TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 9,Moi Trng &Tai Nguyen -2006

DU LCH SINH THI RNG BIN CN GI TPHCM THEO NH HNG PHT TRIN THN THIN VI MI TRNG
Nguyn Th Thanh M, Nguyn Thanh Hng Hunh Th Minh Hng, Lm Minh Trit Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn HQG-HCM

TM TT: Cn Gi l huyn duy nht ca Thnh ph c rng ngp mn vi mng li sng, rch chng cht, quanh co rt c trng vng sng nc. Cn Gi hon ton c th tr thnh th du lch sinh thi bin hp dn du khch. Pht trin du lch Cn Gi l yu t quan trng nht pht trin kinh t x hi nng cao i sng, nng cao dn tr, ca mt huyn c coi l ngho nht Thnh ph H Ch Minh. pht trin bn vng ngnh du lch Cn Gi cn thit u t bo v mi trng (gii hn trong bo co ny ch trnh by nc thi v cht thi rn) v s u t bo v mi trng chnh l s u t cho pht trin du lch. 1.C IM TIM NNG PHT TRIN DU LCH SINH THI CN GI

Cn Gi l mt trong 5 huyn ngoi thnh ca Thnh ph H Ch Minh nm n ng vng ca bin pha ng Nam ca thnh ph, cch trung tm thnh ph khong 50 km. Bn o Cn Gi l phn duyn hi cc Nam, vi b bin di 13km t mi Cn Gi n mi ng Tranh. Din tch t nhin ca huyn Cn Gi l 71.361 ha (chim trn 30% din tch ca ton thnh ph), trong trn 31% l din tch mt nc; 46,4% (tng ng 33.129 ha) l t rng v rng. Dn s huyn Cn Gi nm 2003 c khong 60.000 ngi. Cn Gi l mt vng t c nhiu tim nng pht trin du lch sinh thi: rng, bin, thy hi sn, giao thng thy, cnh quan thin nhin, truyn thng lch s cch mng, vn ho l hi dn gian,, v khng qu xa trung tm thnh ph; l huyn duy nht ca thnh ph c rng ngp mn gn vi mng li sng rch quanh co un khc, khu di tch lch s cch mng Rng Sc, khu du lch Lng C ng, bi bin 30/4, khu nh vn cy tri v nui trng thy hi sn, v khu Lm vin Cn Gi vi nhiu kh nng thu ht khch du lch. Trong rng v bin l hai yu t ht sc quan trng thc y pht trin du lch sinh thi ni ring v pht trin kinh t x hi ca huyn Cn Gi ni chung. Mt li th khc na ca khu vc ny l tuyn ng Rng Sc l tuyn ng chnh xuyn sut t ph Bnh Khnh n mi Cn Gi c nng cp t cht lng cao.

Hin h 1. S vi tri vun g nghin cu

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1.1.Tim nng Rng ngp mn

Ni n du lch Cn Gi, yu t u tin hp dn du khch l cnh quan tuyt vi ca khu rng ngp mn (RNM) Cn Gi. Cnh quan ny khng ch ni ting t rt lu m ngy nay n cn l nim t ho, nim vinh d ln lao ca hng triu ngi dn thnh ph. Ngy 10/12/2000, Rng ngp mn Cn Gi chnh thc c UNESCO cng nhn a vo danh sch Khu d tr sinh quyn th gii vi din tch 10.734,95 ha. y l khu d tr sinh quyn u tin Vit Nam v l mt trong 368 khu d tr sinh quyn ca ton th gii. T trc n nay, vng t ngp nc ven bin Cn Gi lun l ni sinh trng, pht trin ca nhiu loi thy sn a dng v qu gi. Rng ngp mn ng vai tr quan trng, l ni cung cp thc n, ni c tr, nui dng v sinh sn ca cc loi thy sinh v nhiu nhm ng vt c xng sng trn cn. Vi v tr trung gian gia trn cn v di nc, gia nc ngt v nc mn, vng ven bin tr thnh ni hng ng cht dinh dng v sn sinh ra li thc n a dng, phong ph, m bo s tn ti v pht trin ca sinh vt trn cn v di nc, duy tr ngun ti nguyn sinh hc giu c, c bit l ti nguyn thy sn: c, tm, cua, nghu, s, V mt mi trng, h sinh thi RNM vng ca sng Si Gn, ng Nai va l l phi xanh, gp phn ng k vo vic thanh lc khng kh cho khu vc v gim thiu nhim nc thi t thng ngun, ng thi l l chn phng chng l lt v nc triu dng xm nhp t bin ng.
1.2.Tim nng Bin

