= 0.96209 103 lb ft s 2 From the solution to Problem 9.143:
I x = 34.106 103 lb ft s 2
I y = 50.125 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2
continued
By observation Then
OA =
1 ( 2i + 3j) 13
2 2 2 I OA = I xx + I y y + I z z 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2 = 34.106 103 lb ft s 2 13
3 + 50.125 103 lb ft s 2 13
2 3 2 0.96209 103 lb ft s 2 13 13
= (10.4942 + 34.7019 0.8881) 103 lb ft s 2 = 44.308 103 lb ft s 2

or I OA = 44.3 103 lb ft s 2

From Problem 9.147:
I x = 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
I y = 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
Problem 9.151:
I xy = 0.48776 103 lb ft s 2 I yz = 1.18391 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 2.6951 103 lb ft s 2
Now and Therefore, or Equation 9.46
2 2 2 I OL = I xx + I y y + I z z 2 I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 = 9.8821 + 11.5344 + 2.1878 2 ( 0.48776 ) 3 3 3 3 3
x = y = z
2 2 2 x + y + z =1
2 3x =1
x = y = z =
1 3
2 (1.18391)
1 1 1 1 3 2 2 ( 2.6951) 10 lb ft s 3 3 3 3
= 4.95692 103 lb ft s 2
or I OL = 4.96 103 lb ft s 2
First note that
m1 = m2 =
1W 2 g
And that
OA =
1 (i + j + k ) 3
Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem have
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
1 1W = 12 2 g
2 1W a + 2 g
a 2

a 2 a 2 + 2 2
1 1W 2 1W 2 + a +a + 2 g 12 2 g
1 W 1 1 1 1 1W 2 + a2 + + a2 = a 2 g 12 4 6 2 2 g
Iy = Iy
( )1 + ( I y )2
1W 1 1W 2 2 = a +a + 12 2 g 2 g
a 2 a 2 + 2 2
1 1W + 12 2 g
2 2 1 W 2 a a a + + ( ) 2 g 2
1 W 1 1 2 1 5 W 2 a + a2 = + a + 2 g 6 2 g 12 4
continued
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
1 1W = 12 2 g
2 1W a + 2 g
a 2
1 1W + 12 2 g
2 1W a + 2 g
2 a 2 ( a ) + 2
1 W 1 1 5 5W 2 1 a + a2 + + a2 = 2 g 12 4 12 4 6 g
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx , of both components are zero because of symmetry. Also, y1 = 0 Then
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 =
1W a 1W 2 a (a) = 2 g 2 4 g a a 1 W 2 a = 2 2 8 g
1W I yz = I yz +0my z = m2 y2z2 = 2 g
I zx = I z x + mz x = m1z1x1 + m2 z2 x2
1W 2 g
a a 1 W + 2 2 2 g
3W 2 a a (a) = 8 g 2
Substituting into Equation (9.46)

2 2 2 I OA = I xx + I y y + I z z 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
Noting that
2 2 2 x = y = z = x y = y z = z x =
1 3
Have
I OA =
1 1 W 2 W 2 5 W 2 a + a + a 3 2 g 6 g g
1 W 2 1 W 2 3 W 2 a + a + a 2 8 g 8 g 4 g
1 14 3 W 2 2 a 3 6 4 g
or I OA =
5 W 2 a 18 g
Have Then
m = V = tA
m1 = ta 2 m2 = 1 ta 2 2
Compute moments and moments of inertia with respect to point A Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2
1 = ta a 2 + 12
2
1 a 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 + ( a ) + ta a + a 2 18 2 3
19 ta 4 12
I y = I y
( )1 + ( I y )2
2 2 1 a = ta 2 a 2 + + ( a ) 12 2
a 2 2a 2 1 2 1 2 2 + ta a + a + + 2 18 3 3
=
5 ta 4 3
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2
1 1 1 = ta 2 a 2 + a 2 + ta 2 a 2 3 2 6
3 ta 4 4
Now note symmetry implies
( I xy )1 = ( I yz )1 = ( I zx )1 = 0 ( I xy )2 = ( I yz )2 = 0
continued
Now Therefore
I uv = I uv + mu v
0 a a 1 y1 + m2 x2 y2 = ta 2 = ta 4 I xy = m1x1 2 2 4
0 1 2 a 4 z I yz = m1 y 1 z 1 + m2 y2 2 = ta ( a ) = ta 2 2
I zx = m1z 1 x 1 + I z x
From Sample Problem 9.6 Then Then
( )2 + m2 z 2 x 2
1 ( I zx ) = a4 2 area 72 1 ta 4 72
I ( I zx )2 = t ( zx )2 area
a I zx = ta 2 ( a ) 2
1 1 2 1 + ta 4 + ta 2 a a 2 72 3 3
5 = ta 4 8
By observation Now, Equation 9.46
2 2 2 I AB = I xx + I y y + I z z 2 I xy xy 2 I y z y z 2 I z xz x
AB =
1 (i + j k ) 3
19 1 2 5 1 2 3 1 2 = ta + + 12 3 3 4 3 3
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 3
5 1 1 2 3 3 8
or I AB =
5 ta 4 12

From Problem 9.138:
I x = 4.212 kg m 2
I y = 7.407 kg m 2
I z = 3.7055 kg m 2
From Problem 9.157:
I xy = 0.19312 kg m 2 I yz = 0.30987 kg m 2
I zx = 2.25956 kg m 2
Now Eq. (9.46):
OL =
1 ( 4i + 8j + k ) 9
2 2 I OL = I xx + I y y + I z z2 2 I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2 2 2 4 8 1 = 4.212 + 7.407 + 3.7055 9 9 9
4 8 8 1 2 ( 0.19312 ) 2 ( 0.3098 ) 9 9 9 9
1 4 2 ( 2.25956 ) kg m 2 9 9 = ( 0.832 + 5.85244 + 0.04575 0.15259 0.061195 + 0.22317 ) kg m 2
= 6.73957 kg m 2
I OL = 6.74 kg m 2
Mass of each leg is identical:
W /L m= L g
=
Also, I xy = I yz = I zx = 0 for each leg, and Now
0.041 lb/ft (1.5 ft ) 32.2 ft/s

2
= 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft
x1 = x6 = 0
I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 + m3x3 y3
2 = 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft ( 0.75 )(1.5 ) + (1.5 )( 0.75 ) ft
y4 = y5 = y6 = 0
z1 = z2 = z3 = 0
= 0.0042974 lb ft s 2 = 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2

I yz = 0 I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = m4z4 x4 + m5z5 x5
2 = 0.00190994 lb s 2 /ft ( 0.75 )(1.5 ) + (1.5 )( 0.75 ) ft
= 0.0042974 lb ft s 2 = 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2

continued
From Problem 9.150
I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2
I y = I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
Now
OL =
1 ( 3i 6 j + 2k ) and then 7
2 2 I OL = I xx + I y y + I z z2 2I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
2 3 = 14.32 103 + 18.62 103 7
Eq. ( 9.46 )
6 2 2 2 + 2 4.2974 103 7 7
3 6 ) 7 7
2 3 2 4.2974 103 lb ft s 2 7 7
= 2.6302 103 + 15.20 103 3.1573 103 + 1.05242 103 lb ft s 2 = 15.725 103 lb ft s 2
or I OL = 15.73 103 lb ft s 2
First compute the mass of each component Have
m = stV = mAL
2 = 7850 kg/m 3 ( 0.0015 m ) L
= ( 0.055488L ) kg/m
Then
m1 = m2 = 0.055488 kg/m ( 0.36 m )
= 0.062756 kg
m3 = m4 = 0.055488 kg/m ( 0.36 m )
= 0.019976 kg
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia I xy = I yz
= I zx = 0 for each component.

