Vaccine Mandates

Aremandatesnega velyimpac ngtheimmuniza oneort,isthereabe erway?

Table of Contents

History&NatureofVaccineMandates..3 ScopeofVaccineMandates.5 Ramica onsofVaccineMandates...7 Solu on1:Elimina ngControls.....9 Solu on2:BalancedAccess....11 Solu on3:IncreasingCoverage.14 Addi onalResources.16 Bibliography...18

The Beginning of Vaccinations

Historically,thepreserva onofthe publichealthhasbeentheresponsibilityofstateandlocalgovernments,and theauthoritytoenactlawsrelevantto theprotec onofthepublichealthderivesfromthestatesgeneralpolice powers.Withrespecttothepreservaonofthepublichealthincasesof communicablediseaseoutbreaks, thesepowersmayincludetheins tuonofquaran neortheenactmentof mandatoryvaccina onlaws.Mandatoryvaccina onlawswererstenacted intheearlynineteenthcentury;with Massachuse senac ngtherstsuch lawin1809. Englandhadbeenmoreaggressivein manda ngvaccina on:theCompulsoryVaccina onActof1853required infantsborninEnglandandWalesto bevaccinatedforsmallpox,thoughit allowedanexemp onforthoseunt forvaccina on. An1871expansionofthelaw ghtenedenforcementoftherequirement. However,objec onstocompulsory vaccina onledtoanac ve,organized an -vaccina onmovement.
Source:evidencebasedliving.human.cornell.edu

TheBri shVaccina onActof1898 providedaconscienceclausetoallow Thedevelopmentandgrowinguseof exemp onstomandatorysmallpox vaccina on.Thisclausegaverisetothe smallpoxvaccineintheearly1800s triggeredtheestablishmentofvaccina- termconscien ousobjector,which onmandates,especiallyforchildren. latercametorefertothoseopposedto Assmallpoxbecamelessofaconcern militaryservice.Bytheendof1898, overtheyears,themandatesbeganto magistrateshadissuedmorethan loosenwhenitcametothevaccina200,000vaccina on ons.The exemp ons. government atthis me thoughdid createnew agenciesto helpwith thetes ng ofnewvaccines.

School Vaccina on

TodayintheUnited States,allstates requirethatchildrenbevaccinated forcertaindiseases In1855, beforeschoolentry Massachu(therequiredimse sbemuniza onsvaryby camethe state).EarlystatrstU.S. utesrequiredvacstateto Source:blog.acpinternist.org cina onagainst requirevaccina on smallpox and were amendedasnew forschoolchildren.Atthat me,only smallpoxvaccinewasavailable.Other vaccineswereintroduced.Manymodstatesandlocali esbegantopasssimi- ernschoolvaccina onlawsarethe larregula ons,thoughtheruleswere resultofmeaslesoutbreaksince o enonlyspo lyenforced. the1960'sand1970's.Generally,states

 usetheCentersforDiseaseControl andPreven onsscheduleofimmuniza onsasaguide,andrequire childrentobevaccinatedagainsta numberofdiseasesontheschedule, includingdiphtheria,measles,rubella,andpolio.Avarietyofexemp onsareallowed,dependingonstateandlocal regula ons.Mississippiand WestVirginiaaretheonly statestooeronlymedical exemp onstovaccina on.In otherstates,medical,religious,ando enphilosophical/ personalbeliefexemp onsare available. showedthatchildrenwithnonmedicalvaccina onexemp onswere35 mesmorelikelytocontractmeaslesthanvaccinatedchildren.Anotherstudyshowedasimilarriskwith pertussis(whoopingcough).And

Professional View
Lyne erAnderson,whoisanRNat LegacyHospitalgivesvaccinesshots almostdaily.EventhoughLyne eis notformandatedvaccinesshefeels thattheyareabenetanddomore goodthanharm.Howevershethinks thatitshouldbetheperson'schoice todecidewhetherornottheywant toputitintheirbody. Shemakesthepointthatmore peoplearenowques oningvaccines. Shesaid,"Maybesomedaytheywill saythatweshouldhavenever vaccinated.However,polioand smallpoxaregoneandchickenpoxis justnowmakingacomebackona smallscale.Inmylife methesehave goneawaybecauseofvaccines."

