BO CO TM TT SEMINAR GII THUT DI TRUYN VI BI TON TI U KHU PHN THC N GIA SC Ngi trnh by: Nguyn Thu Huyn

Ngy 24/05/2012 1. Gii thiu chung v gii thut di truyn Gii thut di truyn (GA-Genetic Algorithms) l gii thut tm kim, chn la cc gii php ti u gii quyt cc bi ton thc t khc nhau, da trn c ch chn lc ca t nhin: t tp li gii ban u, thng qua nhiu bc tin ho, hnh thnh tp li gii mi ph hp hn, v cui cng dn n li gii ti u ton cc. Trong t nhin, mi c th mun tn ti v pht trin phi thch nghi vi mi trng, c th no thch nghi hn th tn ti, c th no km thch nghi th b tiu dit. Trong mi c th, cc gen lin kt vi nhau theo cu trc dng chui, gi l nhim sc th (NST). Mi NST c trng cho mi loi v quyt nh s sng cn ca c th . Do mi trng t nhin lun bin i nn cu trc NST cng thay i thch nghi vi mi trng v th h sau lun thch nghi hn th h trc. Cu trc ny c c do s trao i thng tin c tnh ngu nhin vi mi trng bn ngoi hoc gia cc NST vi nhau. T tng , cc nh khoa hc nghin cu v xy dng nn gii thut di truyn da trn c s chn lc t nhin v quy lut tin ho. Gii thut di truyn c th m t vn tt nh sau: Procedure Gii_thut_di_truyn; Begin t:=0; Khi to ngu nhin qun th P(t); nh gi ph hp tng c th trong P(t); Repeat t:=t+1; Chn cc c th t P(t - 1);

Lai to cc c th chn to ra P(t) mi; t bin cc c th trong P(t) theo xc sut pm; nh gi ph hp cc c th trong tp P(t); Until (tho iu kin dng); End; Khi gii mt bi ton bng GA cn tin hnh cc bc nh sau: B1 : M ho vn ca bi ton + Xc nh c th + Biu din c th B2 : Xc nh hm thch nghi B3 : Xc nh cc ton t di truyn (lai ghp, t bin, chn lc) cng vi cc thng s ngu nhin ca n. + Ton t lai ghp (Crossover): - Lai ghp mt im - Lai ghp hai im - Lai ghp theo php ton + Ton t t bin (Mutation): - t bin nh phn - t bin trn s - t bin trn vector + Ton t chn lc (Selection): + Mt s vn v chn tp ti sinh B4 : To qun th ban u, kch thc ti a ca qun th v tin ho qun th : nhng bc trn, ta sn sng cho vic xc nh cc yu t c trng ca qun th tng i c nh bao gm : cc c th, cc ton t di truyn (lai ghp, t bin, chn lc, ti sinh). Ti bc ny, ta s kt hp nhng ci li thnh mt gii thut di truyn c th. 2. Bi ton ti u khu phn thc n gia sc Bi ton ti u khu phn thc n gia sc c pht biu c th nh sau: Cng ty C phn thc n gia sc Thi Nguyn cn sn xut mt loi thc n gia sc cho ln con

a ra th trng tiu th. Vic sn xut thc n cho ln con theo tiu chun Vit NamTCVN 1547-1994; 1kg thc n sn xut ra cn t c cc tiu chun dinh dng sau: Protein X th 19 5 Ca 0.8 P 0.6 Lipit th 1.1

Nguyn liu sn xut thc n gm c: Ng t min bc, cm go xt my loi 1, u tng V74, kh du, bt c nht 60%. Trong , t l cc cht dinh dng ca cc nguyn liu c th hin trong bng sau:

Protein Ng Cm go u tng Kh du Bt c 10.20 11.90 39.00 45.34 61.49

Ca

P 0.0 5 1.1 7 0.1 5 6.5 1 2.0 5

Lipit th 2.60 12.35 15.00 6.03 4.05

th 1.20 0.08 8.10 0.20 5.90 0.19 6.12 0.35 0.74 5.39

M hnh bi ton nh sau: K hiu lng nguyn liu Pk trong mt n v thc n l xk. Khi xk (k=1,2n) phi tha mn rng buc sau: C11x1 + C12x2 +.C1nxn >d1 C21x1 + C22x2 +.C2nxn >d2