Cn Gi c b bin di 13 km t mi Cn Gi n mi ng Tranh. Mi Cn Gi cch mi Nghinh Phong Vng Tu 10km ng bin bng qua vnh Ghnh Ri. T b bin nhn ra l mt bi triu rng hng cy s khi triu thp vi khong cch t b trn 4 km pha mi Cn Gi v trn 1 km pha mi ng Tranh. Nhn chung ton bi Cn Gi l mt bi bi rng n trn 100km2. Cng cn phi ni thm rng, bi Cn Gi l on b bin pha ng cui cng ca di b bin Vit Nam (tnh t Bc vo Nam) c kh nng ci to phc v du lch, tm bin. i xa hn xung pha Nam, b bin b snh ly khng ch v t c gi tr phc v du lch ngh ngi gii tr. Vi tim nng v li th sn c, trong nhng nm qua, huyn Cn Gi y nhanh tc pht trin mt s lnh vc kinh t then cht nh: nui trng v nh bt thy hi sn, sn xut mui, thu ht du lch, nng nghip v mt s dch v, nhm a dn chng thot ra khi s ngho i v tng bc ui kp cc qun huyn khc ca thnh ph. Nhp pht trin kinh t kh cao ca huyn trong nhng nm qua v qu trnh th ha ang tng bc c hnh thnh ti mt s vng trong huyn, gy sc p nng n ln ti nguyn rng bin v xut hin nhng du hiu, nhng nguy c e da i vi h sinh thi rng ngp mn v cnh quan thin nhin trn a bn.
2.NH HNG PHT TRIN DU LCH SINH THI CN GI 2.1.Quan im

Khai thc ng mc li th, cc yu t tim nng ca rng ngp mn, bin, sng nc, truyn thng lch s cch mng, vn ha l hi dn gian pht trin khu du lch sinh thi; Pht trin du lch sinh thi Cn Gi phi m bo tnh bn vng v gn cht vi nhim v bo v mi trng, gn gi v tn to cnh quan thin nhin rng ngp mn; Thu ht mnh m cc thnh phn kinh t u t xy dng c s h tng, vt cht k thut phc v pht trin bn vng khu du lch sinh thi. Cn Gi th du lch sinh thi rng bin ca Thnh ph H Ch Minh tng bin huyn Cn Gi tr thnh th du lch sinh thi rng bin l tng c bc t ph trc ht l ca lnh o cp cao ca Chnh ph v sau c c th ha bng D n H thng cng trnh ln bin kt hp vi khu th du lch bin Cn Gi. D n ny c nghin cu kh thi chi tit, c thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt, ang trong giai on xc tin u t.
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TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 9,Moi Trng &Tai Nguyen -2006

Khu thi mi theo qui hoach cua huyn Khu thi du lich ln bin Cn Gi

Hnh 2. V tr Khu th - Du lch ln bin Cn Gi.

Rng ngp mn Cn Gi khu d tr sinh quyn ca Th gii nm gn trong a bn huyn Cn Gi. Ni y phong ph v a dng v cc thm thc vt c trng ca rng ngp mn. ng vt hoang d ti y cng kh phong ph, bao gm: cc lp th, lp chim, lp b st, lung c, c bit c cc sn chim t nhin thu ht cc n chim hng trm loi v y sinh sng v pht trin. Hi sn Cn Gi cng a dng: nhiu loi gip st (tm, cua), hng trm loi c trong s c mt s loi c gi tr kinh t cao: c da, c ngt, c chm, c i, c cha vi, c nhm, R rng, Cn Gi c th tr thnh th du lch sinh thi rt hp dn du khch. Rng sc, rng ngp mn ht sc l tng cho du lch sinh thi, c th thc hin tham quan len li, quanh co trn sng rch v ven b chng cht cc h thc vt ngp mn, c th thc hin m thc hoang d vi cc loi tm, cua, c, nh bt v nu n ti ch, hp dn du khch m khng u c iu kin nh th.
2.2.nh hng pht trin khng gian du lch sinh thi Cn Gi

