Production Of BHEL

1. STEAM TURBINE 2. TRANSFORMER 3. BOILERS 4. SWITCH GEARS 5. HEAT EXCHANGERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS 6. PUMPS 7. POWER STATION CONTROL EQUIPMENT 8. INSULATORS 9. CAPACITORS 10.ENERGY METERS

Steam Turbines
By : Aanand Kumar
Mechanical Engineering Roll No. : 90061123829 Class : 7M1

What exactly is the turbine? Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy The steam turbine is steam driven rotary engine.

Some historical facts

The first turbine was made by Hero of Alexandria in the second century In the end of XVIII century the Industrial Revolution began (in 1770 first reciprocating piston steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen and invented by James Watt started its work) The first steam turbines were constructed in 1883 by Dr Gustaf de Laval and in 1884 by sir Charles Parsons In1896 Charles Curtis received a patent on impulse turbine In 1910 was created radial turbine (Ljungstrm)

Construction of steam turbines

1 steam pipeline 2 inlet control valve 3 nozzle chamber 4 nozzle-box 5 outlet 6 stator 7 blade carrier 8 casing

9 rotor disc 10 rotor 11 journal bearing 13 thrust bearing 14 generator rotor 15 coupling 16 labyrinth packing 19 steam bleeding (extraction)

21 bearing pedestal 22 safety governor 23 main oil pump 24 centrifugal governor 25 turning gear 29 control stage impulse blading

Construction of steam turbines

Construction of steam turbines

How does the steam turbine work?

Impulse stage whole pressure drop in nozzle (whole enthalpy drop is changed into kinetic energy in the nozzle) Reaction stage pressure drop both in stationary blades and in rotary blades (enthalpy drop changed into kinetic energy both in stationary blades and in the moving blades in rotor)

Classification of steam turbines

a) way of energy conversion - impulse turbines - reaction turbines

b) flow direction - axial - radial c) number of stages - single stage - multi-stage

Classification of steam turbines

Classification of steam turbines

d) rotational speed - regular - low-speed - high-speed e) inlet steam pressure - high pressure (p>6,5MPa) - intermediate pressure(2,5MPa <p<6,5MPa) - low-pressure (p<2,5MPa)

Classification of steam turbines

f) way of energy utilisation - condensing - extraction - back-pressure

Classification of steam turbines

g) application - power station - industrial - transport

Advantages of turbines

Large power achieved by relatively small size High efficiency Simple design High revolution

Break-downs could happen

 so we need experts