Bnh ho xanh vi khun

Bnh do vi khun Pseudomonas solanacearum, c pht hin u tin trn h c M vo nm 1896. Cho n nay bnh ph bin rt rng hu ht cc nc chu , Phi, M, c. Bnh bt u xut hin Chu u gy hi nghim trng ch yu cc nc vng nhit i, cn nhit i c kh hu nng, m. Bnh gy thit hi kinh t ln, gim nng sut t 5-100% ty theo loi cy, ging cy, vng a l, v nhiu yu t khc. M t cy c chua L cy thn tho hng nm hoc thn tho lu nin thuc h C. C chua l loi rau n qu c gi tr dinh dng cao, c s dng rng ri trn th gii trn 150 nm nay. Su bnh hi c chua Su bnh hi c chua ch yu l: b phn trng, su xanh c qu, su v ba, bnh mc sng, bnh ho xanh vi khun, bnh xon l M t triu chng, du hiu bnh ho xanh

Bnh xut hin trn cy con, cy ln ra hoa cho n thu hoch. Ton cy ho r xanh, trn thn v vn cn xanh. Mch dn bin mu nu, bn trong cha y dich vi khun mu trng bn. C th kim tra nhanh bng cch: ct thn cy nhng vo cc nc, sau vi pht c th nhn thy dch vi khun tit ra t vt ct. Khi cy ho, nh ln thy r b thm en, thi hng. i vi khoai ty, c cng nhim bnh ngoi ng cho ti kho bo qun. Ct i c bnh thy cc vng mch dn nu en c git dch vi khun mu trng c tit ra trn b mt lt ct b mch. y l loi bnh thuc kiu hi b mch xylem, tc mch

dn gy hin tng cht ho cy, d nhm ln vi cc bnh ho do nm hoc cc nguyn nhn khc gy ra song vn c th phn bit c. Nguyn nhn gy bnh

Vi khun gy bnh l loi vi khun t k sinh thc vt thuc h Pseudomonadacea, thuc b Pseudomonadales. Vi khun hnh gy 0,5 1,5 m, ho kh, chuyn ng c lng roi (1 - 3) u. Nhum gram m. Trn mi trng Kelman (1954) khun lc mu trng kem nhn bng, nhn (vi khun c tnh c gy bnh). Nu khun lc chuyn sang mu nu, rn reo l isolate vi khun mt tnh c. pht hin dng vi khun c tnh c thng dng mi trng chn lc TZC. Trn mi trng ny isolate vi khun c tnh c s c khun lc gia mu hng, ra trng. Vi khun pht trin thch hp pH 7-7,2. Nhit thch hp 25-30oC. Nhit gy cht 52oC. y l vi khun a thc: hi trn 200 loi cy trng. c im pht sinh, pht trin ca bnh Vi khun xm nhim qua cc vt thng c gii, l h t nhin. Sau khi xm nhp vo r, vi khun gy hi b mch dn xylem. Bnh truyn lan trn ng rung nh nc ti, nc ma, gi bi, t bm dnh cc dng c dng vun xi. Nhit thch hp cho bnh pht trin l >= 300C. Ti nhiu, ti ngp rnh to iu kin cho bnh lan truyn. t kh i hoc ngm nc di ngy, bn phn m hu c, phn hoai mc vi lng cao u c kh nng lm gim bnh. Bnh nng trong v c chua sm v trong v Xun h cc tnh pha Bc. Ngun bnh l vi khun trong t, tn d cy bnh v c ging.

Hu ht cc ging c chua trng trong sn xut ca nc ta u nhim. Cc bin php phng tr tng hp Phng chng bnh ho xanh vi khun hin nay cn rt kh khn phc tp, l vn tn ti chung trn th gii. Kh nng tt nht l phi p dng cc bin php phng tr tng hp, ch ng sm. Bin php ging To ging khng bnh. Trng cy ghp (c chua/ gc c tm). Dng cy ging, c ging khe sch bnh: ly ging cc vng, rung khng nhim bnh. Bin php canh tc Tiu hy tn d cy bnh. Ngm nc rung trong 15-30 ngy, hoc cy phi i hn ch ngun bnh. Lun canh vi cy la nc hoc cc loi cy khng phi l k ch nh ng, ma, bng. Khng nn trng c chua 2 v lin tip trn mt chn t. Tng cng bn phn hu c, phn hoai mc v bn vi. Bin php c gii vt l Nh b cy b bnh gom li em i t. Trnh vic tip xc gia cy bnh v cy khe, lu khi ti nc, ta cnh, thu hi qu. Bin php sinh hc S dng ch phm vi sinh vt i khng, to iu kin cho t ti xp, nhiu cht hu c tng s lng v hot tnh i khng ca cc vi sinh vt i khng trong t nh Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymyxa

Bin php ha hc Bnh do vi khun gy ra dng thuc ha hc hiu qu khng cao. Cn pht hin sm dng cc loi thuc c hot cht di y c th hn ch c bnh. Khi dng thuc ho hc phi tun theo nguyn tc 4 ng. Cc hot cht v thuc thng phm tng ng c th tm thy trong Danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng ti Vit nam. Trc khi s dng xem k hng dn trn nhn thuc. Ph lc Tm tt tnh nng tc dng, cch s dng mt s loi thuc tr bnh ho xanh vi khun hi c chua ph bin Hot cht Bacillus subtilis - Nhm c IV (WHO) - Thuc tr nm v vi khun ni hp c tc dng bo v v dit tr - Lng dng: dng 750 g ai/ha, pha trong 400 lt nc/ha - Phun vo bui sng v chiu mt - Phun thuc ln u khi cy ra qu. Sau cch 7 ngy phun 1 ln, phun lin tc 4 ln lin - Ngng phun thuc trc khi thu hoch 4 gi Hot cht Kasugamycin - Nhm Khng sinh tr nm, thuc tr vi khun - Nhm c IV (WHO) - Thuc tr nm v vi khun ni hp c tc dng bo v v dit tr. Thuc xm nhp nhanh chng vo cy v gy ra nhng tc ng khc nhau tu loi cy. - Thuc l sn phm ln men ca Steptomyces kasugaensis, c tc dng c ch sinh tng hp protein trong vi sinh vt gy bnh bng cch ngn cn s kt ni Met-RNA vi phc mRNA-30S, ngn to thnh amino axit.

- Lng dng: dng 20 n 30g ai/ha, pha trong400 - 500 lt nc/ha - Phun vo bui sng v chiu mt trnh ma lm ra tri thuc - Phun thuc khi bnh xut hin - Ngng phun thuc trc khi thu hoch 7 ngy Hot cht Ningnanmycin - Nhm Khng sinh tr nm, thuc tr vi khun - Lng dng: dng 40 n 50 g ai/ha, pha trong 400 lt nc/ha - Phun vo bui sng v chiu mt - Phun thuc khi bnh mi xut hin - Sau 7-10 ngy, phun ln 2 nu bnh cn pht trin - Ngng phun thuc trc khi thu hoch 3 ngy Bin son Nguyn Th Ph, i hc Nng nghip H Ni, Khoa Nng hc, B mn bo v thc vt, sinh vin kha 54A