Trong 5 10 nm ti, cn u t pht trin hon chnh v t chc khai thc c hiu qu khng gian du lch trn a bn huyn v trn c s tng bc khp kn v kt ni vi khng gian du lch trong khu vc bao gm cc tuyn, im, khu du lch sinh thi trn a bn huyn. Cc tuyn du lch d kin pht trin nh sau: Tuyn ng b t trung tm Thnh ph xung Cn Gi. Tuyn ng sng t Thnh ph i ng nh, Cn Thnh; t Cn Thnh Lm Vin i Vng Tu Cn c M Tho; Kt hp ng b ng sng. Cc im du lch c th pht trin bao gm: Khu du lch bi bin 30/4 x Long Ha; Khu du lch hoang d Lm vin Cn Gi (2.200ha) vi khu cn c khng chin rng Sc (ti hin); Khu du lch c cng thy rng Sc (250 ha); Khu ni Ging Cha, x Thnh An (200 ha)
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Cc khu di ch kho c: Trung tm trin lm, trng by, nghin cu h sinh thi rng ngp mn ti cc tiu khu thuc ban qun l rng phng h Cn Gi; Khu du lch nh vn (300ha) ti Long Ha Cn Thnh; Trung tm sinh hot d ngoi thanh thiu nin thnh ph; Khu di tch lch s cc cn c khng chin vng rng Sc; Bo tng sinh vt bin; nh, cha, lng ng Thy Tng. Nhn chung, hnh nh chung ca khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi s mang ngha ng ca khi nim v du lch sinh thi rng - bin: l du lch nhm a du khch hiu bit v h sinh thi gc v tng thu nhp ca dn c a phng bo tn h sinh thi gc. Khu du lch ny khng ch nhm gim thiu s qu ti trong khu du lch trung tm thnh ph v tng qu t kt hp du lch.
3. NHNG VN MI TRNG LIN QUAN N PHT TRIN DU LCH SINH THI CN GI Du lch sinh thi hm cha ngha thn thin, hi ha vi thin nhin v mi trng. Tuy nhin, pht trin du lch sinh thi rng bin Cn Gi s t ra nhiu vn mi trng cn phi nghim tc gii quyt m bo mc tiu pht trin bn vng. Trn c s nhng nh hng pht trin du lch sinh thi Cn Gi nh nu ra trn, c th nhn thy trc mt s vn mi trng tim n sau y: 3.1.Vn cung cp nc sch

Vi quy m c th tip n 20.000 lt khch du lch mi ngy, Cn Gi s cn thm khong 3.600 m3 nc sch mi ngy, l cha k n lng nc ngt kh ln cho nhu cu ti cy xanh. Hin ti, kh nng cung cp nc ti ch cc k hn ch do ton b cc ngun nc mt trong huyn u b nhim mn, trong khi nc ngm c kh nng khai thc s dng ch tn ti trong mt s ging ct vi tr lng rt hn ch. iu ny s to p lc nng n ln h thng cp nc hin c vn rt yu t v t nh hng n nhu cu s dng nc sinh hot ca c dn a phng.
3.2.Vn nhim mi trng nc

Kh nng gy nhim mi trng nc ti cc tiu khu du lch sinh thi Cn Gi l thuc khng ch vo vic kim sot v qun l cc ngun nc thi sinh hot ti ch m cn l thuc vo nhng yu t khc bn ngoi cc hot ng du lch. Vi quy m phc v 20.000 khch du lch, cng vi mt s lng kh ln c dn a phng, lng nc thi sinh hot hng ngy Cn Gi s kh ln. Ch tnh ring cho d n Khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi, trung bnh mi ngy s c khong 3.000 m3 nc thi sinh hot ra bin. Nu khng c thu gom v x l tt, lng nc thi ny s gy nhim mi trng nc ven b v t nh hng trc tip n cht lng nc ti khu bi tm. Do nm khu vc h lu phn cui cng ca h thng sng ng Nai, do mi trng nc khu vc Cn Gi t nhiu cng b nh hng ca s lan truyn nhim t khu vc thng lu ra, m trn tp trung rt nhiu khu th, khu cng nghip, cng, hot ng nng nghip, N cn c kh nng b nh hng bi cc hot ng giao thng vn ti thu trong khu vc vn tim n nhiu ri ro v s c trn du.
3.3.Vn cht thi rn