Poten alRisksForNot Vaccina ng

Overall,vaccina onratesin theUnitedStatesremainhigh, butmanyexpertsarewonderingwhattheeectwillbeon publichealthofincreasing numbersofchildrenbeing exemptfromvaccina on. Somepointtotheincreasing measlesincidencethat emergedinEnglanda era study(publishedin1998butsince withdrawn)proposedanassocia on betweentheMMRvaccina onand au sm.Vaccina onratesinEngland droppedinresponse,frommore than90%to80% andlower.Measles cases,meanwhile,beganto rise.Whileonly56 caseswereconrmedinWales andEnglandin 1998,1,348were conrmedby2008. OneU.S.study

Source:behance.net

severalmeaslesepidemicshave beentracedtoreligiouscommuniesthatdonotcommonlyprac ce vaccina on.InPhiladelphiain199091,ninechildrendiedfrommeasles centeredinareligiouscommunity thatshunnedvaccina on.

Source:catalyst.phrma.org


Reported deathsper yearbefore anda er introducing vaccina ons formeasles, scarletfever, Typhoid, Whooping Cough,and Diphtheria diseases.

Source:dogsnaturallymagazine.com

Scope of Vaccine Mandates

oftherstbirthday,month,dayand yeararerequiredaccordingtothe StateofCaliforniaDepartmentof CurrentlyintheUnitedStatesthere HealthServices.Thisrecordhasto arevaccinemandatesforchildren showthatallvaccineshavebeenup whoa endpublicschools.Inorder todateforallchildrenwhoareunder forchildrentoa endpublicschools theageof18.Vaccina onsthatare theyneedtopresentanimmunizarequiredincludePolio,Diphtheria, onrecord.Animmuniza onrecord Tetanus,Pertussis,Measles,Mumps, isa,wri enimmuniza onrecord, Rubella,Hepa sB,andVaricella. eitherapersonalrecordwithentries Whilethesemayvarybetweenstates, madebyaphysicianorclinic,ora currentlyall y50statesrequire schoolimmuniza onrecord-theblue vaccinesforthosewhoa endpublic CaliforniaSchoolImmuniza onRecschool. ordfromaformerschooloranother AccordingtotheNa onalNetwork state'sschoolrecord.Itmustinclude forImmuniza onInforma on(NNII), atleastthemonthandyeareach IntheUnitedStates,thefederalgovdosewasreceived;formeasles,ruernmentplaysavarietyofrolesin bellaand/ormumpsvaccineandfor immuniza onprograms.Although varicellavaccinegiveninthemonth

Professional View
Whenaskedifparentsshouldbe concernedaboutge ngvaccinesfor theirchildren,Jus nHeyrend,an anesthesiologistinOntario,Oregon said,Thisisanunderstandable worryforaparent.Butthereisalot ofreassuringevidencethatmul ple vaccina onsatthesame medonot overloadahealthybaby'simmune system.Vaccinesrou nelyrecommendedforchildrenuseonlyasmall por onoftheimmunesystem's memory.

SchoolVaccina on Requirements

 vaccinesaremadeby privatecompanies andimmuniza on policiesaresetindividuallybyevery state,variousagenciesoftheDepartmentofHealthand HumanServices (HHS)haverolesin regula ngvaccine produc on,purchasingvaccinesandmakingthemavailableto states.Thefederal governmentwillgive recommenda onsto eachstateregarding theirimmuniza onpolicies. Thefederalgovernmentalsomakes surethatthevaccinesaremade availabletothestates. giousexemp ons.Ifanindividual decidestoleaphilosophicalexemp onitappliestoallvaccinesand notapar cularoneaccordingto moststates. Religiousexemp onscanbeledin allstatesexceptCalifornia,Mississippi,andWestVirginia,accordingto theNa onalVaccineInforma on Center.Thisexemp onvarieswidely betweenstates.Somestatesbelieve thatareligiousexemp oncanapply toanyonewhoholdsasincerebelief againstvaccina ons,thatifthestate weretoforcethemtobevaccinated itwouldinfringeupontheirreligious freedomrights.Otherstatesbelieve thatareligiousexemp onapplies onlytothosewhoareapartofThe FirstChurchofChrist,Scien streligion,oranyotherreligionwhose wri enbeliefsareagainstvaccinaons. TheNa onalVaccineInforma on Centersays,ThereligiousexemponisgrantedbasedontheFirst AmendmentoftheCons tu on, whichistherighttofreelyexercise yourreligion.Becauseci zensare protectedundertheFirstAmendmentoftheUnitedStates,astate musthavea"compellingStateinterest"beforethisrightcanbetaken away.One"compellingStateinterest"isthespreadofcommunicable diseases.Instatecourtcases,which havesetprecedentonthisissue,the

