PHN I

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

BAI 1. KHAI QUAT V MAY TNH IN T

I. Phn cng:
1. n v x ly trung tm: (Central Processing Unit - CPU):
- CPU c v nh b nao cua may tnh. CPU co hai chc nng chnh:
+ iu khin.
+ Tnh toan.
* B iu khin nhp xut: Nhm giai ma lnh va tao ra cac tn hiu iu khin cac b
phn cua may tnh. iu phi cac hoat ng cua cac thit b nhp xut, nhn d kin
va x ly d kin, hin th thng tin va lu tr thng tin.
* B s hoc va Logic: Thc hin cac phep toan s hoc va logic cua b iu khin
chuyn sang.
2. B nh:
a. B nh ROM (Read Only Memory):
La b nh do cac hang san xut tao ra, ta ch s dung ma khng th thm hay xoa,
ROM con goi la b nh cht. ROM co tac dung dung khi ng may, kim tra cu
hnh may, tao s giao tip ban u gia phn cng va mm cua h thng (H iu
hanh).
b. B nh RAM (Random Access Memory):
Thng tin trn RAM c hnh thanh trong qua trnh truy cp cua ngi dung i
vi may tnh, tc la cha d liu ang lam vic. Khi tt may, RAM khac ROM la
thng tin trn no se mt i tt ca. Co th ghi, oc hay xoa trn RAM trong qua trnh
lam vic.
3. Cac thit b ngoai vi :
a. Thit b nhp:
+ Ban phm (Key Board).
+ May quet (Scaner).
+ Chut (Mouse).
b. Thit b xut:
+ Man hnh (Monitor).
+ May in (Printer).
c. Thit b lu tr : Thit b lu tr thng dung hin nay la a t, a t c lam t
cht deo (a mm), hay kim loai (a cng) ma trn o co phu mt lp vt liu co kha
nng nhim t. a t cha thng tin trn cac ng tron ng tm goi la Track, mt
track c chia thanh nhiu Sector (cung).
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

+ a cng (HardDisk): La a c lp c nh trong may tnh, a cng
thng co dung lng ln hn rt nhiu so vi a mm, co rt nhiu loai a cng
khac nhau vi cac dung lng lu tr khac nhau. Tc truy cp n a cng nhanh
hn nhiu ln so vi a mm. a cng co tn quy nh la C, D, E...
+ a mm (Diskette): a mm thng co lp vo boc hnh vung bn ngoai, co
2 loai a mm: loai ng knh 3,5 inches va loai ng knh 5,25 inches.
Mt s a mm thng s dung hin nay:
ng knh
5 1/4 inches
5 1/4 inches
3 1/2 inches
3 1/2 inches

Bytes / Sector
512
512
512
512

Sector / Track
9
15
9
18

Track
40
80
80
80

Head
2
2
2
2

Dung lng
360 KB
1.2 MB
720 KB
1.44 MB

Vy dung lng a phu thuc vao :

- S Bytes trn mi Sector.
- S Sector trn mi Track.
- S Track trn mi mt a (Head).
- S cac mt a c s dung.
II. Phn mm:
1. Ngn ng may:
Ngn ng may da trn h m nh phn (h m ch co hai gia tr la 0 va 1). May
ch co th hiu hai gia tr la On hay Off. ai din cho hin tng in th cao la On
tc co gia tr la 1 va Off ai din cho hin tng in th thp hay bng 0 tc co gia tr
la 0.
Da trn nguyn tc o, ma ta tao c ngn ng may. Cac lnh iu khin may ch
cha mt chui ch th co gia tr la 0 hay 1.
2. Ngn ng Assembler:
y la mt ngn ng cp thp, dung dch chng trnh vit bng ch vit sang
ngn ng may (ky hiu ngn ng may bng ch vit).
3. Ngn ng bc cao:
Ngn ng bc cao cung la nhng ngn ng dung tao cac phn mm cho may
nhng cac cu lnh gn vi ngn ng con ngi va d dang s dung hn nhiu so vi
ngn ng cp thp. V du: Pascal, Foxpro, C, C++, .v.v.
4. Cac chng trnh ng dung:
- Cac trnh x ly vn ban: VRES, BKED, ... (Vit Nam), WordPerfect, WordStart,
Microsoft Word, .v.v.
- Cac chng trnh x ly bang tnh: Lotus, Quattro, Excel, .v.v.
- Cac chng trnh x ly hoa: AutoCAD, Corel Draw, 3D Studio, Xara3D .v.v.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Ch ban in t: Trnh bay ban in, thng dung tai cac nha in n. V du: Ventura,
PageMaker,.v.v.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