Also Then I xy = I xy + mx y = m2x2 y2
x3 = x4 = 0,
y1 = 0,
z1 = z2 = 0
2 0.36 m 3 2 = ( 0.062756 kg ) ( 0.36 m ) = 5.1777 10 kg m

I yz = I yz + my z = m3 y3 z3 + m4 y4 z4 where
m3 = m4 ,
y3 = y4 , z4 = z3 ,
so that
I yz = 0
I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = m1z1x1 + m2 z2 x2 = 0
continued
I x = 23.170 103 kg m 2
I y = 21.444 103 kg m 2
I z = 17.992 103 kg m 2
Now Have
OL =
1 ( 3i 6 j + 2k ) 7
2 2 2 I OL = I xx + I y y + I z z 2I xy x y 2I yz yz 2I zxz x Eq. ( 9.46 )
2 2 2 3 6 2 = 23.170 + 21.444 + 17.992 7 7 7
3 6 2 ( 5.1777 ) 103 kg m 2 7 7
= ( 4.2557 + 15.755 + 1.4687 + 3.8040 ) 103 kg m = 25.283 103 kg m 2

or I OL = 25.3 103 kg m 2
First compute the mass of each component. Have
m = ( m/L ) L
= ( 0.049 kg/m ) L
Then
m1 = ( 0.049 kg/m )( 2 0.32 m )
= 0.09852 kg
m2 = m3 = m4 = m5 = ( 0.049 kg )( 0.160 m )
= 0.00784 kg
Now observe that Also, Then I xy = I xy + mx y = m2 x2 y2 + m3x3 y3
I xy = I yz = I zx = 0 for each component.
x1 = x4 = x5 = 0,
y1 = 0,
z1 = z2 = z3 = 0
= ( 0.00784 kg ) ( 0.32 m )( 0.08 m ) + ( 0.24 m )( 0.16 m ) = 0.50176 103 kg m 2

By symmetry Now
I yz = I xy = 0.50176 103 kg m 2
I zx = ( I zx + mz x ) = 0
I x = I z = 6.8505 103 kg m 2
I y = 12.630 103 kg m 2
continued
Now Have
OL =
1 ( 3i 6 j + 2k ) 7
2 2 I OL = I xx + I y y + I z z2 2 I xy x y 2I yz y z 2I zxz x
Eq. ( 9.46 )
3 2 2 2 = ( 6.8505 ) + 103 kg m 2 7 7
2 6 + (12.63) 103 kg m 2 7
3 6 6 2 2 ( 0.50176 ) + 103 kg m 2 7 7 7 7
= (1.8175 + 9.2792 0.12288 ) 103 kg m 2 = 10.9738 103 kg m 2

or I OL = 10.97 103 kg m 2
(a) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem have at point A.
I x =
1 m b2 + c2 12
I y
1 1 a = m a2 + c2 + m = m 4a 2 + c 2 12 12 2
) )
I z =
1 1 a m a2 + b2 + m = m 4a 2 + b 2 12 12 2
Now observe that symmetry implies
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is then
I x x 2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1
or
1 1 1 m b2 + c 2 x2 + m 4a 2 + c 2 y 2 + m 4a 2 + b 2 z 2 = 1 12 12 12
For the ellipsoid to be a sphere, the coefficients must be equal. Therefore,
1 1 1 m b2 + c 2 = m 4a 2 + c 2 = m 4a 2 + b 2 12 12 12
Then and
b 2 + c 2 = 4a 2 + c 2 b 2 + c 2 = 4a 2 + b 2
or or
b =2 a c =2 a
(b) Using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem, we have at point B
I x =
1 1 c m b2 + c 2 + m = m b 2 + 4c 2 12 2 12
I y
1 1 c = m a2 + c2 + m = m a 2 + 4c 2 12 12 2
I z =
1 m a 2 + b2 12
)
continued
From part a it then immediately follows that
1 1 1 m b 2 + 4c 2 = m a 2 + 4c 2 = m a 2 + b2 12 12 12
Then
b 2 + 4c 2 = a 2 + 4c 2 b 2 + 4c 2 = a 2 + b 2
or
b =1 a c 1 = a 2
and
or
(a) From sample Problem 9.11, we have at the apex A
Ix =
3 ma 2 10
I y = Iz =
3 1 2 m a + h2 5 4
Now observe that symmetry implies I xy = I yz = I zx = 0 Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is then
I x x2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1
or
3 3 1 3 1 ma 2 x 2 + m a 2 + h 2 y 2 + m a 2 + h 2 z 2 = 1 10 5 4 5 4
3 3 1 ma 2 = m a 2 + h 2 10 5 4
(b) From Sample Problem 9.11, we have
or
a =2 h
I x =
and at the centroid C
3 ma 2 10
I y =
3 2 1 2 m a + h 20 4
2
Then
I y
3 2 1 2 h m a + h + m = I z = 20 4 4
=
1 m 3a 2 + 2h 2 20
From part a it then immediately follows that
3 1 ma 2 = m 3a 2 + 2h 2 10 20
or
a = h
2 3

(a) From Figure 9.28
Ix =
1 2 ma 2
I y = Iz =
1 m 3a 2 + L2 12
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is then
I x x 2 + I y y 2 + I z z 2 = 1:
1 2 2 1 1 ma x + m 3a 2 + L2 y 2 + m 3a 2 + L2 = 1 2 12 12
1 2 1 ma = m 3a 2 + L2 2 12
or
a L
1 3
(b) Using Fig. 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem Have I x =
1 2 ma 2 1 7 2 L 1 m 3a 2 + L2 + m = m a 2 + L 12 4 4 48
I y = I z =
From Part a it then immediately follows that
1 2 7 2 1 ma = m a 2 + L 2 4 48
or
a L
7 12