Vi qui m phc v khong 20.000 ngi, hot ng ca h thng cc khu du lch sinh thi Cn Gi trung bnh hng ngy sn sinh ra khong 18 20 tn rc sinh hot, cng thm lng rc sinh hot ca khong 60.000 c dn ti ch s nng tng lng rc sinh hot Cn Gi trong tng lai ln n khong 70 80 tn/ngy. Ngoi ra, cn c thm mt lng ng k cc loi cn bn sinh ra do qu trnh x l nc thi (bn t hoi, bn t cc h thng x l nc thi tp trung,..), cn lng t cc h gas Trang 38

TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 9,Moi Trng &Tai Nguyen -2006

thot nc ma v nc thi. y l mt khi lng cht thi rn kh ln, cn c qun l tt trnh nhim mi trng v khng lm nh hng n hot ng du lch.
3.4.nh hng n rng ngp mn Cn Gi Khu d tr sinh quyn ca th gii

C nhiu kin lo ngi rng, pht trin du lch sinh thi Cn Gi s nh hng xu n khu rng ngp mn Cn Gi Khu d tr sinh quyn ca th gii, ng thi cng l khu rng phng h cho Thnh ph H Ch Minh. iu ny c th nhn thy trc ht qua vic m rng v pht trin tuyn ng rng Sc v ng nh lm mt 85,37 ha rng ngp mn thuc cc vng chuyn tip v vng m. Tip n, vic xy dng cc khu du lch s lm mt i mt din tch nht nh rng v t rng. Sau l cc hot ng du lch, cc tour du lch trong rng nu khng qun l tt cng s gy nh hng nht nh n rng ngp mn t phng din nc thi, cht thi rn, cht b cy, Tt c nhng vn nu trn, nu khng c gii quyt trit , s lm gim kh nng thu ht khch du lch v t c th ph v mc tiu bin Cn Gi thnh khu th du lch sinh thi hin i nh mong mun ca cc nh lnh o v ca cng ng.
4.BO V MI TRNG PHT TRIN BN VNG DU LCH SINH THI CN GI

Trn c s nhn nh v phn tch cc kha cnh mi trng tim n trong pht trin du lch sinh thi Cn Gi nh nu trn, c th khng nh rng: Bo v mi trng pht trin bn vng du lch sinh thi Cn Gi va l mc tiu, va l nhim v quan trng, va l gii php ng n v c ngha kinh t x hi su sc. Quyt nh ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng s 02/2003/Q-BTNMT v vic ban hnh Qui ch bo v mi trng trong lnh vc du lch cho thy tm quan trng v s cn thit phi u t cho bo v mi trng pht trin bn vng ngnh du lch t nc. Trc ht cn nhn thc su sc rng: i vi Cn Gi, u t cho bo v mi trng cng chnh l u t cho pht trin du lch ni ring v pht trin kinh t x hi ni chung. Khng th ch lo tp trung pht trin ngnh du lch m khng ch trng n vic bo v mi trng, cnh quan, h sinh thi, nht l u t bo v mi trng nc bi n tc ng trc tip n hot ng tm bin v cnh quan th. Trong phm vi bi bo ny ch tp trung vo cc gii php nhm s dng hp l ti nguyn nc v kim sot nhim do nc thi sinh hot, cht thi rn t cc hot ng du lch.
4.1.Cc gii php bo v mi trng nc v ti s dng nc cho khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi 4.1.1.Qui hoch h thng thot nc H thng thot nc cho khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi ngh tch ring theo hai tuyn ring nh sau: Tuyn th 1: Dnh ring cho thot nc ma v cc loi nc thi qui c sch. H thng ny bao gm cc mng, rnh thot nc kn xy dng xung quanh cc khu nh ngh, khch sn, cng trnh cng cng tp trung nc ma t trn mi xung v dn n h thng cng ngm thot nc ma t dc theo cc con ng ni b, sau dn n h cha nc ma. H ny c xy dng nhm mc ch va to cnh quan cho khu th, va tch tr lng nc ngt khan him y (nc ma v nc thi sau khi x l t yu cu) cho mc ch ti s dng nc ti cy v mt s nhu cu s dng nc ngt khc khng i hi cht lng nc qu cao. Tuyn th 2: Dnh ring cho vic thot nc thi nhim bn t cc ngi cng trnh trong khu vc d n. Ton b lng nc thi nhim bn s c dn n cc h thng x l nc thi tp trung x l t yu cu cn thit, sau theo h thng thot nc dn vo h cha nc ngt. S nguyn tc h thng thot nc tng th ca khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi c ngh nh trn Hnh 3. Trang 39

