Thut Ng m Nhc * Nhc C in: Chng ta thng ngh rng nhc c in l nhng bn nhc c sng tc t nhng th k 17, 18 do nhng

nh son nhc v i nh Mozart, Bethoven, Bach, Tchaikovsky...v ci tn "c in" l v tnh cht "xa" ca n. Nhng trong th k 20 v c th c th k 21 na, s c thm nhiu bn c in hin i ca cc nh son nhc c ting nh Charles lves, Aaron Copland... bi v nhc c in l mt th loi nhc chu u . Nhc c in thng phc tp hn cc loi nhc khc vi cc hnh thc thng thng l giao hng, thnh phng, nhc kch, nhc cho kch ma (ba l). Cc bn c in bt h: Serenade (nhc chiu) , Th gi ELYSE, BN SONAT NH TRNG, Ave Maria... * Nhc thnh phng giao hng: Thnh phng v giao hng l hai th loi nhc anh em vi nhau. Giao hng l th loi nhc son cho c mt dn nhc ha tu vi qui m ln , tn dng s phong ph a dng v ha thanh, m sc, vang ca nhiu nhc c. Giao hng thng gm 4 tc to thnh bn chng tng phn nhng vn c s gn b hu c vi nhau. Thnh phng l nhc giao hng qui m nh, thng c vit cho mt nhm nhc cng 3, 4 ngi chi cng nhau, hoc c khi ch mt ngi chi chnh trong nhm nhc ph ha. Trc y nhc thnh phng c coi l nhc qu tc v phc v s t thnh gi, v th nn c tn l "nhc trong phng". Mt nhm nhc s 4 ngi chi n dy (t tu n dy) gm 2 violon, 1 viola v cello l v d tiu biu cho th loi nhc ny. Trong nhc thnh phng, mi nhc c chi mt phn ring bit * Concerto: Concerto l tc phm nhc c tnh cht k xo iu luyn vit cho mt (hoc 2, 3) nhc c din tu vi dn nhc v thng c hnh thc lin khc sonat. Concerto thng gm 3 chng nhc: Chng 1 c nhp iu nhanh, chng 2 chm - tr tnh, chng 3 rt nhanh. Concerto pht huy cao nht hiu qu m nhc ca nhc c c tu v ti nng k diu ca ngh s c tu thng qua cc on Cadenza (n tu khng c s tham gia ca dn nhc). Thng thng Concerto c vit cho 1 nhc c nn thng c tn "Concerto vit cho violon..." "vit cho piano"... i khi cng gp cc bn Concerto c 1, 2 hoc 4, 5 chng v nhng bn vit cho mt nhm nhc c hoc cho c dn nhc. * Ging Tenor: Tenor l ging nam cao th hin trong tc phm ca nhc. Cao ca ging ht thng c chia thnh 6 1oi ging theo cp : 3 cho nam v 3 cho n. Su loi ging c sp xp theo cp thp dn nh sau: Soprano (n cao) - cao nht, mezzo sprano (n trung), contralto (n trm), tenor (nam cao) , baritone (nam trung) bass (nam trm) - thp nht. Trong ging n trm tuy ngang vi ging nam cao nhng rng v mt hn. nc ta ging n cao tiu biu NSND L Dung v nam trm NSND Trn Hiu. * Opera: Opera l tn ca th loi nhc kch ; v kch c li c ht thnh nhc. Phn nhc m c chi bi mt ban nhc, thm ch l dn nhc. Khc vi kch ht ca nc ta thng ht theo cc ln iu dn ca v cc bi ht c sn (v d : dn ca kch Hu, ca ci lng:..). Opera c giai iu bin i theo din bin, tnh tit ca v kch , thng xuyn c nhng on cao tro hay trm lng cc ngh s Opera phi thun thc v thanh nhc c khi phi ln n ging cao nht cng nh ti ging thp nht. Xa nay, opera ch c biu din phc v tng lp thng lu nn cn gi l nhc qy tc * Cc loi n guitar: Cy n guitar chng ta thng thy l thuc loi guitar g (guitar thng) c hp cng hng l thng n. Ting ca guitar g rt hay v m nhng vang km. Mun chi trong dn nhc ngi ta phi dng ti guitar in khng cn thng n nhng ting c khuch i ln nhiu ln nh h thng tng m in t. Guitar in c hai loi chnh : guitar lead (m thanh cao, chi tai) v guitar bass (m trm). Guitar bass ch c 4 dy c ln. Cy n guitar ca ngi Nam B c khot lm xung phn cn n gia cc phm m cho ca vng c. Khi chi, ngh s ch vic bm mnh hay nh hoc rung ngn bm l c th to ra luyn ly rt hp vi dn ca Nam B.

Cy n guitar Hawaii (lc huyn Cm H Uy Di) tuy cng l guitar in nhng cc nhc cng dng mt thi kim loi bm xung dy thay v dng ngn tay. Khi chi ngi ta di chuyn thi kim loi ny rt linh hot to cho ting n s luyn ly rt c bit. (Theo bo Hoa Hc Tr - s 355). * Nhc Blues: Cng vi nhc Jazz, nhc Blues c ngun gc t nhng bi ca lao ng, tn gio v dn ca ca ngi M da en c ngi M da en khi xng vo u th k 20. Nhc Blues thng bun, v th nn c tn Blues (bun) Nhc Jazz thng c biu din bng kn, giai iu ro rt. * Nhc Country (ng qu): Trc ht, c th hiu ngay " nhc Country" l nhc ng qu. Khi m thanh v giai iu ni ln, ngi ta c th hnh dung n nhng ng c bc ngn xanh mt - vi nhng chng cao bi min Ty lng du. Ni ng hn, nhc Country gn lin vi mt nn vn ho cao bi m M chnh l qu hng. Nhc ng qu ra i M da trn nhc thng du min Nam, chu nhiu nh hng t nhng h thng nhc khc nh Blues, Jazz. Loi nhc ny thng c giai iu trm bun. Nhc Country ph bin nh i pht thanh Grand Ole Orpy bang Tennessee vo nhng nm 20. Ngun gc ca chng xut pht t nhng ngi dn Anh nhp c n M, h mang theo nhng ca khc Ballad Celtic vi phn li theo li k chuyn mc mc, bnh dn. Ni khc i, ci ngun ca nhc nhc country chnh l nhng bi dn ca m nhng ngi dn nhp c t Anh, Scotland, Iraland mang n vng ni Appalanchian min Nam M vo th k 18 - 19. n thp nin 1930 - 1940, nhng b phim v cao bi Vin Ty lm dy ln ln sng nhc country. Sau chin tranh th gii th hai, ngnh cng nghip ghi m bng n, Nashville tr thnh chic ni ca nhc Country. V n nhng nm 60, dng nhc ny thc s nh cao vi ngi khi xng l Bob Dylan v nhm byrds. Dng nhc thanh cnh, khng cn nhiu nhc c, i khi ch l mt cy guitar; ngi ta vn say sa ht. Ni dung n gin vi trung bnh khoang t trong mt bi. Ch thng gp nhc Country l nhng trit l nh v cuc sng, cuc i ca nhng ngi lao ng, s c n hay nhng nim tin v cc mi quan h trong gia nh. Ngy nay, p ng th hiu ca ngi nghe, cc nh sn xut thng pha trn gia Country vi nhc Pop v Rock phn no lm cho ngi nghe, nht l gii tr, kh c th nhn v phn bit tng loi nhc (nhng bi ht ca Shania Twain; Garth Brooks; Trisha Yearwood). Tuy nhin, cng phi nh h m nhc nhc Country khng b ri vo s lng qun. * Nhc Rock: Cn gi l Rock'N' Roll, do Elvis Presley khai sinh t thp k 50. Da trn tit tu ca ca ba loi nhc trc (Blues, Jazz, Country) nhng Rock li c tit tu mnh v nhanh, thng s dng cc loi nhc c in t. Rock ch ti hiu ng m thanh ca cc nhc c hn l ging ht. "Folk rock" (rock dn ca) l loi rock nh ging nh "slow-rock", "soft-rock"... "Hard rock" l loi Rock nng vi tit tu d di v m thanh cc ln, cht cha. Cng th loi ny l "heavy rock", "heavy metal". * Nhc pop: L loi nhc ph bin (popular) hin nay hu ht cc ca khc nh ca Celine Dion, Madonna, Frank Sinatra, Brandy...Pop ch trng nhiu hn Rock v giai iu v nhp iu, m thanh cng mm hn. * Nhc Rap: L loi nhc ni hoc c thanh, c m bng nhng nhp mnh, dn dp. RAP v th ch n nhp hn giai iu. Do ngi M da en sng to, RAP thng biu hin cho sc mnh d di, cung nhit v to cm gic gin d, bo lc * Album v Single Trong vic s dng cc t, ngi ta thng khng quan tm v mt thut ng v thng lm thay i cc ngha bao hm ca n. "Album" l mt v d tiu biu. Mt cun album hnh chng hn, gm nhiu hnh, nhng ngy nay trong lnh vc m nhc chng ta hiu album l mt a LP hoc mt bng cassette. Mt album thng c n t 10 n 12 ca khc trn mt mt a LP. Nu vic thu m trn a hay bng cassette gm mt b hai a LP hay hai bng cassette, ngi ta s gi y l "double album" hay "double cassette".