Source:cdc.gov

VaccineExemp ons
Con nuedfrompage5. Infact,only nyfragmentsofviruses orbacteriaareinvaccinescompared withthelargeamountsofgerms childrencomeincontactwithevery day.Parentswhoareworriedabout theincreasingnumberofrecommendedvaccinesalsomaytake comfortinknowingthatvaccines todayexposechildrentofewerbacterialorviralpartsthaninthepast, yetprotectagainstmorediseases.A baby'simmunesystemcanhandle considerablymoregermsthanthey willevergetfromvaccines.Infact, babiesareexposedtothousandsof germseverydayfromthedaythey areborn.Worryingabouttoomany vaccinesislikeworryingabouta thimbleofwaterge ngyouwet whenyouareswimminginan ocean.

Therearethreespecictypesof exemp onsthatmayvaryfromstate tostate.Theyarephilosophical,religious,andmedical.Theseexemponsmakeitpossibleforparentsto choosetohavetheirchildnotvaccinatedand/orrevaccinated. Philosophicalexemp onsarebased oofpersonal,philosophical,or conscien ouslyheldbeliefs.Ifapersonfeelsthatvaccinesarewrong thentheyhavetheop ontolea philosophicalexemp oninthefollowingstates:Arizona,Arkansas, California,Colorado,Idaho,Louisiana,Maine,Michigan,Minnesota, NorthDakota,Ohio,Oklahoma,Texas,Utah,Vermont,Washington,and Wisconsin,accordingtotheNa onal VaccineInforma onCenter.However,NewMexicoallowsexemp ons frompersonalbeliefsaspartofreli-

Source:abcnews.go.com

 freedomtoactaccordingtoyourown religiousbeliefissubjecttoreasonable regula onwiththejus ca onthatit mustnotthreatenthewelfareofsociety asawhole. Medicalexemp onsareavailableinall 50states,andaremadeforthose whosehealthwouldbeharmedbyreceivingavaccine.Inmostcases,aMedicalDoctororDoctorofOsteopathy wouldlloutthemedicalexemp onfor apa entsta ngthattakingthevaccine wouldbedetrimentaltotheirhealth. Whilesomestatesallowprivatephysicianstowriteawri enexemp onfora pa ent,mostrequirethemtobe
Many parents ques onthe safetyof vaccina ons andeven their benets.

Source:blog.lib.umn.edu

Ramifications of Vaccine Mandates

Thenecessity,safety,andecacyof vaccinesisahighlydebated,divisive, andemo onalsocialtopic.Oursafety andthatofourfamiliesisattheheart ofthedebateonwhetherornotto vaccinate,par cularlybabiesand smallchildren.Withthatinmindwe maybe erweightheavailableinforma ononvaccina onsandmakethe bestchoicespossible. ers.However,thisimmunitygoes awayduringtherstyearoflife. Regardingthesafetyofvaccines,the CDCoutlineshowtheymonitorthis concern: Thesafetyofvaccinesisthoroughlystudiedbeforetheyare licensedforpublicuse. Thereisastrongsysteminplace tohelpscien stsmonitorthe safetyofvaccines. Likeanymedicine,vaccinescan causesideeects.However,seriousadverseeventsfromvaccines arerare. Receivingcombina onvaccines orseveraldierentvaccinesduringonevisitisverysafeand oersthequickestprotec on againmul plediseases. Youcanplayaroleinmonitoring thesafetyofvaccines.

Professional View
AccordingtoMichelleMcNeaRN,the uvaccinemandatebecameeec ve in2011forhealthcareworkersin Nebraska.Thetargetgoalforthis mandateis90%vaccina onbut currentlyitiss llpossibleforhealth careworkersatGPRMCtodeclinefor anyreason.Thecomplianceratein 2011wasabout85%.Shesaidonthe easternseaboardandotherplaces theuvaccineisactually mandatoryandifahealthprac onerdeclines,evenduetoallergies orreligion,theymustwearamask whileprac cinghealthcare.The CentersforDiseaseControl(CDC) andtheAdvisoryCommissionon Immuniza onPrac ces(ACIP)recommendeveryone6monthsandolder bevaccinatedagainsttheu. Michellefeelsthatvaccinesshould notbeforcedonpeople,including thoseworkinginhealthcareposions.Shedoesntthinkitisethicalto demandthatpeoplehavesomething entertheirbodythattheydonot want.