Science & Technology Development, Enviroment &Resources, Vol..9 - 2006 Nc thi qui c sch (nc ma, nc gii nhit)

Cng rnh thot nc

Song chn rc, li lt rc

Nc thi nhim bn t cc ngi nh v cng trnh

Cc cng trnh x l cc b

Trm x l nc thi tp trung

H cha nc ngt (to cnh quan, ti s dng nc)

Hnh 3. S nguyn tc h thng thot nc tng th ca khu th du lch Cn Gi.

Theo n quy hoch khu th du lch bin Cn Gi, h thng thot nc bn y c chia thnh 2 lu vc thot nc ring. Lu vc th nht s m nhn vic tiu thot nc bn t cc ngi cng trnh dn v khu x l nc thi tp trung I b tr gn khu vc ca rch H Thanh (khu A) v lu vc th hai s m nhn vic tiu thot nc bn t cc ngi cng trnh dn v khu x l nc thi tp trung II b tr gn khu vc ca Rch L (khu C) (xem bn qui hoch thot nc bn phn ph lc km theo).
4.1.2.Cc bin php khng ch v kim sot nhim do nc thi Khng ch khng cho nc ma ra tri cc cht bn, du nht v cc cht thi rn trong ton b khu t qui hoch pht trin d n. iu ny s c thc hin bng cch qui hoch v tr thch hp cho khu vc bn cha hoc thng cha nhin liu du, phi t trong nh hoc nhng ni c mi che chn nc ma. Cc gi rc phi c np y khng cho nc ma ri vo v tt nht nn b tr dc theo cc hnh lang c mi che v thng xuyn qut dn v sinh trn mt bng khun vin; Xy dng tuyn mng thot nc bao quanh khu vc tip nhn cht thi rn phn loi rc tip nhn ton b lng nc r rc v nc di ra v sinh mt bng sn bi khu vc ny, sau dn vo h thng thot nc bn a n trm x l nc thi sinh tp trung gn nht; Xy dng 2 h thng thot nc ring tiu thot nc ma v cc loi nc thi nhim bn, m bo khng xy ra tnh trng ngp ng gy mt v sinh chung; Xy dng cc cng trnh x l cc b nc thi i vi nc thi sinh hot t cc khu nh v sinh trc khi thot vo h thng thot nc bn dn n trm x l nc thi tp trung; Xy dng 2 trm x l nc thi tp trung cho 2 lu vc thot nc bn vi cng sut mi trm 3.000 m3/ng t cc tiu chun x thi vo ngun loi A. 4.1.3.Cc gii php k thut v cng ngh x l nc thi 4.1.3.1.Cc cng trnh x l nc thi cc b nc thi sinh hot