(i) To prove By
I y + Iz Ix
I y = z + x dm
Then
I z = x + y dm
definition
I y + I z = z 2 + x 2 dm + x 2 + y 2 dm
= y 2 + z 2 dm + 2 x 2dm
Now..
2 2 ( y + z ) dm = I x
and
2 x dm 0
I y + Iz Ix
Q.E.D.
The proofs of the other two inequalities follow similar steps. (ii) If the x axis is the axis of revolution, then
I y = Iz
and from part (i) I y + I z I x or 2I y I x or I y
1 Ix 2
Q.E.D.
(a) At the center of the cube have (using Figure 9.28)
Ix = I y = Iz =
1 1 m a 2 + a 2 = ma 2 12 6
Using Equation (9.48), the equation of the ellipsoid of inertia is
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 ma x + ma y + ma z = 1 6 6 6
or which is the equation of a sphere. Since the ellipsoid of inertia is a sphere, the moment of inertia with respect to any axis OL through the center O of the cube must always 1 be the same R = . I OL
x2 + y 2 + z 2 =
6 = R2 ma 2
I OL =
1 2 ma 6
(b) The above sketch of the cube is the view seen if the line of sight is along the diagonal that passes through corner A. For a rectangular coordinate system at A and with one of the coordinate axes aligned with the diagonal, an ellipsoid of inertia at A could be constructed. If the cube is then rotated 120 about the diagonal, the mass distribution will remain unchanged. Thus, the ellipsoid will also remain unchanged after it is rotated. As noted at the end of section 9.17, this is possible only if the ellipsoid is an ellipsoid of revolution, where the diagonal is both the axis of revolution and a principal axis. It then follows that
I x = I OL =
1 2 ma 6
continued
In addition, for an ellipsoid of revolution, the two transverse principal moments of inertia are equal and any axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution is a principal axis. Then, applying the parallelaxis theorem between the center of the cube and corner A for any perpendicular axis
I y = I z =
3 1 2 ma + m 2 a 6
or I y = I z =
11 2 ma 12
Note: Part b can also be solved using the method of Section 9.18. First note that at corner A
Ix = I y = Iz =
2 2 ma 3
I xy = I yz = I zx =
1 2 ma 4
Substituting into Equation (9.56) yields
k 3 2ma 2k 2 +
For which the roots are
55 2 6 121 3 9 m a k ma =0 48 864 11 2 ma 12
k1 =
1 2 ma 6
k2 = k3 =
(i) Using Equation (9.30), we have
I x + I y + I z = y 2 + z 2 dm + z 2 + x 2 dm + x 2 + y 2 dm
= 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 dm = 2 r 2dm
where r is the distance from the origin O to the element of mass dm. Now assume that the given body can be formed by adding and subtracting appropriate volumes V1 and V2 from a sphere of mass m and radius a which is centered at O; it then follows that m1 = m2 mbody = msphere = m .
Then
( I x + I y + I z )body = ( I x + I y + I z )sphere + ( I x + I y + I z )V
Ix + I y + Iz
or
)V
( I x + I y + I z )body = ( I x + I y + I z )sphere + 2 m r 2dm 2 m r 2dm

1 2
Now, m1 = m2 and r1 r2 for all elements of mass dm in volumes 1 and 2.
m r 2dm m r 2dm 0 1 2
so that
( I x + I y + I z )body ( I x + I y + I z )sphere
Q.E.D.
continued
(ii) First note from Figure 9.28 that for a sphere
Ix = I y = Iz =
Thus,
2 2 ma 5
ma 2 ( I x + I y + I z )sphere = 6 5
For a solid of revolution, where the x axis is the axis of revolution, have
I y = Iz
Then, using the results of part i
ma 2 ( I x + 2I y )body 6 5
From Problem 9.178 have or
Iy
1 Ix 2
( 2I y I x )body 0
ma 2 ( 4I y )body 6 5
Adding the last two inequalities yields
or
3 ma 2 ( I y )body 10
Q.E.D.
(a) First compute the moments of inertia using Figure 9.28 and the parallel-axis theorem.
a 2 a 2 13 1 2 2 2 Ix = Iz = m 3a + a + m + 2 = 12 ma 12 2 1 3 2 I y = ma 2 + m ( a ) = ma 2 2 2
Next observe that the centroidal products of inertia are zero because of symmetry. Then
0 1 a a I xy = I xy + mx y = m ma 2 2 = 2 2 2 0 1 a a I yz = I yz + my z = m ma 2 = 2 2 2 2
a a 1 2 I zx = I zx + mz x = m = ma 2 2 2
13 3 13 2 2 K3 + + ma K 12 2 12
2 2 2 13 3 3 13 13 13 1 1 1 2 + + + ma 12 2 2 12 12 12 2 2 2 2 2
3 13 3 13 13 1 3 1 13 1 1 1 1 2 2 ma = 0 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 12 12 2 2 2 2 12 2 2
Simplifying and letting K = ma 2 yields
11 2 565 95 + =0 3 144 96
continued
Solving yields
1 = 0.363383
2 =
19 12
3 = 1.71995
K1 = 0.363ma 2 K 2 = 1.583ma 2 K3 = 1.720ma 2
The principal moments of inertia are then
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis, we use two of the equations of Equations (9.54) and Equation (9.57). Thus (9.54a) ( I x K ) x I xy y I zxz = 0
I zxx I yz y + ( I z K ) z = 0
2 2 2 x + y + z =1
(9.54c) (9.57)
Note: Since I xy = I yz , Equations (9.54a) and (9.54c) were chosen to simplify the elimination of y during the solution process. Substituting for the moments and products of inertia in Equations (9.54a) and (9.54c)
1 13 2 1 ma 2 y ma 2 z = 0 ma K x 12 2 2 2 1 1 13 ma 2 x ma 2 y + ma 2 K z = 0 2 12 2 2
or and
1 1 13 x + y z = 0 2 2 2 12 1 1 13 x + y + z = 0 2 12 2 2
(i) (ii)
Observe that these equations will be identical, so that one will need to be replaced, if
13 1 19 = = or 12 2 12 Thus, a third independent equation will be needed when the direction cosines associated with K 2 are determined. Then for K1
and K 3
continued
13 1 13 1 z = 0 Eq.(i) Eq.(ii) x + 2 12 2 12
or Substituting into Eq.(i)
z = x
1 1 13 x + y x = 0 2 2 2 12
or
y = 2 2 x 12
2

2 x
7 2 + 2 2 x + ( x ) = 1 12
2 7 2 =1 2 + 8 x 12
or
(iii)
K1 : Substituting the value of 1 into Eq.(iii)

2 7 2 2 + 8 0.363383 ( x )1 = 1 12
or and then
( x )1 = ( z )1 = 0.647249
( y )1 = 2
7 2 0.363383 ( 0.647249 ) 12
= 0.402662
( x )1 = ( z )1 = 49.7
( y )1 = 113.7
K 3 : Substituting the value of 3 into Eq.(iii)

