Hc vin k thut qun s B mn Gia cng p lc inh B Tr - hong vn li

Hng dn s dng ansys

Phn I

H ni 2003

Hc vin k thut qun s B mn gia cng p lc- khoa c kh inh B Tr - hong vn li

Hng dn s dng ansys

phn I

H ni 2003

Li ni u Gii bi ton c hc l mt vic v cng cn thit nhng rt kh khn. Nhiu bi ton ln, gii vi m hnh s, cn s dng rt nhiu bin v cc iu kin bin phc tp, vi khng gian nhiu chiu, vic gii bng tay l mt vic khng th thc hin c. Nhng nm gn y, nh s pht trin ca cc cng c ton cng vi s pht trin ca my tnh in t, thit lp v dn dn hon thin cc phn mm cng nghip, s dng gii cc bi ton c hc vt rn, c hc thu kh, cc bi ton ng, bi ton tng minh v khng tng minh, cc bi ton tuyn tnh v phi tuyn, cc bi ton v trng in t, bi ton tng tc a trng vt l. ANSYS l mt phn mm mnh c pht trin v ng dng rng r i trn th gii, c th p ng cc yu cu ni trn ca c hc. Trong tnh ton thit k c kh, phn mm ANSYS c th lin kt vi cc phn mm thit k m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D phn tch trng ng sut, bin dng, trng nhit , tc dng chy, c th xc nh c mn, mi v ph hu ca chi tit. Nh vic xc nh , c th tm cc thng s ti u cho cng ngh ch to. ANSYS cn cung cp phng php gii cc bi ton c vi nhiu dng m hnh vt liu khc nhau: n hi tuyn tnh, n hi phi tuyn, n do, n nht, do, do nht, chy do, vt liu siu n hi, siu do, cc chy lng v cht kh Nm 2000, NXB Khoa hc v K thut xut bn cun Hng dn ANSYS phin bn 5.0. Sch ra i p ng mt phn nhu cu khai thc s dng phn mm ANSYS gii cc bi ton c cc trng i hc H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nhiu bn c gi th yu cu tc gi vit tip cc ti liu hng dn ANSYS dng trong WINDOWS. p ng yu cu ca vic ng dng cc phn mm cng nghip tnh ton cc

bi ton c, tc gi bin son v xut bn cun sch vi nhiu tp khc nhau. Trc mt xin ra mt bn c cc 3 tp, tng ng vi cc phn sau: Phn I. Hng dn s dng cc lnh. Phn I c mc tiu cc bn c lm quen vi cc lnh v giao din ca ANSYS, cc tin ch v cc cng c. nm c cc lnh , ti liu gii thiu cch s dng cc lnh gii bi ton kt cu v cc bi gii c th v thanh v dm. Phn II. Hng dn gii cc bi ton k thut v c hc. Mc tiu gip bn c hiu c cch s dng Menu, phng php gii mt s bi ton in hnh trong tnh ton cc bi ton c v trong tnh ton thit k c kh. Phn III. Hng dn s dng ANSYS Mechanical. Mc tiu gip cc bn c nm c cch s dng mun dng chung trong c kh dng gii cc bi ton trng ng sut v bin dng c nhit, dao ng. Cc phn khc s c bin son v xut bn trong thi gian tip theo. Cc tc gi c hy vng cung cp cho cc k s thit k ch to c kh, cc nh nghin cu tnh ton c hc vt rn v c hc thu kh, cc nghin cu sinh, hc sinh cao hc v i hc chuyn ngnh c ni chung v c kh ch to, mt ti liu i vo mt cng ngh tnh ton thit k mi v khai thc c hiu qu mt phn mm cng nghip. Tc gi rt mong s ng gp kin ca tt c cc bn c trong ton quc. Th gi theo a ch: inh B Tr, Khoa C kh, Hc vin K thut Qun s, 100 ng Hong Quc Vit, H Ni hoc gi th in t theo a ch: dinh_ba_tru@yahoo.com. Cc tc gi

Chng 1 gii thiu chung phn mm ANSYS 1.1 Gii thiu chung ANSYS l mt trong nhiu chng trnh phn mm cng nghip, s dng phng php Phn t hu hn - PTHH (FEM) phn tch cc bi ton vt l - c hc, chuyn cc phng trnh vi phn, phng trnh o hm ring t dng gii tch v dng s, vi vic s dng phng php ri rc ha v gn ng gii. Nh ng dng phng php phn t hu hn, cc bi ton k thut v c, nhit, thu kh, in t, sau khi m hnh ho v xy dng m hnh ton hc, cho php gii chng vi cc iu kin bin c th vi s bc t do ln. Trong bi ton kt cu (Structural), phn mm ANSYS dng gii cc bi ton trng ng sut - bin dng, trng nhit cho cc kt cu. Gii cc bi ton dng tnh, dao ng, cng hng, bi ton n nh, bi ton va p, bi ton tip xc. Cc bi ton c gii cho cc dng phn t kt cu thanh, dm, 2D v 3D, gii cc bi ton vi cc vt liu n hi, n hi phi tuyn, n do l tng, do nht, n nht.. Trc ht, cn chn c kiu phn t, ph hp vi bi ton cn gii. ANSYS cung cp trn 200 kiu phn t khc nhau. Mi kiu phn t, tng ng vi mt dng bi ton. Khi chn mt phn t, b lc s chn cc mun tnh ton ph hp, v a ra cc yu cu v vic nhp cc tham s tng ng gii. ng thi vic chn phn t, ANSYS yu cu chn dng bi ton ring cho tng phn t. Vic tnh ton cn ph thuc vo vt liu. Mi bi ton cn a m hnh vt liu, cn xc lp r l vt liu n hi hay do, l vt liu tuyn tnh hay phi tuyn, vi mi vt liu, cn nhp cc thng s vt l ca vt liu. ANSYS l phn mm gii cc bi ton bng phng php s, chng gii trn m hnh hnh hc thc. V vy, cn a vo m tnh hnh hc ng. ANSYS cho

php xy dng cc m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D, vi cc kch thc thc, hnh dng c gin n ho hoc m hnh nh vt tht. ANSYS c kh nng m phng theo m hnh hnh hc vi cc im, ng, din tch, v m hnh phn t hu hn vi cc nt v phn t. Hai dng m hnh c trao i v thng nht vi nhau tnh ton. ANSYS l phn mm gii bi ton bng phng php phn t hu hn (PTHH), nn sau khi dng m hnh hnh hc, ANSYS cho php chia li phn t do ngi s dng chn hoc t ng chia li. S lng nt v phn t quyt nh n chnh xc ca bi ton, nn cn chia li cng nh cng tt. Nhng vic chia nh phn t ph thuc nng lc tng phn mm. Nu s dng phin bn cng nghip, s nt v phn t c th n con s hng trm ngn, phin bn i hc, n chc ngn, phin bn sinh vin n hng ngn. gii mt bi ton bng phn mm ANSYS, cn a vo cc iu kin ban u v iu kin bin cho m hnh hnh hc. Cc rng buc v cc ngoi lc hoc ni lc (lc, chuyn v, nhit , mt ) c a vo ti tng nt, tng phn t trong m hnh hnh hc. Sau khi xc lp cc iu kin bi ton, gii chng, ANSYS cho php chn cc dng bi ton. Khi gii cc bi ton phi tuyn, vn t ra l s hi t ca bi ton. ANSYS cho php xc lp cc bc lp gii bi ton lp vi chnh xc cao. theo di bc tnh, ANSYS cho biu quan h cc bc lp v hi t. Cc kt qu tnh ton c ghi lu vo cc File d liu. Vic xut cc d liu c tnh ton v lu tr, ANSYS c h hu x l rt mnh, cho php xut d liu di dng th, nh , c th quan st trng ng sut v bin dng, ng thi cng cho php xut kt qu di dng bng s.

Vic ANSYS c h hu x l mnh, em li mt th mnh, cc phn mm khc phi x dng ANSYS l mt phn mm lin kt x l phn tch trng ng sut - bin dng v cc thng s vt l khc. Ti liu ny trnh by b sung cc k thut mi ca ANSYS 10~11, nn Bn c cn tham kho cun sch Hng dn ANSYS NXB KHKT, 2000. 1.2 Cc c im ca phn mm ANSYS Yu cu i vi phn cng my tnh c nhn Phn mm ANSYS, phin bn ANSYS 10~11 chy trn my PC trong mi trng Windows XP hoc Windows NT . Cu hnh my ti thiu cho phin bn ANSYS 10~11 l: - Pentium Pro, Pentium 3~4. - B nh (RAM): 128 MB tr ln. - cng: d ti thiu l 500MB. - Chut: 100% tng thch vi cc phin bn ca cc h iu hnh nu. - ha: Cc h iu hnh Windows XP, Windows 2000, v Windows NT u h tr cho card ha, c kh nng h tr phn gii ca mn hnh l 1024768 High Color (16-bit mu), v h tr cho mn hnh 17 inch (hoc hn) cng vi card ha tng ng. 1.3 cc c im khc Cc thuc tnh trnh din ca ANSYS - ANSYS Features Demonstrated. Danh mc cc thuc tnh ng lu c trnh din trong phn m t bi ton v li gii. Chn ch phn tch - Analysis Options

Chn ch phn tch in hnh l phng php gii, cng phn t (stress stiffening), chn phng php lp trong bi ton phi tuyn Newton-Raphson . Kiu phn tch - Analysis Types Cc kiu phn tch c dng trong ANSYS: phn tch Tnh (static), phn tch dao ng ring (modal), dao ng iu ho (harmonic), phn tch bi ton qu (transient), phn tch ph (spectrum), phn tch n nh (eigenvalue buckling), v cu trc con (substructuring) vi bi ton tuyn tnh v phi tuyn. Phm vi s dng cc sn phm ANSYS Phn mm ANSYS c cc m un sn phm ring bit sau: ANSYS/Multiphysics, ANSYS/Mechanical, ANSYS/Professional, ANSYS/Structural, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, ANSYS/LinearPlus, ANSYS/Thermal, ANSYS/Emag, ANSYS/FLOTRAN, ANSYS/PrepPost. ANSYS CFX, ANSYS PTD, ANSYS TASPCB, ANSYS ICEM CFD, ANSYS AI*Environment,

ANSYS DesignXplorer, ANSYS DesignModeler, ANSYS DesignXplorer VT, ANSYS BladeModeler, ANSYS TurboGrid, ANSYS AUTODYN

S dng tr gip Help Cc thng tin trong phn tr gip ca ANSYS c vit theo cc tiu , d tra cu v s dng. Ton t logc Boolean Ton t Boolean Operations (da trn c s i s Boolean) cung cp cng c c th ghp cc d liu khi dng cc ton t logic nh: cng, tr, chn.... Ton t Boolean c gi tr khi dng m hnh vt rn Th tch, Din tch, ng ( volume, area, and line). Trc tip to phn t nh ngha phn t bng cch trc tip nh ngha nt. Phm vi ng dng khoa hc Discipline C 5 lnh vc khoa hc c th gii bng phn mm ANSYS: Kt cu-C hc (Structural), Nhit T (Thermal), (Magnetic), in (Electric), Thu kh (Fluid).

Nhng ANSYS cn cho php gii cc bi ton tng tc a trng vt l, do cc trng Vt l thng tc dng cp i, nh nhit v chuyn v trong phn tch ng sut -nhit. Chn phn t - Element Options Nhiu kiu phn t c chn phn t c xc nh vt th nh vy l cc phn t vi cc hnh vi v chc nng, phn t cho kt qu c chn in ra. Kiu phn t c dng - Element Types Used Cn ch r phn t c dng trong bi ton. Khong 200 kiu phn t trong ANSYS. Ta c th chn mt kiu phn t vi cc c tnh, trong , xc lp s bc t do DOF (nh chuyn v, nhit ...) cho cc hnh c trng nh ng, hnh t gic, hnh khi hp, cc hnh nm trong khng gian 2-D hoc 3D, tng ng vi h thng to . Cc phn t bc cao - Higher Order Elements Phn t vi cc nt bc cao c hm dng t gic v cc gi tr bc t do. l cc phn t gn ng, dng trong cc bi ton vi giao din theo bc. Thi gian c ly thi gian ca h thng my tnh.. Tn bi ton - JobName Tn File c t ring cho tng bi, nhng c gi tr trong cc phn tch ANSYS. Phn kiu Jobname.ext, trong ext l kiu File do ANSYS nh tu tnh cht ca d liu c ghi. Tn File c t tu yu cu ngi dng. Nu khng t tn ring, ANSYS mc nh tn l FILE.*. Mc kh - Level of Difficulty C 3 mc : d, trung bnh v kh. Cc bi ton kh c th chuyn thnh d, khi s dng bi ton tnh theo bc. Tnh cht in hnh

ca advanced ANSYS c dng nh cc bi ton phi tuyn, macro hoc advanced postprocessing. Tham chiu - Preferences Hp thoi "Preferences" cho php chn cc lnh vc k thut theo yu cu vi vic lc chn thc n: Kt cu, nhit, in t, thu kh. Mc nh, thc n chn a ra tt c cc lnh vc, cc lnh vc khng s dng c n m. Vic chn c tin hnh bng nh du. Th d, chn mc kt cu, th cc mc khc c n. Tin x l - Preprocessing L pha phn tch nhp m hnh hnh hc, vt liu, kiu phn t... Hu x l - Postprocessing ANSYS phn tch theo pha, ta c th xem li cc kt qu phn tch nh cc hnh nh mu v cc bng s liu. Hu x l chung (POST1) c dng phn tch kt qu ti mt bc nh trn ton b m hnh vt th. Hu x l theo thi gian (POST26) c dng nghin cu cc kt qu ti cc im c bit trong m hnh trn ton b thi gian cc bc. Gii - Solution L pha phn tch ca ANSYS, trong xc nh kiu phn tch v chn, t ti v chn ti, khi ng gii phn t hu hn.Mc nh l phn tch tnh. M hnh hnh hc Trc ht nh ngha hnh dng hnh hc cho ANSYS, nh nh ngha mt hnh ch nht, c th nh ngha theo din tch, theo 4 cnh, theo 4 im. Hng s thc - Real Constants

Cung cp b sung cc tham s c trng mt ct hnh hc cho kiu phn t, nhng thng tin khng th nhp c vo cc nt. Nh, phn t v shell l chiu dy v mng, phn t dm l din tch mt ct, m men qun tnh mt ct. Cc tnh cht ny c nhp tu theo kiu phn t yu cu. Thuc tnh vt liu -Material Properties Thuc tnh vt l ca vt liu nh mun n hi, mt , lun c lp vi tham s hnh hc. Nn, chng khng gn vi kiu phn t. Thuc tnh vt liu quy nh gii ma trn phn t, nn d dng chng c gn cho tng kiu phn t. Tu thuc ng dng, thuc tnh vt liu c th l tuyn tnh, phi tuyn, hoc ng hng. Cng nh kiu phn t v hng s c trng hnh dng, cn phi t thuc tnh vt liu nhiu ln, tu theo vt liu. Mt lm vic - Working Plane (WP) L mt mt tng tng vi gc to , dng xc lp cc tham s hnh hc cc b. Trong h to 2-D (H cc hay to cc), mt lm vic c bm theo tng tham s to . Dng nh v mt i tng ca m hnh. Gc to ca mt lm vic chun nm trng gc to ton cc, gc to ca cc mt lm vic t chn. Gia gc to trn mt lm vic chun (ton th) c quan h vi gc to cc b nm trn h mt lm vic cc b. 1.4 Cc phn t: Cc kiu phn t STRUCTURE: SPAR: BEAM: Phn t cu trc Phn t thanh Phn t dm

PIPE

Phn t ng Phn t khi c 2D Phn t khi c 3D Phn t tm v Phn t c bit Phn t tip xc Phn t thanh :Phn t Thanh 2D : :Phn t Thanh 3D : : Phn t Thanh phi tuyn LINK1 LINK8 LINK10 BEAM3 BEAM4