Cui thp nin 40, khi cc nh khoa hc pht minh ra chic a nha tng hp, th trng th gii c hai loi a: a n hay cn gi l a single, chy vi tc 45 vng/pht, ch ghi c 1 ca khc, cn gi l a 45. Single thng c ghi m ca khc ang c cng chng yu thch nht hoc nh sn xut mun gii thiu n cng chng mt ci g v cng c bit. Loi th hai l a LP, chy chm vi tc 33 vng/pht, ch ghi c 2 mt ln n 40 pht, cha t 8 n 10 ca khc, nn a 33 ny cn c gi l album. Theo thi gian, nhng chic a nha phi nhng bc cho bng nha ri n th h ghi m k thut s, tc chic CD hin thi. Hnh thc single mt do thoi tro nay phc hi tr li, nhng nh k thut tin tin, ni dung chic single thng cha 2-3 bi. * Recording (phng tin ghi m) Recording bao gm cc a bng cassette, a compact hay bt k "vt cha" no trn phn nhc thu vo u c th c pht li. Tri qua cc thi k pht trin t th k th 19 (cha c nhc c in t) n thi i k thut s hin nay, K thut ghi m tr nn ngy cng t mc trung thc cao, tng ng nh khi ang nghe trnh din trc tip. Ngy nay, cc phng tin thu m c lm bng nhiu cht liu khc nhau, t a xilanh nha c n shellac (nha cnh kin), a vinyl (nha tng hp); cc loi bng cng c lm bng nhiu cht liu khc nhau, t -xit, carbon, metal n cc loi bng a c bng k thut s. * Record Label (nhn a, cng ty ghi m) Record Label l mt mnh giy hnh trn c dn gia a nhc, trn c ghi tn ca hng ghi m hoc tn ca cng ty ng ra chu trch nhim pht hnh a. Ngoi ra trn mnh giy ny bn c th thy danh mc cc ca khc hoc bn nhc trn cng mt a c dn label cng nh tn ca ban nhc hoc tn ngi biu din cc ca khc hoc bn nhc ny. Ngy ny, Record Label c dng vi ngha m rng ch cng ty pht hnh a nhc. * Side (mt a) Trc khi s dng bng t, nhc thng c ghi trn a shellac v sau l a polyvinyl chloride. Ngoi tr cc a xut hin thi k u, nhc thng c ghi m trn c hai mt a (chng ta thng gi l mt A v mt B). Vi cc phng tin ghi m ph bin, mt A (side A) thng gm cc ca khc chnh hoc c cht lng m thanh hay hn so vi mt B (side B hoc flip side), mc d trong mt s trng hp, cc ca khc c ghi trn mt B li l cc ca khc c mi ngi a chung. Trong cc album LP, cc ca khc mt A v mt B khng c s khc bit no v cht lng. * Soundtrack (nhc phim) Mt soundtrack l phn m nhc trong my b phim c pht hnh trong mt album (bng cassette hay da CD). Soundtrack gm tt c phn nhc s dng trong b phim. V phng din k thut, phn m thanh trong phim c thu bao gm li i thoi, m nhc v cc hiu qu m thanh c gi l soundtrack. * Track (rnh m thanh) Tt c cc phng tin ghi m (bng, a ...) c miu t u c lin quan n track. Ni dung ca cc phng tin nh record (a nhc), cassette tape (bng cassette) v CD (a compact) l nhng bn nhc c ghi m v s bn nhc trn mi vt cha nhiu t khc nhau ty thuc vo mi loi vt cha. Ngy nay, trong cc li hng dn, gii thiu mt bi nhc, vic m t cc track ring bit cn c dng lm mt trong nhng tiu chun mi nht nh gi cht lng mt bi nhc. "Track" cn c ngha l mi mt loi m thanh no - nhc c hay ging ht - c thu m trong qu trnh sn xut. S track (rnh m thanh) c thu trong cc studio c th thay i trong khong t 16 n 48 track. S lng ny cng vi s phn tch rch ri gia cc track v cc nhc kh cng ln c ngha l cht lng m thanh ca bi nhc s cng cao. (Tng hp) * Supergroup l g? "Supergroup" (siu nhm) l t ch nhm nhc vi cc thnh vin t cc nhm nhc c ting tm trc . Mt trong nhng supergroup thnh cng nht l Cream vi cc thnh vin Eric Clapton (nhm John Mayall's Bluesbreakers), Jack Bruce v Ginger Baker (Graham Bond Organisation). Bn cnh l nhm nhc m ci tn cng cho thy tnh cht supergroup, l Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young vi David Crosby (nhm Byrds), Stephen Stills (nhm Buffalo Springfield), Graham Nash (nhm Hollies),

Neil Young (cng thuc nhm Buffalo Springfield). Tuy nhin, hu ht cc supergroup u khng t c thnh cng m cc thnh vin c c trc . Traveling Wilburys vi cc "i gia" nh Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, George Harrison v Jeff Lynne khng th no snh c vi nhng g m cc tn tui ny to ra trc . Cc thnh vin cng ni ting cng c "ci ti" qu ln, c phong cch ring nn kh ha hp li. Supergroup i khi l s lp ghp kh khing cng, l d n tay tri ca cc thnh vin khi nhm nhc chnh ca h tm ngng hot ng. Mt s supergroup quen thuc l: Asia, Contraband, Liquid Tension Experiment, Oysterhead...

Cc nhm thut ng m nhc Nhm thut ng ch Tn nhc c Nu bn ti mt ca hng nhc c ti Ty Ban Nha v hi mua n vi--lng, rt c th ngi bn hng s a ra cho bn xem cc cy n cng-tra-bt to knh. Bi v tn ca n cng-tra-bt trong ting Ty Ban Nha l violon. Chic kn thuc b g trong dn nhc giao hng c hnh dng ta chic iu cy c tn l pha-gt (nu c theo ting c) hoc l bt-xng (nu c theo ting Php). Chic kn thuc b ng m hnh dng thn kn ta nh mt b lng c gi khng chnh thc l kn co Php. Nm 1971, Hip hi kn co quc t ( International Horn Society) khuyn co s dng thut ng kn co (Horn) ch nhc c ny. Tuy nhin ci tn kn co Php vn thng xuyn c s dng cho d phn bit vi mt nhc c khc c tn kn co Anh. Trong h kn -boa c cc kn: -boa, -boa tr tnh; -boa an-t (kn co Anh).

CC NHC C C BIN CH TRONG DN NHC GIAO HNG:

Phin m Vit Tn ting Anh

Tn ting Php Tn ting c

Tn ting

Tn ting TBN

Vi--lng / V Violin cm Vi--la Viola Xen-l / Cello

Violon Alto

Nhc c b dy Violine / Geige Bratsche / Altgeige Violoncell

Violino Viola Cello / Violoncello Contrabasso

Violn Viola Violoncello / Violonchelo Violon

Violoncelle

Vi--lng-xen Cng-tra-bt Contrabasse / Double bass

Contrebasse

Kontrabass

Ph-lut -boa Cla-ri-nt

Flute Oboe Clarinet

Nhc c b g Flote Flote Hautbois Oboe / Hoboe Clarinette Klarinette

Flauto Oboe Clarinetto

Flauta Oboe Clarinete

Bt-xng / Pha- Bassoon gt

Basson

Fagott

Fagotto

Fagot

Kn co / Kn co Php Kn trm-pt Kn trm-bn Kn tu-ba

Horn Trumpet Trombone Tuba

Cor Trompette Trombone Tuba

Nhc c b ng Ventilhorn Trompete Posaune Tuba

Corno Tromba Trombone Tuba

Trompa Trompeta Trombn Tuba

Nhc c b g

Nhc c g c mt da cng Trng nh m Timpani / Timbale / Pauke / Pauken / Timpano / Timbal / Timbals / Kettledrum Timbales Kesselpauke / Timpani / Atabal Kesseltrommel Timballo / Timballi / Tympani Trng lc lc Tambourine Tambourin Tambourin Tamburello Pandereta Trng trm / Bass drum / CassaGrosse Caisse Grosse trommel Gran cassa Bombo trng ln Trng nh Snare drum Caisse claire / Kleine trommel Tamburo militare Tambor milita Tambour militaire

Ca-xta-nht Xy-l-phn/ n phin g Ma-rim-ba / Xy-l-rim-ba

Castanets Xylophone Marimba

Nhc c g bng g Castagnettes Kastaghetten Xylophone Xylophon Marimba / Xylorimba Marimba

Castagnetti Xilofono Marimba

Castauelas Xilfono Marimba

Kng tam gic Xanh-ban / Chm che Cng / Tam tam n chung phin n chung ng Vi-bra-phn

Triangle Cymbal

Nhc c g bng kim loi Triangle Dreieck Cymbale Becken

Triangolo Piatti / Cinelli / Cimbali

Tringulo Cimbalos

Gong / Tam-tam Gong symphonique Glockemspiel Jeu de timbres Chimes / Tubular bells Vibraphone / Jeu de cloches /

Clochelle Glockeglockemspiel

Campanella Campano

Carilon a cloches Vibraphone / Vibraphon

Vibrafono

Vibrfono /

X-le-xta

Vibraharp Celesta

Vibraharp Celesta

Celesta

Celesta

Vibraharp Celesta

CC NHC C KHC:

Phin m Vit Tn ting Anh

Tn ting Php Tn ting c

Tn ting

Tn ting TBN

Pi-a-n / Piano Dng cm n c-la-v- Harpsichord xanh n c-la-vi-c Clavichord n oc-gan / Organ n ng nh th

Piano Clavecin / Clavessin Clavicorde Organe

n phm g Klavier Cembalo / Kielflugel / Clavicimbel Klavichord Orgel

Pianoforte Clavicembalo / Cembalo / Cimbalo Clavicordo Organo

Piano Clavicmbalo / Clavecn Clavicordio rgano

Ghi-ta c in Classical Guitar Guitare Classique n lut Lute Luth n mng-- Mandolin Mandoline lin n hc-p / Harp Harpe Hc cm

n dy gy Klassische Gitarre Chitarra Classica Guitarra Clsica Laute Mandoline Harfe Liuto Mandolino Arpa Lad Mandolina Arpa

Pch-c-l

Piccolo

Petite Flute / Flute piccolo

Ph-lut an-t -boa an-t / kn co Anh -boa tr tnh Kn Xc-xphn ng tiu

Flute-alto English horn Oboe d'amore Saxophone Recorder

Flute grave Cor Anglais Oboe d'amour Saxophone Flute bec / Flute douce

Kn hi Klein Flote / Pikkoloflote / Pickelflote / Oktavflote Alt Flote Englisch Horn

Ottavino / Flauto Flautn / Ottavino Piccolo

Flauto contralto Corno Inglese Oboe d'amore Sassofono Flauto dolce / Flauto diritto / Flauto a becco

Corno ingls / Cuerno ingls Saxfono Flauta de pico / Flauta recta

Saxophon Beckflote / Blockflote / Schnabelflote

Nhm thut ng ch Loi ging ht V c bn ging ht chia lm 4 ging chnh: Bass, Tenor, Contralto v Soprano. y cng chnh l 4 b ca mt dn hp xng. Tuy nhin v sau trong opera do nhu cu a dng ho cc nhn vt vi nhiu tnh cch khc nhau nn trong opera ging ht c phn chia mt cch c th hn, gm c 6 ging: Bass, Baritone, Tenor, Contralto, Mezzo-soprano v Soprano. Trong mi loi ging li chia ra lm nhiu loi tuy theo m sc v m vc.