2 7 2 2 + 8 1.71995 ( x )3 = 1 12
or and then
( x )3 = ( z )3
= 0.284726
( y )3 = 2
7 2 1.71995 ( 0.284726 ) 12
= 0.915348
( x )3 = ( z )3
= 73.5
( y )3 = 23.7
continued
K 2 : For this case, the set of equations to be solved consists of Equations (9.54a), (9.54b), and (9.57). Now
I xy x + I y K y I yz z = 0 Substituting for the moments and products of inertia.
(9.54b)
1 1 3 ma 2 x + ma 2 K y ma 2 z = 0 2 2 2 2 2
or
x + y + z = 0 2 2 2 2 2
(iv)
Substituting the value of 2 into Eqs.(i) and (iv)
1 13 19 ( x )2 + y 12 12 2 2
1 2 2
or
( z )2 = 0 ( )2 1 2
( x )2 +
3 19 y 2 12
( )2 + 2 1 2 ( z )2 = 0
( x )2 +
1 y 2
( )2 ( z )2 = 0
( )2 + ( z ) 2 = 0
and Adding yields and then
( x )2
2 y 6
( y )2 = 0
( z )2
2
= ( x )2

2 + ( y ) + ( x ) 2 ( x )2 2 2
=1
or
( x )2
1 2
and
( z )2
1 2
( x )2
= 45.0 y
( )2 = 90.0 ( z )2 = 135.0
(c) Principal axes 1 and 3 lie in the vertical plane of symmetry passing through points O and B. Principal axis 2 lies in the xz plane.

From the solution to Problem 9.143 and 9.167
I x = 34.106 103 lb ft s 2 I y = 50.125 103 lb ft s 2 I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2 I xy = 0.96211 103 lb ft s 2 I yz = I zx = 0

(a) From Equation 9.55
Ix K I xy 0 0 I xy Iy K =0 0 0 Iz K
or or Then Now and
2 =0 ) ( I z K ) ( I z K ) I xy 2 I K ) ( I y K ) I xy =0 ( Iz K ) ( x 2 I z K = 0 and I x I y ( I x + I y ) K + K 2 I xy =0
( Ix K )( I y
K1 = I z = 34.876 103 lb ft s 2 or K1 = 34.9 103 lb ft s 2
( 34.106 10 )(50.125 10 ) (34.106 10 + K ( 0.96211 10 ) = 0

3 3 2 3 2
+ 50.125 10 3 K
or Solving yields
1.70864 103 84.231 103 K + K 2 = 0
K 2 = 34.0486 103 K3 = 50.1824 103 or K 2 = 34.0 103 lb ft s 2

and K3 = 50.2 103 lb ft s 2
continued
(b) To determine the directions cosines x , y and z of each principal axis use two of the Equations 9.54 and Equation 9.57
K1 : Using Equation 9.54(a) and Equation 9.54(b) with I yz = I zx = 0 ,

we have
( I x K1 )( x )1 I xy ( y )1 = 0
I xy ( x )1 + I y K1 y
Substituting
)( )1 = 0
( 34.106 10
or
34.876 103 ( x )1 0.96211 103 y
( )1 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )1 + 50.125 103 34.876 103 y 0.770 103 ( x )1 0.96211 103 y
)( )
=0
( )1 = 0 ( )1 = 0
( z )1 = 1 ( z )1 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )1 + 15.249 103 y

Solving yields
From Equation 9.57 and
( x )12 + ( y )1 + ( z )12
( x )1 = ( y )1 = 0
02
= 1 or
( x )1 = 90.0,
( y )1 = 90.0, )( )2 = 0
K 2 : Using Equation 9.54(b) and Equation 9.54(c) with I yz = I zx = 0
I xz ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
( Iz
Now Substituting
K 2 )( z )2 = 0
I z K 2 ( z )2 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )2 + 50.125 103 34.0486 103 y

or
)( )
=0
( y )2 = 0.05985 ( x )2
continued
Then
+ ( x )2 2 0.05985 ( x )2
+ ( z )2 = 1
( x )2
= 0.99821
( y )2 = 0.05974
and
K3 :
( x )2
= 3.43,
( y )2 = 86.6, ( z )2 = 90.0 )( )3 = 0
I xy ( x )3 + I y K3 y
( Iz
Now Substituting
K3 ) ( z )3 = 0
I z K3 ( z )3 = 0
0.96211 103 ( x )3 + 50.125 103 50.1824 103 y 0.96211 103 ( x )3 0.0574 103 y
or Have yields and
)( )
=0
( )3 = 0
0
2
( y )3 = 16.7615 ( x )3
2 + ( x )3 16.7615 ( x )3 2
+ ( z )3 = 1
( x )3
= 0.059555
and
( y )3 = 0.998231
z = 90.0
( x )3
= 93.4,
( y )3 = 3.41,
(c) Principal axis 1 coincides with the z axis, while the principal axes 2 and 3 lie in the xy plane

From Problem 9.147:
I x = 9.8821 103 lb ft s 2
I y = 11.5344 103 lb ft s 2
I z = 2.1878 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.151:
I xy = 0.48776 103 lb ft s 2 I yz = 1.18391 103 lb ft s 2
I zx = 2.6951 103 lb ft s 2
(a) From Equation 9.56
2 2 2 K 3 I x + I y + I z K 2 + I x I y + I y I z + I z I x I xy I yz I zx K 2 2 2 I x I y I z I x I yz I y I zx I z I xy 2I xy I yz I zx = 0
Substituting
( 9.8821 + 11.5344 + 2.1878 ) 103 K 2 + ( 9.8821)(11.5344 ) + (11.5344 )( 2.1878 ) K3

2 2 2 + ( 2.1878 )( 9.8821) ( 0.48776 ) (1.18391) ( 2.6951) 10 6 K
( 9.8821)(11.5344 )( 2.1878 ) ( 9.8821)(1.18391)2 (11.5344 )( 2.6951)2

2 9 ( 2.1878 )( 0.48776 ) 2 ( 0.48776 )(1.18391)( 2.6951) 10 = 0
or Solving numerically
K 3 23.6043 103 K 2 + 151.9360 106 K 148.1092 109 = 0
K1 = 1.180481 103 lb ft s 2 K 2 = 10.72017 103 lb ft s 2 K3 = 11.70365 103 lb ft s 2
or or or
K1 = 1.180 10 3 lb ft s 2 K 2 = 10.72 10 3 lb ft s 2 K3 = 11.70 10 3 lb ft s 2
continued
(b)
From Equations 9.54(a) and 9.54(b)
( I x K )( x ) I xy ( y ) I zx ( z ) = 0
I xy ( x ) + I y K1 y I yz ( z ) = 0
K1: Substitute K1 and solve for to get ( x )1 , y
( 9.8821 1.180481) ( ) 0.48776 x 1 y
)( )
( )1 and ( z )1 .
10 3 = 0 ( )1 1.18391( z )1
10 3 = 0 ( )1 2.6951( z )1
0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 1.180481) x 1 y
or
17.83996 ( x )1 y
( )1 5.52546 ( z )1 = 0
0.0471( x )1 + y
Then and Equation 9.57: Substituting
( )1 0.11434 ( z )1 = 0
( z )1 = 3.1549 ( x )1
( y )1 = 0.40769 ( x )1
2 2 + ( y ) + ( z )1 ( x )1 1 2
=1
2
2 + ( x )1 0.40769 ( x )1
+ 3.1549 ( x )1 = 1
or
( x )1 = 0.29989
then
( x )1 = 72.5
and
( y )1 = 0.122262
( z )1 = 0.94612
then
then
( y )1 = 83.0
( z )1 = 18.89
K 2: Substitute K 2 and solve for .