2D SOLIDS: 3D SOLID: SHELL : SPECLTY: CONTACT: SPAR 2D-SPAR 3D-SPAR BILINEAR BEAM

: Phn t dm 2D-ELAST : PT Dm n hi 2D i xng 3D- ELAST : PT Dm n hi 3D, 2~3 nt

2D- TAPER : PT Dm thon 2 nt n hi 2D BEAM54 3D-TAPER : PT Dm thon 2 nt khng i xng,3D BEAM44 2D-PLAST : PT Dm do 2D2 nt PIPE TEE ELBOW :Phn t ng STRAIGHT : PT ng thng 3D 2 nt n hi PIP16 : PT ng T 3D, 4 nt n hi PIP17 : PT ng cong 3 D 3 nt n hi PIP18 PIP20 PIP59 BEAM23 THIN WALL : PT thnh mng 3 nt dm do BEAM24

PLASTSTR : PT ng thng do 3D, 2 nt IMMORSED 2D-SOLID : PT ng mm hoc cp

PLASTELBOW: PT ng cong do 3D 3 nt PIP60 :Phn t khi c 2D

2D-ELAST : Phn t khi c 2D n hi 8NodQuad : Phn t 2D, 8 nt kt cu t din PLANE82

4NodQuad :Phn t 2D, 4 nt kt cu, t din PLANE42 Triangle HYPER : Phn t 2D, 6 nt, kt cu tam gic PLANE2 HYPER74 HYPER6 HYPER84 VISCO Nht VISCO88 VISCO108 VISCO106 8NodQuad Phn t 2D, 8 nt t din, nht 8NodPlas Phn t 2D, 8 nt, t din do nht 4NodPlas Phn t 2D, 4 nt , t din do nht HARMONIC 4NodQuad 3D-SOLID GENERAL Brick: Phn t 2D iu ho Phn t 4 nt, Cu trc i xng trc PLANE25 Phn t vt c 3D Phn t 3D SOLID95 SOLID45 SOLID92 SOLID92 SOLID72 HYPER58 HYPER86 PT Khi 3D, 8 nt, hp, cu trc Siu n hi 8 NodMixd :Phn t 2D, 8nt, siu n hi 4NodMixd :Phn t 2D, 4 nt, siu n hi

8NodQuad :Phn t 2 D, 8 nt t din, siu n hi

8NodQuad Phn t 8 nt, i xng, iu ho t din PLANE83

20NodBri: PT Khi 3D, 20 nt, hp,cu trc Tetrahod : PT Khi 3D, 10 nt, chp, cu trc RotBrick: PT Khi 3D ,8 nt, hp c DOF quay RotTetra : PT Khi 4 nt, chp quay HYPER Brick VISCO : nht PT khi hp c siu do PlasBrck: : Siu n hi : PT 3D, 8 nt, khi hp, siu do Mixbri : PT 3D, 8 nt khi hp, siu n hi

VISCO107

ANISOTRP: Khi khng ng nht

AnisoBri: PT Khi khng ng nht 3D, 8 nt, hp SOLID64 ReinBri : PT Khi hp, b tn c gia c SOLID65 LayerBri : PT Khi 3D, 8 nt, hp, cu trc lp SHELL :Phn t dng tm- v PT tm in- t, 8 nt, n hi PT tm in-t , 4 nt, do PT mng, in t, 4 nt SHELL93 SHELL63 SHELL41 8NodQuad: 4NodQuad: PlastQua: MemBrame: SPECTLY: SOLID46

PT tm in- t, 4 nt, do SHELL43

ShearPnl :PT tm, in t, 4 nt, Panel, un/xon SHELL28 Phn t hn hp Phn t 3D, 5 nt, lin kt khp PT cp i , 2 nt, dng chy ng PT 1 nt, Khi lng, cu trc : PT tip xc im-mt 2D PT tip xc im-mt 3D : T tip xcim-im 3D :PT tip xc mt cng Phn t nhit Phn t nhit vi truyn nhit gia 2 im PT thanh Dn nhit 2D PT thanh Dn nhit 3D PT 2 nt i lu LINK32 LINK33 LINK34 COMBIN7 LINK11 FUID38 MASS21 CONTAC48 CONTAC49 CONTAC52 CONTAC26 PINJIONT: FLUIDCPL: MATRIX: MASS: 2DPtSurf 3DPtSuf : 2DPntPnt 3DPntPnt RigidSur THERMAL LINK 2DCnDuct 3DCnDuct CONVert

ACTUATOR: Phn t kch ng

PT 2 nt, cng hp, cn, ma trn MATRIX27

CONTACT: Phn t tip xc

: PT tip xc im-im 2D, ma st CONTAC12

Radiate 2D SOLID 8Nod Quad 4 Nod Quad Triangle NodHarm 4NodHarm 3D SOLID 20NodBri Brick Tetrahed FLUID

PT Bc x nhit Phn t nhit c 2D PT 2D, 8 nt, T gic PT 2D, 4 nt, T gic PT 2D, 6 nt, Tam gic PT 8 nt, i xng trc iu ho PT 4 nt, i xng trc iu ho Phn t c 3 D PT 3D, 20 nt, hp c PT 3D, 8 nt, hp c PT 3D, 10 nt hp c khi chp Phn t cht lng

LINK31 PLANE77 PLANE55 PLANE78 PLANE78 PLANE75 SOLID90 SOLID70 SOLID87 FLUID79 FLUID80 FLUID81 FLUID66 FLUID29 FLUID30 SOLID96 PLANE53 INFIN9 INFIN47 SOURC36

2D Quad PT 2D, 4 nt, t din dng chy 3D Brick PT 3D, 8 nt khi hp

HARMONIC PT 4 nt i xng, iu ho,dng chy PIPE Flow PT 3D, 4 nt, truyn nhit - truyn khi 2D Acoust 3D Acoust 3D SOLID 8NodQuad 2DBound 3DBound SurSourc Other PT 2D, 4 nt, dng chy, di m PT 3D, 8 nt, dng chy, di m PT 3D cp i in - T PT 2D, 8 nt, cp i in-T PT 2D, bin v hn PT 3D, bin v hn PT ngun b mt PT phn tch t, ti cc im khc nhau

2D FLOW PT 2D, ng tham s, khi c,Nhit-Lng FLUID15

MAGNETIC Phn t t

MULTIFLD Phn t a trng

3D-LINK PT 3D, 2 nt cp i, in-Nhit, 1 chiu LINK68 MultQuad PT 2D c, cp i, Nhit-in ThElQuad PT 2D, 4 nt, c,cp i Nhit-in MultBrck PT 3D, 8 nt, c, cp i ThElBrck PT 3D, 8 nt, c, cp i Nhit-in Tetrahed PT 10 nt, chp,T-Nhit-Cu trc-in GENERAL M hnh phn t t hp COMBIN14 COMBIN40 ForcDefl PT 2 nt, phi tuyn, Lc tp trung-Un-L xo COMBIN39 Control PT iu khin 2DSurf PT 2D hiu ng b mt 3DSurf PT 3D hiu ng b mt Substruc PT cu trc con v siu phn t COMBIN37 SURF19 SURF22 MATRIX50 SprngDmp PT 2 nt, l xo, cn dc/xon PLAN13 PLAN67 SOLID5 SOLID69 SOLID98

Combinat PT 3D, 2 nt, t hp L xo-Khi lng-Cn-GAP

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description BEAM3 - 2-D Elastic Beam BEAM4 - 3-D Elastic Beam BEAM23 - 2-D Plastic Beam BEAM24 - 3-D Thin-walled Beam BEAM44 - 3-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam BEAM54 - 2-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam BEAM161 - Explicit 3-D Beam BEAM188 - 3-D Finite Strain Beam

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description BEAM189 - 3-D Finite Strain Beam CIRCU94 - Piezoelectric Circuit CIRCU124 - General Circuit CIRCU125 - Common or Zener Diode COMBIN7 - Revolute Joint COMBIN14 - Spring-Damper COMBIN37 - Control COMBIN39 - Nonlinear Spring COMBIN40 - Combination COMBI165 - Explicit Spring-Damper CONTAC12 - 2-D Point-to-Point Contact CONTAC26 - 2-D Point-to-Ground Contact CONTAC48 - 2-D Point-to-Surface Contact CONTAC49 - 3-D Point-to-Surface Contact CONTAC52 - 3-D Point-to-Point Contact CONTA171 - 2-D 2-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact CONTA172 - 2-D 3-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact CONTA173 - 3-D 4-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact CONTA174 - 3-D 8-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact CONTA178 - 3-D Node-to-Node Contact FLUID29 - 2-D Acoustic Fluid

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description FLUID30 - 3-D Acoustic Fluid FLUID38 - Dynamic Fluid Coupling FLUID79 - 2-D Contained Fluid FLUID80 - 3-D Contained Fluid FLUID81 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid FLUID116 - Thermal-Fluid Pipe FLUID129 - 2-D Infinite Acoustic FLUID130 - 3-D Infinite Acoustic FLUID141 - 2-D Fluid-Thermal FLUID142 - 3-D Fluid-Thermal HF118 - 2-D High-Frequency Quadrilateral Solid HF119 - 3-D Tetrahedral High-Frequency Solid HF120 - 3-D Brick/Wedge High-Frequency Solid HYPER56 - 2-D 4-Node Mixed U-P Hyperelastic Solid HYPER58 - 3-D 8-Node Mixed U-P Hyperelastic Solid HYPER74 - 2-D 8-Node Mixed U-P Hyperelastic Solid HYPER84 - 2-D Hyperelastic Solid HYPER86 - 3-D Hyperelastic Solid HYPER158 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Mixed U-P Hyperelastic Solid INFIN9 - 2-D Infinite Boundary

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description INFIN47 - 3-D Infinite Boundary INFIN110 - 2-D Infinite Solid INFIN111 - 3-D Infinite Solid INTER115 - 3-D Magnetic Interface INTER192 - 2-D 4-Node Linear Interface INTER193 - 2-D 6-Node Linear Interface INTER194 - 3-D 16-Node Quadratic Interface INTER195 - 3-D 8-Node Linear Interface LINK1 - 2-D Spar (or Truss) LINK8 - 3-D Spar (or Truss) LINK10 - Tension-only or Compression-only Spar LINK11 - Linear Actuator LINK31 - Radiation Link LINK32 - 2-D Conduction Bar LINK33 - 3-D Conduction Bar LINK34 - Convection Link LINK68 - Thermal-Electric Line LINK160 - Explicit 3-D Spar (or Truss) LINK167 - Explicit Tension-Only Spar LINK180 - 3-D Finite Strain Spar (or Truss) MASS21 - Structural Mass

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description MASS71 - Thermal Mass MASS166 - Explicit 3-D Structural Mass MATRIX27 - Stiffness, Damping, or Mass Matrix MATRIX50 - Superelement (or Substructure) MESH200 - Meshing Facet PIPE16 - Elastic Straight Pipe PIPE17 - Elastic Pipe Tee PIPE18 - Elastic Curved Pipe (Elbow) PIPE20 - Plastic Straight Pipe PIPE59 - Immersed Pipe or Cable PIPE60 - Plastic Curved Pipe (Elbow) PLANE2 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Structural Solid PLANE13 - 2-D Coupled-Field Solid PLANE25 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Structural Solid PLANE35 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Thermal Solid PLANE42 - 2-D Structural Solid PLANE53 - 2-D 8-Node Magnetic Solid PLANE55 - 2-D Thermal Solid PLANE67 - 2-D Thermal-Electric Solid PLANE75 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Thermal Solid PLANE77 - 2-D 8-Node Thermal Solid

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description PLANE78 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Thermal Solid PLANE82 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid PLANE83 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Structural Solid PLANE121 - 2-D 8-Node Electrostatic Solid PLANE145 - 2-D Quadrilateral Structural Solid p-Element PLANE146 - 2-D Triangular Structural Solid p-Element PLANE162 - Explicit 2-D Structural Solid PLANE182 - 2-D 4-Node Structural Solid PLANE183 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid PRETS179 - 2-D/3-D Pre-tension SHELL28 - Shear/Twist Panel SHELL41 - Membrane Shell SHELL43 - 4-Node Plastic Large Strain Shell SHELL51 - Axisymmetric Structural Shell SHELL57 - Thermal Shell SHELL61 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Structural Shell SHELL63 - Elastic Shell SHELL91 - Nonlinear Layered Structural Shell SHELL93 - 8-Node Structural Shell SHELL99 - Linear Layered Structural Shell SHELL143 - 4-Node Plastic Small Strain Shell

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description SHELL150 - 8-Node Structural Shell p-Element SHELL157 - Thermal-Electric Shell SHELL163 - Explicit Thin Structural Shell SHELL181 - Finite Strain Shell SOLID5 - 3-D Coupled-Field Solid SOLID45 - 3-D Structural Solid SOLID46 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Structural Solid SOLID62 - 3-D Magneto-Structural Solid SOLID64 - 3-D Anisotropic Structural Solid SOLID65 - 3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid SOLID69 - 3-D Thermal-Electric Solid SOLID70 - 3-D Thermal Solid SOLID87 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Thermal Solid SOLID90 - 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid SOLID92 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid SOLID95 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid SOLID96 - 3-D Magnetic Scalar Solid SOLID97 - 3-D Magnetic Solid SOLID98 - Tetrahedral Coupled-Field Solid SOLID117 - 3-D 20-Node Magnetic Solid SOLID122 - 3-D 20-Node Electrostatic Solid

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description SOLID123 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid SOLID127 - 3-D Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid p-Element SOLID128 - 3-D Brick Electrostatic Solid p-Element SOLID147 - 3-D Brick Structural Solid p-Element SOLID148 - 3-D Tetrahedral Structural Solid p-Element SOLID164 - Explicit 3-D Structural Solid SOLID185 - 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid SOLID186 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid SOLID187 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid SOLID191 - 3-D 20-Node Layered Structural Solid SOURC36 - Current Source SURF151 - 2-D Thermal Surface Effect SURF152 - 3-D Thermal Surface Effect SURF153 - 2-D Structural Surface Effect SURF154 - 3-D Structural Surface Effect TARGE169 - 2-D Target Segment TARGE170 - 3-D Target Segment TRANS109 - 2-D Electro-Mechanical Solid TRANS126 - Electro-structural Transducer VISCO88 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoelastic Solid VISCO89 - 3-D 20-Node Viscoelastic Solid

Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description VISCO106 - 2-D 4-Node Large Strain Solid VISCO107 - 3-D 8-Node Large Strain Solid VISCO108 - 2-D 8-Node Large Strain Solid 1.5 Cc tham s trong ANSYS Nhn Label Th nguyn Units ngha Description Mun n hi theo hng x EX ca phn t Elastic modulus, element x direction Mun n hi theo hng y EY Lc/ Din tch Force/Area ca phn t Elastic modulus, element y direction Mun n hi theo hng z EZ ca phn t Elastic modulus, element z direction H s Poisson ln trn mt xPRXY Khng None y Major Poisson's ratio, x-y plane

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units

ngha Description H s Poisson ln trn mt y-

PRYZ

z Major Poisson's ratio, y-z plane H s Poisson ln trn mt z-

PRXZ

x Major Poisson's ratio, x-z plane H s Poisson nh trn mt

NUXY

x-y Minor Poisson's ratio, x-y plane H s Poisson nh trn mt

NUYZ

y-z Minor Poisson's ratio, y-z plane H s Poisson nh trn mt

NUXZ

x-z Minor Poisson's ratio, x-z plane

GXY

Lc/ din tch Force/Area

Mun trt, trn mt x-y Shear modulus, x-y plane Mun trt, trn mt y-z Shear modulus, y-z plane

GYZ

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units GXZ

ngha Description Mun trt, trn mt x-z Shear modulus, x-z plane H s d n n nhit theo hng x ca phn t

ALPX

Coefficient of thermal expansion, element x direction H s d n n nhit theo

ALPY

Bin dng/ Nhit Strain/Temp

hng y ca phn t Coefficient of thermal expansion, element y direction H s d n n nhit theo hng z ca phn t

ALPZ

Coefficient of thermal expansion, element z direction Nhit Temp Nhit tham chiu lm gc Reference temperature (as a property) [TREF] H s ma st - Coefficient of

REFT

MU

Khng None

friction (or, for FLUID29 and FLUID30 elements, boundary admittance)