BAI 2. NHNG KHAI NIM C BAN
&
H IU HANH MS - DOS

I. Tp tin (File):
1. Khai nim:
La tp hp nhng thng tin v mt loai i tng dung cho may tnh va c lu tr
trn b nh thanh mt n v c lp. Co hai loai tp tin la tp tin d liu va tp tin
chng trnh.
2. Tn tp tin:
Tn tp tin gm co hai phn, phn tn chnh va m rng. Tn tp tin khng c co
khoang cach gia cac ky t, ky t u khng c cha ky t trng.
- Phn tn (File Name): Bt buc phai co, tn chnh ti a co 8 ky t.
- Phn m rng (Extension): Phn m rng co th co hoc khng, dung nh loai
tp tin. V du: File vn ban thng co phn m rng la .DOC, .TXT, ...Phn m rng
co ti a 3 ky t va c tach vi tn chnh bng du . . V du: GiayMoi.DOC. Ngoai
ra, h iu hanh co mt s tp tin co phn m rng ch cac thit b ngoai vi ma ta
khng c t trung tn la PRN, COM, LPT, CON, AUX, SYS,...
II. Th muc (Directory):
tao s d dang va thun tin trong vic quan ly va truy xut nhanh n cac tp
tin, MS - DOS cho phep t chc cac tp tin trn a thanh tng nhom, cach t chc nay
goi la th muc.
Mi a trn may tng ng vi mt th muc va c goi la th muc gc. Trn
th muc gc co th cha cac tp tin va cac th muc con (Subdirectory). Trong mi th
muc con o lai co th cha cac tp tin va cac th muc con khac, cu truc nh vy c
goi la cy th muc.
Th muc hin hanh (Working Directory), la th muc ma tai o chung ta ang lam
vic, tc la v tr nhp nhay cua con tro.
Th muc rng (Empty Directory) la th muc ma bn trong no khng co cha tp tin
hay th muc nao.
@ V du: hnh thc logic cua mt cy th muc:
C:\>
GIAOTRINH
TOAN
HINH . DOC
DAISO . DOC
GIAITICH . DOC
...

...

VANHOC . DOC
SUHOC . DOC

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

III. ng dn:
truy cp n mt th muc con hay tp tin, ta cn phai co cac thng tin sau:
Tn a - tn th muc - tn tp tin i tng
Cac thng tin trn c trnh bay theo cac quy c nht nh va c goi la ng dn
(Path).
@ V du: C:\ GIAOTRINH \ TOAN \ HINH .DOC
Theo nh v du trn:
- C:\ la tn a.
- GIAOTRINH la th muc con cua a C.
- TOAN la th muc con cua GIAOTRINH.
- HINH .DOC la tp tin thuc th muc TOAN.
Vy ng dn n tp tin HINH.DOC la C:\GIAOTRINH\TOAN\HINH .DOC
IV. Cac ky t ai din:
Ky t * : ai din cho nhiu ky t k t v tr no ng.
Ky t ? : ai din cho mt ky t tai v tr no ng.
@ V du: Trong may co cac tp tin sau
1 vanban1.txt
2 baitap1.doc
3 baitap2.doc
Vy:
Khi ta tm theo iu kin *.txt th may se lit k tp tin 1
Khi ta tm theo iu kin *.doc th may se lit k tp tin 2 va 3
Khi ta tm theo iu kin b*.* th may se lit k tp tin 2 va 3
Khi ta tm theo iu kin baitap?.doc th may se lit k tp tin 2 va 3
V. Gii thiu H iu hanh:
1. Khai nim:
La h thng cac phn mm c s iu khin moi hoat ng cua may tnh va cac
thit b ngoai vi.
Hin tai, co nhiu h iu hanh cho nhiu h may tnh khac nhau nh h iu hanh
mang Novell, Unix, Windows NT, i vi may tnh ca nhn (Personal Computer PC) th h iu hanh thng dung nht la h iu hanh cua hang Microsoft (MS - DOS,
Windows) va hang IBM (PC DOS).
H iu hanh thng c lu tr trn a cng hoc a CD v h iu hanh thng
co dung lng ln. Tuy nhin, khi ng (Boot) may tnh ta cung co th dung mt
a mm co cha cac tp tin h thng khi ng.
Cac tp tin h thng nay gm :
- MSDOS.SYS
- IO.SYS
- COMMAND.COM
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

