2

.. 2500


2

20

21

Mohamad Zamberi A. Malek (1994 : 94)

(. 47)
.. 2504


2, (2537 : 1)
.. 2501


12 17 2503 2

1.

2.

3.

4.



12 ( 2548 : 2)

22

1. 1 (.. 2504 2509)

2504
.. 2504

.. 2504

(2544 : 168-169)
2 ( ) 3 4
( )

20
2509
(1.)
(2.) 6
(3.)
3-5





..
2547


..
2509
.. 2548

23

2. 2 ( .. 2510 2514)



5,6 7
( 12 ,2548 : 2)
3. 3 ( .. 2515 2519)
.. 2513

2519 2
488 ( 12 ,2548 : 2)
4. 4 (.. 2520 2524)
.. 2520 2524

5,6 7 3 4
2521 ( 12, 2548:2)

24

3
5 , 6 7 ( : 48)
1. 5 (.. 2525 - 2529)


2525
2525 2524
.. 2525
2. 6 ( .. 2530 -2534)


15 (2) 15 (1)
.. 2525

4
2530
3. 7 (.. 2535 2539)
2
(1.) 15 (2)


(2.) 15 (1)
15 (2)
15 (1)
1 : 25

25

.. 2504




2

()


3

1.
2.
3.
2 ( Ibrahem Narongraksakhet , 2003 : 12 )

26

2 2504
2513 2523
2535 2540
2546
2
2504
7 :
2 2504

/
27
4
4
35

: , 2504 :11
3
1. () 4
2 () 3
3. () 2
2513
( )
( )
2
4

27

8 : 2513

()
( )
()
()

()
,

2 .
3 .
1 .
2 .
2 .
-

1 .
2 .
1 .
1 .
2 .
4 .

1 .
2 .
1 .
1 .
2 .
4 .

1 .
2 .
1 .
1 .
2 .
4 .

3 .
3 .
2 .
2 .
5 .

2 .
3 .
1 .
2 .
1 .
2 .
3 .

2 .
3 .
1 .
2 .
1.
2 .
3 .

2 .
3 .
1 .
2 .
1 .
2 .
3 .

25 .

25 .

25 .

25 .

: 2, 2513. :
4

28

( ) 2523
()


(..)

( ) 2523
( )
()


( ) 2523
( )
( )

29

9 : () 2523

1.

2.

()
3.

.. 1

.. 2
.. 3

.. 4

5 8
4
3
3
-

5 8
4
2
2
-

4 7
4
2
2
1

4 7
4
2
2
1

2
2
3
1
3

1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3

2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3

2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3

2
2

2
2

2
1

2
1

30

30

30

30

: , , . () : 3
()
2523 4

30

10 : () 2523

1.

2.

()
3.

4.

/
.. 1
.. 2
.. 3
2 5
2
2
2
2
1

2 5
2
2
2
2
1

2 5
2
2
2
2
1

4
2
2
1
1
1
2
3

4
2
2
1
1
1
2
3

4
2
2
1
1
1
2
3

2
1

2
1

2
1

30

30

30

: , , . () : 3
()
2523 3

31

11 : () 2523
/ /
.. 1
.. 2
.. 3

1.
3 2 4 2 4 2
2
1
2
2
2
2

6
2
8
2
2

7
3
4
1

5
2.

6
-

10
2
2

4
-

10
2
2

4
-

10
2
2

3.

17 15 13 15 14 12 16 18 14 13 16 17

30

30

30

: , , . () : 3
()
2523 3

2
2535

32

2535
2521 (
..2533) 2523

2535
2535
2524 ( ..
2533) 2523


2535

33

12 : 2535

1.
1.1
1.2
2. -
2.1
2.2
3.
4.
4.1
4.2
5.
5.1
5.2
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

. 1
. 2
. 3

4
-

4
-

4
-

3
3
2

3
3
2

3
2

1
1

2
-

1
1

2
-

1
1

2
-

2
-

2
-

2
-

12
4
2

12
4
2

12
4
2
-

32

10

10
48

32

10

10
48

29

13

13
48

34

/
. 1
. 2
. 3

1.

1.1 -

1.2
2.
3.

4.

1
1
2

1
1
2

1
1
2

1
1

1
1

1
1

6
54

6
54

6
54

: , . () : 7 - 8
2535 (
) 3

35

13 :
2535
.4 . 6

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

6
6
3
30

3
6
6
-

45

15

45

60

: , . () : 7
2535 (
3 )
2535

2523

36

() 2540
( ) 2540





() 2540
( ) 2540
( ) 2540

37

14 : () 2540

1.
2.

3.

/ /
.. 1
.. 2
.. 3

11

11

4
2

17

3
22
2
24

4
2

17

3
22
2
24

11

4
2

17

3
22
2
24

: 2
, . : 4
2540
( ) 3

38

15: ()
2540

1.