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units

ngha Description Ma trm h m

DAMP

Thi gian Time

K matrix multiplier for damping [BETAD]

DENS

Khi lng/ th tch Mass/Vol

Mt khi Mass density H s dn nhit theo hng x

KXX

phn t Thermal conductivity, element x direction Nhit* Chiu di H s dn nhit theo hng y phn t Thermal conductivity, element y direction H s dn nhit theo hng z

KYY

Heat*Length/ (Time*Area*Temp)

KZZ

phn t Thermal conductivity, element z direction

C ENTH

Heat/Mass*Temp

Nhit dung Specific heat

Nhit/ th tch Heat/Vol Enthalpy( DENS*C d(Temp)) Nhit/ (T.gian*D.tich*Nhit H s i lu Convection (or film) coefficient H s thm thu Emissivity

HF

) Heat / (Time*Area*Temp)

EMIS

Khng None

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units QRAT E VISC Nhit/ t.gian Heat/Time Force*Time/ Length2 Chiu di/ T.gian Length/Time

ngha Description Tc sinh nhit Heat generation rate ( Ch dng cho phn t MASS71 ) nht Viscosity Tc m Sonic velocity (FLUID29, FLUID30, FLUID129, and FLUID130) t thm theo hng x

SONC

MURX

Magnetic relative permeability, element x direction t thm theo hng y

MURY

Khng None

Magnetic relative permeability, element y direction t thm theo hng z

MURZ

Magnetic relative permeability, element z direction Sc t khng theo phng x

MGXX

Ti/ (Chiu di* Thi gian) Charge/ (Length*Time)

phn t Magnetic coercive force, element x direction

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units

ngha Description Sc t khng theo phng y

MGYY

phn t Magnetic coercive force, element y direction Sc t khng theo phng z

MGZZ

phn t Magnetic coercive force, element z direction in tr sut theo phng x

RSVX

Electrical resistivity, element x direction in tr* Din tch/Chiu di Resistance*Area/Length in tr sut theo phng y Electrical resistivity, element y direction in tr sut theo phng z

RSVY

RSVZ

Electrical resistivity, element z direction H s in mi theo phng Ti 2/(Lc* Chiu di2) Charge2/ (Force*Length2)

PERX

x Electric relative permittivity, element x direction in tr sut theo phng y

PERY

Electric relative permittivity, element y direction

Nhn Label Th nguyn Units

ngha Description in tr sut theo phng z

PERZ

Electric relative permittivity, element z direction Tang tn tht cch in

LSST

Khng None

Dielectric loss tangent (Valid for high-frequency elctromagnetic analyses only.)

1.6 Cc m hnh vt liu Lin kt vi With ... Combined Hardening Combined Hardening Combined Hardening Isotropic Hardening Isotropic Hardening Kiu lin kt Lnh, Nhn Combination Command, Type Label TB,BISO + TB,CHAB TB,MISO + TB,CHAB TB,NLISO + TB,CHAB TB,BISO + TB,RATE TB,MISO + TB,RATE Kt ni vi cc th d Link to Example BISO and CHAB Example MISO and CHAB Example NLISO and CHAB Example BISO and RATE Example MISO and RATE Example

M hnh Model

Plasticity

Bilinear

Plasticity

Multilinear

Plasticity Viscoplasticity Viscoplasticity

Nonlinear

Bilinear

Multilinear

M hnh Model

Lin kt vi With ... Isotropic Hardening Isotropic Hardening

Kiu lin kt Lnh, Nhn Combination Command, Type Label TB,NLISO + TB,RATE TB,BISO + TB,CREEP TB,MISO + TB,CREEP TB,NLISO + TB,CREEP TB,BKIN + TB,CREEP TB,HILL + TB,BISO TB,HILL + TB,MISO TB,HILL + TB,NLSIO

Kt ni vi cc th d Link to Example NLISO and RATE Example BISO and CREEP Example MISO and CREEP Example NLISO and CREEP Example BKIN and CREEP Example HILL and BISO Example HILL and MISO Example HILL and NLISO

Viscoplasticity Plasticity and Creep (Implicit) Plasticity and Creep (Implicit) Plasticity and Creep (Implicit) Plasticity and Creep (Implicit) Anisotropic Plasticity Anisotropic Plasticity Anisotropic Plasticity

Nonlinear

Bilinear

Isotropic Hardening

Multilinear

Isotropic Hardening

Nonlinear

Kinematic Hardening Isotropic Hardening Isotropic Hardening Isotropic Hardening

Bilinear

Bilinear

Multilinear

Nonlinear

M hnh Model

Lin kt vi With ...

Kiu lin kt Lnh, Nhn Combination Command, Type Label

Kt ni vi cc th d Link to Example Example

Anisotropic Plasticity

Kinematic Hardening

Bilinear

TB,HILL + TB,BKIN

HILL and BKIN Example HILL and

Anisotropic Plasticity

Kinematic Hardening

TB,HILL + Multilinear TB,MKIN/ KINH

MKIN Example, HILL and KINH Example

Anisotropic Plasticity Anisotropic Plasticity

Kinematic Hardening Combined Hardening

Chaboche Bilinear Chaboche Multilinear Chaboche Nonlinear Chaboche Bilinear

TB,HILL + TB,CHAB TB,HILL + TB,CHAB TB,HILL + TB,CHAB TB,HILL + TB,CHAB TB,HILL +

HILL and CHAB Example HILL and BISO and CHAB Example HILL and MISO and CHAB Example HILL and NLISO and CHAB Example HILL and

Isotropic and TB,BISO +

Anisotropic Plasticity

Combined Hardening

Isotropic and TB,MISO +

Anisotropic Plasticity Anisotropic

Combined Hardening Isotropic

Isotropic and TB,NLISO +

M hnh Model

Lin kt vi With ... Hardening

Kiu lin kt Lnh, Nhn Combination Command, Type Label TB,RATE + TB,BISO

Kt ni vi cc th d Link to Example RATE and BISO Example HILL and RATE and MISO Example HILL and RATE and NLISO Example HILL and CREEP Example HILL and CREEP and BISO Example

Viscoplasticity Anisotropic Viscoplasticity Anisotropic Viscoplasticity Anisotropic Creep (Implicit) Anisotropic Creep and Plasticity (Implicit) Anisotropic Creep and Plasticity (Implicit) Anisotropic

Isotropic Hardening

TB,HILL + Multilinear TB,RATE + TB,MISO TB,HILL + Nonlinear TB,RATE + TB,NLISO TB,HILL + TB,CREEP TB,HILL + Bilinear TB,CREEP + TB,BISO TB,HILL + Multilinear TB,CREEP + TB,MISO Nonlinear TB,HILL +

Isotropic Hardening

Isotropic Hardening

Isotropic Hardening

HILL and CREEP and MISO Example HILL and

Isotropic

M hnh Model

Lin kt vi With ... Hardening

Kiu lin kt Lnh, Nhn Combination Command, Type Label TB,CREEP + TB,NLISO

Kt ni vi cc th d Link to Example CREEP and NLISO Example

Creep and Plasticity (Implicit) Anisotropic Creep and Plasticity (Implicit)

Kinematic Hardening

TB,HILL + Bilinear TB,CREEP + TB,BKIN

HILL and CREEP and BKIN Example

1.7 Cc x l dng trong ANSYS Processors (Routines) Available in ANSYS X l Processor Hm Function Thit lp m PREP7 hnh hnh hc v vt liu t ti v SOLUTION gii bi ton Main Menu>Solution PTHH POST1 Kt xut kt Main Menu>General qu tng Postproc /POST1 /SOLU Main Menu>Preprocessor /PREP7 ng dn GUI Path Lnh Command

X l Processor

Hm Function ng vi i tng ti mt thi im kho st Kt xut kt qu ti mt

ng dn GUI Path

Lnh Command

POST26

im trong

Main Menu>TimeHist

m hnh vi Postpro hm thi gian Hon thin

/POST26

OPT

bn v ban u nh lng hiu qu s phn tn v ngu nhin

Main Menu>Design Opt

/OPT

PDS

vi bin nhp vo ca phn t phn tch i vi kt qu phn

Main Menu>Prob Design

/PDS

X l Processor

Hm Function tch Cc File nh phn dng

ng dn GUI Path

Lnh Command

Utility Menu>File> List>Binary FilesUtility Menu>List>Files> Binary Files /AUX2

AUX2

c c Dump binary Tnh cc h s bc x v

AUX12

to ma trn bc x co bi ton nhit Chuyn File

Main Menu>Radiation Matrix

/AUX12

AUX15

t CAD hoc chng trnh FEA D bo thi gian CPU,

Utility Menu>File>Import

/AUX15

RUNSTAT

mt sng trong qu trnh phn tch

Main Menu>Run-Time Stats

/RUNST

1.8 Kiu ch trong lnh ANSYS Kiu k t Type style or text BOLD Ch hoa m, dng cho tn lnh (nh K,DDELE) hoc phn t (LINK1). Bold>Bold Ch m, ch ng dn, c th km du ng dn > (Utility Menu>Parameters>Get Scalar Data) ITALICS Ch in nghing, ch tn cc tham tr (nh VALUE, INC, TIME). Italics Ch thng nghing, ch tn cc tham s k t( nh Lab hoc Fname). 1.9 Cc c im mi trong phin bn ANSYS 10~11 i vi bi ton cu trc (Structural), phin bn ANSYS 10~11 c nhng tnh nng v ci tin mi cho php nng cao hn na nng lc gii quyt dng bi ton ny ca ngi s dng. Nhng tnh nng mi c th hin nh sau: Giao din mi trong vic nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu (New Material Definition Interface): i vi vic nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu ANSYS 10~11 gm mt giao din mang tnh trc quan trong vic nh ngha cc thuc tnh ng x ca vt liu. Giao din ny khin cho ngi dng c th d dng hn trong vic nhp tt c cc d liu vt liu (m chng c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh MP v TB) cho tt c cc bi ngha Indicates

ton phn tch khng k n nhng bi ton phn tch ng lc hc tng minh (ANSYS/LS-DYNA).

Hnh 1. Giao din ban u nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu ca ANSYS 10~11.

Hnh 2. Cc loi vt liu c sp xp theo cy cu trc.

Nn tng ca giao din ny da trn c s sp xp mt cch logic gia cc loi vt liu v chng c biu din theo mt th t nht nh trn cy cu trc (ging nh vic sp xp cc th mc trong Windows Explorer ca Windows).Sau khi chn c m hnh bi ton thng qua cy cu trc, ngi dng cn nhp d liu v thuc tnh vt liu v cc hng s i cng vo trong cc hp thoi tu bin theo theo yu cu ca tng kiu m hnh bi ton ring bit chn. Chnh s sp xp logic ny hng dn cho ngi dng c th d dng hn trong vic xc nh mt m hnh ring bit hay l c mt t hp m hnh cho mt bi ton phn tch.

Hnh 3. Hp thoi nhp cc d liu. Cc phng php gii (Solvers): Trong lnh vc gii cc bi ton ANSYS c thm mt cp phng php mi, m hai phng php ny gii bi ton theo hai hng ring bit: - AMG (Algebraic MultiGrid Solver): Gii bi ton theo phng php i s a li.

- DDS (Distributed Domain Solver): Gii bi ton theo phng php phn b theo tng phn. Cc phng php ny cho php qu trnh gii bi ton c tin hnh trn nhiu h vi x l v c th chy nhng m hnh bi ton ln i hi s lng rt ln b nh ca my tnh. Phng php AMG da trn c s ca mt h thng nhiu mc (Multi-level), l mt phng php gii lp m ta c th s dng mt hoc nhiu h vi x l trong cng mt h thng my tnh gii cc bi ton m khng tn nhiu thi gian v b nh. Phng php ny rt c hiu qu trong vic phn tch v gii cc bi ton tnh (Static) hoc qu hon ton (Full transient) (cc bi ton phn tch ny c th l tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn). Thm vo hiu qu ca phng php ny cng c gii hn trong phm vi cc bi ton phn tch cu trc (Structural) n gin, khi m cc thng s ca bc t do (DOF-Degree of freedom) ch gii hn trong phm vi tnh tin v quay theo cc trc X, Y, Z. Cn i vi nhng kiu bi ton khc nh bi ton nhit khi m cc thng s ca bc t do l nhit th hiu sut ca phng php ny khng cao. Phng php DDS l phng php gii chia nh cc m hnh bi ton ln thnh nhng bi ton nh hn, sau gi nhng bi ton nh n nhiu h vi x l trong nhiu h thng khc nhau tng tc gii bi ton. Phng php ny gi bi ton theo m hnh bc thang, n c ng dng gii cc bi ton ln v phn tch tnh (Static) hoc qu hon ton (Full transient), vi cc ma trn i xng khng bao hm cc ng sut cho trc, m men qun tnh lin kt, cc vt th ti, cc phng trnh rng buc hoc cc bi ton gii theo phng php xc sut. Phng php ny khng th s dng gii cc bi ton cha cc phn t thanh (Link), hoc phn t (Prets179), cc siu phn t, v.v

Phng php DDS thc hin gii bng cch t ng chia c m hnh ln to li ra thnh cc m hnh nh hn m khng c s can thip ca ngi dng. S bc t do (DOF) trong mi m hnh nh l di 10000 v l tng l gn 1000. S lng m hnh c chia nh thc ra lun lun ln hn s lng b vi x l sn c gii bi ton. Trong sut tin trnh gii, qu trnh phn tch bi ton c tin hnh ng thi cng mt lc trn h thng my ch v cc h thng my con c ch nh. Mi b vi x l gii quyt tng phn ca bi ton ln m n c phn cng ng thi lin kt vi cc b vi x l khc. Sau h thng my ch s dng ln ton b li gii s bc t do v qu trnh phn tch gii bi ton lc ny ch cn tip tc trn b vi x l ca my ch. Cc ci tin mi v cu trc dm v mt ct ngang (Structural Beam and Cross Section Enhancement): Phin bn ANSYS 10~11 h tr mt cch c h thng tnh mm do trng thi dm v ng sut, trng thi thc s v ng sut, cng nh tnh d o cho kiu dm (Beam188 v Beam189) l hai kiu dm 3D c gii hn v sc cng l tuyn tnh. Cc ci tin nng cao khc v dm chnh l kh nng to li tinh cho mt ct ngang v cho php ghp li theo mun ca ngi dng. S kt hp U-P mt cch c h thng cho t hp cc phn t (kt hp gia phn t phng (Planes) v phn t khi (Solid): S kt hp gia phn t khi v phn t phng mt cch c h thng to ra sn cc KEYOPT(la chn kho phn t) thit lp cho tng phn t ring bit v d phn t PLANE182 (cu trc phn t khi 4 nt - 2D) hay phn t PLANE183 (cu trc phn t khi 8 nt - 2D)... Vic kt hp ny khin cho p sut thu tnh tr thnh mt bc t do c lp, trong vic hnh thnh chuyn v. iu lm cho qu trnh hi t tr nn nhanh v mnh hn i vi nhng m hnh bi ton vt liu khng nn c hon ton, vt liu n