2. Chc nng:
H iu hanh thng co cac chc nng c ban sau:
- iu khin cac thit b bao gm ca vic a may tnh vao hoat ng tc khi ng
may.
- Quan ly va phn phi b nh.
- iu khin vic thc thi chng trnh.
- Quan ly thng tin va vic xut nhp thng tin.
3. Khi ng may tnh:
a. Khai nim:
Khi ng may tc la a may vao hoat ng, kim tra cac thit b (b nh trong,
cac thit b ngoai vi) va nap h iu hanh vao b nh trong.
b. Cac phng phap khi ng may tnh:
* Khi ng ngui: Khi ng ngui tc la khi ng t trang thai may ang ngh.
+ Khi ng t a cng: tc la trn a cng cua may a co sn h iu hanh, ta
m cng tc in man hnh va k tip m cng tc Power may chnh (CPU).
+ Khi ng t a mm: khi ng t a mm, ta phai a a mm co
cha chng trnh khi ng vao a mm, cac thao tac k tip tng t nh khi
ng t a cng.
* Khi ng nong: tc la ta khi ng lai may khi may b treo hay gp li.
+ Khi ng t a cng: Ta n t hp phm Ctrl - Alt - Del hoc n nut Reset
trn may.
+ Khi ng t a mm: a a mm vao a mm va n t hp phm Ctrl Alt - Del hoc n nut Reset trn may.
Y Chu y: Sau khi n nut Power may bt u tm cac tp tin h thng trn a, nu
khng tm thy may se thng bao nh sau : Non - System disk or disk error , Replace
and strike any key when ready.. Trng hp nay, nu co a A trong a th ban
kim tra xem a A hong hoc thiu cac tp tin h thng nao. Nu khng co a A
trong a, kim tra dy ni a cng va mainboard.
IV. Cac n v tnh trong tin hoc:
n v Byte: Cha mt ky t s t 0 .. 9, hoc mt ky t t A ..Z hoc nhng ky t
c bit nh: %, @, ?, !, $, ... th goi la mt byte.
@ V du: Chao cac ban ! = 14 bytes (ky t trng cung la mt loai ky t).
Ngoai byte, con co cac n v khac:
- Kilo byte (KB):
1KB = 1024 Bytes.
- Mega byte (MB):
1MB = 1024 KB.
- Gigabyte (GB):
1GB = 1024 MB.

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BAI 3. CAC LNH CUA H IU HANH MS - DOS

I. Cac quy c chung:

<>:
Dung cho phn bt buc khi go lnh.
[ ] :
Dung cho phn khng bt buc khi go lnh.
< Enter > hoc 8 Ch s n phm Enter thi hanh lnh.
Y Cach go lnh:
- Gia phn tn lnh va phn chon phai cach nhau t nht mt ky t trng.
- Lnh bt u t du nhc cua DOS (im nhp nhay trn man hnh).
- Sau khi go xong lnh n phm Enter may thc hin lnh.
- Khng phn bit ch hoa hay thng.
- Trong cu lnh, co th s dung ky t ai din la * hoc ? cho phn tn hay
phn m rng. Ky t * ai din cho t khng n 8 ky t, ky t ? ai din cho
mt ky t.
II. Lnh ni tru va lnh ngoai tru:
Nhng lnh c mc nh chuyn t a vao b nh goi lnh ni tru, con lai la cac
lnh ngoai tru, lnh ngoai tru la la cac lnh khi cn thc hin mi chuyn vao b nh.
1. Lnh ni tru:
a. Lnh VER (Version): Dung xem phin ban cua h iu hanh
Cu phap: VER < Enter >
b. Lnh CLS (Clear Screen): Dung xoa man hnh va a du nhc v pha trn trai
man hnh.
Cu phap: CLS < Enter >
c. Lnh DATE: Dung xem hoc i ngay h thng.
Cu phap: DATE < Enter >
Y Chu y: Sau khi goi thc hin lnh nay, may se bao ngay h thng theo dang mm dd - yy (thang - ngay - nm). Nu mun hiu chnh lai, ta nhp lai dang tng t
hoc n Enter nu ch mun xem ma khng hiu chnh.
d. Lnh TIME: Dung xem hoc i gi h thng.
Cu phap: TIME < Enter >
Y Chu y: Sau khi goi thc hin lnh nay, may se bao gi h thng theo dang hh :
mm : ss .ps (gi:phut:giy:mili giy). Nu mun hiu chnh lai, ta nhp lai dang
tng t hoc n Enter nu ch mun xem ma khng cn hiu chnh.
e. Lnh PROMPT: Dung thay i du nhc h iu hanh.
Cu phap: PROMPT [ $ Text ] [ $ Option ] < Enter >
Trong o:

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Text: Ch nh ky hiu hay chui ky t dung lam du nhc mi thay cho du
nhc cu.
- Option: Cac ky hiu sau du nhc, co th kt hp cac ky hiu nay vi nhau, gm:
Q" =
$"
$
T"
gi
d"
ngay
V " Version
g"
>
L"
<
p"
Th muc a hin hanh
N " Tn a hin hanh
b"
du .
@ V du:
Lnh Prompt $p$g " C:\>
Lnh Prompt $t$g " 8:45:20.55>
...
f. Lnh MD (Make Directory): Dung tao mt th muc mi.
Cu phap: MD [ a ] [ Th muc ] < Tn TM > < Enter >
- [ a ]: Tn a cha th muc cn tao.
- [ Th muc ]: Th muc cha cha th muc cn tao.
- [ Tn TM ]: Tn th muc cn tao.