i vi nc thi sinh hot t cc ngi cng trnh, bin php thch hp nht l x l cc b bng cc b t hoi 3 ngn vi cc mu m v kch c cng trnh khc nhau trc khi x vo h thng thot nc bn chung. Nguyn tc hot ng ca b ny l lng cn v phn hy k kh cn lng. Hiu qu x l theo cht l lng t 65 70% v theo BOD5 l 60 65%. Nc thi sau tip tc c dn vo h thng thu v vo h thng x l nc thi tp trung. Hnh 4 gii thiu mt kiu b t hoi 3 ngn thng dng c th c dng x l cc b nc thi t ngi cng trnh trong khu th. i vi cc resorts hay nh ngh bit th c lp ven bin c th p dng x l nc thi theo m hnh b t hoi hp khi vi x l sinh hc hiu kh theo s Hnh 5. Cng ngh x l cc b ti y c thit k hon chnh, hiu qu x l cao kt hp vi to cnh quan, thn thin mi trng vi ch trng thm m cng trnh thch hp i vi ngnh du lch. Nc thi sau x l c tn dng vo vic ti tiu cho cy trng xung quanh
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khu vc hoc x thng ra xa bin tn dng thm kh nng t lm sch ca bin nhm m bo an ton v sinh mi trng ven bin.
MT CT M M 2 1
500 MNmax 400 MNmin

3 4

10 D 7 8

1400

300 700

200 200

200

1600

200

1600

200

1000

200

M
1600

200

M C D

3400

200

Hnh 4. M hnh b t hoi 3 ngn A. Ngn cha cn v phn hy cn lng; B. Ngn lng; C. Ngn lc (ngn th ba); D. Ngn nh lng vi xi phng t ng. 1- ng dn nc thi vo b t hoi; 2- ng thng hi; 3- Hp bo v; 4- Np ht cn; 5- an b tng ct thp np b; 6- L thng hi; 7- Vt liu lc; 8- an rt nc; 9- Xi phng nh lng; 10ng dn nc thi ni vo cng thot nc chung. GHI CH: Kch thc cng trnh th hin trn hnh v c tnh ton cho lu lng nc thi 14 m3/ngy.

Kh nn

200

1600

D 600

D 400

MT BNG

bin

Hnh 5. S x l nc thi cc Resorts, nh ngh bit th 1. B t hoi hp khi vi x l sinh hc hiu kh; 2. Lc ct; 3. H sinh vt, h cnh quan; 4. X ra bin.

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4.1.3.2. Cng ngh x l nc thi cc trm x l nc thi tp trung

Nhiu dng cng ngh x l nc thi khc nhau c th c p dng x l nc thi tp trung t cc khu th. i vi khu th du lch ln bin Cn Gi, do tnh cht c th ca mt khu du lch sinh thi bin nn yu cu phi x l nc thi mc cao m bo an ton cht lng nc cho khu bi tm nhn to. Theo , cng ngh x l nc thi 2 trm x l tp trung c ngh p dng nh nhau v c th hin nh trn Hnh 6.
12 A 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8

Can ti

Bn hot tnh tun hon Bn hot tnh d 10 11 9

Nc tch Nc tch

Hnh 6. S cng ngh trm x l nc thi tp trung khu th - du lch ln bin Cn Gi 1. Song chn rc; 2. B lng ct thi kh; 2. Sn phi ct; 3. B iu ha; 4. B lng t I; 5. B Aeroten; 6. B lng t 2; 7. B lc p lc; 8. H sinh vt vi thc vt nc; 9. Trm bm nc thi (ti s dng cho ti cy xanh); 10. B nn bn; 11. Thit b p bn;12. Trm cung cp khi nn; A. Dn nc thi vo trm x l; B. Nc thi sau x l.