- do chu sc cng ln, v vt liu n hi tuyn tnh vi h s Poisson's > 0.4999. iu l rt l tng cho vic gi lp m hnh vt liu khng nn c v d: vt liu cao su t nhin v cao su nhn to. Phng php tr ring Block Lanczos c mc nh sn cho phn tch bi ton xc nh dao ng: Phng php tr ring Block Lanczos [MODOPT,LANB] gi y c mc nh sn cho vic phn tch bi ton dao ng [ANTYPE,MODAL]. Cc phn t (bao gm c cc phn t tip xc) cng vi phng php nhn t Lagrange (Lagrange multiplier) khng(Not) c h tr. Ci thin v tc gii bi ton: Vi ANSYS 10~11, ton b cc thao tc gii bi ton dao ng iu ha c ci thin ng k. i vi cc m hnh to li cho cc phn t 3-D, tc gii bi ton tng gp hai ln so vi phin bn ANSYS 5.5 ~8.0. i vi bi ton phi tuyn thi gian gii c ci thin khong 20%. Ngoi ra phin bn ANSYS 10~11 c thm mt s c im v cc ci tin mi khc (Other New Features and Enhancements) cho php pht huy trit cc kh nng ca phn mm nh sau: Ngi s dng nh r cc li ghi ch (User Defined Legends): Gi y ngi dng c th sp xp li cc mc ghi ch cc li gii thch tr nn r rng v d hiu hn. iu cng bao gm c kh nng t ng nt cho cc li gii thch theo bt k mt hng no trn mn hnh ha (theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc). Vic thay i v tr cng nh ni dung c th dc st nhp vo bt c mt ca s no trong 5 ca s biu din ca ANSYS. Tin ch nh bng nn (Background Shading): Ngi dng c th p dng tin ch nh bng nn cho m hnh to ra, ng thi c th thay i mu sc bng lnh /COLOR. Ngoi ra cn c th thm vo m

hnh cc b cc thnh phn khc sn c bng lnh /TXTRE, hoc nhp cc file nh nh phn (*.bmp) lm cho m hnh tr nn phong ph hn. Ti u ho cng vic biu din ha (Graphic Display Optimization): Bn cnh vic a ra hnh nh m phng ca m hnh, ngi dng cn c th a ra c nhiu thng tin khc v d nh m phng cc thuc tnh trng thi khc nhau ca m hnh ng vi tng gi tr ring bit. S dng tnh nng "To cc hnh nh cht lng tt nht - Create Best Quality Image" ti u ho vic s dng cc kt qu ny bng cch: Vo Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Best Quality Image>Create Best Quality. y chnh l tnh nng rt xut sc ca phn mm ANSYS bi v n cho php nh thit k c th pht hin c cc sai st hng hc trong qu trnh thit k m khng cn phi tin hnh ch to, vn hnh th. H tr dng file nn PNG - Portable Network Graphics (PNG File format support): y l mt kh nng rt hay ca ANSYS 10~11, bi v cc file nn kiu ny c s dng rt ph bin trn cc h thng my tnh. Khng ging nh file c nn theo kiu JPEG hoc GIF, kiu file nn PNG lun gi c s m bo nht mc c th v ng nt, mu sc ca hnh nh so vi cc kiu nn file khc. Xy dng hm (Function Builder): Ngi dng c th s dng chc nng xy dng hm (Function Builder) trong ANSYS p dng cc iu kin bin phc tp ln mt m hnh. Chc nng Function Builder b sung vo danh sch iu kin bin, c im ny c gii thiu trong phin bn ANSYS 5.6, n gm c hai phn: Chc nng Function Editor t cc d kin u bi, to ra mt phng trnh hoc hm tu (nhiu phng trnh), v chc nng Funtion Loader lm nhim v truy cp li cc hm v c chng ra nh l cc mng

TABLE. Sau chng s c p dng cho mt m hnh bi ton s dng danh sch cc iu kin bin. Trong chc nng Function Editor, ngi dng c th s dng mt tp hp cc bin s ban u, cc phng trnh bin s, v cc hm ton hc xy dng nn cc phng trnh. Ngi dng c th xy dng mt phng trnh ring l hoc xy dng mt hm l mt chui ca cc phng trnh, ng thi c th to cc hm v lu tr chng li sau ny s dng cho cc bi ton phn tch khc. Hm cc iu kin bin cung cp cc bin s ban u nhiu hn so vi s cung cp ca danh sch cc iu kin bin.

Hnh 4. Chc nng Function Editor.

Trong chc nng Funtion Loader, ngi dng c th p dng cc gi tr c bit cho cc phng trnh bin s v xc nh tn mt bng tham s c th s dng hm cho qu trnh phn tch.

Hnh 5. Chc nng Function Editor To ra cc bn bo co di dng "Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML" (New HTML Report Generator) v a ln h thng mng thng tin ton cu Internet: Gi y ngi dng c th ly cc thng tin kt qu t qu trnh phn tch v lu tr n di dng vn bn HTML l mt giao thc vn bn c s dng trn mng thng tin ton cu. Vi cng c HTML Report Generator cho php ngi dng to cc hat nh, trch cc bng kt qu, cc hnh nh ha cng nh l cc phn d liu th (cc log files, cc ni dung c s d liu ) vo trong mt th mc c ch nh sn.

T ngi dng c th s dng Report Constructor t chc li tt c cc d liu thnh mt vn bn dng HTML. Thao tc cui cng l to tiu v nh dng vn bn cho ra mt file HTML hon chnh c th xem bng cc trnh duyt Web trn mng thng tin ton cu Internet. Kh nng ca cc file mi dng PRG File (The PGR File Capability): Nhng file mi dng PGR file c kh nng cho php nh r cc d liu m chng s c to ra trong sut qu trnh x l gii bi ton, v lu tr li trong file m ngi dng c th truy cp vo thng qua qu trnh hu x l POST1. iu s tit kim thi gian tnh ton ca qu trnh hu x l, v n c th khin cho qu trnh truy cp d liu nhanh ln gp 10 ln so vi cc phin bn ANSYS trc , c bit l i vi nhng m hnh bi ton ln (c s bc t do ln hn 10 triu). Ngi dng c th ch nh nhng d liu no c gi li v ghi vo PGR file trong sut qu trnh gii SOLUTION, hoc c th vit thm vo mt PGR file c sn trong sut qu trnh hu x l POSTPROCESSING. Khi c mt PGR file, tnh chuyn mn ca chc nng PGR Results Viewer s khin cho vic truy cp vo tt c cc d liu tr nn d dng thng qua mt hp thai chung. Ngi dng c th to cc dng d liu c bit nh l cc th v hat nh, cc d liu trch dn hoc l cc nh in, to cc bng d liu hoc danh sch cc d liu v in d liu trc tip t mn hnh quan st. Ngi dng thm ch cn c th lin kt trc tip vi HTML Report Generator, cho php to cc bn bo co trc tip ngay bn trong ANSYS. Bng sp xp cc iu kin bin (Tabular Boundary Conditions): Vi ANSYS 10~11, ngi dng c th m rng hn na kh nng xp sp d liu theo bng i vi bi ton phn tch nhit bng cch nh ngha cc iu kin ti ban u v cc bin s c lp. Hn na cc chc nng co d n

ca bng cc iu kin bin i vi cc dng bi ton phn tch khc s gip ch cho ngi dng thc hin gii c cc bi ton a trng vt l. Chnh bi s ci tin ny trong ANSYS 10~11, s tit kim c mt s lng ng k thi gian trong vic khi ng v gn li cc iu kin bin cho mi bi ton ca ngi dng.

Chng 2 Cc lnh c bn- Nhp lnh bng ca s v menu

2.1 Cc lnh khi ng v giao din 1. Lnh Start >Program > ANSYS 10.0 Sau khi khi ng Windows, ta c th khi ng ANSYS. Vo cc lnh : Start > Program > Ansys 10 chn chc nng khi ng, thc n cho cc m un chc nng. Mi chc nng c th khi ng ring bit: ANS_Admin: dng nhp cc thit lp qun l; ANSYS System Help: dng khi ng tr gip h thng; CMAP Utility: dng khi ng chng trnh thit k bn mu; DISPLAY Utility: dng khi ng chng trnh xem cc nh v hnh v c ANSYS to ra kiu *.GRP v nh ng *.AVI;

Help System: dng trc tip chy tr gip v tra cu. INTERACTIVE: dng khi ng chng trnh ANSYS chnh, trong cho hp thoi iu khin, cn chn cc tham s theo yu cu hp thoi; RUN INTERACTIVE NOW: dng chy ANSYS mc nh, INTERACTIVE Thit lp mi trng lm vic cho ANSYS, gm: ng dn lm vic v mi trng ho, tn file s dng, t dung lng vng lm vic, c File START.ANS, nh ngha tham s, chn ngn ng. Sau khi thit lp, chn : Run. Hp cc hng dn xut hin, c lm theo hoc mc nh. Tip sau, bm OK khi ng tip. Mn hnh giao in ANSYS xut hin. 2. Mn hnh giao din

2. Mn hnh ANSYS Trn mn hnh c :

ANSYS Menu Utility: Thanh Menu tin ch, cha cc tin ch b sung cc lnh ph tr, kim sot cc thit lp v nhp xut d liu. ANSYS Main Menu: Menu chnh, cha cc lnh chnh ca ANSYS. ANSYS input: ca s nhp lnh t bn phm. ANSYS Graphic: Ca s mn hnh ho. ANSYS Toolbar: Cc thanh chc nng ghi lu d liu, thot, ch ho v cc cng c do ngi s dng to ra. ANSYS Output: Ca s ghi li ton b cc vic lm ca ANSYS v cc kt qu tnh ton phn tch. 2.2 Menu chnh - Main Menu C 3 cch nhp lnh: nhp t bn phm, nhp bng c cc file d liu chng trnh, hoc nhp bng Menu. Sau y ta s nghin cu cch s dng Menu nhp lnh gii bi ton trong ANSYS. I. nh dng bi ton Preferences Lnh: Main Menu > Preferences: Khi ANSYS c np xong cn tin hnh nh dng bi ton nh sau: Trn ANSYS Main menu chn Preferences. Ca s thng bo xut hin cc tu chn bi ton: - Structural: Bi ton kt cu - Thermal: Bi ton nhit. - ANSYS Fluid: Bi ton thy kh. - FLOTRAN CFD: Bi ton ng lc hc cht lng. Cc bi ton v in t: Magnetic-Nodal: in t - Nt

Magnetic-Edge: in t - Cnh High Frequency: Tn s cao Electric: in t h-Method: Phng php h (tng chnh xc tnh ton p-Method Struct: Phng php - p (dng cho cu trc, p-Method Electr: Phng php - p dng cho in t LS-DYNA Explicit: Gii LS-DYNA tng minh.

C th t chn cc phng php gii bi ton: bng tng bc a thc) tng chnh xc bng chia nh li phn t)

Sau khi chn xong: Bm chut vo OK.

II. H tin x l - Preprocessor (Prep7): Trong h tin x l, gm: Xc lp phn t: Chn kiu phn t, nhp hng s thc v thuc tnh vt liu. ng thi chn cc tit din mt ct (Section) trong bi ton kt cu. H tin x l Kiu phn t Hng s thc... Thuc tnh vt liu > Cc dng mt ct M hnh ho To m hnh Cc ton t Dch chuyn/ bin i Sao chp Phn chiu Kim tra hnh hc Xo Cp nht hnh hc Cc thuc tnh nh ngha Cng c chia li Kim tra kch thc Chn la li Rng buc Chia li Bin i li V cc phn t hng Chn cc phn t hng Xo Kim tra kim sot Kim tra nh s Lu m hnh Bi ton tc dng kp/ Hm lin kt To phn mi tnh tn s Thit lp FLOTRAN t ti Mi trng Vt l - M hnh ho: Cho php to cc im, ng, din tch trong m hnh 2D, ng thi cho php xy dng m hnh 3D vi cc lnh x l cng tr lgic, xo v cp nht hnh.

- nh ngha cc thuc tnh: s cc nt, phn t, cc hng s vt liu, h to cho cc im, ng, din tch v th tch. - Cng c chia li: cho hp iu khin vic chia li phn t. Chia li: chn cc tham s chia li. iu khin kch thc li. Vic chia li cn c kim sot bo m s phn t khng c vt qu kh nng tnh ca phin bn. Trong trng hp gii bi ton tc dng kp hoc a trng vt l, cn chn cc tham s thch hp cho bi ton. Trong h tin x l cn cho php thit lp bi ton dng FLOTRAN, chn cch gii, nhp cc thuc tnh dng kh. - t ti: dng t kiu bi ton, chn cch phn tch, thit lp kiu ti v nhp ti, cc thao tc nhp ti, bc t ti trong bi ton phi tuyn v ng. - Mi trng Vt l: Dng xc lp dng mi trng vt l. Chn cp mi trng vt l tnh ton. 3. Khai bo v kiu phn t: thm, to, xo cc phn t. Khi bm chut vo Element Type, hp thoi chn kiu phn t xut hin. Lnh : Preprocessor > Element Type

Vo chn kiu phn t: Lnh: Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... Hp thoi kiu phn t xut hin, bm nt Add.. nhp kiu phn t.

Hp thoi th vin kiu phn t xut hin. C th chn cc kiu phn t. Trong h kiu phn t cu trc c phn t c lng (Mass), phn t thanh (Link), dm (Beam), ng (Pipe), phn th khi (Solid), phn t v (Shell). H phn t siu n hi; H phn t c nht; H phn t tip xc; H phn t kt hp. H phn t nhit, vi cc nhm: phn t c lng (Mass), phn t thanh (Link), phn th khi (Solid), phn t v (Shell).

Sau khi chn h phn t, vo chn kiu phn t. Trong mt h c nhiu kiu khc nhau, tu bi ton chn.

Tu chn bi ton - KeyOptions Mi kiu phn t c mt s kho chn bi ton. Th d phn t Plane42, c kho KOP(3) vi cc tu chn khc nhau chn bi ton ng sut phng (0), bin dng phng (1) hay i xng trc (2). Khi chn phn t xong vo, Options xem phn t yu cu chn kho no.

4. Hng s c trng Real Constans: Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc: thm, to, xa cc hng s c trng ( Chiu cao dm, din tch mt ct, m men qun tnh...). Lnh: Preprocessor > Real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete...

Hp thoi Real constants xut hin: Nhp chut vo Add chn phn t Cn nhp Real Const. Hp thoi nhp gi tr Real constant xut hin. Theo yu cu bi ton tng ng vi mi mt kiu phn t, nhp cc gi tr c trng mt ct, nh: din tch mt ct, m men qun tnh mt ct, chiu cao, hng s ct, d ng sut, ...

Nu s dng nhiu kiu phn t khc nhau, sau mi ln nhp cho 1 kiu phn t, phi nhp chut vo Apply, hp thoi Generic Real Constant s n v quay v hp thoi Real Constant. Nhp chut vo Edit son tho cc c trng mt ct ca phn t th 2. Mun xa vo Delete. Nhp xong bm OK. 5. Thuc tnh vt liu - Material Props

Lnh: Preprocessor > Material Props Hp thoi khai bo thuc tnh vt liu gm: Th vin vt liu, n v nhit , m hnh vt liu, vt liu Mooney-Rivlin, thay i s hiu vt liu, ghi vo File, c d liu t File.

Khi nhp chut vo Material Library hp thoi cho php vo chn ng dn th vin cc vt liu c trong ANSYS. Vo Temperature Units chn th nguyn cho tham s nhit (K, C hay F).

Chn th nguyn cho vt liu, tu thuc ngi s dng, c th dng cc h th nguyn SI, CGS, BFI, BIN hoc h th nguyn do ngi s dng nh ngha. Ch : Khi chn Units, ANSYS s chuyn i h o v Units c chn. Yu cu ngi s dng phi nhp cc tham s vt l theo ng th nguyn chn. Nu nhp sai, kt qu tnh ton s khng ng.

Vo Material Models chn nhp vt liu. Lnh Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models

Cn nhp thuc tnh vt liu cho tng m hnh. Hp thoi nh ngha m hnh vt liu cho php vo nhp cc gi tr ca thuc tnh vi cc m hnh: vt liu cu trc, nhit, in t, m hng, thu kh, piezo in. Tu cc vt liu c th ca bi ton chn. Th d vo vt liu kt cu. C vt liu tuyn tnh v phi tuyn. Trong vt liu phi tuyn c vt liu n hi, phi n hi. Trong phi n hi c bin

cng ng hng, bin cng ng, bin cng lin hp, bin cng d hng, cao su, vt liu do ph thuc tc , vt liu do phi kim loi. ANSYS cho php gii cc bi ton vi cc m hnh vt liu khc nhau. Vic nhp cc c s d liu v vt liu c tm quan trng i vi chnh xc ca bi ton.