@ V du:
C:\>MD TINHOC < Enter > " tao th muc TINHOC trong a C
C:\>MD TINHOC\CANBAN " tao th muc CANBAN trong th muc TINHOC.
Y Chu y: Nu may bao Unable to create directory th ta kim tra lnh sai quy cach
u sa lai cho ung.
g. Lnh CD (Change Directory): Dung chuyn i th muc.
Cu phap: CD [ a] [ ng dn ] < Tn th muc > < Enter >
- [ a ]: Tn a cha th muc cn chuyn n.
- [ ng dn ]: ng dn n th muc cha cha th muc cn chuyn n.
- < Tn th muc >: Tn th muc cn chuyn n.
@ V du: Trong a C a co th muc Tinhoc, nu ban go lnh:
C:\> CD Tinhoc < Enter >
Luc nay, du nhc tr thanh C:\ Tinhoc >_ , tc th muc hin hanh la Tinhoc.
Ngoai ra con co cac lnh:
CD\< Enter >: Dung thoat v a gc tai bt ky th muc nao.
CD..< Enter >: Dung chuyn v th muc cha.
h. Lnh RD (Remove Directory): Dung xoa th muc rng. Th muc rng la th
muc khng cha tp tin va th muc bn trong no.
Cu phap: RD [ a ][ ng dn ] < Tn TM > < Enter >
- [ a ]: Tn a cha th muc cn xoa.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- [ ng dn ]: ng dn n th muc cha cha th muc cn xoa.
- < Tn th muc >: Tn th muc rng cn xoa.
@ V du: RD C:\Tinhoc < Enter >

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

i. Lnh DIR (Directory): Dung lit k cac tp tin hoc th muc.
Cu phap: DIR [ a ][ ng dn ][ Tn TM ][ Tham s ][ Thuc tnh ] < Enter >
- [ a ]: a cha th muc cn lit k.
- [ ng dn ]: ng dn n th muc cha cha th muc cn lit k.
- < Tn TM>: Tn th muc cn lit k.
Nu trong lnh khng co tn a va ng dn va tn th muc th may se lit k a
hoc th muc hin hanh.

[ Tham s ] gm mt trong cac la chon sau:

/P (Page): Lit k tng trang (va ch n phm bt ky tip tuc lit k).
/W (Wide): Lit k tp tin va th muc theo hang ngang.
/S: Lit k tp tin, th muc, cac tp tin va th muc cua cac th muc con bn trong
no.
/L (Lowercase): Lit k dang ch thng.
[Thuc tnh] gm cac la chon sau:
/A (All): Lit k tt ca cac loai tp tin (n, h thng,...)
/AH (Hide): Lit k tt ca cac tp tin n.
/AS (System): Lit k tt ca cac tp tin h thng.
/AR (Read only): Lit k tt ca cac tp tin co thuc tnh ch oc. Tp tin ch oc la
tp tin ma ta ch oc va khng th hiu chnh lai c.
/AA (Archive): Lit k tt ca cac tp tin co thuc tnh lu tr.
/ON (Order by Name): sp xp theo bang Alphabet phn tn.
/OE (Order by Extension): sp xp theo bang Alphabet phn m rng
/OS (Order by Size): sp xp theo ln tp tin (tng dn).
/OD (Order by Date): sp xp theo ngay tao lp (tng dn).
@ V du: DIR C:\Tinhoc/P/A< Enter >: Lit k t ca cac tp tin va th muc thuc th
muc Tinhoc va dng tng trang mt xem.
C:\>DI R/P/OD < Enter >: Lit k cac th muc va tp tin trong a C tng trang
mt va sp xp theo ngay tao lp.
j. Lnh COPY CON: Dung tao tp tin t ban phm.
Cu phap: COPY CON [ a ][ th muc ]< Tn tp tin > < Enter >
- [ a ]: a cha tp tin cn tao.
- [ ng dn ]: ng dn (a tn tai) n tp tin cn tao.
- < Tn tp tin >: Tn tp tin cn tao.
Y Ghi chu: Sau khi < Enter > vao lnh, ban bt u go ni dung tp tin, go xong
ni dung, < Enter > va lu bng cach n F6 hoc Ctrl - Z < Enter > lu tp tin. Lu
y: khi go ni dung nu a n < Enter > xung dong th ban khng th hiu chnh

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

c ni dung a ghi dong trn. Trong trong hp nay, mun hiu chnh lai ch con
cach lu tp tin o va xoa i tao lai tp tin mi.
k. Lnh COPY: Dung sao chep tp tin n th muc khac va cng dung th hai dung
ni hai tp tin a tn tai thanh mt tp tin th ba.
Cu phap: COPY [ Ngun ][ ch ] < Enter >
- [ Ngun ]: [ a ][ ng dn ] < Tn tp tin cn sao chep >
- [ ch ]: [ a ][ ng dn ][Tn tp tin mi]
Y Ghi chu: Vi tuy chon [Tn tp tin mi] nu co may se i tn cu thanh mi sau
khi sao chep sang th muc mi, nu bo tuy chon nay may se gi nguyn tn cu.