/ /
.. 1
.. 2
.. 3

10
10
10
-

2.

4
2

2.

16

3
22
2
24

4
2

16

3
22
2
24

4
2

16

3
22
2
24

: 2
, . : 7
2540
( ) 3
( )
2540
2523

39

16 : 2544

1
2
(. 4-6)
(. 1-3)

3
4

(. 1-3)

(.4-5)

800 -1,000
800 -1,000
800 -1,000
.
.
.

1,200
.

: , , 2544 : 4-6

40

17 : 2546

()
1
2

()
( )
3
4

350 500

350 500

350 500

650

- 5- 6

- 3
: , , . () 3-6

Peter F. Oliva ( 2001: 3)



Evelyn J. Sowell (1996: 5)

41

Hilda Taba (1962: 10)

Good (1973 : 157)

(2546: 1)
Racecourse




-
-


(2547 : 4) CURRICULUM
CURRERE

CURRICULUM

42

Tyler,Ralph W. (1949: 99) 4

1. ( What
educational purposes should the school to attain?)
2.
(What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these
purposes?)
3.
( How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?)
4.
( How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained?)
(2547 : 18)


1.

2.
3.
4.
Hilda Taba (1962 : 12)

Hilda Taba
7
1. (Diagnosis of needs)
2. (Formulation of objective)
3. (Selection of Content)
4. (Organization of content)
5. (Selection of learning experiences)

43

6. (Organization of learning experiences)

7. (Determination
of what to evaluate and of the ways and means of doing it)
( 2546: 64) (Hilda
Taba)




(2546 : 66)
(Hilda Taba)
1.


2. 1

3.


4.

5.

6.

7.


(Hilda Taba)

44

1. (Specific Facts and Processes)
2. (Basic Ideas)
3. (Concepts)
4. (Thought Systems) (Hilda Taba, 1962 :175178)
(2546 :196)
(Hilda Taba)
1. ( Specific Facts and Processes )



2. (Basic Ideas)




3. (Concepts)





4. (System of Thought)



(2531 : 224 - 225)
(Hilda Taba)

45

1. (Specific Facts and Processes)

2. (Basic Ideas)

3. (Concepts)



4. (System of Thought)

(Hilda Taba) 4

1. (Specific Facts and Processes)

2. (Basic Ideas)

3. (Concepts)


4. (System of Thought)

Saylor, Alexander and Lewis ( 1981: 30 -39)
4

46

1. (Goals, Objectives, and Domains)

4
(Personal Development) (Social Competence)
(Continued Learning Skills) (Specialization)
2. (Curriculum Design)


3. (Curriculum Implementation)



4. (Curriculum Evaluation)


Peter F.Oliva (2001 : 150-152)
Developing the Curriculum 12

1.
(Statement of aims and philosophy of education, including beliefs about learning)


2. (Specification of needs of
particular students, community and subject)


1 2 1
2

3. (Specification of curriculum goals)

47

4. (Specification of curriculum objectives)

5. (Organization &implementation of
the curriculum)
( Specification of instructional goals)
( Specification of instructional objectives)
(Selection of strategies)
( Preliminary selection of evaluation
techniques ( Final selection of
evaluation techniques)
10.
(Implementation of strategies)
11. (Evaluation of instruction)
12. (Evaluation of curriculum)








6.
7.
8.
9.

48

20 30











(
2 , 2537 :1) .. 2548
12 (
12)



( 2548 : 5)

49

(2546 : 17)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5 .

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.

50

(2535 : 20-24 ) 7

1. (Subject Matter Curriculum or Subject Centered Curriculum)
2. ( Fusion or Fused Curriculum)
3. ( Correlation or Correlated Curriculum)
4. ( Broad Field Curriculum)
5. ( Core Curriculum)
6. ( Experience Curriculum)
7. ( Integration or Integrated Curriculum)
7

1.










()
2.

51

3.

4.






5.

6.

52

7.

Hilda Taba (1962 : 298) Providing for integration
( )






Tyler Ralap W. (1949 : 83-103)

Jacqueline McDenald and Charlene Czerniak (1994 : 5 6 )

53

1. ( Identify a
central theme, subjects topic or issue.)
2.
(Identify the various content domains that could be connected with your theme.)
3. (Within
each subject area, identify concepts that can be meaningfully developed and that relate to that
subject and the theme.)
4.
(From you web, develop a map that connects that concepts in
manner you feel will be educationally effective.)
5.
( Develop
specific activities that allow exploration of the elements you have included in your web and
concept map.)