Vo trong bng Bin m hnh vt liu chn dng thuc tnh. Cch nhp cc d liu thuc tnh ANSYS di dng bng. Trng hp cc thng s vt l bin i theo nhit hoc thi gian, thuc tnh c biu din di mt biu thc vi hm m ca tham s. Mi nhit , vt liu phi tuyn c cc gi tr theo mt hm vi cc h s C khc nhau. ng thi thuc tnh vt liu bin i theo nhit . Mi khi thay i nhit , bm vo Add thm ct nhit . Vt liu c tnh trc hng, cn nhp d liu theo tng hng. Cc gi tr ny c ly t cc th nghim ko hoc nn. Nhp d liu thuc tnh vt liu c nhp theo tng m hnh:

Khi thuc tnh vt liu khng ph thuc thi gian, vo Constant/Isotropic hoc /Orthotropic nhp cc s liu tng ng vt liu ng nht trc hng. Vo mc Temp Dependent nhp cc thuc tnh bin i theo nhit . Trong , cc d liu c nhp theo bng, chuyn i h s d n n nhit ALPX,

Nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh vt liu theo nhit . Cc nhit T1, T2, ..., T6 tng ng vi cc h s N, N+1, ..., N+5. Trong cc phin bn trc ANSYS 7.0 c Bng nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu dng chn cc thuc tnh vt l. Cc gi tr thuc tnh c xc nh theo cc hng khc nhau. Trong bi ton vi vt liu ng nht v ng hng nhp cc gi tr trn vo phng X. Nu vt liu d hng, phi nhp cc gi tr theo 3 hng X, Y, Z. M un n hi Elastic Modulus: EX, EY, EZ,... H s d n n nhit Therm Expan Coef: ALPX, ALPY, ALPZ... Nhit tham chiu Reference Temp: T0: H s Poison Poissons Ratio: NUXY: Mdun trt Shear Modulus: GXY; H s h m Damping Multip: DAMP; H s ma st Friction Coef: MU Mt Density: DENS.

Vo chn nh n thuc tnh, sau nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh tng ng. 6. Mt ct Sections Lnh Preprocessor > Sections
Trong mc th vin, vo chn ng dn tm mc th vin. Mc Beam cho php nhp cc hnh dng kch thc cc tit din chung, tit din t chn, v v tit din. Mc trnh din cho php biu din li, thay tn... Mc danh sch v xo mt ct cho php lit k cc mt ct trong m hnh v xo chng.

Trong ANSYS c th vin mt ct vi cc mt ct chun. Khi vo Section Library cho php tm n cc th vin c sn hoc nhp mt th vin mi.

Chn mt ct dm Section c sn:

Vo mc Common Sections, hp thoi Beam tool xut hin, trong cn nhp ch s ID, tn dm. Mc Sub-Type cho php chn cc kiu tit din.

Mi tit din c cc thng s hnh hc, nhp gi tr theo k hiu trong hp thoi. Nu c nhiu mt ct, mi ln vo, s dng Apply. Cui cng OK kt thc.

7. M hnh ho hnh hc Lnh Preprocessor > Modeling ANSYS cho php xy dng cc m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D nh mc Modeling.

M hnh ha To m hnh Cc php ton t Dch chuyn hoc thay i Sao chp Kim tra hnh hc Xa Cp nht hnh Cc thuc tnh - nh ngha Cng c chia li Chia li: Kim sot kch thc Chn dng chia li Thay i li ....

Nhm lnh M hnh ha gm: Lnh Create chn cc lnh con to li cho m hnh. Lnh Operate dng x l ton t lgc, to m hnh phc tp t m hnh c bn.. Lnh Modify dng thay i cc tham s hnh hc ca m hnh. Cc lnh Copy- sao chp, Reflect - phn chiu, Check Geom - kim tra chnh xc hnh dng hnh hc, Delete - xo hnh. Update Geom cp nht li cc thng s hnh hc, bo m cc im nt u c bt ng, khng b h. Lnh Attributes Define dng kim sot cc thuc tnh ca cc im, ng, din tch, th tch. Cc thuc tnh gm: Kiu phn t, S hiu vt liu, S hiu hng s vt liu, H ta s dng, S hiu mt ct. Lnh MeshTool dng gi hp thoi iu khin chia li. Lnh chia li Meshing dng cho chia li khng dng lnh t ng. Cho php t kch c li, kiu chia, thay i, xa...

Lnh Checking Ctrls cho php kim sot m hnh v cc tham s hnh hc ca m hnh. To m hnh Create
Trong lnh Create to m hnh hnh hc, cho php to cc m hnh dng im, ng, din tch, khi. Trong m hnh ng c th v cc ng thng (Lines), cung (Arcs), ng cong (Splines), v in ng theo im. Dng ng thng theo to , ng tip tuyn vi mt ng khc, ng vung gc vi mt ng khc, ng to thnh mt gc vi ng khc. To ng cung theo 3 im, cho im u v bn knh, cho tm v bn knh. To hnh ch nht bng to 2 gc, bng cho to . To hnh trn Solid hoc mt r qut. Khi xy dng m hnh din tch c th dng theo to , theo hnh vung, hnh trn, a tuyn. Khi xy dng m hnh th tch, c th dng m hnh khi bng nhp to , to block, hnh tr, hnh chp, hnh cu, hnh chp v hnh xuyn.

C th to m hnh trc tip t vic xc nh cc nt v phn t.

To m hnh PTHH t nt. Trc ht, to mt lm vic, to ta hin hnh. nh ngha nt v in cc nt trung gian. Bin i quay to ca nt. Ghi lu v c file nt.

Cc thuc tnh ca phn t T ng nh s nt phn t Thit lp phn t t cc nt, Ti cc nt chng Cc nt Offset, Trn mt tip xc: Tip xc mt/mt Hiu ng tip xc Tip xc nt/mt Chia li ty nh s theo ngi s dng Ghi File Phn t c File phn t Cc siu phn t Cc ton t Booleans: T cc hnh 2D hoc 3D, c th ghp thnh cc hnh phng hoc khi nh tc php ton t: Cng, Tr, Chia... Cc lnh vut Extrude, Sweep... Cc lnh xc nh ng giao, cng tr hnh khi, chia, ct... T l i tng hnh hc tnh ton.

III. Cc lnh Solution

- Xc nh kiu phn tch: Kiu phn tch Khi ng li... Phn tch chn Options - t ti: Thit lp ti t ti Xa ti Cc thao tc - Chn bc t ti: Thit lp li Option - c File LS - Ghi File LS - D ng lc - Gii: T LS hin hnh T File LS Li gii cc b

Cn xc nh kiu phn tch cho ANSYS. Nu khng , ANSYS hiu l s dng kiu phn tch tnh. Chn kiu bi ton phn tch ANTYPE

Analysis Type/New Analysis t kiu phn tch: Phn tch tnh Static, Phn tch dao ng Modal, Phn tch cng hng Harmonic, Bi ton Transient, Bi ton ph Spectrum, Bi ton n nh Buckling, Bi ton cu trc con Substructuring. ANSYS gii bi ton, trong h Solution cn nhp cc ti v cc rng buc. Vic t ti nh phn Loads trnh by.
Trong Thit lp kiu ti v rng buc Setting, s dng cc ti nhit u, nhit gc tham chiu. i vi ti b mt, Thit lp gradient, Hm nt Thit lp cc rng buc Constraints, Cc lc Force, Cc ti b mt, Ti nt, Ti trn mt ca phn t, ...

Sau khi t Setting, vo Apply nhp ti.

Trong bi ton Structural, c th nhp chuyn v v lc. Trong , c th c cc dng: Lc tp trung Force/ m men Moment, Lc phn b Pressure, Nhit Temperature, Trong lc, Mt ct mong mun, v cc thng s khc nh gia tc, tc ...

Trong bi ton ng, quan h cc tham s ph thuc thi gian, c gii theo phng php lp. Cn chn bc t ti Load Step Opts.
Output Ctrls Kim sot in n, cc File GRP, DB... Solution Ctrols ng hay m kha Kim sot li gii vi vic chn hay khng chn cng nn. Time/Frequence Thit lp bc thi gian v cc bc con tnh ton. Nonlinear vo chn chun hi t bi ton, cc chun cn bng, chun t bin...

Trong Solution cho php nhp ti t mt File chia thnh cc bc ti. Vo Read LS File, nhp m hiu File ly d liu ti. Cng nh vy, coa th ghi li bc t ti vo 1 File, s dng tip sau. ANSYS cho php tnh ton cc bi ton dng ng sut trc. ng sut trc c th dng d ng lc trong cc thanh, dm. Cng c th dng ng sut d trong cc kt cu hn. Vo Initial Stress: Read IS File - chn nhp ng sut d t file; Apply Const Strs - t ng sut trc cho kt cu; Xem danh sch, ghi xa gi tr ng sut trc. Sau khi t ti vo mc Solve chn cch gii:
Gii theo bc t ti LS hin ti Gii t file LS Li gii cc b Chia li thch nghi Chn Topologic

ANSYS gii bi ton theo cc lnh t bc nh phn trn, nhp vo Current LS. Ca s Output hin cc thng s c t v tnh ton theo cc bc thit lp.

III. Hu x l Postprocessor C 2 mc Hu x l: Hu x l cc bi ton tnh v Hu x l cc bi ton ph thuc thi gian.

Hu x l chung (POST1) Chn d liu v File Bng tng hp kt qu c kt qu: Theo cc thit lp u tin Theo thit lp tip theo Theo thit lp trc ... Bng cc bc t ti Bng thi gian/tn s Bng thit lp s hiu Bi ton dao ng chu k i xng FLOTRAN 2.1 Kt qu dng hnh v Kt qu Lit k Kt qu dng cu hi Cc la chn xut kt qu Cc kt qu theo Viewer (quan st dng hnh ng) Ghi File PGR ( file ghi cc dng hnh nh ) Kt qu tnh ton theo nt Bng phn t Cc thao tc theo bc Cc trng hp t ti Ghi kt qu M hnh con ... bi ton mi .... nh ngha/ Thay i Kt qu tnh theo nt Kt qu tnh theo phn t D liu bng phn t Thit lp li mi trng

Data & File Opts dng ch File c s d liu v File xut kt qu Results Summary xem tng hp kt qu tnh ton. Vic xut kt qu ty thuc ngi s dng. Mc Read Results dng c cc kt qu theo cc ty chn: First Set Next Set c kt qu theo bc thit lp u tin; c kt qu theo bc thit lp tip theo;

Previous kt qu no ; Last Set

c kt qu theo bc thit lp trc , khi c mt c kt qu theo thit lp tip; c kt qu theo cc bc t ti. Khi vo,

By Load Step

ANSYS cho hp thoi chn s bc t ti, s bc con, t l cho mt i tng trong mt bc thit lp; By Time/Freq c kt qu ti mt thi im no c ngi s dng thit lp thi gian, hoc gi tr ti im gn thi gian . By set Number c kt qu theo s hiu thit lp. Modal Cyclic Sym c kt qu trong bi ton dao ng chu k i xng vi cch gii Read - in hay Expand. ANSYS cho php gii cc bi ton dng 2D v 3D kt hp vi phn mm FLOTRAN. C th tnh c dng chy nn c v khng nn c, dng chy tng hoc dng chy ri ty chun Re. Sau khi thit lp yu cu xut kt qu, ngi s dng c th chn hnh thc biu din kt qu. Plot Results: Cc kt qu cho di dng nh mu quan h gia cc tham s. ANSYS cho rt nhiu kiu: quan h ng sut, quan h bin dng, tc bin dng, gia tc... Vo Plot Results, chn dng quan h cn thit xut. ANSYS cn cho dng bng kt qu. Mun ly kt qu vo List Results. Do nhiu bi ton phc tp, khng cn v ht cc s liu tnh ton, ANSYS cho php ly kt qu cc b v kt qu theoyu cu bng Query Results. Results Viewer cho php xut kt qu v to File hnh ng, quan st qu trnh bin i ca cc tham s t lc bt u t ti n gi tr ti ln nht. Cc kt qu c th chn theo tnh ton Nt, cng c th chn kt qu tnh theo phn t. Mt s trng hp tnh ton cn xc nh cc kt qu cc

b cho mt vi nt hoc mt s phn t c bit, vo Define/Modify chn Nodal Results hoc Elem Results, ANSYS cho hp thoi tr gip ch nh nt hoc phn t cn xem kt qu tnh ton. Hu x l bi ton theo thi gianTimeHist Postpro (POST26)
Thit lp Lu d liu nh ngha bin c d liu LSDYNA Lit k Danh sch bin Lit k Danh sch cc tr Extrems Bin th Cc php ton tnh ton Cc php ton dng bng To ph. ..... Thit lp li Hu x l

Thit lp Setting- Setting/File: ANSYS yu cu thit lp ng dn n File d liu. Vo Setting v thit lp ng dn cho File d liu c. Thit lp d liu Data Setting - Vo Setting/Data t gi tr thi gian MIN , MAX, bc chi thi gian. Thit lp danh sch List Settings - Cn c bng thng k theo cc tham s: TMIN, TMAX, s gia N, s bin IR, tn bin VARNAM... Thit lp th Graph Settings - thit lp phm vi thi gian, bc chia thi gian, t bin cho cc trc XVAR, ... cho hnh v. Math Operation - Cc php ton cng tr, nhn chia, cc gi tr tuyt i, cn, ly tha, Loga, tm gi tr Max, Min... Ton dng bng dng chuyn cc bin thnh cc tham s v ngc li. Smooth Data Lm trn cc d liu, theo hng dn in cc tham s l trn, kh cc tp nhiu,

Generate Spectrum - To li gii dng ph quan h cc bin vi thi gian, Elec&Mag - Kt qu bi ton in-T, tnh dng in, cc tham s in t trng. Vo Elec&Mag cho hp thoi, in cc tham s cho kt qu. 2.3 Thc n tin ch Menu utility

Trong thc n chnh c 10 thc n ko xung. 1. File

Xa v khi to mt File mi Thay tn File Thay tiu Xem li File *.DB Xem li t... Ghi d liu vi tn.db Ghi d liu. Ghi d liu vo File *. log Nhp bng cch c d liu t... Kho xut kt qu n Lit k Cc thao tc File Chn File ANSYS Nhp... Xut... Thot

2. Chn Select Trong xy dng m hnh hnh hc v trong qu trnh t ti, cn xc nh cc b mt i tng nh nt, phn t, mt thnh phn trong cm lp... vo thc n Select v chn.

Chn i tng Chn Thnh phn/Cm lp Chn tt c Chn cc i tng sau Sau khi chn vo Entities, ANSYS co mt khung thoi chn. C th chn Nt, Phn t, Th tch, Din tch, ng, im. Vo kiu chn: Bay Num/Pick - Chn s hoc chn bng cch kch chut, Attached to - chn bng gn vi mt di tng, By Location - bng cc b... Hp thoi yu cu chn phng thc: From Full, Reselect, Also Select, Unselect. Hp thoi c mt s nt iu khin: Sele All - Chn tt c, Sele None Khng chn, Invert Chn ngc li. OK Chp nhn v thot, Apply - dng khi cn chn tip, Plot - V, Replot- V li.

Chn Comp/Assemb - cho cc chn la sau:

To thnh phn mi To cm lp Son tho cm lp Chn thnh phn/ cm lp Lit k dang sch thnhphn/ cm lp Xa Thnh phn/Cm lp Chn Tt c v khng chn.

Trong chn EveryThing Bellow cho php chn tt c cc i tng:

Th tch Din tch ng im

3. Th mc List

List/File - Cho php lit k di dng bng cc File nh File *.LOG, File *.ERR,..., dng xem v kim tra.

List/Status - Cho php lit k:

Trng thi chung Trng thi ha Mt lm vic Cc tham s p- Method Tin x l Li gii Solution Hu x l chung Hu x l nh hng thi gian Cc chn la thit k Trng thi thi gian Ma trn ng cho

C th chn xem trng thi cc im, ng, din tch, th tch, nt, phn t. Cng c th xem trng thi cc b bng cch vo Picked Entities xem kt qu ca cc i tng c chn.
Lit k Keypoint theo ta Lit k im c ta vi thuc tnh Lit k cc im cng

Properties xem lit k cc thuc tnh: Kiu phn t Tt c Real Constant Mt s Real Constant c dnh ngha Thuc tnh mt ct Tt c thuc tnh vt liu Vt liu v nhit c nh ngha Tt c vt liu v tt c nhit ... D liu lp Layer Bng d liu... Lit k ti: Rng buc bc t do DOF Lc, ti b mt Ti khi Ti ban u, Ti ca m hnh c iu kin ban u iu kin ban u ca phn t

4. Thc n Plot
Thc n Plot dng iu khin cc lnh v. Replot- V li M hnh c xy dng. Mc Plot cho php hin cc im, cc ng, cc din tch, cc th tch, cc i tng ring bit c nh ngha. Cng nh vy, c th cho hin cc nt, cc phn t. Materials cho v th quan h vt liu vi nhit . Nhp vo Material, mt hp hi thoi xut hin cho php chn loi vt liu, phm vi nhit TMIN, TMAX cn v th. Data Tables Cho bng d liu; Array Parameters - cho v tham s di dng mng c nhp.