VaccinesasDisease Preventa veWithNo ApparentRamica ons

AccordingtotheCenterforDisease Control,Thediseasesthatvaccines preventcanbedangerous,oreven deadly.Vaccinesreducetheriskof infec onbyworkingwiththebody's naturaldefensestohelpitsafelydevelopimmunitytodisease.Bythe sametokentheCDCacknowledges, Newbornbabiesareimmuneto manydiseasesbecausetheyhave an bodiestheygotfromtheirmoth-

VaccinesAsCauseOf DisabilityOrDeath
Thenumberofdoctors,otherprofessionals,andparentswithconcernsoverthesafetyofvaccines seemstohaveincreasedalongwith theincreaseoftheavailabilityof vaccinesandvaccinemandates.Personalandprofessionalaccountstesfyofhealthybabiesandchildren fallingillandsome mesdyingfollowingtheadministra onofvaccines.Dr.VieraScheibnerstated, "Thereisnoevidencewhatsoeverof theabilityofvaccinestopreventany diseases.Tothecontrary,thereisa

greatwealthofevidencethatthey causeserioussideeects."Another authority,Dr.J.AnthonyMorris, formerChiefVaccineControlOcer attheUSFederalDrugAdministraonsaid,"Thereisagreatdealof evidencetoprovethatimmuniza on ofchildrendoesmoreharmthan good."Thelatepediatrician,Dr. RobertS.Mendelsohn,M.D.said, "Therearesignicantrisksassociatedwitheveryimmuniza onand numerouscontraindica onsthat maymakeitdangerousfortheshots tobegiventoyourchild....Thereis growingsuspicionthatimmuniza on againstrela velyharmlesschildhood

Thereisgrowingsuspicionthatimmuniza onagainst rela velyharmlesschildhooddiseasesmayberesponsibleforthedrama cincreaseinautoimmunediseasessincemassinocula onswereintroduced.

diseasesmayberesponsibleforthe drama cincreaseinautoimmune diseasessincemassinocula onswere introduced.Thesearefearfuldiseases suchascancer,leukemia,rheumatoid arthri s,mul plesclerosis,LouGehrig'sdisease,lupuserythematous,and theGuillain-Barresyndrome."-- netbenettoanyoneortosocietyin general.Thisques oncanonlybe determinedbyproperstudieswhich haveneverbeenperformed.Theaw ofpreviousstudiesisthattherewas nolongtermfollowupandchronic toxicitywasnotlookedat.TheAmericanSocietyofMicrobiologyhaspromotedmyresearch...andthus acknowledgestheneedforproper studies."

Someprofessionalsarecallingfor ethical,longtermstudiesthatwill showcleardatatose letheques on regardingeitherthesafetyandneces- Source:Vaccina onLibera on. sityorinherentdangerof vaccines.Onedoctor,John B.Classen,M.D.,M.B.A., hadthefollowingtosay concerningthestudiesthat havebeendonetodate: "Mydataprovesthatthe studiesusedtosupport immuniza onaresoawed thatitisimpossibletosayif immuniza onprovidesa

Source:h p://img. meinc.net/ me/daily/2008/0805/360_wvaccines_0602.jpg

Solution 1: Eliminate Controls

Interes ngly,someothercountries suchasCanadaandMexicodonot Eliminatecontrolsonvaccines. u lizemandatesandhavegenerally higherimmuniza onratesthaninthe Iden fy/clarifytheissue UnitedStates.However,inCanada thereisuniversalhealthcarecoverage, includingimmuniza ons,andinMexiIndividualsshouldhavethechoiceto coverysuccessfulcountrywideimmunreceiveordeclinevaccines. iza onweeksthree mesperyear reachalmostallofthechildren. Keycomponents Source:h p://vaccines.procon.org/ 1. Statesshouldhavestandardsfor h p://www.immuniza oninfo.org/ vaccineexemp onsthatarentas issues/immuniza on-policy/indica ons rigorous,andthatmakeiteasyfor -recommenda ons-and-immuniza onpeopletoobtainexemp ons.This mandates#8 waypeopleawareandhavemade theconsciousandinformeddecisioniftheychoosetohavetheir childrenvaccinatedornotbecause theymadethedecisionthemselves.Itwasntforcedupon them. 2. Ifpeoplearenotforcedtodo somethingthantheyaremore likelygoingtomakeadecision thattheyhonestlyfeelisright, insteadofhavingtheneedtobe deantbecauseofpressurefrom thegovernment.Nobodylikes beingtoldthattheyhavetodo something.Peopledeservethe righttochooseforthemselves. 3. Therearemanyparentsthathold religiousbeliefsagainstvaccinaons.Tightercontrolscanmakeit harderfortheseparentstolea religiousexemp on.Iftheseparentsareforcedtovaccinatetheir childrenthenitwould,violatethe 1stAmendmentwhichguarantees ci zenstherighttothefreeexerciseoftheirreligionaccordingto vaccines.procon.org.