( 9.8821 10.72017 ) ( ) 0.48776 x 2 y 0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 10.72017 ) x 2 y
10 3 = 0 ( )2 2.6951( z )2
103 = 0 ( )2 1.18391( z )2
continued
or
1.718202 ( x )2 y
( )2 5.52546 ( z )2 = 0 ( )2 1.45402 ( z )2 = 0
= 0.33201( x )2
0.599045 ( x )2 + y
Then and Then
( z )2
( y )2 = 0.116306 ( x )2
+ ( x )2 2 0.116306 ( x )2
2
+ 0.33201( x )2 = 1
or
( x )2
= 0.94333
then
( x )2
( z )2
= 19.38
And
( y )2 = 0.109715
= 0.31320
then
then
( y )2 = 83.7
= 108.3
( z )2
K 3: Substitute K 3 and solve for .

( 9.8821 11.70365 ) ( ) 0.48776 x 3 y
10 3 = 0 ( )3 2.6951( z )3 103 = 0 ( )3 1.18391( z )3
0.48776 ( ) + (11.5344 11.70365 ) x 3 y
or
3.73452 ( x )3 y
2.88189 ( x )3 + y
( )3 5.52546 ( z )3 = 0
( )3 + 6.99504 ( z )3 = 0
( z )3
= 0.58019 ( x )3
Then and
( y )3 = 6.9403 ( x )3
2 Then ( x )3 + 6.9403 ( x )3 + 0.58019 ( x )3 = 2 2
or
( x )3
( z )3
= 0.142128*
then
then
then
( x )3
( z )3
= 98.2
( y )3 = 0.98641
= 0.082461
*
( y )3 = 9.46
= 94.7
Note: the negative root of ( x )3 is taken so that axes 1, 2, 3 form a right-handed set.

(a) From the solution of Problem 9.169 have
Ix = Iy = Iz =
1W 2 a 2 g W 2 a g 5W 2 a 6 g
I xy = I yz = I zx =
1W 2 a 4 g 1W 2 a 8 g 3W 2 a 8 g
2 2 2 2 1 5 W 2 2 1 5 5 1 1 1 3 W 2 K + 1 + a K + (1) + (1) + a K 6 g 6 6 2 4 8 8 2 2 g 3 3 2 2 1 5 1 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 3 W 2 (1) (1) 2 a = 0 8 6 4 4 8 8 2 6 2 8 g
Simplifying and letting K =
W 2 a yields g
3 2.33333 2 + 1.53125 0.192708 = 0