Trng hp ni hai tp tin a tn tai:

Cu phap: COPY [ a ][ ng dn ] < Tn tp tin 1 > + [ a ][ ng dn ] <
Tn tp tin 2 > [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn tp tin mi> < Enter >
@ V du: Trong th muc Tinhoc a tn tai 2 tp tin tn bt1.txt va bt2.txt, by gi ta
cn ni 2 tp tin nay thanh mt va co tn mi la bt3.txt trong cung th muc, ta go lnh
sau:
1. Trng hp ta ang ng tai a C:
C:\> Copy C:\Tinhoc\bt1.txt + C:\Tinhoc\bt2.txt C:\Tinhoc\bt3.txt < Enter >
2. Trng hp ta ang ng tai th muc C:\Tinhoc:
C:\Tinhoc> Copy bt1.txt + bt2.txt bt3.txt < Enter >
l. Lnh TYPE: Dung hin th ni dung tp tin ln man hnh.
Cu phap: TYPE [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn tp tin cn hin th> < Enter >
@ V du: Ta cn xem tp tin bt1.txt trong th muc C:\Tinhoc:
C:\> Type C:\Tinhoc\bt1.txt < Enter >
m. Lnh REN (Rename): Dung i tn tp tin hoc th muc
Cu phap: REN [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn tp tin hay th muc cn i > <Tn tp
tin hay th muc mi > < Enter >
@ V du: Cn i tn tp tin Vanban1.doc trong th muc Tinhoc thuc a C thanh
bt4.doc, ta co th go mt trong hai lnh sau:
Ren C:\Tinhoc\Vanban1.doc bt4.doc < Enter >
Ren C:\Tinhoc\Vanban1.doc bt4.* < Enter >
n. Lnh DEL (Delete): Dung xoa mt hoc nhiu tp tin.
Cu phap: DEL [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn tp tin cn xoa > < Enter >
@ V du: 1- Cn xoa tp tin bt4.doc trong th muc Tinhoc, ta go lnh nh sau:
Del C:\Tinhoc\bt4.doc < Enter >
2- Ta cn xoa cac tp tin co tn nao cung c min sao phn m rng la .txt trong
th muc Tinhoc cua a C, ta go lnh sau:
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Del C:\Tinhoc\*.txt < Enter >

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

2. Lnh ngoai tru:

a. Lnh DELTREE: Dung xoa cy th muc (tc la k ca cac th muc con va cac tp
tin bn trong), khng phn bit th muc rng.
Cu phap: DELTREE [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn th muc cn xoa > < Enter >
@ V du: Ban cn xoa cy th muc Tinhoc trong a C, go lnh sau:
C:\>Deltree Tinhoc < Enter >
Nu ang ng tai th muc khac a gc ban go lnh:
C:\>Deltree C:\Tinhoc < Enter >
b. Lnh XCOPY: Dung sao chep th muc.
Cu phap: XCOPY < Ngun > < ch > [ Tham s ] < Enter >
Trong o:
< Ngun > : [ a ][ ng dn ]< Tn th muc cn sao chep >
< ch > : [ a ][ ng dn ]< Tn th muc cha th muc sao chep >
[ Tham s ]: Gm mt trong cac la chon sau:
/E: Sao chep ca th muc rng.
/S: Sao chep th cp thp hn no va bo qua cac th muc con rng. Nu khng
co tham s nay th lnh XCOPY ch sao chep th muc chnh, mun sao chep th muc
con hoc th muc rng th phai co y u hai tham s o.
c. Lnh MOVE: Dung di chuyn tp tin hay i tn th muc.
Cu phap: MOVE [ a ] < Ngun > < ch > < Enter >
Trong o:
< Ngun > :[ a ][ ng dn ]< Tn tp tin cn di chuyn >
< ch > :[ a ][ ng dn cha tp tin chuyn n ]
@ V du: + ban cn di chuyn th muc Tinhoc trong a C sang th muc
Nganhhoc trong a C, cach thc hin nh sau:
C:\> Move C:\Tinhoc C:\Nganhhoc < Enter >
+ ban cn i tn th muc Thuchanh trong a C thanh Baitap, cach
thc hin nh sau:
C:\> Move C:\Thuchanh C:\Baitap < Enter >
Y Ghi chu: Ban co th s dung ky t ai din * va ? di chuyn nhiu tp tin
cung luc.
d. Lnh UNDELETE: Phuc hi tp tin b xoa.
Cu phap: UNDELETE [ a ][ ng dn ]<Tn tp tin > /LIST][/ALL]< Enter >.
[/LIST]: ch lit k danh sach tp tin a b xoa co th phuc hi.
[/ALL]: Phuc hi tt ca cac tp tin va b xoa nu c.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

e. Lnh FORMAT: Dung dnh dang a t.