Solu on

Source:historyofvaccines.org

Eliminate Controls: Pros

Thiswillhelptodiusethevaccinecontroversy Thismayhelpinrestoringtrustinthegovernmentagenciesandmedicaleld Peoplewillbemoreincontrolofthedecision a ertalkingitthroughwithahealthcareprovidercarefullyconsideringthebenetsandrisksinsteadoffeelingcoercedintoge ngvaccinated

Source:healthfreedoms.org

Eliminate Controls: Cons

Somepeoplemayfeelitisnotnecessaryorimportantwithoutamandate Thereisthepossibilitythevaccina onrates woulddropandtheremaybegreaterriskfordiseasestobecomemoreprevalent. Thiscouldincreasehealthcarecostsingeneral, whichwouldeventuallygetpassedontheconsumer

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Source:vaccineresistancemovement.org

Solution 2: Balanced Access to Information

Solu on
Asolu ontovaccinemandatesisto provideanaccessible,equitablebalanceofinforma onontheramicaonsofvaccines. ment,etc. Informa onisknowledgecommunicatedorreceivedconcerningaparcularfactorcircumstance. Ramica onisconsequence;implica on

Iden fy/Clarifythesolu on Inordertoclarifythesolu onthe followingwordsaredened:accessible,equitable,balance,informa on, andramica on.(dic onalry.com)

Accessiblemeansobtainableor a ainable. Equitablemeanscharacterizedby equityorfairness;justandright;fair; reasonable. Balanceisastateofequilibriumor mentalsteadinessoremo onalstability;habitofcalmbehavior,judg-

Keycomponentsofthe program:
Informa onprogram implementa on Deni ons:Brochuresmustbereadilyavailabletoexpectantandnew parentsandotherconsumersregardingthedebatebetweenpossible advantages/eectsofdiseasesversespossibledisadvantages/eectsof vaccines. Explana ons:Afewofthemany parentsandprofessionalswhoare alreadyar cula ngtheramica ons ofvaccineswouldcompilesomeof

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"Therehasbeenatendency (bydoctors)toplaydown thelikelihoodofcommon adversereacons...Immunisa onsare thuscommonlygivenwithouttheinformedconsentof parents.Whenproblems arisea ervaccina on, thesedoctorstendtoplay downtheseverityofthe complaintsandwillo en denyaconnec onwiththe vaccina on."-MJA (Medical Journalof Australia) Submissionon Vaccinaon.Dr. Mark Donohoe MBBS. Submi edto theMedicalJournalofAustralia,Feb 97rejectedMay97,then publishedinAustralianVaccina onNetwork, "Vaccina onRoule e" 1998.

theiracquiredinforma onandexperiencetocreateatasteful,balanced brochureoutliningpossibleconsequencesofvaccines Linkingtoqualityhealthservices Deni ons:Expectantandnewparentswouldhaveaccesstoinforma onontheramica onsofvaccines,bothforandagainst. Explana ons:Alongwiththeliteratureoutliningthenecessityandexpecta onofrou nelygivinginfant vaccines,parentswouldhaveaccessible,equitableandbalancedinforma ononthepossibleilleectsof vaccines. Examples: Parentsand otherswould beprovided brochures thateither: 1)included boththe prosand consofvaccinesor 2)outlined
Source:psychologytoday.com

thepossibleadverseeectsalong withthescheduleofrecommended childhoodimmuniza ons. Sustainability Deni ons:Inordertoimplement andsustainthissolu ontherewould needtobeasteppingforwardand anorganiza onofconcernedconsumersaswellassometypeofnancialbackingtocreate,print,and distributeinforma on. Explana ons:Therewouldlikelybea strongcountercampaigngh ngthe provisionofaccessible,equitable balanceofinforma onontheramica onsofvaccines. Examples:TheCenterforDisease Control(CDC)andFoodandDrug Administra on(FDA)aswellasdrug companiesmayhaveulteriormovesinwide-spreadpromo onand manda ngofvaccina ons.Anorganiza onagainstmandateswould needtobewellarmedwithcalmbut credibleinforma onandbepreparedforthepossibilityofstrong opposi on.

