Earthquakes and their effects on

Concrete structures

::


)(Soft Floors

 22 / 2003

2000
. 6.7
-
. -





Soft Floor

!


Shear Walls OR Frames



8-5



()Over lapping


( )8-5
:

 - 1 ( )
Soft Floor
- 2 Drop Beam
Hidden Beam
Marginal beam
- 3
300/2

 - 4 3 +

 - 5
70
7
(
)

 - 6
. 10 100
- 7 ))Over lapping
. 60



( )
.

)(open-ground story buildings

)(open-ground story buildings





() ..




..



,

..

 ( - )

Strong Beam -Weak Colums

Failure

(
)

 ( )
.


slab with drop beam

Flat Slab
Flat Slab



Frame System

Gravity Center
Torsion Action