Loi ging

m vc

Phn loi ging b sung (T nh n nng)

Coloratura (N cao mu sc) Lyric Soprano (N cao tr tnh) Soprano (N cao) Lirico Spinto (N cao tr tnh kch tnh) Dramatic Soprano (N cao kch tnh) Wagnerian soprano (N cao siu kch tnh) Coloratura mezzo-soprano (N trung mu sc) Mezzo Soprano (N trung) Dramatic mezzo-soprano (N trung kch tnh) Castrato (Nam hon) Alto hay Contralto (N trm) Countertenor (Phn nam cao) Tenore Di Forza Tenor (Nam cao) Tenore Robusto Heldentenor (Nam cao siu kch tnh) Baritone (Nam trung) Basso Cantante (Nam trm tr tnh) Bass (Nam trm) Basso Profundo (Nam trm i)

Trng l di thi gian vang ln ca nt nhc. Mi gi tr nt c th c mt trng xc nh v mt du lng tng ng vi cng trng .

ting Vit ting Ting Anh Anh Anh M

ting ting c Php Doppelganze Doubleronde hoc l Doppelganzenote Ganze hoc l Ganzenote Halbe hoc l Halbenote Viertel hoc l Viertelnote Achtel

ting

ting Ty Ban Nha Cuadrada

Double whole Breve note Nt Whole Semibreve trn note Ni trng Half Minim note Nt en Quarter Crotchet note Nt mc Eighth Quaver n note Nt mc kp Nt mc tam Nt mc t Sixteent Semiquaver h note Thirtysecond Demisemiquaver note Sixtyfourth note

Breve

hoc l Doble Redonda Redonda

Ronde

Semibreve Minima hoc l Bianca Semiminima hoc l Nera

Blanche

Blanca

Noire

Negra

Croche Doublecroche

Croma hoc l Achtelnote Sechzehntel hoc l Sechzehntelnote Sechzehntel h Semicroma oc l Sechzehntelnote Biscroma

Corchea

Semicorchea

Quadruple Zweiunddreissigstel hoc l -croche Zweiunddreissigstelnote Vierundsechzigstel

Fusa

Octuple Hemidemisemiquaver croche

hoc l Vierundsechzigstelnote

Semibiscroma Semifusa

One hundred CentHundert und and Semihemidemisemiqua vingtachtundzwanzigstel hoc l twenty- ver huitime Hundert und eighth (note) achtundzwanzigstelnote note

Centoventottav Garrapatea o (nota)

ting ting Vit ting Anh Anh Anh M Double whole Breve rest rest Du Whole Semibreve rest

ting ting c Php DoubleDoppelganze Pause pause Pause Ganze Pause Pausa di breve Pausa di ting

ting Ty Ban Nha Pausas de Cuadrada Pausas de

lng trn Du lng trng Du lng en Du lng n Du lng kp Du lng tam Du lng t

rest Half rest Minim rest Quarter Crotchet rest rest Eighth rest Quaver rest Demipause Soupir Demisoupir Halbe Pause

semibreve Pausa di minima Pausa di semiminima Pausa di croma Pausa di semicroma

Redonda Pausas de Blanca Pausas de Negra Pausas de Corchea Pausas de Semicorchea Pausas de Fusa

Viertelpause

Achtelpause

Sixteenth Semiquaver rest rest Thirtysecond rest Sixtyfourth rest One hundred and twentyeighth rest Demisemiquaver rest

Quart de Sechzehntelpause soupir

Huitime Pausa di Zweiunddreissigstelpause de soupir biscroma

Hemidemisemiquaver rest

Seizime Pausa di Pausas de Vierundsechzigstelpause de soupir semibiscroma Semifusa

Trente et Semihemidemisemiquaver Hundert und Pausa di Pausas de deuxime rest achtundzwanzigstelpause centoventottavo Garrapatea de soupir

Nhm thut ng ch Cao (Pitch) Tn 7 nt nhc c bn trong ting Vit l , R, Mi, Fa, Son, La, Si. 7 nt ny tng ng vi cc ch ci C, D, E, F, G, A, B trong ting Anh.

Ting Vit La La ging La thng Si Si ging Si thng ging thng R R ging R thng Mi Mi ging

Ting Anh A A-Flat A-Sharp B B-Flat B-Sharp C C-Flat C-Sharp D D-Flat D-Sharp E E-Flat

Ting Php La La bmol La dise Si Si bmol Si dise Ut Ut bmol Ut dise R R bmol R dise Mi Mi bmol

Ting c A As Ais H B His C Ces Cis D Des Dis E Es

Ting La La bemolle La diesis Si Si bemolle Si diesis Do Do bemolle Do diesis Re Re bemolle Re diesis Mi Mi bemolle

Ting TBN La La bemol La sostenido Si Si bemol Si sostenido Do Do bemol Do sostenido Re Re bemol Re sostenido Mi Mi bemol

Mi thng Fa Fa ging Fa thng Son Son ging Son thng

E-Sharp F F-Flat F-Sharp G G-Flat G-Sharp

Mi dise Fa Fa bmol Fa dise Sol Sol bmol Sol dise

Eis F Fes Fis G Ges Gis

Mi diesis Fa Fa bemolle Fa diesis Sol Sol bemolle Sol diesis

Mi sostenido Fa Fa bemol Fa sostenido Sol Sol bemol Sol sostenido

Nhm thut ng ch Cng (Dynamics) Cng (Dynamics) l mnh hay nh ca mt nt nhc. Thut ng piano (p) c dng ch tnh cht nh v thut nh forte (f) c dng ch tnh cht mnh. Mi tnh cht ny li c tng ln nu ch ci biu tng cho n c tng gp i hay gp ba (vd: "pp" - "pianissimo", "rt nh"; "ppp" "pianississimo", "rt, rt nh"). Mi tnh cht ny cng c gim xung nu ng trc n c thut ng mezzo (m) (vd: "mf" - "mezzo forte", "hi mnh"). Nhm thut ng ch cng cng bao gm cc thut ng nh crescendo ("tng mnh ln dn dn"), decrescendo ("gim nh i dn dn") v sforzando ("mnh t ngt").

Thut ng Piano Pianissimo Pianississimo Pianissississimo Pianississississimo Pianissississississimo Mezzo-forte Mezzo-piano Fortissississimo Fortississimo Fortissimo Forte Forzando hay Forzato Sforzando Sforzato Thut ng kt hp Pianoforte Fortepiano Fortissimo piano

Vit tt P Pp Ppp Pppp Ppppp Pppppp Mf Mp Ffff Fff Ff F fz hay ffz sf hay sff hay sfff sfz hay sffz hay sfffz Vit tt Pf Fp Ffp

ngha m lng nh m lng rt nh m lng cc nh Cng nh cng tt m lng mnh trung bnh m lng nh trung bnh Cng mnh cng tt m lng cc mnh m lng rt mnh m lng mnh Bt u nt nhc mnh vi mt du nhn mnh. Mnh v c nhn Mnh v c nhn ngha Nh ri mnh ngay lp tc Mnh v c nhn ri nh ngay lp tc Bt u nt nhc rt mnh, gim ngay lp tc xung mt m lng nh hn nhiu.

Mezzoforte piano

Mfp

Sforzando piano

Sfp

Bt u nt nhc kh mnh, gim ngay lp tc xung mt m lng nh hn nhiu. Bt u nt nhc mnh, vi mt s nhn nhn ging r rt v t ngt, gim ngay lp tc xung mt m lng nh hn nhiu. ngha Tng dn m lng Gim dn m lng Gim dn m lng

Chuyn i cng Crescendo Decrescendo Diminuendo

Vit tt cresc. decr. hay decresc. dim.

Nhm thut ng ch Tc (Tempo) Tc (Tempo), cn gi l nhp , l nhanh, chm trong s th hin m nhc. My m nhp do nh pht minh Johann Mlzel ch to t nm 1816 ghi r tc bng con s chnh xc mi pht bao nhiu phch (M.M). Tc prestissimo vo khong 200 ti 208 M.M, tc presto vo khong 168 ti 200 M.M, tc allegro vo khong 120 ti 168 M.M, tc moderato vo khong 108 ti 120 M/M, tc andante vo khong 76 ti 108 M.M, tc adagio vo khong 66 ti 76 M.M, tc larghetto vo khong 60 ti 66 M.M, tc largo (tc chm nht) vo khong 40 ti 60 M.M.