Solving yields
1 = 0.163917
The principal moments of inertia are then
2 = 1.05402
3 = 1.11539
K1 = 0.1639 W 2 a g
K 2 = 1.054 K 3 = 1.115
continued
W 2 a g W 2 a g
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis, use two of the equations of Equations (9.54) and (9.57). Then
K1 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K1 )( x )1 I xy ( y )1 I zx ( z )1 = 0
I xy ( x )1 + I y K 2 y
Substituting
1 1W 2 W 2 a y 0.163917 a ( x )1 g 4 g 2 3W 2 a ( z )1 = 0 ( )1 8 g
)( )1 I yz ( z )1 = 0
1W 2 W a ( x )1 + (1 0.163917 ) a 2 y 4 g g
Simplifying yields
1W 2 a ( z )1 = 0 ( )1 8 g
1.34433 ( x )1 y
0.299013 ( x )1 + y
Adding and solving for ( z )1
( )1 1.5 ( z )1 = 0
( )1 0.149507 ( z )1 = 0
( z )1 = 0.633715 ( x )1
and then
( y )1 = 1.34433 1.5 ( 0.633715 ) ( x )1
= 0.393758 ( x )1
Now substitute into Equation (9.57)
2 + ( x )1 0.393758 ( x )1 2 2
+ 0.633715 ( x )1 = 1
or and
( x )1 = 0.801504
( y )1 = 0.315599
( x )1 = 36.7
( z )1 = 0.507925
( y )1 = 71.6
( z )1 = 59.5
=0
K 2 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K 2 )( x )2 I xy ( y )2 I zx ( z )2
I xy ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
)( )2 I yz ( z )2 = 0
continued
Substituting
1 1W 2 W 2 a y 1.05402 a ( x )2 2 g 4 g 3W 2 a ( z )2 = 0 ( )2 8 g
1W 2 W a ( x )2 + (1 1.05402 ) a 2 y 4 g g
Simplifying yields
1W 2 a ( z )2 = 0 ( )2 8 g
2.21608 ( x )2 y
( )2 1.5 ( z )2 = 0
4.62792 ( x )2 + y
( )2 + 2.31396 ( z )2 = 0
( z )2
= 2.96309 ( x )2
and then
( y )2 = 2.21608 1.5 ( 2.96309 ) ( x )2
= 2.22856 ( x )2
2 2
+ ( x )2 2 2.22856 ( x )2
or and
+ 2.96309 ( x )2 = 1
( x )2
= 0.260410
( y )2 = 0.580339
( z )2
= 74.9
= 0.771618
( x )2
( y )2 = 54.5
=0
( z )2
= 140.5
K 3 : Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b).
( I x K3 )( x )3 I xy ( y )3 I zx ( z )3
I xy ( x )3 + I y K 3 y
Substituting
1 1W 2 W 2 a y 1.11539 a ( x )3 g 4 g 2
)( )3 I yz ( z )3 = 0
3W 2 a ( z )3 = 0 ( )3 8 g 1W 2 a ( z )3 = 0 ( )3 8 g
continued
1W 2 W a ( x )3 + (1 1.11539 ) a 2 y 4 g g
Simplifying yields
2.46156 ( x )3 y
( )3 1.5 ( z )3 = 0
2.16657 ( x )3 + y
( )3 + 1.08328 ( z )3 = 0
( z )3
= 0.707885 ( x )3
and then
( y )3 = 2.46156 1.5 ( 0.707885 ) ( x )3
= 1.39973 ( x )3
2 + ( x )3 1.39973 ( x )3 2 2
+ 0.707885 ( x )3 = 1
(i)
or and
( x )3
= 0.537577
( y )3 = 0.752463
( z )3
= 57.5
= 0.380543
( x )3
( y )3 = 138.8
( z )3
= 112.4
(c) Note: Principal axis 3 has been labeled so that the principal axes form a right-handed set. To obtain the direction cosines corresponding to the labeled axis, the negative root of Equation (i) must be chosen; that is, ( x )3 = 0.537577 Then ( x )3 = 122.5
( y )3 = 41.2
( z )3
= 67.6
From Problem 9.170
m1 = ta 2
m2 =
1 ta 2 2
Now
I x = ( I x )1 + ( I x )2 = Iy = Iy
1 11 5 ta 2 a 2 + ta 2 a 2 = ta 4 3 6 2 12
1 1 2 2 2 4 ( )1 + ( I y )2 = 1 ( ta2 ) a2 + 1 ta ( a + a ) = ta 3 6 2 2
I z = ( I z )1 + ( I z )2 =
Now note that symmetry implies
1 11 3 ta 2 a 2 + a 2 + ta 2 a 2 = ta 4 3 6 2 4
)(
( I xy )1 = ( I yz )1 = ( I zx )1 = 0 ( I xy )2 = ( I yz )2 = 0
Have
I uv = I uv + mu v
continued
Then
a a 1 I xy = m1x1 y1 + m2 x2 y2 = ta 2 = ta 4 2 2 4
0 m y z0 I yx = m1 y1z1 + 2 2 2
I zx = m1z1x1 + I z x
From Problem 9.170 Then (a) Equation 9.56
2 2 2 K 3 I x + I y + I z K 2 + I x I y + I y I z + I z I x I xy I yz I zx K
2 2 2 I x I y I z I x I yz I y I zx I z I xy 2I xy I yz I zx = 0
( )2 + m2 z2 x2
1 ta 4 ( I zx )2 = 72
I zx =
1 1 1 1 1 ta 4 + ta 2 a a = ta 4 72 2 3 3 24
Substituting
2 2 5 1 3 5 1 1 3 3 5 1 1 + + ta 4 K 2 + + + 0 ta 4 K 3 24 12 2 2 4 4 12 4 12 2 4
K )
2 2 5 1 3 1 1 3 1 0 0 ta 4 2 24 4 4 12 2 4
=0 )
Simplifying and letting yields Solving numerically...
K = ta 4
3 2 + 1 = 0.203032
5 3
479 125 =0 576 1152
or
K1 = 0.203 ta 4
2 = 0.698281 3 = 0.765354
(b) Equations 9.54a and 9.54b
or or
K 2 = 0.698 ta 4 K3 = 0.765 ta 4
( I x K )( x ) I xy ( y ) I zx ( z ) = 0
I xy ( x ) + I y K y I yz ( z ) = 0
continued
)( )
Substituting K1
5 1 12 0.203032 ( x )1 4 y
1 ( z )1 ta 4 = 0 ( )1 24
4 ( )1 0 ta = 0
1 1 ( x )1 + 0.203032 y 4 2
or and Equation 9.57 Substituting
( y )1 = 0.841842 ( x )1
( z )1 = 0.0761800 ( x )1
2 2 + ( y ) + ( z )1 ( x )1 1 2
=1
2
2 + ( x )1 0.841842 ( x )1
+ 0.0761800 ( x )1 = 1
or
( x )1 = 0.763715
then
then
( x )1 = 40.2
( y )1 = 0.642927
( z )1 = 0.0581798
Substituting K 2
5 1 12 0.698281 ( x )2 4 y 1 ( z )2 ta 4 = 0 ( )2 24
4 ( )2 0 ta = 0
( y )1 = 50.0
( z )1 = 86.7
then
1 1 ( x )2 + 0.698281 y 2 4
or and Then
( y )2 = 1.260837 ( x )2
( z )2
= 0.806278 ( x )2
2
+ ( x )2 2 1.260837 ( x )2
+ 0.806278 ( x )2 = 1
or
( x )2
( z )2
= 0.555573
then
then
( x )2
( z )2
= 56.2
( y )2 = 0.700487
= 0.447946
( y )2 = 134.5
= 63.4
continued
then
Substituting K 3
5 1 12 0.765354 ( x )3 4 y
1 ( z )3 ta 4 = 0 ( )3 24
4 ( )3 0 ta = 0
1 1 ( x )3 + 0.765354 y 2 4
or
( y )3 = 0.942138 ( x )3
( z )3
= 2.71567 ( x )3
2 2 + ( x )3 0.942138 ( x )3
And Then
+ 2.71567 ( x )3 = 1
or
( x )3
= 0.328576
then
( x )3
= 70.8
( y )3 = 0.309564
( z )3
(c )
= 0.892304
then
then
( y )3 = 108.0
( z )3
= 153.2

(a) From the solutions to Problem 9.150
I x = 14.32 103 lb ft s 2
I y = I z = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2
From Problem 9.172
I xy = I zx = 4.297 103 lb ft s 2 , I yz = 0
Substituting into Eq. (9.56) and using
I y = Iz,
I xy = I zx ,
I yz = 0
2 2 2 2 K 3 I x + 2I y K 2 + I x 2I y + I y 2 I xy K I x I y 2I y I xy =0
( )
( )
K 3 14.32 103 + 2 18.62 102 K 2 + 14.32 10 3 ( 2 ) 18.62 103 + 18.62 10 3
2 4.297 103
or
( ) ( K (14.32 10 )(18.62 10 ) )
2 3 3
) (
) (
2 2 18.62 10 3 4.297 10 3 = 0
)(
K 3 51.56 103 K 2 + 0.84305 103 K 0.004277 103 = 0

Solving:
K1 = 0.010022 lb ft s 2
or K1 = 10.02 103 lb ft s 2 or K 2 = 18.62 103 lb ft s 2 or K3 = 22.9 103 lb ft s 2
K 2 = 0.018624 lb ft s 2 K3 = 0.022914 lb ft s 2
Equations (9.54) and Equation (9.57). Then
(b) To determine the direction cosines x , y , z of each principal axis, use two of the equations of
K1 : Begin with Equations (9.54b) and (9.54c):
I xy (x )1 + ( I y K1)( y )1 I yz (z )1 = 0 I zx (x )1 I yz ( y )1 + ( I z K1) (z )1 = 0
or
4.297 103 (x )1 + 18.62 103 10.02 103 ( y )1 = 0 4.297 103 (x )1