5. PlotCtrls - Kim sot v

Di chuyn, Phng to thu nh, Quay... Thit lp kiu hnh chiu nh s: t kha nh s im, ng, .. Cc k hiu: iu kin bin, Ti b mt... Kiu: Thit lp cc kiu v, mu, kiu ng... Kim sot Font: Vo chn Font cho cc k t. Kim sot Ca s: Chn cc dng ca s... Chn xa: Chn cch xa hnh. Hot hnh: To hot hnh vi cc File *.AVI. Ghi ch: Chn kiu ch gii 2D, 3D... Chn thit b: theo Mode Vector, Mode AVI , Bmp; To bn v vi cc kiu khc nhau (*.JPG, *.GRP... Sao vo File hoc vo my in Ghi cc kim sot v vo File theo ng dn, Ly ra cc kim sot c ghi, Thit lp li kim sot v, Bt nh: bt nh trn mn hnh, ghi vo File, Gi nh c ra mn hnh, theo ng dn, Ghi Metafile, Kim sot Multi-Plot: Chn ca s hnh nh v, i tng v.

6. Th mc Mt lm vic WorkPlane
Hin Mt ang lm vic WP Biu din trng thi mt lm vic WP Thit lp mt lm vic Offset mt lm vic theo s gia Offset mt lm vic Cn mt lm vic t im, ng, mt i h ta CS i biu din CS H ta a phng

7. Th mc Parameters

t t l cho tham s t t l cho d liu Tham s mng: nh ngha, c File.. t tham s mng Ton t mng: Ton vect, ma trn Th nguyn gc Ghi lu tham s Ly ra tham s

8.Th mc Macro
To macro: Son tho mt Macro Execute Macro bng cch nhp tham s ng dn tm Macro Execute nhm d liu Son tho mc Ghi lu mc Ly ra mc

9 Th mc MenuCtrl
Thanh cng c Bi ton c Thanh cng c Cp nht Thanh Son tho Thanh Ghi Thanh gi File Kim sot thng bo Lp Menu Ghi

2.4 Tm tt mt s lnh thng dng Cc lnh trong PREP7: Cc lnh trong mc ny c dng xy dng v b tr mt m hnh bi ton c th. - Nhm cc lnh v c s d liu - Database: Cc lnh PREP7 s dng c mt m hnh d liu vo trong kho c s d liu, a danh sch ra khi c s d liu, ng thi iu khin qu trnh nh s cc thc th trong c s d liu.

AFLIST

Sp xp cc d liu hin thi trong c s d liu. trong kho d liu.

CDREAD c mt file ca m hnh khi v cc thng tin d liu vo CDWRITE Vit kiu dng hnh hc v nhp cc mc d liu vo mt file. CHECK Kim tra tnh y ca cc mc d liu hin thi. IGESOUT Vit cc d liu m hnh khi vo mt file theo nh dng IGES phin bn 5.1. NUMCMP Nn thao tc nh s cc mc c nh ngha. NUMOFF Thm vo mt s khong trng cho cc mc c nh ngha. NUMSTR Thit lp cc s khi u cho vic t ng nh s cc mc. /PREP7 Bt u tin hnh cng vic to m hnh cho qu trnh tin x l. - Nhm cc lnh v kiu phn t - Element Type: Cc lnh PREP7 ny dng nh ngha kiu phn t c s dng trong m DOF ET ETCHG ETDELE ETLIST KEYOPT hnh. Thm s bc t do cho thit lp DOF hin thi. nh ngha mt kiu phn c th trong th vin phn t. Thay i cc kiu phn t cho ph hp vi cc kiu ca chng. Xo kiu phn t. Lit k cc kiu phn t c nh ngha hin thi. Thit lp cc la chn kho phn t.

- Nhm cc lnh v hng s - Real Constants: Cc lnh PREP7 ny cho php nh ngha kiu m hnh hng sc dng trong bi ton. R RDELE RLIST RMODIF RMORE nh ngha cc hng s thc phn t. Xa cc thit lp hng s thc. Xp xp cc thit lp hng s thc. Chnh sa cc thit lp hng s thc. Thm cc hng s thc vo trong mt thit lp.

- Nhm cc lnh v vt liu - Materials: Cc lnh PREP7 s dng nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu EMUNIT MP MPAMOD nh ngha h thng n v cho cc bi ton t trng. nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu tuyn tnh. Sa i cc h s ph thuc nhit ca qu trnh gi n n nhit. MPCOPY MPDELE /MPLIB MPLIST MPMOD MPUNDO MPREAD Sao chp d liu m hnh ca vt liu ny cho mt vt liu khc. Xa cc c tnh vt liu tuyn tnh. Thit lp ng dn c v vit t th vin. To danh sch cc thuc tnh vt liu tuyn tnh. Lin kt cc thuc tnh vt liu cho m hnh vt liu ng lc hc tng minh. Di chuyn cc m hnh vt liu lin kt c xc nh khng ng. c mt file c cha cc thuc tnh vt liu.

MPWRITE

Vit cc thuc tnh vt liu trong kho d liu vo mt file(nu nh vic chn th vin vt liu khng c xc nh).

- Nhm cc lnh v im - Keypoints: Cc lnh PREP7 ny c s dng to, chnh sa, lit k cc im. GSUM K KBETW KCENTER KDELE KDIST KFILL KGEN KL KLIST KMODIF KMOVE KNODE KPLOT KSUM Tnh ton v in cc m hnh hnh hc. nh ngha mt im. To mt im gia hai im sn c. To mt im ti tm ca ng trn c nh ngha qua ba v tr. Xo cc im khng c to li. Tnh ton v lit k khong cch gia hai im. To cc im nm trong hai im c. To thm cc im t mt phn ca cc im. To mt im ti v tr c xc nh trn mt ng thng c sn. Lit k cc im c nh ngha. Chnh sa cc im c sn. Tnh ton v di chuyn mt im n v tr giao nhau. nh ngha mt im ti v tr ca mt nt c sn. Hin th cc im c la chn. Tnh ton v in cc thng k hnh hc ca cc im c chn.

KTRAN SOURCE

Di chuyn mt phn cc im n mt h ta khc. nh ngha mt v tr mc nh cho cc nt hoc cc im khng c nh ngha.

- Nhm cc lnh v ng - Lines: Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v cc ng. L L2ANG L2TAN LARC LAREA LDELE LDIV LEXTND LFILLT LGEN LLIST LPLOT nh ngha mt ng gia hai im. To mt ng thng ti gc sinh ra bi hai ng thng. To mt ng thng tip tuyn vi hai ng thng. nh ngha mt cung trn. To mt ng ngn nht gi hai im trn mt mt. Xo cc ng thng khng c to li. Chia mt ng thng ra hai hay nhiu ng thng Ko di mt ng thng thng qua h s gc ca n. To mt ng vng gia hai ng ct nhau. To thm cc ng thng t mt phn ca ng thng. Lit k cc ng thng c nh ngha. Biu din cc im c chn.

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v to li - Meshing: Cc lnh PREP7 dng to li m hnh khi vi cc nt v cc phn t. ACLEAR Xo cc nt v phn t mt lin kt vi cc mt c la chn.

AESIZE AMAP AREFINE CLRMSHLN DESIZE ESIZE

Xc nh kch thc phn t c to li trn cc mt. To mt bn li 2-D da trn cc phng xc nh ca mt. Lm tinh li xung quanh cc mt c xcnh. Xo cc thc th c to li. iu khin qu trnh mc nh kch thc ca cc phn t. Xc nh s khong chia ca ng thng.

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v nt - Nodes: Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v, cc nt. FILL sn. MOVE N NDELE NDIST NGEN NLIST NMODIF NPLOT NREAD NWRITE Tnh ton v di chuyn mt n mt giao im. nh ngha mt nt. Xo cc nt. Tnh ton v lit k khong cch gia hai nt. To thm nt t mt phn ca nt. Lit k cc nt. Chnh sa mt nt c sn. Biu din cc nt. c cc nt t mt file. Vit cc nt vo mt file. To mt ng thng lin kt cc nt gia hai nt c

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v phn t - Elements: Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v, cc phn t. E EDELE EGEN ELIST EMODIF EMORE ENGEN EPLOT EREAD EWRITE nh ngha mt phn t qua lin kt nt. Xo cc phn t c la chn t m hnh. To cc phn t t mt phn c sn. Lit k cc phn t. Chnh sa phn t c nh ngha trc . Thm vo cc nt tng xng vi phn t c nh ngha. To cc phn t t mt phn c sn. Hin th cc phn t. c cc phn t t mt file. Vit cc phn t vo file.

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v bc t do ghp i - Coupled DOF: Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k cc bc t do ghp i. CP CPDELE CPLGEN CPLIST CPNGEN nh ngha hoc chnh sa mt cp bc t do. Xo cc thit lp cho cp bc t do. To ra cc thit lp cc cp nt t thit lp c sn. Lit k cc thit lp cp bc t do. nh ngha, chnh sa, hoc thm vo thit lp mt cp bc t do.

- Nhm cc lnh v mt ct ngang - Cross Sections: Cc lnh PREP7 ny dng iu khin mt ct ngang. SDELETE SECDATA SECPLOT Xo mt ct ngang t kho d liu ca ANSYS. M t hnh hc ca mt mt ct ngang dm. In hnh dng hnh hc mt ct ngang ca dm.

Cc lnh trong Solution: Cc lnh ny c dng nhp v gii quyt tnh ton cc m hnh bi ton. - Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn kiu phn tch - Analysis Options: Cc lnh SOLUTION dng thit lp cc la chn phn tch cho bi ton. ANTYPE SEOPT /SOLU SOLVE Xc nh kiu phn tch v bt u li mt tin trnh. Xc nh cc la chn phn tch cu trc con. Nhp qu trnh x l gii. Bt u mt qu trnh gii.

- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn gii bi ton phi tuyn Nonlinear Options: Cc lnh SOLUTION s dng nh ngha cc la chn cho qu trnh phn tch bi ton phi tuyn Xc nh s lng cc kiu (mode) m rng v vit MXPAND cho bi ton phn tch dao ng ring hay bi ton phn tch n nh.

NCNV NLGEOM NROPT

t kha gii hn cho qu trnh phn tch bi ton. Tnh n cc kt qu bin dng trong bi ton phn tch tnh hay bi ton qu hon ton. Xc nh phng php gii Newton-Raphson cho bi ton phn tch tnh hay bi ton qu hon ton.

- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn ng lc hc - Dynamic Options: Cc lnh SOLUTION xc nh cc la chn cho bi ton ng lc hc. MDAMP MODOPT MXPAND Xc nh t s tt dn l mt hm ca mt kiu (mode). Xcnh la chn phn tch cho bi ton dao ng ring. Xc nh s lng cc kiu mu (mode) t m rng cho c bi ton v vit cho bi ton dao dng ring hay bi ton n nh. TIMINT TINTP TRNOPT Ly cc kt qu tc thi. nh ngha cc thng s tc thi. Xc nh la chn phn tch cho bi ton tc thi.

- Nhm lnh v cc thao tc hn hp - Miscellaneous Loads: Cc lnh SOLUTION dng cho qu trnh nh ngha v iu khin hn hp OUTPR iu khin qu trnh in ra li gii. liu. SBCLIST Lit k cc iu kin bin m hnh khi.

OUTRES iu khin qu trnh vit cc kt qu gii vo trong kho d

- Nhm cc lnh v bc t do chnh - Master DOF: Cc lnh SOLUTION dng xc nh cc bc t do chnh. M nh ngha bc t do chnh cho bi ton phn tch thu gn (sau m rng cc kt qu bi ton bng lnh MXPAND). MDELE MGEN MLIST TOTAL Xa nh ngha cc bc t do chnh. To thm cc bc t do chnh MDOF cho thit lp nh ngha trc . Lit k cc bc t do chnh. Xc lp qu trnh t ng to cc bc t do chnh MDOF. - Nhm cc lnh vcc lin kt phn t hu hn - FE Constraints: Cc lnh SOLUTION dng xc nh cc iu kin lin kt trn m hnh phn t hu hn D DDELE DLIST LDREAD nh ngha cc iu kin DOF ti cc nt (bc t do ti cc nt). Xo cc iu kin bc t do. Lit k cc iu kin DOF. c kt qu t file v p dng cho bi ton nh l d liu nhp vo. Cc lnh POST1: Nhng lnh ny dng cho chng trnh x l cui cng cc kt qu t cc kt qu ca bi ton gii.

- Nhm lnh v thao tc Set Up: Cc lnh POST1 dng nhp d liu vo trong kho d liu cho qu trnh hu x l. APPEND c d liu t file kt qu v gn chng vi kho d liu. DESOL nh ngha, chnh sa cc kt qu gii ti mt nt ca phn t. DETAB Chnh sa bng kt qu phn t trong kho d liu. DNSOL nh ngha hoc chnh sa kt qu gii ti mt nt. FILE Xc nh r file d liu m t cc kt qu c tm thy.

/POST1 Nhp qu trnh hu x l kt qu. RESET SET Thit lp cc lnh POST1, POST26 v gi tr mc nh ban u. nh ngha vic thit lp d liu c c t cc file kt qu. - Nhm cc lnh v kt qu - Results: Cc lnh POST1 c s dng x l cc kt qu c lu tr ca cc nt hay phn t, nh cc kt qu DOF, cc ng sut nt PLDISP PLESOL PLNSOL PLVECT PRNSOL PRRSOL Biu din cu trc chuyn v. Biu din cc kt qu gii theo phn t Biu din cc kt qu gii theo nt Biu din cc kt qu l cc vec t. In cc kt qu gii nt. In cc kt qu tnh theo phn lc.

Cc lnh POST26: Cc lnh s dng x l kt qu i vi nhng bi ton c lin quan n cc bc thi gian. - Nhm cc lnh v thao tc thit lp mi trng - Set Up Cc lnh POST26 dng lu tr d liu cho qu trnh x l. DATA ESOL FILE NSOL Nhp cc bn ghi d liu t file vo bin s. Xc nh d liu phn t c lu tr t cc file kt qu. Xc nh cc file d liu t ly cc kt qu ra. Xc nh cc d liu thuc nt c lu tr t file kt qu. POST26. /POST26 Tin hnh qu trnh hu x l bi ton theo bc thi gian. RFORCE Xc nh ton b cc d liu phn lc c lu tr. SOLU Xc nh cc li gii c lu tr cho mi bc thi gian.

NUMVAR Xc nh s lng bin s c php s dng trong

2.5 Mt s c php khai bo cu lnh trong ANSYS Cc khai bo lnh trong tin x l Preprocessor (/PREP7): 1. Khai bo kiu phn t: ET: Kiu phn t. C php: ET, ITYPE, Ename, KOP1,...., KOP6, INOPR. Hm: Kiu phn t, gi kiu phn t trong th vin phn t. Tham s: ITYPE: S th t ca kiu phn t trong m hnh hnh hc. Ename: Tn m kiu phn t.