(2542 : 10)


(Integrated Curriculum)


( Integrated Instruction)

54

(2553:148)



(2531: 198) (The Integrated
Curriculum)




Evelyn J. Sowell (1996 : 54)

(
Goodlad & Su,1992)
Bredekamp (1990:www.ncrel.org/sds/areas/issues/student/earlycld/ea5LK7.html

Robin Fogarty

55

How To Integrate The Curricula (1991)

10
1. Fragmented


Fragmented


2. Connected



3. Nested



4. Sequenced



5. Shared

6. Webbed

56

7. Threaded



8. Integrated Shared
5



9. Immersed




10. Networked



(2553:152-153)


1.




2.

57

3.

(Learning by Doing)
4.



5.









( 2546 :148-149)
3

1.

58

2.

3.

( 2544 : 19)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

59

Jacob

( Bruce M. Frazz, Rose A. Rudnitski, 1995:135)





(2542: 55)
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
( 2544 : 57)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

60

( Delphi Technique)





( Delphi
Technique)



1.
Jensen. (1996:857)


( 2548:1)
Johnson. (1993 : 982)


( 2548:1)
(2527: 27)



(2536: 74)

61

(2522 : 26-27)
Rand Coporation
(Olaf Helmer)


(2549 : 45)









1.

2

3.

4.

2.

62

(
2524 : 11 2527 : 25)
(Delphi)


(consensus) ( ,
2542: 222)
(2526 : 286) (Delphi Technique)

(Delphi Technique)
The
Rand Corporation 1950
(Delphi Technique) 1964
(2542: 222 ) (Delphi Technique
. 2495
.. 2505
(Olaf Helmer) (Norman Dalkey)
( Rand Corporation) An
Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts Management
Science 9 3 2506
(2539 : 49)

(The Rand Corporation) (Olaf Helmer)
(Norman Dalkey) . 2493 (. 1950)

.. 2503 ( . 1960)

(2550 : 1 2548:1))

63

5
e learning

(Brain storming)



3.

2
(2536 : 35)

(Experts)

(2527 : 25)

(Consensus)

(2539 : 51-52)
(Delphi Technique)
1

(1)
(2)
(3)

64

(Non-directive,
open-ended, semi-structured interview)




2

2

(Percentage)
(Likert scale)


3 2
(Median)
(Interquartile Range) 2
Median, Interquartile Range
2
Median
Interquartile Range


2
4 3 Median,
Interquartile Range
3 3
4
3 3 4

65

(2545 : 33-34 )
(Delphi Technique)
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. : 1
6. : 2
7. : 3
8. : 4
9.

3-4
( , 2523 : 13
, 2544 : 69) 2-3

2 3

66

4.


( 2531 : 360 )








10-15
30 ( ,2527 : 117
2536 : 47)
(2543 : 31 )
(Thomas T. Macmillan)

California Junior College Association .. 2514
17
( Homogeneity) 10 -15

67

3

1-5
5-9
9-13
13-17
17-21
21-25
25-29

1.20-0.70
0.70-0.58
0.58-0.54
0.54-0.50
0.50-0.48
0.48-0.46
0.46-0.44

0.50
0.12
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02

: ( 2543 : 31)
17
0.02
17
5.

(Central Tendency) ( Median)
(Interquatile Range) (Mode) ( , 2529 : 33)
(2550 : 52) 3
(Median) (Mode) (Interquartile
Range)
(
, 2525 : 24 , 2536 : 45)

68

6.



6.1
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
( , 2549: 50) (
,2548 : 4 2548:1) ( 2539, 53-54)
( 2540:
41) ( , 2539 :53)

1.
2.

69

3.

4.

6.2
1.

3.
4.
5.

6.

( , 2531: 364) ( 2548:1)
7.

2-4
(2549 : 44)
7
1.

2.

70

3.
(
)
4.

5.

6.

7.

( 2548 )


1.
0.5
60

2.
0.5

3.

71

4.


(2549 )

2 4 1. 2.
3. 4.
1.

2.
. 01
3.
. 01
4.
.01
( 2544 )





/

/

72

(2550 )


1.


2.







( 2546)


1 4



6
8 10
1
1 1
1 74
1 (20 )

1 1 1

73

. 5 (P = 0.000)


1 1 1




(2550 )






( 2548 )
4 ( )


81



68. 48 84.61



(2550 )
.. 2548 3 2558

74

1.


2.



3.


4.



Bredekamp(1990)

75

Helen wanod (2002) Integrated Curriculum : Designing
Curriculum in the Immersion Classrom Planning Integrated









Ibrahem Narongraksakhet (1995 )
:





Ibrahem Narongraksakhet (2003 )

(University of Malaya)

(Delphi Technique)




Kathy Lake (nd.)

76

Walter ( 1995)
:



1. 2.
3.


1. 2. 3.