Cng ngh x l nc thi tp trung c phn chia thnh 3 giai on: x l bc 1, x l bc 2, x l bc cao (x l b sung) v x l bn. Giai on x l bc 1 bao gm cc cng trnh x l c hc: Song chn rc (li lc th) vn hnh th cng; B lng ct thi kh; B iu ha vi sc kh; B lng t I. Giai on x l bc 2 ch yu tp trung vo qu trnh x l sinh hc nhm loi b cc cht nhim hu c trong nc thi. Qu trnh x l sinh hc c ng dng tnh ton thit k cng ngh trong trng hp ny l qu trnh bn hot tnh (Activated sludge process) v cng trnh n v l aeroten v b lng t II; Bn hot tnh mt phn (50%) c tun hon tr li b Aeroten, cn bn hot tnh d c dn n b nn bn (10). X l bc cao (x l b sung): Nc thi sau khi x l bc 2 t b lng t II c a sang b lc p lc, sau a n h sinh hc vi thc vt nc (h ny va to cnh quan, va tch tr nc ngt sau x l ti s dng vo mc ch ti). Trm bm (9) s dn nc thi sau x l ti cy vi lu lng ti a v nc thi cn li x vo ngun tip nhn. X l bn: Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong qu trnh x l sinh hc c tun hon mt phn (50%) v b aerten v phn bn hat tnh d c a sang b nn bn trng lc nhm lm gim m cn thit ph hp vi vic kh nc cng vi cn ti t b lng t I v sau dn n b nn bn (10) v cui cng a qua thit b p bn (11) lm ro nc trong bn v bn sau c th dn n cc rung vi mc ch lm phn bon v lm mu m t canh tc.
4.2.Qun l cht thi rn Vi qui m phc v khong 20.000 ngi, hot ng ca khu th du lch bin Cn Gi trung bnh hng ngy sn sinh ra khong 18 tn rc sinh hot. y l mt khi lng rc thi kh ln, cn c qun l tt trnh nhim mi trng v khng lm nh hng n Trang 42

TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 9,Moi Trng &Tai Nguyen -2006

hot ng du lch. gii quyt tt vn rc thi trong khu th du lch, cn thnh lp mt i dch v thu gom rc cng vi vic trang b cc phng tin cha rc cng cng, cc phng tin thu gom v vn chuyn rc kp thi chuyn rc thi ra khi khu trung tm a ti khu x l rc thi. Do c im t nhin ca vng Cn Gi khng thch hp cho vic chn lp rc thi, v vy gii quyt vn rc thi ca khu vc i hi phi c qui trnh qun l chc ch, t vic ti sinh, ti s dng, lm phn compost, thiu t, Sau y xin c trnh by mt s gii php c bn c th p dng ti khu vc. cc khu du lch, cht thi rn (CTR) c th c phn loi t ngun vi hai loi: hu c v v c vi hai thng rc: mu xanh (hu c), mu (v c) hoc mt loi thng rc c thit k c kt cu trang nh c b tr ph hp trong khung cnh du lch. Vai tr ca ngi dn v khch du lch c thc tt v bo v mi trng ng vai tr quan trng trong phn loi rc ti ngun, trong khng x rc ty tin. Bn cnh l vai tr ca cc doanh nghip thng hiu, dch v du lch v cp qun l ng vai tr gng mu. Trong khu du lch, cn b tr cc thng rc c phn loi ti ch nh nu trn. Khi thc hin du lch trn thuyn len li trn sng rch chng cht ca rng ngp mn, trn thuyn s c trang b hai thng xanh, v khch du lch s c hng dn vin du lch gii thiu b rc vo thng thch hp. Cn cc t im m thc cng s kin ngh b tr 02 loi thng rc nh trn. nh k vn chuyn n a im x l la chn hp l qua cc khu: phn loi ln 2, ti ch cht hu c thnh phn compost, ti ch ti s dng giy, thy tinh, lon, v cui cng vi lng CTR cn li t nht s thc hin vic vn chuyn n bi chn lp hp v sinh a im thch hp. i vi nh dn, nht l khu bit th nh vn c th trin khai m hnh phn loi rc t ngun, sau s dng Trn qu phn hu cht hu c lm phn bn compost v bn li vn cy ca gia nh. Bn cnh cc gii php nh trn, ban qun l mi trng khu du lch cn c hnh thnh vi nhim v bo m qun l tt v mi trng cho ngnh du lch theo nh hng pht trin bn vng. Cc cn b qun l cn c trang b kin thc v qun l mi trng thng qua cc kha tp hun, hoc tuyn dng t ngun o to v ti nguyn v mi trng ti Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn, Trng i hc Bch khoa v Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin,
5. NGHA KINH T - X HI V MI TRNG CA CC GII PHP XUT 5.1. ngha kinh t, x hi Pht trin du lch sinh thi rng bin Cn Gi c ngha kinh t - x hi su sc, thng qua hat ng ny c th gii thiu vi khch du lch trong v ngai nc v truyn thng vn ha ca c dn vng t ngp nc ven bin, lch s chng ngai xm gi nc ca nhn dn Vit Nam, tinh thn mn khch ca dn a phng v m thc c trng ca vng ven bin Cn Gi. Pht trin du lch sinh thi bin Cn Gi p ng nhu cu to ln v du lch, ngh ngi, gii tr ca ngi dn thnh ph ni ring, c nc ni chung v du khch nc ngai. Ngun thu t hat ng du lch ny c th ni l rt ng k. Cng vi pht trin du lch s ko theo s pht trin a dng ca cc dch v: mua bn, nh hng, khch sn, hng lu nim, tm bin, du lch sinh thi bin, m ngi dn a phng c th tham gia. i sng ngi dn ven bin Cn Gi s khng ngng ci thin v trnh vn ha cng c nng cao. 5.2. ngha mi trng