KOP1~KOP6: Chn cc tham s, kiu bi ton (Tu chn theo kiu phn t). INOPR: Mc nh =1, tt c li gii theo phn t trong xut kt qu kiu bng s b hu. ETDELET: Xa kiu phn t C php: ETDELET, ITYP1, ITYP2, INC. Hm: Lnh xo kiu phn t c nh ngha. Tham s: ITYP1: Xo kiu phn t nh ngha u. ITYP2: Xo kiu phn t nh ngha cui INC: Bc nhy t ITYP1 v ITYP2, mc nh = 1. ETABLE: Bng phn t C php: ETABLE, Lab, ITEM, COMP. Hm: Lp bng d liu phn t. Tham s: Lab: Nh n. ITEM, COMP: Cc i lng c k trong bng. 2. Khai bo vt liu: R hoc REAL: Khai bo cc hng s vt liu. C php: R, NSET, R1, R2, R3,...R6. Hm: R hoc Real khai bo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt liu. Tham s: NSET: S hiu vt liu khai bo.

R1~R6: Cc m nhn cc hng s vt liu (Th d R1: nhp din tch mt ct, cc tham s cn nhp khc nh cc c trng hnh hc, m men qun tnh). RMORE: Khai tip cc hng s vt liu C php: RMORE, R7, R8,..., R12. Hm: Khai bo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt liu(tip). Tham s: R7~R12: Cc tham s vt liu nh s t 7 n 12. RDELE: Xa hng s vt liu C php: RDELE, NSET1, NSET2, NINC. Hm: Xo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt liu nh ngha. Tham s: NSET1: Xo phn t nh ngha u tin. NSET2: Xo phn t nh ngha sau cng. NINC: Bc gia NSET1 v NSET2, mc nh =1. MP: Thuc tnh vt liu C php: MP, Lab, Mat, C0, C1, C2, , C4. Hm: Xc nh cc hng s thuc tnh vt l v nhit ca vt liu. Tham s: Lab: Cc nh n ca thuc tnh: EX: M dun n hi theo trc X. EY: M dun n hi theo trc Y. EZ: M dun n hi theo trc Z. GXY: M un trt theo mt X-Y.

GXZ: M un trt theo mt X-Z. GYZ: M un trt theo mt Y-Z. NUXY: H s Poisson trn mt X-Y. NUXZ: H s Poisson trn mt X-Z. NUYZ: H s Poisson trn mt Y-Z. MU: H s ma st (Theo nh lut Coulomb). Cc h s vt l khc nh h s d n n nhit, h s n hi MAT: H s vt liu. Khi tnh cht vt liu bin i theo thi gian, nhit c th biu din theo a thc: H(T) = C0 + C1T + C.T2 + C3.T3 + C4.T4. Cc h s C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 l cc h s ca a thc. MPDELET: Xa thuc tnh vt liu C php: MPDELET, Lab, MAT1, MAT2, INC. Hm: Xo khai bo thuc tnh vt liu. Tham s: Lab: Cc nh n ca thuc tnh vt liu MAT1: Nh n vt liu u. MAT2: Nh n vt liu cui. INC: Bc nhy gia nh n 1 v nh n 2. 3. Xy dng m hnh FEM: N: nh ngha nt. C php: N, NODE, X, Y, Z, THXY, THYZ, THZX. Hm: nh ngha nt trong h ta c chn. Tham s: NODE: S th t nt. X, Y, Z: Ta ca nt trong h ta c chn.

THXY: Gc quay ca trc XY. THYZ: Gc quay ca trc YZ. THZX: Gc quay ca trc ZX. FILL: in nt chen gia 2 nt bit C php: FILL, NODE1, NODE2, NFILL. Hm: in chn cc nt gia hai c nh ngha Tham s: NODE1: Nt u. NODE2: Nt cui trong an cn chia. NFILL: Chia u khong v in nt vo khong gia. 4. Lnh xy dng m hnh hnh hc: POINTS: im K C php: K, NPT, X, Y, Z. Hm: nh ngha im hnh hc. Tham s: NPT: S th t im. X, Y, Z: Ta im. KFILL C php: KFILL, NP1, NP2, NFILL. Hm: in cc im gia hai im cho trc. Tham s: NP1: S th t ca im th nht. NP2: S th t ca im th hai. NFILL: S im cn chia gia NP1 v NP2.

Line: ng L C php: L, P1, P2. Hm: nh ngha ng t 2 ng cho trc. Tham s: P1: im u. P2: im cui. LDIV C php:LDIV, NL1, RATIO, PDIV, NDIV, KEEP. Hm: Chia ng thnh nhiu an phn t. Tham s: NL1: S hiu ng cn chia. RATIO: T l chiu di cn chia. PDIV: S im chia. NDIV: S lng an mi, mc nh =2. KEEP = 0: ng c b xo. = 1: ng c gi nguyn. AREA C php: A, P1, P2, P3, P4, ... Hm: nh ngha din tch t cc im bit Tham s: P1, ..., P9: Cc im c nh ngha VOLUM V C php: V, P1,..., P8 Hm: nh ngha th tch t cc im bit

Tham s: P1, ..., P8: Cc im c nh ngha VA C php: VA, A1, ..., A10. Hm: nh ngha din tch t cc din tch nh ngha Tham s: A1, ..., A10: Cc din tch c nh ngha Cc khai bo lnh trong H gii bi ton Solution (/SOLU): 1. nh kiu bi ton: ANTYPE C php:ANTYPE, Type, Status. Hm: Chn kiu tnh ton. Tham s: Type: Static (=0): Phn tch tnh. Buckle (=1): Phn tch lp. Modal (=2): Phn tch kiu MOD. Harmic (=3): Phn tch dao ng iu ho. Trans (=4): Phn tch chuyn i. Substr (=7): Phn tch cu trc con. Spectr (=8): Phn tch ph. Status: New: Trng thi tnh. est: Khi ng li bi ton c. Mc nh: ANTYP, Static, New. 2. Lin kt v gi ta D

C php: D,NODE,Lab,VALUE,VALUE2,NEND,NINC,Lab2,., Lab6. Hm: nh ngha lin kt, chuyn v v gc quay ca nt t do DOF. Tham s: NODE: Tn nt. Lab: Nh n UX, UY, UZ chuyn v. ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ: Gc quay. VALUE: Gi tr chuyn v hoc quay. VALUE2: Gi tr o. NEND: Nt kt thc t lin kt. NINC: Bc tin nt t NODE n NEND. Lab2,,Lab6: Cc bc chuyn v / quay b sung. DSYM C php:DSYM, Lab, Norm, KCN. Hm: Xc nh lin kt trn mt i xng. Tham s: Lab: SYM: iu kin bin i xng. ASYM: iu kin bin phn i xng. Norm: X, Y, Z: Php tuyn ca mt phng i xng. KCN: H ta xc nh mt phng i xng. 3. t ti: F C php: F, NODE, Lab, VALUE, VALUE2, NEND, NINC. Hm: t lc tp trung ti cc nt. Tham s: NODE: Tn nt.

Lab: Nh n FX, FY, FZ: Lc. MX, MY, MZ:Mmen. VALUE: Gi tr lc hoc mmen. VALUE2: Gi tr o. NEND: Nt kt thc. NINC: Bc tin t nt NODE n NEND. TUNIF C php: TUNIF, TEMP. Hm: nh ngha nhit nt n v. Tham s: TEMP: Tr s nhit . CDWRITE C php: CDWRITE, Option, Fname, Ext, Dir. Hm: Ghi d liu hnh hc v ti vo File m ASCII. Tham s: Option SOLVE C php: SOLVE. Hm: Khi ng tnh ton. Cc khai bo lnh trong hu x l Postprocessor (/POST1, /POST26): Hu x l c nhim v xut cc kt qu theo yu cu ngi dng vi iu kin c th, cc d liu c th xut di dng bng, th, file d liu 1. t bc x l: SET ALL: Tt c cc d liu. GEOM: D liu hnh hc.

C php: SET, LSTEP, SBSTEP, FACT, KIMG, TIME, ANGLE. Hm: c cc d liu t file.RST cc kt qu c lu sau khi x l SOLUTION x l trong postprocessor. Tham s: LSTEP: t s bc tnh ca d liu vo c. SBSTEP: t s bc tnh con. FACT: T l mc nh = 1.0 KIMG =0: Phn thc dng khi phn tch phc s. =1: Phn o khi phn tch phc s. TIME: Thi gian. ANGLE: Gc lch pha trong bi ton dao ng iu ho. 2. V chuyn v: PLDISP C php: PLDISP, KUND. Hm: Biu din chuyn v ca cc phn t c chn. Tham s: KUND = 0: Ch biu din hnh cc phn t chuyn v. = 1: Biu din hnh chuyn v v cha chuyn v. =2: Biu din nh 1 nhng c mi lin kt gia phn chuyn v v cha chuyn v. KSCAL = 0: Biu din c t theo t l cho hnh khng bin dng. = 1: Biu din c t theo t l cho hnh bin dng. 3. Biu din kt qu bng bng: PRRSOL

C php: PRRSOL, Lab. Hm: Biu din kt qu tnh ton theo cc nt di dng bng. Tham s: LAB: FX, FY, FZ. MX, MY, MZ. 4. Cc lnh iu khin mn hnh - Lnh chn mn hnh v ca s: /SHOW C php: /SHOW, Fname, EXT, VECT, NCPL. Hm: V th theo cc s liu tnh ton. Tham s: Fname: Tn file nh, nu dng mn hnh VGA ca PC cn gi ra EXT: Tn kiu file nh. VECT = 0: Raster mode. = 1: Vector mode. NCPL: nh mu: 4 = 16 mu; 8 = 256 mu. /WINDOW C php: /WINDOW, WN, XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX, / WINDOW, WN, TOP (BOT, LEFT, RIGHT) Hm: Tham s: WN: S th t ca cc ca s (t 1~5) XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX: To ca cc ca s. nh ngha ca s lm vic.

Chng 3 ng DNG Phn mm ansys gii bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring ca mt s kiu dm c bn Chng 3 ny, ta s ng dng phn mm ANSYS gii bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring ca mt s kiu dm ng cht c bn. Ni dung ch yu gii thiu mt s chng trnh tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un thun tu ca mt s kiu dm ng vi cc iu kin bin khc nhau. 3.1 Gii thiu v phn t dm BEAM3 3.1.1 M t phn t BEAM3 (2-D Elastic Beam) BEAM3 l phn t dm n hi 2D dng trc c kh nng chu c sc ko, chu nn, v chu un. Phn t ny c ba bc t do ti mi nt: tnh tin theo cc trc X, Y v quay quanh trc Z.

Hnh 3.1. M t dm BEAM3. Trong hnh v trn, m t cc v tr nt v h to cho phn t dm ny. Phn t BEAM3 c nh ngha bi hai nt (I, J), mt din tch mt ct ngang (A), m men chng un (I), chiu cao dm (H), v cc thuc

tnh ca vt liu khc nh: mt khi ( ), m un n hi (E) l nhng gi tr m ta cn khai bo trong chng trnh. 3.1.2 Khai bo phn t dm BEAM3 ANSYS quy nh cc khai bo trong phn t dm BEAM3 nh sau: Tn phn t (Element Name): BEAM3 Cc nt (Nodes): I, J Cc bc t do (Degrees of Freedom): UX, UY, ROTZ Cc hng s (Real Constans): Din tch mt ct (Area), m men chng un (Iyy), chiu cao (H). Cc thuc tnh vt liu (Material Properties): M un n hi (EX), mt khi (DENS). 3.2 Cc bi ton c th 3.2.1 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm ch nht mt u ngm bi: Cho dm ch nht c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.2. M hnh dm ch nht mt u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.1010 N/m2; = 7850 kg/ m. H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m. Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm. Chng trnh ANSYS nh sau: /UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS

/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT MOT DAU NGAM JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG /SHOW,JPEG /PREP7 ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG ! Lnh tin x l

/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu cho bi ton ET,1,BEAM3 MP,EX,1,20E10 ! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.1010 N/m2.

MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m. R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch A = 0.24E-2 K,1 K,2,2.3 L,1,2 LESIZE,ALL,,,30 LMESH,1 FINISH /SOLU ANTYPE,MODAL m2, mmen chng un I= 0.72E-6 m4, H = 0.06m. ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0. ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3. ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2. ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong. ! Chia li ng thng. ! Kt thc tin x l. ! Lnh gii. ! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL.

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 thu gn. MXPAND

! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)

! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE cho c bi ton.

M,3,UY,31

! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt 3 n nt 31.

M,2,UY OUTPR,ALL,ALL DK,1,ALL

! nh ngha bc t do chnh theo trc Y ti nt 2. ! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra. ! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti nt 1 (mt u ngm).

PSOLVE,ELFORM PSOLVE,TRIANG PSOLVE,EIGREDUC

! To cc ma trn phn t. ! a ra ma trn ng cho. ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng. phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.

PSOLVE,EIGEXP FINISH /POST1 SET,LIST

! M rng qu trnh gii bi ton cc vect ring. ! Kt thc qu trnh gii. ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1. ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii x l trong /POST1 theo th t.

SET,1,1 PLDISP,1 SET,1,2 PLDISP,1 SET,1,3

! c li gii ca bc tnh 1. ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 2. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 3.

PLDISP,1 SET,1,4 PLDISP,1 SET,1,5 PLDISP,1 SET,1,6 PLDISP,1 SET,1,7 PLDISP,1 SET,1,8 PLDISP,1 SET,1,9 PLDISP,1 SET,1,10 PLDISP,1 PRNSOL,U,COMP PRNSOL,ROT,COMP /POST26

! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 3. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 4. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 4. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 5. ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 6. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 6. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 7. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 7. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 8. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 8. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 9. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 9. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 10. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 10. ! V chuyn v ca nt. ! V gc xoay ca nt. ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1. *GET,FREQ,MODE,2,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 2. *GET,FREQ,MODE,3,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 3. *GET,FREQ,MODE,4,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 4. *GET,FREQ,MODE,5,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 5.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,6,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 6. *GET,FREQ,MODE,7,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 7. *GET,FREQ,MODE,8,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 8. *GET,FREQ,MODE,9,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 9. *GET,FREQ,MODE,10,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 10. FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh ton nh sau: A. Cc gi tr tn s ring - f (Hertz) ca 10 MODE u tin: *GET FREQ FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 9.24695589 *GET FREQ FROM MODE 2 ITEM=FREQ *GET FREQ FROM MODE 3 ITEM=FREQ *GET FREQ FROM MODE 4 ITEM=FREQ *GET FREQ FROM MODE 5 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 57.9041432 VALUE= 161.928262 VALUE= 316.732172 VALUE= 522.343901

*GET FREQ FROM MODE 6 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 778.048536 *GET FREQ FROM MODE 7 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 1083.04252 *GET FREQ FROM MODE 8 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 1436.41244 *GET FREQ FROM MODE 9 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 1837.16618 *GET FREQ FROM MODE 10 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 2284.26835 B/ Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm ch nht:

Hnh 3.3. Mt ct ngang ca dm ch nht v cc s liu v mt ct. C. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.4. Dng dao ng ring th 1 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.5 Dng dao ng ring th 2 v 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2 v 3.

Hnh 3.6. Dng dao ng ring th 3 v 4 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 3 v 4.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng un ca dm ch nht mt u ngm ANSYS gii so vi phng php gii tch S th t MODE Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo ANSYS Bng 1

Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo gii tch

(rad/s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 58,1003374 363,8224618 1017,425277 1990,086929 3281,983524 4888,623130 6804,956849 9025,245538 11543,25555 14352,48133

(rad/s)
40,7779 367,001 1019,45 1998,12 3303,01 4934,13 6891,47 9175,03 11784,8 14720,8

3.2.2 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm ch nht hai u ngm bi: Cho dm ch nht c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.7. M hnh dm ch nht hai u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.1010 N/m2; = 7850 kg/ m. H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m. Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm. Chng trnh gii bng ANSYS nh sau: /UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS

/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU NGAM JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG /SHOW,JPEG /PREP7 ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG ! Lnh tin x l

/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU NGAM ! t tiu cho bi ton ET,1,BEAM3 MP,EX,1,20E10 ! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.1010 N/m2.

MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m. R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch A = 0.24E-2m2, mmen chng un I= 0.72E-6 m4, H = 0.06m. K,1 K,2,2.3 L,1,2 LESIZE,ALL,,,30 LMESH,1 FINISH /SOLU ANTYPE,MODAL ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0. ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3. ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2. ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong. ! Chia li ng thng. ! Kt thc tin x l. ! Lnh gii. ! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL.