CC THUT NG C BN

M.M. 40 | | | 56 | | | 66 | | 88 |

Ting Larghissimo Adagissimo Lentissimo Largo Adagio Lento Larghetto Adagietto Andante

Ting Anh

Ting Php

Ting c Sehr langsam Ganz langsam

Ting Vit Cc chm

Extremely slow Trs lent

Rt chm Very Slow Lent; Large Langsam; Breit Kh chm Rather slow Un peu lent Etwas langsam Mssig langsam Gehend Chm va phi

Moderately slowAllant Trs Modr

| Andantino | | | 120 168 | | | 208 | | | Moderato Allegretto Allegro Vivace Vivo Presto Allegrissimo Vivacissimo Prestissimo Moderately Rather fast Fast; quick Quite fast Modr Un peu anim Anim Vif; Vite Mssig Mssig bewegt Etwas bewegt Bewegt; Schnell Lebhaft; Eilig Rt nhanh Very fast Trs vif Ganz schnell Ganz lebhaft Va phi Hi nhanh Nhanh Kh nhanh

CC THUT NG B NGHA

Ting /Php/ c It. A poco a poco Fr. Peu peu Ger. Allmhlich It. Assai,molto Fr. Trs Ger. Sehr, ganz It. Con Fr. Avec Ger. Mit It. Meno Fr. Moins Ger. Weniger It. Non troppo Fr. Pas trop Ger. Nicht zu It. Pi Fr. Plus Ger. (suffix) er

Ting Anh little by little

very, much, quite

With

Less

Not too much

More

V d accelerando poco a poco acclerez peu peu allmlich schneller werden Presto assai or molto presto Trs vif Sehr schnell or ganz lebhaft Con brio Avec verve Mit schwungvoll Meno vivace Moins vif Weniger schnell Largo non troppo Pas trop lent Nicht zu langsam Pi vivace Plus vite

Ngha ting Vit Nhanh hn tng cht mt Rt nhanh

Theo tinh thn

Khng qu nhanh

Chm, nhng khng chm lm Nhanh hn

It.

Pochissimo

A very little

Eileger or lebhafter Pochissimo ritard

Chm li mt cht

Fr. Ger. It. Fr. Ger. It.

Un peu Etwas Poco, un poco Un peu Ein wenig Quasi

Cdez un peu Etwas zuruckhalten A little, somewhat Poco adagio Un peu lent Ein wenig langsam Like, almost Moderato quasi andante

Hi chm

Va phi gn nh andante

THAY I TC

Thut ng A piacere Accelerando (accel.) Ad libitum Alla Breve Allargando (allarg.)

ngha Tc theo mun ca nhc cng. Ging nh ad libitum. ng ngha virubato (linh ng), ngoi tr rubato l mun ca ch huy. Tng tc dn dn Tc theo mun ca nhc cng. Ging nh A piacere. ng ngha virubato (linh ng), ngoi tr rubato l mun ca ch huy. Nhp i vi mt nt trng lm c s.

Ancora A tempo

M rng ra; i khi mang ngha mt s kt hp gia ritardando v crescendo Hn na; thng dng km cc ch dn tc , nh ancora meno mosso(chm hn na)

Cdez Come prima Come sopra Doppio movimento

Theo tc ; ti thit lp tc ban u sau accelerando hay ritardando Thut ng ting Php mang ngha poco ritardando; hi km gi Nh ban u Nh trn; rt ging vi come prima

L'istesso tempo lo stesso tempo Meno mosso Pi lento Pi allegro Pi animato Pi mosso

Nhanh gp i; thng c dng kt hp vi Common time thay i ti Cut time Cng tc , hm rng phch (beat) vn nh c khi nhp thay i t 2/4 ti 6/8 Chm hn. Nhanh hn

Pressez Rallentando (rall.) Ritardando (rit.) Ritenuto (riten.)

Thut ng ting Php mang ngha "tng tc"; ng ngha vi accelerando Cng ngha vi ritardando; gim tc dn dn Chm li; km gi tc dn dn

Rubato Stringendo (string.)

Hay b nhm ln vi ritardando; mang ngha mt s gim tc t ngt, tri ngc vi s gim tc dn dn ca thut ng rallentando Ngha en l nh cp gi tr thi gian bng cch km gi hoc y nhanh tc ty theo sc thi ca on nhc.

Tempo giusto Tempo primo (Tempo I ) Trattenuto (tratt.)

y v pha trc; i khi b din dch nhm ln l mt s kt hp caaccelerando v crescendo Theo tc nghim ngt (khng rubato) Tc ban u Km gi li (ging nh rallentando) km theo mt tnh cht lin tc (sostenuto)

Th nhc Thut ng ting Dch st A cappella* Aria Arietta Ballabile Battaglia Bergamasca Burletta Cadenza Capriccio Coda Concerto Concertino Concerto grosso Libretto Opera Opera buffa Opera seria Sonata Intermezzo nh trong nh th nh khng kh khng kh nh nhy c trn nh t Bergamo mt tr a nh ang ri ng bng ui s ho hp s ho hp nh s ho hp ln quyn sch nh tc phm opera khi hi opera nghim tc ku vang lc ngng, ngh gia hai on nh ngha Ht khng c nhc c i km Bi ht c km nhc c, c bit trong mt opera Mt bi aria ngn Mt bi ht theo nhp nhy Mt khc nhc gi khng kh mt trn nh Mt iu nhy ca dn vng Bergamo Mt v opera khi hi nh Mt on c tu ho nhong cui phn trnh din Mt khc nhc si ni Phn cui mi on Mt tc phm m nhc vit cho nhc c c tu c dn nhc i km Mt bn concerto ngn; nhc c c tu trong mt bn concerto Mt th Barc ca concerto, vi mt nhm cc nhc c c tu Mt tc phm ghi li mt v opera hay nhc Mt v kch c ht v nhc c biu din Mt v opera khi hi Mt v opera vi ch nghim tc, thng l c in Mt nhc phm th snt cho mt hay hai nhc c Khc nhc ngn trung gian

Nhc c Thut ng ting Dch st Piano(forte) Viola (Violon)cello m i (m ) nh ngha Mt loi nhc c c bn phm

viola, gc Latinh vitulari "hy vui Mt loi nhc c c dy vi kch thc trung bnh ln" violone nh (violone ngha l "viola ln") Mt loi nhc c c dy ln Mt loi nhc c c dy, khi s dng c kp gia hai chn, cn gi l viol Mt loi nhc c c dy c gi bng tay, nh violin hay viola Mt loi viol tenor khng c phm Mt loi kn ng ln Mt loi so g nh Mt loi trng ln Mt loi so g c Mt loi chung dng trong mt dn nhc; cn gi l "chung" campane

Viola da gamba viola chn Viola da braccio viola tay Viola d'amore Tuba Piccolo Timpani Cornetto Campana Orchestra Ging Thut ng ting Dch st Soprano Mezzo-soprano Alto Contralto Tenor Baritone Basso Basso profondo Castrato Countertenor nhanh Thut ng ting Dch st Tempo thi gian nh ngha trn soprano trung cao (?!) nam cao nam trung thp thp v su thin phn nam cao nh ngha Ging n cao viola tnh yu ng nh trng sng nh chung

orchestra, ting Hy Lp: orkesthai Mt dn ha tu vi nhiu loi nhc c "iu nhy"

Ging gia soprano v alto, ging n trung Ging cao th nh; ging n trm Ging nam cao Ging nam trung Hay bass, ging nam trm Ging cc trm Mt ca s nam b thin ht ging soprano. (By gi do n ca s, hoc nam ca s countertenor c truyn, hoc sopranista ht) Ging phn nam cao. (m vc tng ng vi ging Alto/Contralto)

ngc li cao Tng ng vi ging alto

Tc ca mt on nhc

Largo Larghetto Lento Adagissimo Grave Adagio Adagietto Andante Adantino Sostenuto Comodo Modereto Allegretto Allegro Vivo Vivace Vivacissimo Veloce Presto Prestissimo Accelerando Affrettando Accompagnato Ad libitium hay ad lib Rallentando Ritardando Ritenuto Stringendo A Placere Poco a poco Meno presto Piu Mosso Tempo primo A Tempo Tempo i Marcia m lng

rng hi rng chm rt chm

Chm v trang nghim Nhanh hn largo Chm Rt chm Nghim trang

ad agio, thoi mi Thong th adagio nh ang i Nhanh hn adagio; hoc ch tc phm adagio ngn Th thi, khng vi Gn nh th thi Kim li, hm li thoi mi va phi hi vui ti vui ti, sng ng Theo tc va phi Theo tc va phi, nhanh hn comodo Hi chm hn allegro Tng i nhanh Si ni Si ni, sng ng Rt si ni, rt sng ng Mau, nhanh mau rt mau ang tng tc ang vi c i km tu thch Rt nhanh Rt rt nhanh ang tng tc ang tng tc m theo mt ca s c tu, ngi ny c th tng hay gim tc ty thch Tu theo thch ca din vin Chm dn Chm li Km li Sit cht Ty Dn dn Bt nhanh Nhanh hn Quay li tc u Tr li tc c Nhp hnh khc

Thut ng ting Dch st

nh ngha

Calando Crescendo Decrescendo Diminuendo Forte Fortissimo Mezzo forte Piano Pianissimo Mezzo piano Cm xc

th thm tr nn yu hn lm tt kho cc kho kho va mm mi tht mm mi mm mi va

Gim dn (tc v m lng) Chi cng lc cng nh (ngc li ca crescendo) m du hn To Tht to To va phi Nh Rt nh Nh va phi

tr nn mnh hn Chi cng lc cng ln

Thut ng ting Dch st Affettuoso Appassionato Con brio Cantabile Dolce Agitato Animato Bruscamente Con amore Con fuoco Lagrimoso Lamentatible Maestoso Mesto Pesante Quieto Scherzando Sensibile Spirituoso Strepitoso Teneramente Tranquillo Vivace sng ng uy nghi c cm gic c s say m c linh hn ht c ngt nhc nhch hot bt c tnh yu c la

nh ngha u ym Say m Hng hi, nng nhit Trong mt iu khuyn khch mi ngi ht Mm mi, du dng Nhanh v si ni Hot bt Tr tnh Vi mt thi quyt lit Than vn Ai on Trang nghim, hng v Bun b Nng n, chm chp Bnh tnh a gin D cm, a cm y tnh cm, phn khi n o, d di Du dng Bnh tnh Si ni v sng ng

sng sng, thiu kn o Sng sng

Din xut m nhc ni chung Thut ng ting Dch st nh ngha

Molto Assai Poco Poco a poco ma non troppo Chuyn hng

rt tht mt t, mt cht nhng khng qu

Dng vi cc thut ng khc, nh molto allegro - rt nhanh Dng vi cc thut ng khc, nh allegro assai - tht nhanh Dng vi cc thut ng khc, nh poco diminuendo - nh xung mt cht

mt t li mt t Tng t mt, thay i t t Dng vi cc thut ng khc, nh allegro ma non troppo - nhanh nhng khng qu nhanh