Cu phap: FORMAT < tn a > [ tham s ] < Enter >
[/S]: nh dang a co chep ba tp tin IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, COMMAND.
COM lam a khi ng.

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Y Ghi chu: a mi th phai Format trc khi s dung. a sau khi Format, tt ca
thng tin se b mt.

f. Lnh DISKCOPY: Dung sao chep t a mm sang a mm.

Cu phap: DISKCOPY [ a 1 ][ a 2 ]< Enter >
Trong o:
[ a 1 ]: Ch a ngun.
[ a 2 ]: Ch a ch.
Trng hp may ch co mt a mm, ban thc hin nh sau:
DISKCOPY A: A:< Enter >
May se a thng bao a a ngun vao (Insert DISKETTE in drive A) va n
phm bt ky tip tuc ( Press any key to continue...) ... va ang oc a ngun
(Reading from source diskette). Sau o, may yu cu a a ch vao a A (Insert
TARGET diskette in drive A) va n phm bt ky tiip tuc (Press any key to
continue...)
g. Lnh LABEL: Dung t nhan, thay i, xoa nhan a.
Cu phap: LABEL [ a: ] < Enter >
@ V du: Ban cn t tn cho a A la VANBAN, lnh nh sau:
May hin th thng bao sau: Volume in drive A has no label, Volume label (11
Character, Enter for none )?, Ban go ni dung : VANBAN< Enter >
Lnh cung co th vit : Label C:Boot < Enter >, t nhan cho a C la Boot.
h.Lnh SYS: Dung sao chep cac tp tin h thng ra a.
Cu phap: SYS [ a ngun :][ a ch :]< Enter >
@ V du: Ban mun sao cac tp tin h thng ra a A, go lnh:
Sys C: A:< Enter >
III. Tp tin lnh:
Khi lam vic vi HH MS - DOS, cac lnh c thc hin mt cach ring le (sau
khi go lnh va n Enter). Ngoai cach thc hin cac lnh nh vy, ta co th tao mt tp
tin gm cac lnh trong ni dung cua tp tin vi phn m rng la .BAT. Mun thc hin
tp tin lnh, ta go tn tp tin va n < Enter >.
@ V du:
C:\> COPY CON TapLenh1.bat < Enter >
CLS < Enter >
MD VANBAN < Enter >
MD VANBAN\HOP < Enter >
MD VANBAN\KHTHUONG < Enter >
MD VANBAN\NOIQUY < Enter >
TIME < Enter >
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Z^ < Enter >

thc hin tp tin trn, go lnh:
C:\> TapLenh1.bat < Enter >

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

============= ovo =============

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

PHN II: TRNH TIN CH NC (NORTON COMMANDER)

I. Gii thiu:
Norton Commander (NC) la mt trnh tin ch chay trong mi trng HH MS DOS. Khi s dung NC, ban se cam thy thun tin hn rt nhiu so vi vic go tng
lnh mt tai du nhc cua MS - DOS. Chng trnh NC la mt cng cu kha quen
thuc, thun tin trong vic quan ly th muc va tp tin, giao din thn thin se giup ban
d dang hn trong cac cng vic nh: Sao chep, xoa, thay i, di chuyn tp tin, th
muc...
Ba tp tin cn phai co khi ng NC: NC.EXE, NCMAIN.EXE, NC.HLP.
II. Khi ng va thoat NC:
khi ng NC, chuyn n th muc cha tp tin NC.EXE va go lnh :
NC < Enter >
thoat khoi NC, n phm F10, va chon Yes.
Sau khi khi ng, man hnh NC th hin nh sau:

Man hnh NC gm 2 ca s: Left (Trai), Right (Phai). Ta co th xem man hnh trai la
ngun th man hnh bn phai la ch va ngc lai.
III. Cac phm chc nng cua Norton Commander:
1. Cac phm iu khin:
F1: Goi tr giup (Help).
F2: Goi Menu ngi s dung.
F3: oc ni dung tp tin.
F4: oc va sa ni dung tp tin.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

F5: Sao chep (copy) tp tin hoc th muc.

F6: Di chuyn (move) hoc i tn (rename) th muc va tp tin.
F7: Tao th muc (make directory).
F8: Xoa (Delete) th muc hoc tp tin.
F9: Vao Menu h thng (Pulldown Menu).
F10: Thoat khoi NC (quit).