(1)

Cn1x1 + Cn2x2 +.Cnnxn >dn x1, x2.xn > 0

Hm gi l f1= a1x1+ a2x2+........ anxn cn t min K hiu xn+1 l s lng n v thc n c sn xut. Khi ngoi iu kin (1) ta cn thm iu kin (2): x1xn+1 b1 x2xn+1 b2 ................ xnxn+1 bn Nh vy c th pht biu bi ton l cn xc nh cc xi sao cho Hm s lng
n

(2)

f1 = xn+1 max,
f 2 = ak xk min
i =1

Hm gi: Trong :

- i vi loi nguyn liu: + Gi th trng l ak (/kg) + S lng trong kho hin c l bk (kg) + T l cc cht dinh dng trong nguyn liu: Hm lng Protein th: C1k Hm lng x th: C2k Hm lng canxi: C3k Hm lng P: C4k Hm lng Lipit th: C5k - i vi thc n: Thc n s c kim nh cht lng nu m bo ti thiu cc tiu chun: Hm lng Protein th: d1 Hm lng x th: d2 Hm lng canxi: d3 Hm lng P: d4 Hm lng Lipit th: d5

Mc tiu t ra cho bi ton l phi sn xut c thc n cho ln con t tiu chun cht lng (tiu chun Vit Nam- TCVN 1574-1994) vi gi c thp nht v s lng l nhiu nht c th. y l bi ton hai mc tiu. 3. ng dng GA gii bi ton ti u khu phn thc n gia sc Tin hnh gii bi ton bng cch s dng gii thut di truyn nh sau: - M ha: Mi c th l mt vecto nm chiu, mi thnh phn ng vi gi tr mt bin. d theo di v do s chiu khng gian nh c th s dng thm hai thnh phn na biu th gi tr cc hm mc tiu tng ng, thnh phn cui th hin gi tr lch so vi hm mc tiu chun nhp vo. Nh vy, mi c th l mt vector thc trong khng gian R8. - Khi to qun th ban u gm 50 c th - Qu trnh tin ha nh sau: Hai c th cha m c chn (ngu nhin) tin hnh lai ghp mt im to ra hai c th mi. C th mi sinh ra cnh tranh vi cha m chng. i vi gii thut di truyn c kch thc qun th c nh th trong bn c th (b, m v hai con) hai c th no c thch nghi tt hn th c gia li trong qun th th h tip theo. Ngc li th b o thi. S lng c th s khng thay i trong sut qu trnh tin ha. - S ln to sinh l 500 ln, tc l sau 500 th h cho ra kt qu v so snh kt qu ca hai gii thut trn vi nhau t rt ra kt lun. 4. Kt qu th nghim Ti lp trnh v chy th nghim hai gii thut trn bng ngn ng Matlab phin bn 7.6.0.324 v nhp d liu u vo l x1=0.18359; x2= 0.53919; x3=0.065169; x4= 0.059175; x5= 0.15288. Kt qu cho nh sau: Ln chy chng trnh 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 4.0473 4.5713 4.4768 5.3573 7.0483 92.7324 90.4783 91.7845 95.4839 92.3284 Gi tr f1 bng gii thut 1 Gi tr f2 bng gii thut 1

6th 4.2589 91.7492 th 7 3.1492 90.2383 th 8 3.7639 94.2384 9th 4.5823 90.3732 th 10 4.2578 91.7392 GA gii quyt tt c bi ton ti u khu phn thc n gia sc, n cng cho thy rng GA c th gii quyt c cc bi ton ti u khc nh bi ton ti u mt mc tiu hay a mc tiu. S thnh cng ny m ra hng pht trin ng dng ca GA sang cc bi ton quan trng khc.