Nhng gii php xut lin quan n nc thi, cht thi rn l thit thc v c tnh kh thi cao. Nc thi sau x l vi cng ngh xut han tan c th ti s dng cho mc ch ti cy trn a bn ca Cn Gi - vn thiu nc ngt cho ti cy nht l v ma kh. Gii php xut cn mang ngha khp kn tc l cng ngh khng c hoc rt t nc thi x
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Science & Technology Development, Enviroment &Resources, Vol..9 - 2006

ra ngun tip nhn bin, do an tan cho mi trng tm bin v bo m m quan ca khu du lch sinh thi bin. 6. KT LUN V KIN NGH Du lch Cn gi cn c pht trin mnh m v huyn Cn Gi tr thnh th du lch vi rng ngp mn ht sc hp dn du khch c th ha chung tuyn du lch: Cn gi Vng Tu Mi n mang ngha kinh t, x hi v mi trng su sc; pht trin ngnh du lch bin theo nh hng bn vng vn bo v mi trng chnh l u t cho ngnh du lch v chp hnh theo Quyt nh ca B trng B Ti Nguyn - Mi Trng v Qui ch Bo v mi trng trong lnh vc du lch v c s ng tnh cao cc a phng; Cc gii php bo v mi trng c bit l mi trng nc v cht thi rn mc d l ven bin v c ni l vng t ngp nc nhng u c th gii quyt hp l bo m pht trin bn vng ngnh du lch sinh thi bin; Vai tr ca cng ng, ca khch du lch tham gia cng tc bo v mi trng trong du lch c ngha quan trng; Hy vng Cn Gi th du lch sinh thi bin tr thnh hin thc c s quan tm ca ngnh du lch v cc cp c thm quyn p ng nguyn vng ca nhn dn, ca thnh ph v trong vng. V ch c th pht trin du lch Cn Gi mi mong nng cao i sng, nng cao dn tr v pht trin cc mt vn ha x hi ca Cn Gi. Bi hc khu du lch bin Tun Chu Qung Ninh ht sc sng ng.

FOREST AND SEA ECOTOURISM IN CANGIO - HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE TREND OF ENVIROMENTAL FRIENDLY DEVELOPMENT
Nguyen Thi Thanh My, Nguyen Thanh Hung Huynh Thi Minh Hang, Lam Minh Triet Institute for Enviroment and Resources, VNU-HCM ABSTRACT: In Hochiminh City, Can Gio district is a unique area having mangrove forests with a complex river network, characteristing for tropical river mouth. This area is capable to develop into an important tourism ecological town. Tourism becomes the most important factor to develop local socio-economy to raise life level and knowledge of the low income district of Hochiminh City. Of course, to develop sustainable tourism industry here, we should invest in environmental protection activities (this report is limited only in wastewater and solid waste domain).

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Huynh Thi Minh Hang, Nguyen Hoang Anh, 2003, Geoinformatics and Landuse planning for the wetland - Case study of Cangio Hochiminh City- South Vietnam. Environmental Informatics Archives,http://www.iseis.org/EIA/EIA2003.asp. [2]. Lm Minh Trit v cng s, 2003, nh gi tc ng mi trng cng trnh ln bin Cn Gi; [3]. Cc Mi Trng B Khoa Hc Cng Ngh v Mi Trng (1996), VIT NAM Chin lc Quc gia v Bo v v Qun l t ngp nc, K yu hi tho.
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