3
( + (18.62 10
10.02 103
) ) ( )
z 1
=0
continued
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 0.49965 ( x )1
2 + 2 ( x )1 0.49965 ( x )1 2
=1
( x )1 = 0.81669
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 0.40806
( x )1 = 35.2;
I xy ( x )2 + I y K 2 y
K2: Begin with Equations (9.54a) and (9.54b): ( I x K 2 )( x )2 I xy ( y )2 I zx (z )2 = 0
( y )1 = ( z )1 = 65.9
)( )2 I yz (0z )2 = 0
Substituting:
(14.32 10
From (ii) From (i) Substituting:
18.62 103 ( x )2 4.297 103 ( y ) 2 (z ) 2 = 0
(i) (ii)
4.297 103 ( x )2 + 18.62 103 18.62 103 y
)( )
=0
( x )2
2
=0
( y )2 = ( z )2
+ (y ) + ( x )2 2 ( z )2 2
2
=1
( y )2 =
K3: Begin with Equations (9.54b) and (9.54c) I xy ( x )3 + I y K3 y
1 2
( x )2
= 90.0, y
( )2 = 45.0, ( z )2 = 135.0
)( )3 + I yz ( z )3 = 0 I zx ( x )3 I yz 0 ( y ) + ( I z K3 ) ( z )3 = 0
Substituting:
4.297 103 ( x )3 + 18.62 103 22.9 103 ( z )3 = 0

4.297 103 ( x )3
3
( + (18.62 10
1 3
22.9 103
Simplifying:
( y )3 = ( z ) 3 = ( x )3
and
) )( )
z 3
=0
( x )2 3
+ 2 ( x )3 = 1 ( x )3 =
( y )3 = ( z )3 =
( x )3
= 54.7, y
( )3 = ( z )3 = 125.3
continued
1 3
Note: Principal axis 3 has been labeled so that the principal axes form a right-handed set to obtain the direction cosines corresponding to the labeled axis, the negative root of Equation (i) must be chosen; that is:
( x )3
Then:
1 3
( x )3
= 125.3
( y )3 = ( z )3 = 54.7
At
x = 0, y = 0: 0 = ka 2 + c
or k =
c a2
x = a,
y = b:
b a2
b=c
k =
y =
b 2 x a) + b 2( a b 2 x 2ax + a 2 + b a2
=
Now
dI y = x 2dA = x 2 ( y2 y1 ) dx
b 2b = x2 b + 2 x2 x + b b dx a a 2b 3 b = 2 x4 x + bx 2 dx a a 2b 3 a b I y = 0 2 x 4 x + bx 2 dx a a
b 4 b 3 1 b 5 = x x + x 2 2a 3 0 5 a
1 1 1 = a3b + 5 2 3
1 3 ab 30 Iy = 1 3 ab 30
At
x = 0, y = 0: 0 = ka 2 + c
k =
c a2
b=c
x = a, y = b :
k = y =b b a2
Then Now From above
b 2 x a) 2( a
dI x = y 2dA = y 2 ( xdy )
( x a )2
a2 (b y ) b
Then
x a = a 1
y b
and
x = a 1
y +a b
Then
y dI x = ay 2 1 + 1 b dy y b I x = dI x = a 0 y 2 1 + 1 b dy
and
y3 =a 3
y b + a 0 y 2 1 b dy
continued
First note that
A = A1 A2 A3
= (100 mm )(120 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 40 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 20 mm ) = (12 000 3200 1600 ) mm 2 = 7200 mm 2

Now where
I x = ( I x )1 ( I x )2 ( I x )3
( I x )1 =
1 (100 mm )(120 mm )3 = 14.4 106 mm 4 12
( I x )2
( I x )3
Then
= =
1 (80 mm )( 40 mm )3 + 3200 mm 2 ( 40 mm )2 = 5.5467 106 mm4 12
1 (80 mm )( 20 mm )2 + 1600 mm 2 ( 30 mm )2 = 1.4933 106 mm 4 12
I x = (14.4 5.5467 1.4933) 106 mm 4 = 7.36 106 mm 4

or I x = 7.36 106 mm 4
and
2 kx =
Ix 7.36 106 = = 1022.2 mm 2 A 7200

or k x = 32.0 mm
First note that
A = A1 A2 A3
= (100 mm )(120 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 40 mm ) ( 80 mm )( 20 mm ) = (12 000 3200 1600)mm 2 = 7200 mm 2

Now
Iy = Iy
( )1 ( I y )2 ( I y )3
where
1 (120 mm )(100 mm )3 = 10 106 mm 4 ( I y )1 = 12 1 ( 40 mm )(80 mm )3 = 1.7067 106 mm 4 ( I y )2 = 12 1 ( 20 mm )(80 mm )3 = 0.8533 106 mm 4 ( I y )3 = 12
Then
I y = (10 1.7067 0.8533) 106 mm 4 = 7.44 106 mm 4

or I y = 7.44 106 mm 4
And
2 ky =
Iy A
7.44 106 mm 4 = 1033.33 mm 2 7200 mm 2
k = 32.14550 mm
or k y = 32.1 mm
A, mm 2 1
y , mm
yA, mm3
(120 )2
= 22 619.5
50.9296
30
1.1520 106
0.324 106
1 ( 240 )( 90 ) = 10 800 2 11 819.5
0.828 106
Now (a) where
Y =
0.828 106 mm3 AY = = 70.054 mm A 11819.5 mm 2
J O = ( J O )1 ( J O )2
( J O )1 =
(120 mm ) = 162.86 10
4
mm 4
and
( J O ) 2 = ( I x ) 2 + ( I y ) 2
1 1 ( 240 mm )( 90 mm )3 + 2 ( 90 mm )(120 mm )3 12 12
= 40.5 106 mm 4 Then

J O = (162.86 40.5 ) 106 mm 4 = 122.36 106 mm 4 or J O = 122.4 106 mm 4 ! (b) or J O = J C + Ay 2
J C = 122.36 106 mm 4 11 819.5 mm 2 ( 70.054 mm ) = (122.36 58.005 )106 mm 4
or J C = 64.4 106 mm 4 !
W section (fig. 9.13A):
A = 7.08 in 2 I x = 18.3 in 4
I y = 82.8 in 4
A = 2 AW + 2 Aplate
2 = 2 7.08 in + ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.)
= 18.918 in 2
Now
Ix = 2 Ix
( )W + 2 ( I x )plate
2 4 2 6.495 in. = 2 18.3 in + 7.08 in 2
3 2 ( 7.93 in.)( 0.3 in.) +2 + 7.93 in. 0.3 in. 6.495 in. + 0.15 in. ( )( ) ( ) 12
4 4 4 = 2 92.967 in + 2 105.07 in = 396.07 in
or and or
I x = 396 in 4
k x2 = Ix 396.07 in 4 = = 20.936 in 2 A 18.918 in 2
k x = 4.58 in.
Angle: Channel:
A = 1.44 in 2
I x = I y = 1.24 in 4
A = 5.88 in 2
I x = 2.81 in 4
Locate the centroid
I y = 78.9 in 4
X =0
2 1.44 in 2 ( 0.842 in.) + 5.88 in 2 ( 0.606 in.) Ay = Y = A 2 1.44 in 2 + 5.88 in 2
=
Now
( 2.42496 3.5638) in 3
8.765 in 4
= 0.12995 in.
1.24 in 4 + (1.44 in 2 ) ( 0.842 in. + 0.12995 in.)2 ( I x ) = 2 ( I x ) L + ( I x )C = 2