Thut ng ting Dch st nh ngha Attacca Cambiare K thut Thut ng ting Coloratura Altissimo Arpeggio Acciaccatura Appoggiatura Bocca chiusa Chiuso Col legno Pizzicato Col arco Basso continuo Coperti Una corda Due corde Dch st mu sc rt cao ta nh harp nghin p nghing ming ngm ng dng g gy dng dy bass lin tc che mt si hai si nh ngha Mt s hoa m cu k ca mt on ht Rt cao Mt hp m vi nhng nt c chi lin tip, thay v cng mt lc Mt nt chm dt tht nhanh n m, nt i trc nhn v bung vo nt i sau v ly vo gi tr thi gian ca nt i sau. Ngm khng li trong c hng Kn phi c che bng tay Phi c g bng sng cy v thay v ko v bnh thng Phi c gy bng tay thay v ko v bnh thng Bi b col legno hay pizzicato, dng v ko bnh thng tr li Phi m bass lin tc hoc b trm ko di lm thnh m nn Trng phi c che bng vi ( gim vang) Dng pedal cho piano (d di dn ba g sao cho ch nh vo mt si dy n) Dng pedal cho piano. Xem piano. tn cng Tin hnh sang on nhc sau m khng ngh thay i Bt k mt thay i no, nh i sang mt nhc c mi

Tre corde hay tutte le ba si hay tt c Bi b una corda (b chn ra khi pedal di dn ba g ba corde si dy nhng mi nt cao ca piano) Tutti Scordatura Vai ht Thut ng ting Dch st nh ngha tt c lm cho khng n khp Tt c cc nhc c cng mt lc So li dy cho violon hay ghita

Prima donna Comprimario/a Comprimario/a nh gi Thut ng ting Bel canto Bravura Bravo!

nht mnh ph con primario, cng vi ngi chnh con primario, cng vi ngi chnh

Vai n chnh Mt vai ph - comprimario nu l n ng, comprimaria nu l n b

Mt vai ph - comprimario nu l n ng, comprimaria nu l n b

Dch st nh ngha ging hay kho Kho qu! Bt c li ht thm m no, nht l li thnh hnh trong opera ca th k 18 v 19 Mt trnh din (nhc hay ht) tht xut sc Ting ku khen cho mt nam din vin; nu nhiu hn mt, dng bravi. Cho mt n din vin, dng brava; nu nhiu hn mt, dng brave

A Accord: Hp m. Accordion: n Accordion, cn gi l n xp, phong cm, pht minh nm 1828 Vin, gm mt b hp gi xp vo, ko ra c, c nt bm v phm bm iu khin bng hai tay. Acid rock: Mt dng nhc rock m , nng, l tin thn ca Heavy Metal. Acoustic: 1. m sc ca mt cao m nhc. 2. Nhc Acoustic, ni chung l loi nhc c to ra bng cc nhc c khng phi in t. Adagio: Chm, thong th, khoan thai, tnh cm. Add: Thm vo. (vd: Cadd9 Hp m C trng thm nt 9 C, E, G, D)

Added seventh: m by trng hay by th (tnh t nt gc) c thm vo hp m ba tr ng. Trong nhc Jazz, m by (vd: C, E, G, Bb) l mt nt Blues. m by tr ng trong hp m ba ch cui on nhc thng nghch hn nhiu v cc nhc cng th ng chi Tremolo. Added sixth: m su c thm vo hp m ba ch ging trng, thng cui cu, v c coi l n nh.u tin c dng bi Debussy v cc nhc s u th k 20, Hp m su (C, E, G, A trong gingC trng) tr nn cc k ph bin trong kiu chi Piano Jazz. Ad libitum:Tu , nhp t do. A dur: A trng Al fine: Cho n ht. Aeolian mode: Mode (thang m) tng ng vi tin trnh t nt A ti A trn cc phm trng n Piano. Allegro: Nhanh, vui si ni. Chng u hay chng cui ca bn sonate thng tc ny. Alt: Vit tt ca ch Alto (B) Alt: Vit tt ca ch Altered. Xem Altered chord. Altered chord: Hp m cha cc nt cng bin i, thng l cc hp m by t, tu thuc vo ging iu; cn gi l Hp m Chromatic.

Alto: C ging trung trong ht v n. Andante:Thong th nh bc i (tc gia moderato v adagio) Andantino: Hi chm gn nh Andante. Aria: iu ht, khc ht, c th l: - Tc phm n ca do dn nhc giao hng m. - Tit mc c lp trong mt ca kch, c ni dung su sc. Arpeggio: Chi hp m ri Arrangement: Bn son li, bn chuyn son. Assai: Rt. A tempo: Tr li tc . Vo nhp. Atonality: Tnh phi iu tnh. Mt loi m nhc hin i m cu trc iu tnh truyn thng khng cn na, v Ho biu khng c ghi. Aug: Vit tt ca t Augmented c ngha l "tng"; Hp m ba tng.

Augmented: Tng. Avant - garde:(1960 -1970) L mt dng nhc thuc jazz ca nhng nhm trnh cao, dng mt s cht liu ca mt s loi nhc khc. N c lin quan n nhng c nhn i u trong vic pht trin nhng sng to mi m. Mt s bn nhc c th dng giai iu c iu tnh trong mt phm vi ging trung tm nh l mt im xut pht cho ngu hng "th t do". Mt s bn nhc cho trc mt iu tnh trung tm nhng li khng c b tit tu hay k hiu nhp ho biu. Mt s bn nhc li khng c cu trc ho thanh hay trung tm ging iu. Th loi ny gn lin vi phong cch Free Jazz ca nhng nm 1960. B B: (La Tinh) Nt Xi, ging Xi trng. Back beat: (Anh) Phch sau, l mt thut ng ni n vic nhn mnh vo phch th hai v th t ca loi nhp 4/4; Mt thut ng thng c p dng vo cng vic ca ngi chi trng trong ban nhc. y cng l tnh cch tit tu ca Jazz & Latin cng nh Regea Ballad: (Anh) Mt tc phm tc chm. Trong nhc c in, Ballad l mt bn nhc n, ht c kch tnh k chuyn anh hng dn tc hoc s kin lch s. Band: (Anh) Ban nhc; Mt nhm cc nhc cng, nhc s, chi thnh nhm. Mt nhm trong dn nhc giao hng chi cng mt b nhc c (nh b g, b dy, hi..) Banjo: (Anh) L mt nhc c mt trn, bt da, thng c nm dy (khi gy bng ngn tay) hoc bn dy (khi dng mng gy) Bar: (Anh) nhp n v tit tu, khong cch t phch mnh n phch mnh tip theo. L mt vch theo chiu thng ng chia khung nhc thnh nhng nhp gi l Vch nhp, v ch ra phch mnh ri vo nt u tin sau vch nhp. Baritone: (Anh) Ging nam trung. Kn ging trung ca qun nhc. Bass: (Anh) 1. m thp nht ca mt Hp m, hay b thp nht trong bn nhc. 2. Ging nam thp nht.

Bass: (Anh)Tn gi mt nhc c in t c thn cng v c eo nh guitar in. L nhc c trm nht trong nhm tit tu ca nhc Pop, Jazz, Rock c ln dy theo th t t thp ln cao E, A, D,G. Bass clef: (Anh) Kho Fa dng k th t trn khung nhc

Bass drum:(Anh)Trng to nht v c cao thp nht. Tuy nhin, n khng to ra mt cao c th no. Basson:(Anh) Kn pha gt, kn trm thuc b kn g gn vi Oboe. B dur: (La tinh) Ging B trng. Beat:(Anh)Nhp p, phch. Bebop:(Anh)Mt trng phi Jazz ni ln M trong nhng nm 1940 c tnh cch nhanh v tit tu, phc tp v giai iu v cu trc ho thanh. Trng phi ny gn lin vi cc tn tui ln nh: Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Dexter Gorden v Sonny Stitt. Big band:(Anh) Mt dn nhc gm 10 nhc cng hay nhiu hn na. Block:(Anh) Khi chiu dc. Blues note:(Anh) Nt blues. 1. Mt cao gia m ba trng v m ba th hay gia m by trng v by th trong ging trng. 2. Bc ba th hay by th ca thang m. Blues:(Anh)1.Th loi Funky, n gin ca m nhc ngi da en c lp nhng cng tn ti vi nhc Jazz. Bt u t t nht l u th k 20, c th l sm hn; Cc nhc s nh Blind Le, Jefferson, Lead Belly, Lightnin' Hopkins, Muddy Water, T-Bone Walker v Robert Johnson. N v s cn nh hng n Jazz v Rock. Phn ln cc bn nhc Blues dng tin trnh ho thanh I - IV- I - V - I hay nhng bin th ca n. 2. Mt on nhc c c im ca mt hay kt hp cc yu t sau: a.Tin trnh hp m I - IV - I - V - I hay vi bin th ca n trong m hnh 12 nhp. b. Mt cm gic bun. c. Nhp tin trin chm. d. Cc qung by, qung nm hay qung ba c gim xung na cung trong thang m trng. Bob: (Anh) Vit tt ca Bebop B moll: (c) Ging B ging th Bolero: (Ty Ban Nha) 1. iu nhc ma dn gian Ty Ban Nha-nhp 3/4 hoc 3/8 c ht v m lc m. 2. Mt tc phm theo phong cch Bolero Bongos: (Anh)Trng ca Cuban i thnh cp, cm tay v v bng du ngn tay. Boogie woogie: (Anh) Trng phi Piano Jazz thi k tin hin i (1930)gn lin vi cc tn tui nh: Meade Lux Lewis v Albert Ammons. Tr ng phi ny c c im m hnh bass nhc i nhc li (Ostinato) v mi phch c chia thnh nhng mu "c git" (n chm di - kp) Boston:(Anh) iu Vanx chm thnh hnh M vo nhng nm 1910 v 1920. Bossa nova: (Anh)Nhc nhy ni ting ca Brazin c nh hng nhc Jazz ca M. Brace: 1.K hiu { ni hai hay nhiu khung nhc, ch ra rng cc phn trn cc khung nhc ny c chi ng thi. Brass band: (Anh) Dn nhc Kn nhng khc vi dn nhc qun nhc l khng c cc nhc c dng "dm" thi.