Balanced Access to Information: Pros

Advantage:Accessible,equitablebalanceofinforma ononwhichtobasedecisions Advantage:Informedpublicwillmakehealthcare decisionsaccordingtothedictatesoftheirconscience Advantage:Possibilityoffeweradverseeects fromvaccines

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Source:healthmaven.blogspot.com

Balanced Access to Information: Cons

Disadvantage:Possibledistrustofmedical professionals Disadvantage:Fearanduncertaintyamong consumersconcerningbestcourseofac on Disadvantage:Lessrevenuefordrugcompanies,medicalprofessionals,&governments

Source:momsdailydose.wordpress.com

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Solution 3: Improving Delivery Methods and Opportunities

Solu on
ImprovingDeliveryMethodsand Opportuni es Iden fy/Clarifytheissue Despitemanyrecentadvancesinvaccinedelivery,thegoalforuniversal immuniza onsetin1977hasnotbeen reached.In2001,only77.2%ofUS toddlers19to35monthsofagehad receivedtheirbasicimmuniza onseriesof4dosesofdiphtheriaandtetanustoxoidsandacellularpertussis (DTaP)vaccine,3dosesofinac vated poliovirusvaccine,1doseofmeaslesorruralareashavelowerimmunizaonratesthandochildreninthegeneralpopula on.Addi onalchallenges tovaccinedeliveryincludetheintroduc onofnewchildhoodvaccines, ensuringadependablesupplyofvaccines,bolsteringpubliccondencein vaccinesafety,andsucientcompensa onforvaccineadministra on.

Theconic nginforma on andevensta s csinthe vaccinedebatemakethe decisiontovaccinateornot evenmoredicultto determine.Theinfo graphicbelowconicts withthesta s csfrom anothersourcenotedin thear cletotheright.

KeyComponents
Recentresearchhasdemonstrated specicandprac calchangesphysicianscanmaketoimprovetheirpracceseec venessinimmunizingchildren,includingthefollowing: 1. Sendingparentremindersforupcomingvisitsandrecallno ces 2. Usingpromptsduringalloce visitstoremindparentsandsta aboutimmuniza onsneededat thatvisit 3. Repeatedlymeasuringprac cewideimmuniza onratesover measpartofaqualityimprovementeort 4. Havinginplacestandingorders forregisterednurses,physician assistants,andmedicalassistants toiden fyopportuni estoadministervaccines.Pediatricians shouldworkindividuallyandcollec velyatlocalandna onallevelstoensurethatallchildrenreceiveallchildhoodimmuniza ons on me.Pediatriciansalsocan proac velycommunicatewith parentstoensuretheyunderstandtheoverallsafetyandecacyofvaccines.

mumps-rubella(MMR)vaccine,and3 dosesofHaemophilusinuenzaetype b(Hib)vaccine.Childrenwhoare membersofaracialorethnicminority, whoarepoor,orwholiveininner-city

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Improving Delivery Methods and Opportunities: Pros

Morechildrenwouldreceivetheirvaccinaonson me Physicianswouldalwaysbesuretheyaregivingqualityvaccines Forthepeoplewhoarejustnotremembering tovaccinatebutwouldliketo,theywould havereminders

Source:ercehealthcare.com

Improving Delivery Methods and Opportunities: Cons

Peoplethatdontwanttovaccinatearenot goingtowanttheremindersorfeelthepressure Thefocusofthisprogrammight emphasizenumbersmorethan safetyandlookingatacaseby casebasisforimmuniza on Thismethodmaycomeacrossas pushyandpeoplemaybeturned oiftheyfeltthatthedoctorsor nursesweretryingtopushimmuniza onsonthematevery opportunity.
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Source:naturallydowntoearth.com