2. Cac phm di chuyn trn ca s:

- Tab: di chuyn qua lai gia man hnh trai va phai.
- Mui tn: Cac phm mui tn ( ) dung di chuyn gia cac th muc va
tp tin trong cung ca s.
- < Enter >: vao mt th muc, chuyn vt sang n th muc o va n <Enter>.
- Page Up, Page Down: di chuyn nhanh n trang trc hoc sau trong cung
ca s.
- v th muc cha ta di chuyn vt sang n du .. trn cung va n < Enter >
hoc n t hp phm Ctrl - Page Up.
3. Cac phm chon:
- Phm Insert: Chon / thi chon th muc hoc tp tin tai vt sang.
- Phm + : Dung chon loc cac tp tin, ta co th chon loc nhiu tp tin thao tac
bng cach s dung ky t ai din: * , ? . V du: mun chon loc cac tp tin co tn
bt u vi ky t t, phn m rng la .doc, ta n phm + , trong hp thoai Select,
go: t*.doc < Enter >, cac tp tin phu hp iu kin se c anh du mau vang.
- Phm - : Dung huy vic chon ma trc o cac tp tin c chon bng phm + .
- Phm * :Dung chon hoc huy chon tt ca cac tp tin trong th muc hin hanh.
IV. Cac t hp phm thng dung cua NC:
- Ctrl - F1: Bt / Tt ca s trai.
- Ctrl - F2: Bt / Tt ca s phai.
- Ctrl - F3: Sp xp theo tn (Name).
- Ctrl - F4: Sp xp theo phn m rng (Extension).
- Ctrl - F5: Sp xp theo kch thc tp tin (Size).
- Ctrl - F6: Sp xp theo gi tao lp (Date/Time).
- Ctrl - F9: In vn ban.
- Ctrl - F10: Chia tp tin thanh cac files nho (Split / Merge).
- Ctrl - Z: Hin th c (Size) cua vn ban.
- Alt - F1: Chuyn i gia cac a trong ca s trai (k tip s dung phm ).
- Alt - F2: Chuyn i gia cac a trong ca s phai (k tip s dung phm )
- Alt - F5: Nen tp tin (Compressed File).
- Alt - F6: Giai nen tp tin (Decompressed File) a c nen (bng Alt - F5).
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Alt - F7: Tm kim tp tin (co th s dung ky t ai din).
- Alt - F9: Bt / tt vic m rng khung nhn ca s NC theo chiu ng.
- Alt - F10: tm kim nhanh ni dung mt th muc.
- Alt - va cac ky t: dung tm kim nhanh th muc hoc tp tin.
- Shift - F1: Xoa cac tp tin tam trn may.
- Shift - F4: Tao mi tp tin.
- Shift - F10: Tng t F9, hin th menu h thng.

VI. Cac lnh c ban trong Pull Down Menu:

vao Menu, ta n F9.
1. Cac lnh trong menu Left va Right:
Cac lnh trong ca s Left va Right u ap dung nh nhau.
a. Brief: Lit k ngn gon (ch hin th tn va phn m rng) cac Files va th muc .
b. Full: Lit k cac Files va th muc dang y u : Tn, kch thc, ngay gi tao lp).
c. Info: Hin th thng tin y u v a hin hanh (trn ca s Left hoc Right).
d. Tree: Chuyn khung Left hoc Right sang ch hin th dang cy th muc i vi
a hin hanh.
e. Quick View: oc ni dung cua tp tin.
f. On / Off: Hin th / n ca s trai hoc phai.
g. Sp xp th t cac tp tp tin:
- Name: sp xp theo tn.
- Extension: sp xp theo phn m rng.
- Time: sp xp theo ngay gi tao lp.
- Size: sp xp theo c tp tin.
h. Drive...: Dung chuyn i a, tng t Alt - F1 cho ca s trai va Alt - F2 cho
ca s phai.
2. Cac lnh trong menu Files:
a. Help: Goi tr giup (F1).
b. User Menu: hin th menu ngi s dung (F2)
c. View: oc ni dung tp tin (F3).
d. Edit: oc va hiu chnh tp tin (F4).
e. Copy: Dung sao chep th muc hoc tp tin (F5)
f. Rename or Move: i tn hoc di chuyn tp tin, th muc (F6).
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g. Make Directory: Tao mi mt th muc (F7).