Brass Instruments:(Anh)Nhc c hi. (Trompet, Trombone, French Horn, Tuba,..) Break:(Anh) Mt phn ca on nhc m tt c cc thnh vin trong ban nhc dng chi tr mt ngi ngu hng mt cu solo. Tempo v tin trnh hp m vn c duy tr bi ngi solo v c ban nhc ngng li. Rt him khi Break ko di hn hai hay bn nhp. Bridge:(Anh) Phn B ca mt bn nhc c hnh thc A-A-B-A. Brio:(Anh)No nhit, cng trng. C C: (La tinh) Nt , ging Cadence: Kt. Cadenza: on thm vo cui bi ht. on tr k thut, k xo cui cc chng Cngxct do ngi biu din ng tc hoc do tc gi vit. Canon: Nhc ui, lun khc. Cantabile, Cantando: Ro rt, du dng. Cantate:Tc phm thanh nhc gm c hp xng, n ca, ht chen v ni li, sp xp nh kch. Capo: u, bt u. Da Capo c ngha l "t u". da c. al segno: t u cho n k hiu CODA Celesta: n g, gm nhiu phin kim loi xp nh phm Piano dng di g nh g. Cello: n cello l thnh vin th ba trong nhm VIOLON, chi theo v tr thng ng, pha d i nhc c tip gip vi sn nh, c gi thng bng vi u gi ca ngi chi, to ra ting ngt ngo gn vi ging ht. L tn gi tt ca VIOLONCELLO. Cha-cha: iu nhy M Latin theo tit tu i nhn i nhn li nhiu ln. Choir: Hp xng Chorus: 1. Ln; Vic chi mt ln qua mt cu trc m cu trc ny c dng t chc m nhc trong ngu hng. 2. Mt bn solo Jazz khng coi trng di. 3. ip khc, ng thanh; Phn ca mt bn nhc Pop c chi tempo khng i v nhc li nhiu ln sau khi on Verse (ch ) c chi, thng l on nguyn gc duy nht ca bn nhc c dng bi cc ngh s Jazz. Comp: m tit tu ngu hng; Cch chi hp m theo o phch m cung cp cho ta mt phn m ngu hng cho ngi solo mt cch ngay tc th, b xung linh hot tit tu v ho thanh p dng ca b solo. Composer: Nhc s. Con: Vi Concert: Bui ho nhc. Concerto: Mt tc phm m rng cho mt nhc c solo hay c dn nhc, thng th sonata. Conductor: Ch huy dn nhc. Consonance: Thun. Consonant chord: Hp m khng cha nhng qung nghch. Contrabass: n trm nht trong dn nhc thuc b dy. Cn gi l Double Bass. Cool: 1. Mt tnh t thng c p dng miu t cm gic du m hnh thnh bi m nhc ca Bix Beiderbecker, Lester young, Claude Thorn Hill, Gil Evans, Miles Davis nhng nm 1950. 2. i khi c dng biu th Jazz hin i sau thi k Bebop. Crescendo: To dn. Cymbals: Xanh ban.

D D: (La tinh) Nt r, ging r Da capo: ( ) Quay lI t u. Vit tt l D.C Da capo al fine: ( ) Quay lI t u cho n ch fine ( ht ) Diatonic: Nm trong, trong phm vi cc m ca thang m trng hay hay th. Ho thanh Diatonic l tin trnh ho thanh tng bc trong phm vi mt thang m. Qung Diatonic l qung c thnh lp bi hai m trong cng mt thang m. Dim: Gim Diminished seven chord: Hp m by gim. Disonance: Nghch; S kt hp ca hai hay nhiu m i hi phi c gii quyt. Dixieland style: (Anh) 1. Phong cch dn nhc Chicago ni bt trong nhng nm 1920. 2.T ng ngha i vi tt c cc dn nhc Combo Jazz trc thi k Swing Dominant, Dominante: ( Anh, Php ,c ) m t; m nm ca thang m trng hay th. Dominant chord: Hp m t. Dorian mode: Thang m bt u t nt D ti D c chi trn phm trng ca n Piano. Double Stop: Hai dy n bass vang ln cng mt lc. Double Bass: n trm nht trong dn nhc thuc b dy. Cn gi l Contrabass. Double - time: Cm gic m mt on hay mt ngi chi tempo nhanh gp I m tin trnh ho thanh vn tip din mc ban u. Dot: Du chm di. Drum: Trng; Mt nhc c b g trong dn nhc Jazz, Pop, Rock. Duet, Duett, Duetto, Duo: ( Anh, c, , Php.) Bn nhc hai b do hai ngi biu din. Dur: ( La tinh ) Trng E E: ( La tinh ) Nt Mi, ging Mi Echo: ( Anh, c, Php ) Ting vang, nhc lI cu nhc kh hn Eight notes: Nt mc n. Electric Guitar: n Guitar in t. Ensemble: ( Anh, Php ) Ho tu, n chung. Episode: ( Php ) on chen. Es: ( La tinh ) K hiu bng ch La tinh ca du ging. Etude: ( Php ) Khc luyn k nng F F: ( La tinh ) Nt Pha, ging Pha. Fagotto: () Kn phagt, thuc b kn g ( Php: Basson, Anh: Bassoon). Fender Bass: Guitar Bass in t c dng chI b bass (b trm nht) thay v chi hp m; Ph bin trong nhc Jazz nhm tit tu sau nm 1970. Figur, Figure: ( c, Anh ) Hnh tng giai Iu, tit tu hoc ho thanh c ngha hon chnh, r rng. Fin, Fine: ( Php, ) Ht. Finger board: Cn n. Fingering: Th bm; Phng php p dng ngn tay vo bn phm, dy, l bm... ca nhc c.

Flat: ( Anh ) Du ging ( Php: Bmol). Flauto: () So ( Anh, Php; Flute ). Folklore: ( Anh, Php ) Vn ho dn gian. Folk music: (Anh) Nhc dn gian. Function: (Anh) Chc nng, cng nng. Form: Hnh thc Forte: () Mnh ( vit tt: f ) Mezzoforte, mf: Mnh va. Piuforte, piu f : Mnh hn. Fortissimo, ff : rt mnh. Fortissisimo, fff: Cc mnh. Fortissimo quanto possibile : ht sc mnh. Forte piano: () n pian. Forzando, Forzando: () Nhn mnh thm ( vit tt: fz hoc sf ). Fill: Ngha chung: Bt c nhng thm tht ca ngi chi trng i vi m hnh c bn. ngha c th: m hnh tit tu c ngi chi trng chi : 1. Lp y mt khong lng. 2. H tr tit tu c chi bi cc nhc c khc. 3. Thng bo v im vo u hay kt thc ca ngi solo hay cc phn khc trong m nhc. 4. Kch thch ngi khc v to ra mt bui din th v hn. Fragment: Mt cm gm vi nt nhc theo mt m tp nht nh. Free Jazz: Th loi Jazz t do nhng nm 1960 v 1970. L loi m nhc cha cc on solo ngu hng m tin trnh ho thanh c t t do, i khi c tit nhp v cu trc hnh thc cng t do. Fuga, Fugato, Fugue: (La tinh, Anh, Php ) Mt th nhc, cu trc cht ch, gm nhiu b vit theo phong cch v th php i v, trn nguyn tc m phng. Funky: 1. Bn thu, nhp nha. 2. Bn xn, "xung cp", i bi hay sexy. 3. C tnh Blues 4. C hng v nh th. 5. Cha m ba, m nm v m by c gim xung. L phong cch m nhc nhng nm 1950 v 1960 quay tr li vi tnh n gin ca Blues, ngc li vi s phc tp v tinh vi ca BEBOP v COOL. Fusion: T ng ngha vi th loi Jazz-Rock. Fuzak: m nhc pha trn tnh cch gia th loi Jazz-rock Fusion v Muzak (nhc thng mi). N thin v cc nhc c in t, tit tu funk u n, kt cu nhn nhi, khng c nhng on gy ngc nhin. c ngi nghe thch dng nhc funk v fusion nh nhng hn dng vi t cch l nhc nn (background music) trong nhng nm 1980 v 90. Thng c p dng vi nhc ca Kenny G, Grover Washington, Earl Klugh, v Najee. Fuga, Fugato, Fugue: ( La tinh, Anh, Php ) Mt th nhc, cu trc cht ch, gm nhiu b vit theo phong cch v th php i v, trn nguyn tc m phng. G G: ( La tinh ) Nt Xon, ging Xon. Gamma, gamme, gamut: ( , Php, La tinh ) Gam, thang m trong qung tm. Ganztonleiter: ( c ) Thang su m cch qung u nhau ( ton cung ). G clef: Kho son G Dur: Ging son trng Glissando: () Vut, n lt ( t ny dng chung cho n dy v n c phm ). G moll: Ging son th. Gong: ( Php ) Cng.

