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XEMINA KHOA HC
NGI THC HIN: ON TH THANH THO B MN: CNG NGH TRUYN THNG
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Mc tiu
Bo co nu tm lc tng quan v h thng thng tin s v nhng yu t lm nh hng n cht lng truyn dn trong h thng thng tin s.
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NI DUNG
1 2
MO TN HIU
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nh ngha "tn hiu": l mt tp thng tin hay d liu. nh ngha tn hiu thng dng trong in t: tn hiu l mt hm ca bin thi gian trong bin thi gian l bin c lp. C nhiu cch phn loi tn hiu:
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MO TN HIU
Mo tn hiu pht sinh do sai lch gia c tnh bin -tn s v/hoc c tnh pha-tn (hay c tnh gi chm) ca hm truyn tng cng ca h thng so vi c tnh c thit k nhm trit tiu ISI trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu s (theo tiu chun Nyquist th nht). H qu l u ra h thng xut hin ISI v do BER tng.
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MO TUYN TNH
Mo tuyn tnh
Mo tuyn tnh l mo gy ra cho tn hiu bi cc phn t tuyn tnh trn knh truyn, trong cc phn t tuyn tnh l cc phn t m php ton biu din quan h u ra theo u vo tha mn tnh cht xp chng. Hay c tuyn bin vo-ra l mt ng thng.
Ni chung, cc phn t th ng trn cc knh (tr diode) u c th xem l cc phn t tuyn tnh, min l tn hiu li vo khng qu ln. Knh fading a ng do vy l mt phn t tuyn tnh, gy mo tuyn tnh tn hiu.
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MO TUYN TNH
Hm truyn tng cng ca h thng c mo tuyn tnh c dng: Trong : - C(f) l tch ca cc hm truyn ca cc b lc pht v thu c thit k nhm tha mn tiu chun Nyquist th nht. - M(f) tng qut l mt hm truyn c c tnh bin -tn s khng bng phng v/hoc c c tnh pha-tn khng tuyn tnh th hin tc ng ca cc yu t nu trn.
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MO TUYN TNH
Di tc ng ca mo, thay v ging nh phn pht, constellation tn hiu thu gm mt tp cc cm im. Vic tn ti cc cm im trn constellation ca tn hiu thu l du hiu chc chn cho thy c ISI gy bi mo tn hiu. Cm im cng rng, mo tuyn tnh cng ln.
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trong C() l hm truyn tha mn tnh cht truyn khng c ISI cn H(,t) th hin cc tc ng khng mong mun ca knh truyn. Mt cch tng qut th l mt hm ph thuc c bin thi gian.
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V bn cht, b san bng l mt mch in c mc thm vo li ra mch lc thu nhm b p cc sai lch ca hm truyn tng cng ca h thng so vi hm truyn cho php truyn khng c ISI. Ti mt thi im t no , nhn chung H(,t) c dng khng bng phng v bin , khng tuyn tnh v pha. Mch san bng c tc dng l phng c tnh bin -tn s ca H() cng nh b p nhm duy tr c tnh pha-tn tuyn tnh ca c tnh tng cng ton h thng. Mt cch tng qut, hm truyn ca mch san bng E() cn phi c thit k c dng bng 1/ H(). Khi , hm truyn tng cng ca c h thng c k n mch san bng c dng:
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b) Phn tp
- Phn tp theo khng gian l vic s dng nhiu anten thu (thng l 2 anten). Mt khi 2 anten c t cch nhau xa th vic xy ra phainh do truyn dn a ng i vi cc anten c th xem nh c lp vi nhau. Nh phn tp theo khng gian, xc sut mo tuyn tnh ng thi trn c 2 anten cng gim thp, nh vy c th lm gim tc ng ca mo.
