2010 




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*) (
'&+, -* ./ * :1 #

:     
-1.1

( aq )

HO

2 ( aq )

; HCO

+
( aq )

; Na

+
( aq )

; H 3O

(aq )

+ HO

HCO2CH 3( aq )

2 ( aq )

HCO

+
( aq )

+ H 3O



(mol)  

-1.2



x(mol)

CB.V=2.10-3mol

CB.V=2.10-3mol

!
"

2.10-3-x

2.10-3-x

 $%

2.10-3-xmax

2.10-3-xmax

xmax
xmax
xmax
!&'
+
:* +"  , -.'/ & H3O   -1-3

G = K (Na + .[ Na + ] + HO .[ HO ] + HCO .[ HCO2 ])

2

2.10 x
x
+ HCO
= 0,01 C B Na+ + HO
2
V
V

2.10 3 x
x
+ 5,46.10 3
= 0,0110.5,01.10 3 + 19,9.10 3
4
4
2.10
2.10

= 0,01 (5,01.10 2 + 19,9.10 2 ) + (99,5 + 27,3) x

3

(
= 0,01(24,91.10

72,2 x

= 2,491.10 0,722 x
0,72 x + 2,5.103 ( S )

:1 2  -1.4
.& H3O+ "  
HCO-2  :   7 n  8 9', HO  7 n *  , 
' 4 56$
: 

HO > HCO

.*!.<  , '@? >'/ G + 

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  2:+
3
" G = 0,72 x + 2,5.10 :@$
 7 9'D AB @$ G E
 F@',
x  G L x
 <, K   J x
L,
 
E 7L B '* K ?@', G 7L  Q x @ *M  P @ G
-D6 @$.D
-1.5

' :
3

'
t = t1 / 2

xf
2

=x

G f = 0.72 x f + 2,5.103
2,5.10 3
2

xf
2

= 0.72

Gf
2

",
' + RF 7.
+ 2,5.10 3

xf
2

G1 / 2 = 0.72

:
3

Gf 2,5.10
=
2
2

G1 / 2

*:
3

Gf 2,5.10
+
2
2

= G1 / 2

:
1,05.10 3 + 2,5.10 3
= 1,775.10 3 S = 1,775mS
2

= G1 / 2

$U/ " 
J  T  G1/2* .t1/213min

# :2* ' -

W"< -2.1 ' F&
a=6 :
J 7
<" W b=6 :
 *!&.
*M 56$ -2.2"   A  B 7  *!&. * .XM B  A 7 ',
B '*  B ' 9.X  B 
 J .X A 

*MQD .WD
B&M  
 J .X .A
-2.3
O2 + 4 H + + 4e 2 H 2O

:A  J G 4 ,

D.
:B ,.  J G 4 ,L%E.

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.n(CH3OH) L [&D :   P L -2.4

:A .X J 
, *  -D6 '

n(CH 3OH ) =

n(CH 3OH ) =

n (e ) N (e )
I .t
I .t
=
=
=
6
6N A
6eN A 6 F

: G

m(CH 3OH )
V
=
M (CH 3OH ) M (CH 3OH )

I .t
=
M (CH 3OH ) 6 F
V=

:*

I .t.M (CH 3OH )

6 F

:
V=

45.10 .5400.32
= 17.109 m3 = 1,7.102 cm3
6
6.0,79.10 .96500

1 & 6 -1
 , 86 7 222
86 Rn  
., -1.1
:
J \ 136 ' 
AB ,  

N=222-86=136

E = mc = 86m p + 136mn m
2

222
86

))

Rn .c

-1.2
2

E = (86.10073 + 136.1.0087 221,9703).uc = 1,8407uc = 1714,61MeV

E = 1714,61MeV
2

U  ]  
 X  -1.3

238
92

U Rn + x He + y e

238
92

222
86

4
2

0
1

: * ' X  

238=222+4x
4x=16
x=4
:!&.  _' 92=86+8-y
y=2

.2  7 
4  7 
M B.

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7" 28 9 : 7 ;< -2

:'
 -2.1
a0 = N 0 =

N 0 . ln 2 m0 N A . ln 2
=
t1 / 2
M ( Rn).t1 / 2

:
J 4'
a M ( Rn).t1 / 2
m0 = 0
N A . ln 2

:
m0 =

5.10 .222.3,9.86400
8,97.10 13 g
23
6,02.10 . ln 2

:'
 -2.2
a (t ) = a0e

.t

a (t )
a (t )

ln
ln
a0
a0

t=
= t1 / 2 .

ln 2
3,9.(2,81)
t=
= 15,81 jours
ln 2

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