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 thu gn. MXPAND

! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)

! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE cho c bi ton.

M,3,UY,31

! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt 3 n nt 31.

OUTPR,ALL,ALL DK,1,ALL

! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra. ! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti nt 1.

DK,2,ALL

! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti nt (ngm hai u).

PSOLVE,ELFORM PSOLVE,TRIANG PSOLVE,EIGREDUC

! To cc ma trn phn t. ! a ra ma trn ng cho. ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng. phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.

PSOLVE,EIGEXP FINISH /POST1 SET,LIST

! M rng qu trnh gii cc vect ring. ! Kt thc qu trnh gii. ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1. ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii x l trong /POST1 theo th t.

SET,1,1 PLDISP,1 SET,1,2 PLDISP,1

! c li gii ca bc tnh 1. ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 2. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2.

SET,1,3 PLDISP,1 SET,1,4 PLDISP,1 SET,1,5 PLDISP,1 SET,1,6 PLDISP,1 SET,1,7 PLDISP,1 SET,1,8 PLDISP,1 SET,1,9 PLDISP,1 SET,1,10 PLDISP,1 PRNSOL,U,COMP PRNSOL,ROT,COMP /POST26

! c li gii ca bc tnh 3. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 3. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 4. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 4. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 5. ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 6. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 6. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 7. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 7. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 8. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 8. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 9. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 9. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 10. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 10. ! V chuyn v ca nt. ! V gc xoay ca nt. ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1. *GET,FREQ,MODE,2,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 2. *GET,FREQ,MODE,3,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 3. *GET,FREQ,MODE,4,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 4.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,5,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 5. *GET,FREQ,MODE,6,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 6. *GET,FREQ,MODE,7,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 7. *GET,FREQ,MODE,8,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 8. *GET,FREQ,MODE,9,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 9. *GET,FREQ,MODE,10,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 10. FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS gii nh sau: A. Cc gi tr tn s ring ca 10 kiu (MODE): *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ *GET FREQ FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ 2 ITEM=FREQ 3 ITEM=FREQ 4 ITEM=FREQ 5 ITEM=FREQ 6 ITEM=FREQ 7 ITEM=FREQ 8 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 58.8279555 VALUE= 162.007135 VALUE= 317.128096 VALUE= 523.169776 VALUE= 779.540977 VALUE= 1085.47460 VALUE= 1440.09327 VALUE= 1842.43532

*GET FREQ *GET FREQ

FROM MODE

9 ITEM=FREQ

VALUE= 2291.49165 FROM MODE 10 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 2786.25215 B. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.8. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.9a. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2.

Hnh 3.9b. Dng dao ng ring th 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 3.

Hnh 3.10. Dng dao ng ring th 4 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 4. Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng v un ca dm ch nht hai u ngm ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch S th t MODE Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo ANSYS Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo PP gii tch (rad/s) 367,001 1019,45 1998,12 3303,01 4934,13 6891,47

(rad/s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 369,6269456 1017,920850 1992,574593 3287,172650 4898,000413 6820,238058

7 8 9 10

9048,372875 11576,36253 14397,86667 17506,53857

9175,03 11784,8 14720,8 17983,1

3.2.3 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm ch nht hai u bn l bi: Cho dm ch nht c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.11. M hnh dm ch nht hai u bn l. Trong : E = 20.1010 N/m2; = 7850 kg/ m. H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m. Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm. Chng trnh gii bng ANSYS nh sau: /UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS.

/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU BAN LE JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG /SHOW,JPEG /PREP7 ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG ! Lnh tin x l

/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU BAN LE ! t tiu cho bi ton

ET,1,BEAM3 MP,EX,1,20E10

! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.1010 N/m2.

MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m. R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch A = 0.24E-2 m2, mmen chng un I= 0.72E-6 m4, H = 0.06m. K,1 K,2,2.3 L,1,2 LESIZE,ALL,,,30 LMESH,1 FINISH /SOLU ANTYPE,MODAL ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0. ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3. ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2. ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong. ! Chia li ng thng. ! Kt thc tin x l. ! Lnh gii. ! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL. ! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 thu gn. MXPAND M,3,UY,31

! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE. ! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt 3 n nt 31.

OUTPR,ALL,ALL DK,1,UX, , , , ,UY theo DK,2,UY

! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra. ! t iu kin bin hn ch cc bc t do phng UX v UY ti nt 1. ! t iu kin bin hn ch cc bc t do theo phng UY ti nt (hai u bn l).

PSOLVE,ELFORM PSOLVE,TRIANG PSOLVE,EIGREDUC

! To cc ma trn phn t. ! a ra ma trn ng cho. ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng. phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.

PSOLVE,EIGEXP FINISH /POST1 SET,LIST

! M rng qu trnh gii cc vect ring. ! Kt thc qu trnh gii. ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1. ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii x l trong /POST1 theo th t.

SET,1,1 PLDISP,1 SET,1,2 PLDISP,1 SET,1,3 PLDISP,1 SET,1,4 PLDISP,1 SET,1,5 PLDISP,1 SET,1,6 PLDISP,1 SET,1,7 PLDISP,1 SET,1,8

! c li gii ca bc tnh 1. ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 2. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 3. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 3. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 4. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 4. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 5. ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 6. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 6. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 7. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 7. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 8.

PLDISP,1 SET,1,9 PLDISP,1 SET,1,10 PLDISP,1 PRNSOL,U,COMP PRNSOL,ROT,COMP /POST26

! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 8. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 9. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 9. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 10. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 10. ! V chuyn v ca nt. ! V gc xoay ca nt. ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1. *GET,FREQ,MODE,2,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 2. *GET,FREQ,MODE,3,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 3. *GET,FREQ,MODE,4,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 4. *GET,FREQ,MODE,5,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 5. *GET,FREQ,MODE,6,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 6. *GET,FREQ,MODE,7,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 7. *GET,FREQ,MODE,8,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 8. *GET,FREQ,MODE,9,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 9. *GET,FREQ,MODE,10,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 10. FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh ton nh sau: A. Cc gi tr tn s ring ca 10 kiu (MODE): *GET FREQ 25.9527589 FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE=

*GET FREQ 103.724169 *GET FREQ 233.055525 *GET FREQ 413.522054 *GET FREQ 644.542782 *GET FREQ 925.394925 *GET FREQ 1255.23344 *GET FREQ 1633.11662 *GET FREQ 2058.03894 *GET FREQ 2528.97276

FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE FROM MODE

2 ITEM=FREQ 3 ITEM=FREQ 4 ITEM=FREQ 5 ITEM=FREQ 6 ITEM=FREQ 7 ITEM=FREQ 8 ITEM=FREQ 9 ITEM=FREQ 10 ITEM=FREQ

VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE= VALUE=

B. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.12. Dng dao ng ring th 1 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.13. Dng dao ng ring th 2 v 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2 v 3.

Hnh 3.14. Dng dao ng ring th 4 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 4.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm ch nht hai u bn l ANSYS gii v kt qu gii tch S th t MODE Tn s ring dao ng tnh theo ANSYS Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo gii tch

(rad/s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 trn mt u ngm 163,0659934 651,7181747 1464,331050 2598,235694 4049,781738 5814,427796 7886,864307 10261,17435 12931,04003 15890,00449

(rad/s)
163,112 652,446 1468 2609,79 4077,79 5872,02 7992,47 10439,1 13212 16311,2

3.2.4 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm hnh bi: Cho dm hnh trn c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.15. M hnh dm trn mt u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.1010 N/m2; = 7850 kg/ m. d = 0,1 m; L = 2,3 m. Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm. Chng trnh gii bng ANSYS nh sau: /UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS.

/VERIFY,DAM TIET DIEN TRON MOT DAU NGAM JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG /SHOW,JPEG /PREP7 ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG ! Lnh tin x l

/TITLE,DAM TIET DIEN TRON MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu ET,1,BEAM3 MP,EX,1,20E10 ! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.1010 N/m2.

MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m. R,1,0.78479E-2,0.48986E-5,0.1 un K,1 K,2,2.3 L,1,2 LESIZE,ALL,,,30 LMESH,1 FINISH /SOLU ANTYPE,MODAL ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: I= 0.48986E-5 m4, H = d = 0.1m. Din tch A=0.78479E-2 m2, mmen chng ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0. ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3. ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2. ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong. ! Chia li ng thng. ! Kt thc tin x l. ! Lnh gii. ! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL.

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 thu gn. MXPAND M,3,UY,31

! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)

! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE ! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt 3 n nt 31.

M,2,UY OUTPR,ALL,ALL DK,1,ALL

! nh ngha bc t do chnh theo trc Y ti nt 2. ! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra. ! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti nt 1 (mt u ngm).

PSOLVE,ELFORM PSOLVE,TRIANG PSOLVE,EIGREDUC

! To cc ma trn phn t. ! a ra ma trn ng cho. ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng. phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.

PSOLVE,EIGEXP FINISH /POST1 SET,LIST

! M rng qu trnh gii cc vect ring. ! Kt thc qu trnh gii. ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1. ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii x l trong /POST1 theo th t.

SET,1,1 PLDISP,1 SET,1,2 PLDISP,1 SET,1,3 PLDISP,1

! c li gii ca bc tnh 1. ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 2. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 3. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 3.

SET,1,4 PLDISP,1 SET,1,5 PLDISP,1 SET,1,6 PLDISP,1 SET,1,7 PLDISP,1 SET,1,8 PLDISP,1 SET,1,9 PLDISP,1 SET,1,10 PLDISP,1 PRNSOL,U,COMP PRNSOL,ROT,COMP /POST26

! c li gii ca bc tnh 4. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 4. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 5. ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 6. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 6. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 7. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 7. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 8. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 8. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 9. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 9. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 10. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 10. ! V chuyn v ca nt. ! V gc xoay ca nt. ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1. *GET,FREQ,MODE,2,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 2. *GET,FREQ,MODE,3,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 3. *GET,FREQ,MODE,4,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 4. *GET,FREQ,MODE,5,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 5. *GET,FREQ,MODE,6,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 6.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,7,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 7. *GET,FREQ,MODE,8,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 8. *GET,FREQ,MODE,9,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 9. *GET,FREQ,MODE,10,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 10. FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS gii nh sau: A. Cc gi tr tn s ring ca 10 kiu (MODE): *GET FREQ 13.3363071 *GET FREQ 83.4407138 *GET FREQ 233.023367 *GET FREQ 454.896305 *GET FREQ 748.304339 *GET FREQ 1111.21255 *GET FREQ 1541.29101 *GET FREQ 2035.92222 FROM MODE 8 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 7 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 6 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 5 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 4 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 3 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 2 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE=

*GET FREQ 2592.28663 *GET FREQ 3207.45277

FROM MODE FROM MODE

9 ITEM=FREQ 10 ITEM=FREQ

VALUE= VALUE=

B/ Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm hnh trn:

Hnh 3.16. Mt ct ngang ca dm hnh trn v cc s liu v mt ct. C. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.17.Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.18. Dng dao ng ring th 2 v 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2 v 3.

Hnh 3.19. Dng dao ng ring th 3 v 4 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 4 v 5.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm trn mt u ngm ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch S th t MODE Tn s ring dao ng tnh theo ANSYS Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo gii tch (rad/s) 58,497 529,647 1471,24 2883,63 4766,82 7120,81 9945,59 13241,2 17007,6 21244,7

(rad/s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ch I mt u ngm 83,7944888 524,2734670 1464,128996 2858,197780 4701,734828 6981,954367 9684,217028 12792,07658 16287,81727 20153,02012

3.2.5 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm bi: Cho dm ch I c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.20. M hnh dm ch I mt u ngm.

trong : E = 20.1010 N/m2; = 7850 kg/ m. H = 0,1 m; L = 2,3 m; b = 0,055 m; t = 7,2.10 -3 m; d= 4,5. 10 -3 m. Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm. Chng trnh gii bng ANSYS nh sau: /UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS:

/VERIFY,DAM TIET DIEN CHU I MOT DAU NGAM JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG /SHOW,JPEG /PREP7 ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG ! Lnh tin x l

/TITLE,DAM TIET DIEN CHU I MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu . ET,1,BEAM3 MP,EX,1,20E10 ! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.1010 N/m2.

MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m. R,1,0.11772E-2,0.19438E-5,0.1 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch A=0.11772E-2 m2, mmen chng un I= 0.19438E-5 m4, H = 0.1m. K,1 K,2,2.3 L,1,2 LESIZE,ALL,,,30 LMESH,1 FINISH /SOLU ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0. ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3. ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2. ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong. ! Chia li ng thng. ! Kt thc tin x l. ! Lnh gii.

ANTYPE,MODAL

! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL. ! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 thu gn. MXPAND M,3,UY,31

! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE. ! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt 3 n nt 31.

M,2,UY OUTPR,ALL,ALL DK,1,ALL

! nh ngha bc t do chnh theo trc Y ti nt 2. ! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra. ! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti nt 1 (mt u ngm).

PSOLVE,ELFORM PSOLVE,TRIANG PSOLVE,EIGREDUC

! To cc ma trn phn t. ! a ra ma trn ng cho. ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng. phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.

PSOLVE,EIGEXP FINISH /POST1 SET,LIST

! M rng qu trnh gii cc vect ring. ! Kt thc qu trnh gii. ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1. ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii x l trong /POST1 theo th t.

SET,1,1 PLDISP,1 SET,1,2 PLDISP,1 SET,1,3

! c li gii ca bc tnh 1. ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 2. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 3.

PLDISP,1 SET,1,4 PLDISP,1 SET,1,5 PLDISP,1 SET,1,6 PLDISP,1 SET,1,7 PLDISP,1 SET,1,8 PLDISP,1 SET,1,9 PLDISP,1 SET,1,10 PLDISP,1 PRNSOL,U,COMP PRNSOL,ROT,COMP /POST26

! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 3. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 4. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 4. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 5. ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 6. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 6. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 7. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 7. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 8. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 8. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 9. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 9. ! c li gii ca bc tnh 10. ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 10. ! V chuyn v ca nt. ! V gc xoay ca nt. ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1. *GET,FREQ,MODE,2,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 2. *GET,FREQ,MODE,3,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 3. *GET,FREQ,MODE,4,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 4. *GET,FREQ,MODE,5,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 5.

*GET,FREQ,MODE,6,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 6. *GET,FREQ,MODE,7,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 7. *GET,FREQ,MODE,8,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 8. *GET,FREQ,MODE,9,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 9. *GET,FREQ,MODE,10,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 10. FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh nh sau: A. Cc gi tr tn s ring ca 10 kiu (MODE): *GET FREQ 21.6810954 *GET FREQ 135.288734 *GET FREQ 376.214201 *GET FREQ 729.975504 *GET FREQ 1191.65666 *GET FREQ 1753.61141 *GET FREQ 2407.43232 *GET FREQ 3144.27746 *GET FREQ 3955.28172 FROM MODE 9 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 8 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 7 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 6 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 5 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 4 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 3 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 2 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE=

*GET FREQ 4831.90473

FROM MODE

10 ITEM=FREQ

VALUE=

B. Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm ch I:

Hnh 3.21. Mt ct ngang ca dm ch I v cc s liu v mt ct. C/ Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.22. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE1.

Hnh 3.23. Dng dao ng ring th 2 v 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2 v 3.

Hnh 3.24. Dng dao ng ring th 4 v 5 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 4 v 5.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm ch I mt u ngm ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch S th t MODE Tn s ring dao ng tnh theo ANSYS Tn s ring dao ng un tnh theo gii tch

(rad/s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 136,2263401 850,0441887 2363,823540 4586,571361 7847,399617 11018,26545 15126,34338 19756,07794 24851,76799 30359,75281

(rad/s)
95,6327 860,694 2390,82 4686 7746,25 11571,6 16161,9 21517,3 27637,8 34523,4

TI LIU THAM KHO

ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide ANSYS Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide ANSYS Operations Guide ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide ANSYS Electromagnetic Field Analysis Guide ANSYS CFD Flotran Analysis Guide ANSYS Coupled-Field Analysis Guide ANSYS Elements Reference ANSYS Commands Reference
ANSYS Theory Reference