2 4 2 + 2.81 in + 5.88 in ( 0.606 in. 0.12995 in.)
= 2 ( 2.6003) in 4 + 4.1425 in 4 = 9.3431 in 4

or I x = 9.34 in 4 Also
1.24 in 4 + 1.44 in 2 ( 5 in. 0.842 in.)2 + 7.89 in 4 ( I y ) = 2 ( I y ) L + ( I y )C = 2
= 2 ( 26.136 ) in 4 + 78.9 in 4 = 131.17 in 4

or I y = 131.2 in 4

(a) Have
I AA = I GG + mra2 I BB = I GG + mrb2
ra + rb = 290 mm
= 0.29 m
and Subtracting
I BB I AA = m rb2 ra2
( 41 78) g m 2
or or now so that
= (2000 g) ( rb + ra )( rb ra )
37 = (2000) (0.29) ( rb ra )
ra rb = 63.793 103 m
ra + rb = 0.29 m 2ra = 0.35379 m ra = 0.17689 m
or ra = 176.9 mm
(b) Have Then
I AA = I GG + mra2 I GG = 78 g m 2 (2000 g) (0.17689 m) 2
= 15.420 g m 2
Finally,
2 kGG =
I GG 15.420 g m 2 = = 0.007710 m 2 m 2000 g
kGG = 0.08781 m kGG = 87.8 mm
Have Symmetry implies For the other rectangles Where symmetry implies
I xy = I xy
( )1 + ( I xy )2 + ( I xy )3
( I xy )2 = 0
I xy = I xy + x yA
I xy = 0 A in 2 x , in. y , in.
1.0
Ax y in 4
1 3
4 ( 0.5 ) = 2 4 ( 0.5 ) = 2
2.75
2.75
5.5 5.5 11.00

or I xy = 11.00 in 4
1.0
From Problem 9.195 Compute I x and I y for area of Problem 9.195
I xy = 11.0 in 4
Ix =
5 in. ( 0.5 in.) 12
( 0.5 in.)( 4 in.)3 2 +2 + ( 4 in. 0.5 in.)(1.0 in.) 12
= 9.38542 in 4
( 0.5 in.)3 ( 4 in.) 0.5 in. ( 5 in.)3 2 Iy = 2 + ( 4 in. 0.5 in.)( 2.75 in.) + 12 12
= 35.54167 in 4
Define points Now
X ( 9.38542, 11) ,
and
Y ( 35.54167, 11)
I ave =
R=
Ix + I y 2
9.38542 in 4 + 35.54167 in 4 = 22.46354 in 4 2

2
and
Ix I y + I xy 2
( )
2 9.38542 35.54167 + (11.0 ) 2
= 17.08910 in 4
Also Then
2 ( 11.0 ) 2 m = tan 1 = 40.067 9.38542 35.54167
I max, min = I ave R = 22.46354 17.08910

= 39.55264, 5.37444
or I max = 39.6 in 4 I min = 5.37 in 4
Note: The a axis corresponds to I min and b axis corresponds to I max .
For the cylinder For the element shown
m = V = a 2 L dm = a 2dx
=
and
m dx L
dI z = dI z + x 2dm
=
L 0
1 2 a dm + x 2dm 4
L
Then
1 2 1 m m 1 I z = dI z = a + x 2 dx = a 2 x + x3 3 0 4 L L 4
m1 2 1 3 a L+ L L4 3
or I z = 1 m 3a 2 + 4L2 12
First compute the mass of each component

m1 =
m=
Then
0.284 lb/in 3 ( 5 in. 4.5 in. 0.9 in.) = 0.1786 lb s2/ft 32.2 ft/s 2
m2 =
m3 =
0.284 lb/in 3 ( 3 in. 2.5 in. 0.8 in.) = 0.05292 lb s 2/ft 32.2 ft/s 2
0.284 lb/in 3 2 ( 0.6 in.) 0.5 in. = 0.0049875 lb s 2 /ft 2 32.2 ft/s
Now observe that the centroidal products of inertia, I xy , I yz , and I zx , of each component are zero because of symmetry. Now I uv = I uv + muv so that ( Iuv )body = mu v .
0
m, lb s 2 /ft
x , ft
0.2083 3 0.3833 3 0.4375
y , ft
0.037 5 0.20
z , ft
0.187 5 0.187 5 0.187 5
mx y lb ft s 2
my z lb ft s 2
mz x lb ft s 2
0.1786
1.39531 103 4.0572 103 0.49095 103 5.94347 103
1.25578 103 1.98451 103 0.21041 103 3.45069 103
6.97656 103 3.80362 103 0.40913 103 11.18909 103
0.05292
0.0049875
0.225
Then
or I xy = 5.94 103 lb ft s 2 or I yz = 3.45 103 lb ft s 2 or I zx = 11.19 103 lb ft s 2

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

First note: Have

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

b b 8a3 a3 32a5 a5 2 3 20a

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

First note: Have

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Have At or At or Then Now

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

b3 2a 64a 6 48a 4 x 2 + 12a 2 x 4 x 6 dx 6 a 192a

ab3 372 127 3 64 112 + = 0.043006ab 192 5 7

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

dA = xdy dI x = y 2dA = y 2 xdy

I x = a 2 b 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 b cos d

= ab3 2 sin 2 cos 2 d = ab3 2

1 1 1 1 2 = ab3 2 (1 cos 4 ) d = ab3 sin 4 2 4 8 4

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 10.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 11.

1 b 1 1 = a + 3ae1 1.5ae2 + ae 3 3a 1.5a + a 1 3 1 e 3 3

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 12.

I y = 2b 02 a 2 sin 2 1 sin 2 a cos d

1 1 1 1 2 = a3b 02 (1 cos 4 ) d = a3b sin 4 2 2 4 4 0

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 13.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 14.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 15.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 16.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 17.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 18.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 19.

b3 4a 1 4a 4a 1 4a 3 x+ cos3 x sin x sin x = cos 3 4a 3 4a 4a 3 4a a

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 20.

2 a b sin 4a x 2 x dydx a b cos x 4a

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

2 2 x 2x = b + sin x cos x cos x 2 3 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a 4a

64a3b 2 2 Iy = sin x cos x x sin x cos x 2 x + + 4a 4a 2a 4a 4a 3 16a 2 a

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 21.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 22.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 23.

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

Chapter 9, Solution 24.

Let Then Thus Now

I x = 2 2 r 2 sin 2 ( r cos )( r cos d )