Additional Resources
Vaccination News-A non-profit corporation founded by longtime vaccine freedom of choice advocate, Sandy Gottstein. The mission statement of Vaccination News is Freedom of Choice is Not Free. Website: http:// www.vaccinationnews.com Multiple Immunizations and Immune Dysfunction a book published by the Institute of Medicine (2002). A review of the medical literature that discusses the potential biological mechanisms and evidence for and against a causal relationship between multiple vaccinations and immune and brain dysfunction. The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child by Robert Sears, M.D. This book offers tips for parents who want to vaccinate their child with all government recommended vaccines but prefer to use an alternative schedule for vaccination. Includes suggested schedules for spacing recommended vaccines out and giving fewer vaccines on one day. National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) is a national charitable, non -profit educational organization founded in 1982. NVIC launched the vaccine safety and informed consent movement in America in the early 1980's and is the oldest and largest consumer led organization advocating for the institution of vaccine safety and informed consent protections in the public health system. Website: http://www.nvic.org/

U.S. Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov/

Center for Disease Control (CDC) Vaccine Information http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/

VAERS Database - Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System - link to site where you can download the whole huge data base. Call VAERS at 1-800-822-7967 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Activities/vaers.html

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Additional Resources Cont.

Link/Contact info
1.Immunization Action Coalition. http://www.immunize.org/laws/

Type of Content 1. State mandates on immunization and vaccine-preventable diseases 2. National Vaccine Information Center eNewsletter Subscription 3. News and views on vaccinations and policy. 4. Uncensored information on immunizations.. Hundreds of peer reviewed studies. 5. There is no central federal authority for vaccine policy. 6. There is a refusal to vaccinate form that doctors can use if a parent decides against vaccinating their child. Even though it is not considered a legal document, doctors still may use it for their own records. 7. Stats about Hepatitis B requirements and screenings by state. 8. What vaccines are required where.

Websites

2.National Vaccine Information Center. http:// visitor.r20.constantcontact.com/ manage/optin? v=0018GC6MpVjY0SMRqdM9qSOynPFyMcI4P47m_4rOpZh5nhAeWv7AoinUhOOMjU2an

3. Vaccination News. http:// www.vaccinationnews.com/homepage 4. Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute. http://thinktwice.com/; http:// thinktwice.com/studies.htm 5. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/ RL31793.pdf

6.http://www2.aap.org/
immunization/pediatricians/pdf/ RefusaltoVaccinate.pdf 7. http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/ StateVaccApp/statevaccsApp/ HepatitisScreenandReport.asp 8. https://www.myvaccs.com/home/ travel-vaccinations.aspx

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Works Cited
"Immunization Policy." National Network for Immunization Information (NNii). N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. Koren, Tedd, and Jeff Hockings. "Truth About Vaccinations (part 1 of 4):Tedd Koren D.C." YouTube. n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. Livingston Ellis, Sandra K. Dr. Mom's Healthy LIving. N.p., 2004. Print. Miller, Neil Z. Vaccines: Are They Really Safe and Effective?Santa Fe, N.M: New Atlantean Press, 2002. Print. N.p., 1999. Print. "National Vaccine Information Center ? Vaccine Watch Dog." Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nvic.org/>. "NVIC ? Vaccine Law Information." National Vaccine Information Center ? Vaccine Watch Dog. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nvic.org/vaccine-laws.aspx#>. "Parents Requesting Open Vaccine Education (PROVE)." Parents Requesting Open Vaccine Education (PROVE). N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://vaccineinfo.net/index.shtml>. "Say No to Vaccines - don't put your health at risk!." Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.sayingnotovaccines.com/ >. "School immunization requirements." San Dieguito Union High School District. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. "Travel Vaccinations." NetDoctor.co.uk - The UK's leading independent health website. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/travel/vaccines_index.shtml>. "USCIS - Vaccination Requirements." USCIS Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://www.uscis.gov/ portal/site/uscis/menuitem.5af9bb95919f35e66f614176543f6d1a/? vgnextoid=3384cc5222ff5210VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=6abe6d26d17df110VgnVC M1000004718190aRCRD>.

 "Vaccination Liberation Home Page." Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.vaclib.org/>. "Vaccinations - Travelers' Health - CDC." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/vaccinations.htm>. "Vaccines: Vac-Gen/Side Effects." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm>. Welcome to ASTHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. <http://www.astho.org/uploadedFiles/Programs/ Immunization/ASTHO%20Vaccine%20Refusal%20Brief.pdf>.