Guitar, Gitarre, Guitare: (Anh, , Php ) n ghita, gc t phng ng, do ngi Rp a vo Ty Ban Nha, tr thnh nhc c dn gian ca nc ny. Lc u mc 4 dy, ri 5 dy i. Cui th k XVIII thay dy i thnh dy n v thm mt dy th su. H H: (La tinh) Nt Xi, ging Xi. Half notes: Nt trng Harf, Harp, Harpe: (c, Anh, Php ) n hcp mc nhiu dy, gy 10 ngn. Hard bop: Th loi nhc gn lin vi Horace Silver, Art Blakey, v Cannonball Adderely. C lin quan trc tip n Bop nhng nm 1950. So vi Bop, Hard bop n gin hn v ho thanh v solo, cc m hnh trng phong ph v linh hot hn. Mu sc m thanh ti, nng v g gh hn. Piano m vi m hnh tit tu phong ph v cch sp xp hp m da dng hn. Harmonie, Harmonique: ( Anh, Php ) Bi m. Harmony, Harmonie: (Anh, Php) Ho m, ho thanh. Harmonica: ( Php ) Kn cmnica. Hautbois: ( Php ) Kn boa, kn g dm kp pht trin Php v khp chu u, T th k XVI-XVII tr thnh mt nhc c khng th thiu trong dn nhc giao hng. Head: Giai iu hay ch vit trc cho mt on nhc High-hat: L mt nhc c trong b trng gm hai xanh ban chm nhau c, iu khin bng bn p chn. Hip hop: Mt s pht trin t nhc RAP, Hip hop c tit tu v giai iu phc tp hn, kt hp cc phn ht v ni, vi phn nn m tp m thanh hay nhc c SAMPLE. Homophonie, Homophony: ( c, Php, Anh ) Nhc ch Iu. Horn: T dng cho bt c nhc c hi no. I Improvisation: (Anh) Ngu hng, ng din , ng tc. Inganno: ( ) Kt h, kt gi. Instrumant: ( Php ) Nhc c, cng c. Instrumantation: ( Anh, c , Php ) Phi kh. In tempo: ( ) Tr lI tc u- vo nhp. Interval, Intervalle: ( Anh, Php ) Qung m thanh. Introduction: ( Anh, Php ) Khc do u. Invention: ( Anh, c, Php ) Bn nhc ngn vit cho Piano. Inversion: o. Ionian Mode: Thang m nh th ging vi thang m trng Is: ( La tinh ) K hiu bng ch La tinh ca du thng. Istesso tempo: ( ) Cng tc . J Jam section: L mt nhm t tp cc ngh s, ni m ngu hng c nhn mnh v nhc son trc rt t. (Jam cng c ngha l ngu hng); Ni n bui biu din t chc cng phu chnh thc hay khng chnh thc, chung hay ring, v li nhun hay ch v mc ch vui chi. Jazz: Mt thut ng bao hm rng ln v a dng cc phong cch Chu M - Chu Phi: RACTIME, BLUES, DIXELAND, SWING, BEBOP, COOL, THIRD STREAM, FREE JAZZ, FUNKY, JAZZ ROCK, v nhiu th loi khc khng th phn loi c. Hu ht u c tnh ngu hng v cm gic "swing" khng thay i, tit nhp nt bt v tit tu o phch. Jazz Rock: Mt th loi Jazz cui nhng nm 1960 v 1970, ng dng cc nhc c in t v nhp nng ca Rock, phn m tit tu Funk v ngu hng Jazz; Cng c gi l nhc Fusion. K

Kadenz: ( c ) Kt. Kettle drum: ( Anh ) Trng nh m. Key: Ging iu, iu tnh. Mt dy m to thnh bt c thang m trng hay th no, c quan h ho thanh, c cc quan h gia m ch vi cc m khc. Keyboard: 1. Bn phm ca cc nhc c phm nh ORGAN, PIANO... 2. n phm in t. Key note: Nt u tin ca mt ging iu hay thang m. Key signature: Ho biu; Nhng du thng hay ging u khung nhc. Konser vatorium: ( c ) Nhc vin. Konzert: ( c ) Bui ho nhc- Bn cng-xc-t. Konzertmeister: ( c ) Trng n, thng l ngi chI Violon ngi hng u, c nhim v c tu. L Lamentabile, Lamentoso: ( ) Than vn, rn r. Languendo, Languente: ( ) U oI, o l. Largement: ( Php ) Rng ri. Laghetto: () HI chm gn nh Largo. Larghissimo () Rt chm, rng ri. Largo: ( ) Chm rI, phng khong ( chm hn Adagio Largo di molto: tht chm. Largo ma non troppo: ng chm qu. Lead: B chnh ca mt ch . Leading tone, leading note: m dn; m bc by ca ging trng v thang m th ho thanh Legatissimo: ( ) ht sc luyn. Legato: () luyn ting, mm mI,m i. Leggiadramente, Leggiadro: () Nh, lng lnh, duyn dng, thanh tao. Leggiermente: () Nh nhng, thoI mi. Leggiero: () Nh. Lent, Lento: ( Php, ) Chm. Lick: Mt cu hay cm giai iu. Ging vi m tp. Lie: ( Php ) Luyn ni. Lithophone: ( c, Php ) n , khnh . Loco, Alloco: () n nh ghi trn bn nhc ( khng ln qung 8 na ) Lustig: ( c ) Vui nhn. Luth: ( Anh, Php ) n luyt dy gy c xa gc t phng ng vo chu Au t th k XVII, bu n trn khng c thnh, mc nhiu dy ( c n 20 dy). Lyrics: Phn li ca mt bn nhc. M Macabre: ( Php ) Bun thm , tang tc. Maggiore: () Trng-Th trng ( Anh:Major, Php: Majeur). Malinconico: () Su mun. Mambo: Mt iu nhy trong phng ca min Ty n nguyn gc ging vi CHA-CHA v RUMBA Mandoline: ( Php ) n mng luyn, nhc c dy gy. Marcato: () Nhn mnh. March, Marche, Marcia, Marsch: ( Anh, Php , , c ) Hnh khc, nhp i. Melodie, Melody: ( Php, Anh ) Giai Iu. Metronome: ( Anh ) My g nhp, pht minh t nm 1816 dng n nh chnh xc cc tc din tu. Mieur,Minor, Minore: ( Anh, Php, ) Th, th th.

Modal: m nhc m ho thanh v giai iu da trn s sp xp ca cc Modes. Trong nhc Jazz, thut ng ny cn c ngha l m nhc da trn s nhc li ca mt hay hai hp m hoc l m nhc da trn cc mode thay v tin trnh ho thanh Mode: 1. Mt thut ng chung p dng vi tin trnh giai iu Hy lp c v thang m nh th thit lp vo thi k Trung c v c son trong h thng thnh ca bi ai (Gregorian chant) Cc qung ca nhng mode Hy lp c c tnh t trn xung v cc qung ca nhng mode Trung c c tnh t di ln. Do vy ni dung cc qung ca h thng Hy lp v h thng nh th khc nhau. Tuy nhin cc mode nh th vn cn gi li tn gi Hy lp. Nu ta chi trn phm trng ca n Piano t nt D ti D ta c Dorian; t E ti E ta c Phrygian; t F ti F ta c Lydian; t G ti G ta c Mixolydian; t A ti A ta c Aeolian; t B ti B ta c Locrian; Cc modes vn tip tc lm nn tng cho m nhc phng Ty qua th k 17 v ri dn dn chi ra con ng ti ging trng v ging th thng dng. 2. S khc nhau gia ging trng v ging th (iu thc) 3. Mt h thng k hiu tit tu c dng th k 13. Moderato: () Va phi, chng mc. Modulation: ( Anh, Php ) Chuyn ging. Moll: ( La tinh ) Th. Monophonie, Monophony: ( Php, Anh ) Nhc mt b, khng m hoc ch m n gin. Motif, Motiv: ( Php , c ) Nt giai Iu ch . Motion, Mouvement: ( Anh, Php ) S tin trin ca giai Iu. Moto: () Chuyn ng. Moto perpetuo () Chuyn ng khng ngng. Bn nhc c mt nt chy duy tr mi. Motto: ( Anh ) Cu nhc ngn dng lm ch . Movimento: () Tc . Musique: ( Php ) m nhc. M. atonale: Nhc v Iu tnh. M. de chambre: Nhc nghe trong phng. M. de chant: Nhc ht. M. chiffree: Nhc s. M. de cinma: Nhc phim. M. concrte: Nhc c th. M. de danse: Nhc khiu v. M. descriptive: Nhc miu t. M. dglise: Nhc nh th. M. instrumentale: Nhc n. M. lgere: Nhc nh. M. de programme: Nhc tiu . M. religeiuse: Nhc tn gio. M. de scne: Nhc sn khu. M. tonale: Nhc Iu tnh. Muzak: Tn thng mi i vi cc cng ty M c c giy php sn xut, phn phi, v giao thng m nhc nn (background) cho tiu th cng cng. m nhc thng mi N Natural: ( Anh ) Du hon, du bnh. Natural minor scale: Thang m th t nhin Nocturne: ( Php ) Khc nhc ban m.

Note: ( Anh, Php )Nt nhc, m. Note sensible: ( Php ) m dn. Nuance: ( Php ) Sc thi. O Oboe: ( Anh, c, ) Kn -boa. Octave: ( Anh ) Qung tm. 1. Mt dy tm m Diatonic lin tip. 2. Qung gia m th nht v m th tm ca dy m ny. Open Harmony: Ho thanh xp rng; Mt bn phi b trong ho thanh bn b, m ba b trn c tng cng tm c qu mt qung tm. Opera: Nhc kch Opus: Vic lm, cng vic; Vit tt: Op hay op Opus number: Mt con s theo th t cng vic m ngi nhc s nh du cc tc phm ca mnh Organ: Organ nh th hay organ ng l mt nhc c phm v hi bao gm t hay nhiu ng c chi t mt hay nhiu bn phm; c th c nm bn phm dng cho tay v mt bn phm dng chn iu khin. Orchestra: Dn nhc; Mt nhm nhc cng biu din cc nhc c cng vi nhau thng l trong nhc kch, Oratorio, hay giao hng. Ostinato: B tr tc, nhc i nhc li nhiu ln. Overtone: ( Anh ) m bi ( Php : Harmoni-que ) P Panpipe: ( Anh ) So nai, nhc kh c xa ca chu u. Part: B; Mt dy m c vit v thc hin bng mt ging ht hay nhc c, hoc l solo hoc l chi cng nhau Passing note, Passing tone: m lt; m khng thuc hp m lt t bc ny n bc khc. Chng thng phch nh. Pedal: ( Anh ) Bn p n piano thay i sc thI ting n Forte pedal : Bn p chn phI, cho ting n ngn vang. Piano pedal : Bn p chn trI lm nh ting n. Pentatonic: Thang m nm bc. Percussion: Nhc c b g nh: Drums, Tamborine, Cymbals, Bells, Triangle.. Phrase: Mt na ca mt chu k tm nhp; Cu. Phrygian mode: Thang m nh th ph hp vi thang m t nt E n E trn phm trng ca n Piano. Pianino: () n piano nho, kiu ng. Pianissimo: () Rt kh. ( vit tt pp). Piano: () Kh ( vit tt p ). Piano assai: () Ht sc kh. Piano a queue ( Php ) n piano nm. Piatti: () Thanh la ( Anh : Cymbal ). Piccolo () So nhn cao hn so thng mt qung tm. Pitch: Cao . Pivot chord: Hp m trung gian Pizzicando, Pizzicato: () Bng dy n. Polyphonie, Polypohny: ( c, Php, Anh ) Phc iu, a m, a thanh. Polytonality: Pha trn nhiu ging iu.