- Bin php phn tp kinh t hn thng c s dng l phn tp theo tn s. Phn tp theo tn s c bit kinh t nu nh: (i) tuyn v tuyn c mt knh d phng; (ii) knh d phng ny cho mt hiu qu ci thin tha ng khi c s dng nh knh phn tp. - Phn tp gc, trong trn cng mt anten ngi ta b tr hai hay nhiu u thu sng nhm hng cc sng truyn ti anten thu theo nhiu gc ti khc nhau
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d) M ha chng nhiu
Cc li bt gy nn do san bng v phn tp khng trit tiu c hon ton ISI cn c th c sa tip bng cc m chng nhiu.
V bn cht, m ha chng nhiu vi cc phn t d dng pht hin v sa cc bt li. Tr gi ca phng php ny l vic tng tc bt truyn dn v do m rng ph chim ca tn hiu.
e) Tri ph
Thc hin tri rng ph tn hiu cn truyn phn pht v nn (gii tri) ph phn thu. Trn c s ny cho php h thng lin lc tt trong cc iu kin c nhiu mnh, thm ch che du tn hiu chm vo trong nn nhiu, nh i phng thm ch rt kh pht hin c khi no c, khi no khng truyn tin.
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MO PHI TUYN
Mo phi tuyn gy bi cc phn t phi tuyn (khng tha mn tnh cht xp chng, c c tuyn vo-ra l mt ng khng thng).
Cc ngun gy mo Cc mch khuch i cng sut nh (mo phi tuyn c th b qua) Cc mch khuch i cng sut ln (HPA) Mch trn (mixer) s dng diode Mch hn bin
Tnh phi tuyn ca knh truyn c th gy bi nhiu loi mch in trong h thng nh cc b khuch i, cc b trn tn, cc b hn bin v nhiu loi mch in khc. Cc b khuch i cng sut nh v cc mch trn tn nhn chung c phi tuyn khng ng k v hon ton c th b qua mo phi tuyn gy bi chng, trong khi cc b khuch i cng sut (KCS) my pht c cng sut kh ln li gy nn nhng mo phi tuyn khng th b qua c.
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- Biu
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K THUT MO TRC Nhim v ca b mo trc l o chc nng phi tuyn ca b khuch i cng sut cao HPA. Phn loi theo cch sa i tn hiu truyn i v cc cng ngh ng dng. - Mo trc tn hiu - Mo trc d liu - Mo trc tng t - Mo trc s
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K THUT MO TRC
Nguyn l mo trc Nhim v ca b mo trc l o chc nng phi tuyn ca b khuch i cng sut cao HPA, nh vy tng p ng ca hai thit b l tuyn tnh.
Uplink Channel
IMUX
x(t)
SP
y(t)
HPA
z(t)
OMUX
Downlink Channel
NU(t)
ND(t)
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k a
TE()=C().H().E()=C(): hm truyn h thng khi c san bng Trong : C() l hm truyn khi khng c ISI H() th hin cc tc ng khng mong mun ca knh lin tc E() hm truyn ca mch san bng = 1/H() Do cc knh v tinh c c tnh bin i kh r rt theo thi gian nn ti cc thi gian nn ti cc thi im khc nhau H(,t) c th c dng khc nhau do vy cc mch san bng cn phi hot ng theo mt thut ton cho php iu chnh E(,t) bm theo s bin i ca H(,t).
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Tn hiu phc T n h p h c
(M -Q A M M ))
Quyt nh
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Constellation ca tn hiu 4-QAM ti u ra mch san bng tuyn tnh s dng thut ton LMS
Constellation 4-QAM ti u ra mch san bng Nron s dng thut ton lan truyn ngc BP.
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KT LUN
- Bo co trnh by tng quan v h thng thng tin s, mo tn hiu trong h thng v nhng gii php khc phc. - Bo co mang tnh trnh by tm lc v l thuyt thng tin ch cha i su nghin cu c th tng loi mo.
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1. TS.Nguyn Quc Bnh, K thut truyn dn s, NXB QND 2. Proakis J.G v Salehi M, TS.Nguyn Quc Bnh (dch), Cc h thng thng tin hin nay, HV KTQS 3. Digital Transmission Theory, Mc Grow Hill, 1987 4. John G Proakis McGraw Hill,Digital communications fourth edition
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