Pop(ular) Music: Mt thut ng chung biu th cc phong cch m nhc a dng v rng ln, c c im d chp nhn vi s ng khn gi, giai iu v ho thanh d nh, li ca n gin. Portamento:()Ting vut ln khng thnh bc trn dy n v kn.Ht vut ln ging cao. Prelude: Khc do u cho mt tc phm m nhc hay mt v kch Prestissimo: () Rt, Rt nhanh, cc nhanh. Presto: () Rt nhanh. Presto assai: () Ht sc nhanh. Progression: Tin trnh Pulse: Nhn, p.

Q Quadro, Quattro: () Ho tu hoc hp xng bn b, th k XVIII. Quarter notes: Nt en. Quartet, Quartett: ( Anh, c ) Bn nhc cho bn n hoc bn ging ht. Quintet: ( Anh ) Ho tu nm n, ht nm b.

R Ragtime: ( Anh ) Nhc dn gian Bc M l tin thn ca nhc Jazz. Rallentamento: () Chm lI, nh dn. ( vit tt : Rall ). Refrain: ( Php ) Ip khc. Rhythm: ( Anh ) Tit tu. Rhythm section: Mt nhm nhc cng m chc nng trong dn nhc ch yu l m. Vai tr ny thng thng l ngi chi Piano, Bass, v ngi chi Drums nh ng chc nng ny khng phi l c nht. Rinforzando, Rinforzato: ( ) Mnh t ngt, dt ngay, dng cho c mt cu nhc. ( vit tt : rfz, rf, rin ). Riff: 1. Cu nhc. 2. Cm hay mng giai iu. 3. Ch . Rim shot: Di trng nh vo vin st ca trng Snare cng lc vi mt trng Snare . Ritardando: ( ) Ngp ngng, chm dn lI ( vit tt : ritard, rit ). Ritenuto: () Km tc ( vit tt : Rit, riten ). Rubato: () Tc t do. S Saxophon, Saxophone: ( Anh, c, Php )Kn do Adol-phe Sax pht minh (1846). Scale: ( Anh ) Thang m. Schlag instrumente: ( c ) Cc nhc c g. Score: ( Anh ) Tng ph. Sensible: ( Php ) m cm, m dn. Sforzando, Sforzato: ( ) Nhn r, lm ni thm ( vit tt: sf, sfz ). Sideman: Tn gi cho mi nhc cng trong dn nhc tr ngi trng ban nhc. Sixteen note: Nt mc kp. Solo: (Anh) c tu. Son: ( Php ) m thanh. Song: ( Anh ) BI ht.

Sound: ( Anh ) m thanh. Sous dominante: ( Php ) H t, m th t trong gam, ( Di m t ). Sous mdiante: ( Php ) m th hai trong gam,. Staccato: () n, ht ngt ting, ny ting, ngn ting. Vit tt Stace hoc dng k hiu l du chm trn nt nhc. Style: Phong cch. Stime: ( c ) Ging, b. Stimmgabel: ( c ) Thanh mu, m thoa ( Php : Dia-pason ). Strings: ( Anh ) Gi chung cc n dy. Subject, Subjekt, Sujet: ( Anh, c, Php ) Ch . Swing: Phong cch chi Jazz tinh t ni ting nhng nm 1930 vi cc tn tui nh : Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford, Benny Goodman, Art Tatum, Roy Eldridge, Coleman Hawkins. Symphonie, Symphony: ( Php, Anh ) Giao hng. Syncopation, Syncope: ( Anh, Php ) Nhn lch, o nhp, o phch. Synthesizer: Nhc c tng hp; Thit b in t c th to ra hoc bin i bt c m thanh no qua cc nhc c in t tng hp. Nhng ngi tin phong l Moog v Buchla gii thiu vo nm 1960. Thit b Synthesizer u tin ch l MONOPHONIC (Ngha l ch c th chi cng mt lc mt nt) sau ny cc nhc c hin i hn l POLYPHONIC (C kh nng chi nhiu nt cng mt lc). Cc nhc c tng hp hin i thng c gn lin vi m thanh cng nh mt vi phng tin ghi v thu cc m thanh mi (chng hn nh kh nng SEQUENCING v SAMPLING) T Tabor: ( Anh ) Trng con nh bng mt di. Tacet: Ngha Latin l "yn lng". Tambour: ( Php ) Trng. Tango: ( Anh, Php ) Iu khiu v phng ty, gc Phi, pha ln cht ma Ty Ban Nha. Tema: Ch . Tempo: ( ) Nhp , tc . Temps: ( Php ) Phch. Tenor ( , Php ) Ging nam cao, nhc c c cao. Tetrachord: ( Php ), Tettracorde ( Anh, c Php ) Chui bn m trong qung bn ng. Theme: Ch . Third: Qung ba. Third Stream: Mt thut ng c gii thiu trong nhng nm 1950 biu th phong cch m nhc kt hp ngu hng Jazz vi nhc c v hnh thc tc phm ca nhc c in. Thirty-second note: Nt mc tam, c gi tr bng mt na nt mc kp. Tie: Du ni - l du ni hai nt c cng cao sao cho vang ln c Trng bng hai nt ban u. Timpani ( )Trng nh m. Ton: ( Php ) Cung, ging iu ( Anh: Tone ) Tonal: ( Php ) Thuc ging iu. Tonanlitat, Tonanlit, tonality: ( Anh, Php, c ) iu tnh, ging iu. Tonic, Tonika, Tonique: ( Anh, c, Php ) m ch . Transpose, Transposer: ( Anh, Php ) Dch ging, chi hoc chp nhc sang ging iu khc, nhng gi nguyn giai Iu. Tremolo: ( ) V ( ting n ). Trio: () Ht ba b, ho tu ba n. Triplet: Chm ba. Triton, Tritone: ( Php, Anh ) Qung ba cung. Tng t qung bn tng hay nm gim. Tune: Giai iu. Ln dy n. Turnaround: Mt tin trnh ngn trong mt tin trnh ho thanh xy ra ng vo im cui m ngi chi phi quay li bt u nhc li mt tin trnh di hn.

Tutti: () Ho tu c dn nhc, ton tu.

U Unison: ( Php ) ng m. Upbeat: 1. Nhng ln tay nhc ln trong khi p nhp. 2. Phn khng c nhn mnh trong mt nhp. Upright Bass: Contrabass, Double bass. Upright Piano: n Piano ng, vi dy n c mc theo chiu dc, khc vi Grand Piano c mc dy theo chiu ngang. V Valse: ( Php ) iu vanx , nhp 3/4. Vamp: Mt tin trnh hp m ngn (thng ch l mt, hai, hay bn hp m) nhc i nhc li nhiu ln. Thng dng cho m u v kt thc. Nhc Jazz v Pop nhng nm 1960 v 70 dng Vamp thay cho tin trnh hp m tng ng nh l phn m cho giai iu hay ngu hng. Variante: ( Php ) Bin th. Variantklang, Varianttonanrt: ( c ) Iu tnh bin th. Variation: ( Anh, c, Php ) Bin tu. Verse: Trong nhc ht thnh ca thing ling l mt phn cho giong ht solo. Vibrato: ( Php ) Rung ngn n, rung ging ht, rung hI thi . Viola:() n Vila, hI to hn n Vilng, bn dy thp hn mt qung 5 ( , xon, r, la) cn c gi l Alto. Violin, Violine, Violon: ( Anh, c , Php ) n Vilng, gc t n Vin chu u, na u th k XVII c ba nh lm n ni ting Amati, Guarnerius v Stradivari cI tin trong gn hai th k n hon thnh. Violoncelle, Violoncello: ( Php, ) n Xenl thuc h Vilng, to v trm hn, bn dy thp hn n Ant mt qung tm. Vivace: ( Php, ) Hot bt, sI ni, nhanh. Vivacissimo: () Rt sI ni. Vivo: () Si ni. Voice: Ging, b. Voice Leading: Tin hnh b, ni tip b. Voicing: Xp sp b. 1. Cch thc t chc, tng m, b m, hay thm m ca mt hp m. 2. Phn b, nt cho mi nhc c. Volume: ( Php ) Quyn - m lng.

W Walking: Mt phong cch chi bass m mi phch ca mt nhp nhn c mt nt ring r, do vy to ra mt vng chuyn ng ca cc nt en trong tm c ca cy Bass. Whole notes: Nt trn. Whole step: Nguyn cung, mt cung Whole tone: Qung hai trng. Mt cung. Whole tone scale: ( Anh ) Thang m su cung trong qung tm. Thang m ton cung. Windband: ( Anh ) i kn.

Woodwinds: ( Anh ) Kn q. X Xylophone: ( Anh, c, Php ) Nhc c g gm nhiu phin g xp nm song song. Y Yodel: ( Anh ) Li ht dn gian vng Tyrol.

Z Zoppa, alla: ( ) Kiu tit tu nhn vo nt mc th hai ca nhp 2/4.