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

h. Delete: Xoa th muc hoc tp tin (F8)

i. Split / Merge: Dung chia nho tp tin (Ctrl - F10).
j. File Atrributes: Dung gan cac thuc tnh cho tp tin.
Cac thuc tnh gm:
- Read Only: ch oc.
- Archive: lu tr.
- Hidden: n.
- System: h thng.
k. Select Group: Dung chon nhom tp tin hoc th muc (tng t phm + ).
l. Deselect Group: Dung thi chon nhom tp tin hoc th muc bng lnh Select
Group trn (tng t phm - ).
m. Invert Selection: Dung chon / thi chon tt ca cac tp tin tai th muc hin hanh
(tng t phm * ).
n. Restore Selection: Khi phuc vic la chon k trc.
o. Quit: Thoat khoi NC (tng t phm F10 ).

============= ovo =============

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

PHN III: H IU HANH WINDOWS 98

BAI 1. GII THIU CAC C IM CUA WINDOWS 98

I. Gii thiu:
1. Nhng c im ni bt cua Windows 98:
Windows 98 la phin ban (Version) h iu hanh sau Windows 95. Hu ht nhng
tnh nng hu dung mi cua Windows 98 lam cho h thng may tnh hoat ng nhanh
va hiu qua hn rt nhiu so vi cac phin ban trc. Nhng c im manh gm:
- FAT32: Nu co mt a cng ln hn 2 GB, Windows 98 d dang quan ly ma
khng cn phai co mt Partition c bit.
- Kim soat ngun in: Windows 98 co kha nng kim soat ngun in cua may
tnh co th t ng tt m theo ch nh cua ngi dung.
- Co tch hp trnh duyt Internet (Internet Explorer - IE 4.0).
- Man hnh ng: Man hnh co th hin th c di dang Web thc.
- H tr DVD: DVD la san phm lu tr d liu hin ai, ging nh CD - ROM
nhng kha nng lu tr ln hn. Windows 98 co th truy xut DVD nh i vi CD.
2. Nhng tin ch mi cua Windows 98:
- TV Viewer: Nu may tnh co cai thm thit b bt truyn hnh (TV Tuner Card) th
co th dung Windows 98 xem truyn hnh.
- Improved Accessibility Options: Co th tao vung phong ln i tng ang lam
vic.
- Disk Defragmenter: Thuc trnh cng cu h thng (System Tools) giup tng tc
s ly a bng cach t chc, sp xp d liu trn a mt cach ti u. Windows 98 a
c nng cp co th t ng sp dn cac chng trnh thng dung nht v pha
cac cung (sector) trong cung cua a cng.
- DriveSpace 3: Dung nen d liu cua a. Tt nhin, sau khi nen a, may se
chay chm hn.
II. Cac yu cu v cu hnh may co th cai t Windows 98:
1. Cu hnh ti thiu: cai t va s dung Windows 98, cn phai co cu hnh ti
thiu nh sau:
- CPU 80486DX-66MHz.
- VGA Card (s dung cho man hnh).
- 16 Mb RAM.
- a cng (HDD) con trng 540 Mb.
2. Cu hnh ngh:
Mun khai thac ti a cac tnh nng manh cua Windows 98, nn s dung may co
cu hnh nh sau hoc cao hn:
- CPU Pentium 166MHz
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- 32 Mb RAM.
- a cng (HDD) 2,1 Gb.
- 1 - 2 Mb RAM VGA Card.

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

III. S lc v man hnh Windows 98:

1. Khi ng va thoat khoi Windows 98:
Sau khi a cai t Windows 98, mi khi bt may Windows 98 se t ng c nap
va chay. Nu mun khi ng vao MS - DOS, ngay sau khi khi ng, n phm F8 va
chon Command Prompt.
thoat khoi Windows 98, thc hin theo cac bc sau:
- Lu va thoat khoi (exit) tt ca cac chng trnh ang chay.
- Click nut Start va chon Shut Down hoc n phm U.
- Trong hp thoai Shut Down, co 3 muc chon:
+ Shut Down: Thoat khoi Windows.
+ Restart: Khi ng lai may.
+ Restart in MS - DOS mode: Khi ng t du nhc DOS.
- Chon Shut Down va click OK.
- Va i tt may sau khi thy thng bao Its now save to turn off your computer.
Y Ghi chu: Ban khng nn tt may (n Power) khi cha thoat khoi Windows.
2. Cac thao tac vi chut (Mouse):
i tng lam vic cua Windows la cac ca s va cac biu tung nn chut la thit
b khng th thiu trong Windows. Thng thng, chut co hai phm bm: phm trai va
phm phai, biu tng chut hin th trn man hnh goi la tro chut (Mouse Pointer).
Cac thao tac vi chut:
- Click: Nhp chut trai.
- Double Click: Nhp chut trai hai ln lin tip.
- Right Click: Nhp chut phai.
- Click and Drag: Nhp chut trai tai i tng, gi va keo i, con goi la r chut.
3. Cac thao tac vi ca s:
a. M ca s: Cac trnh ng dung trn Windows thng c m trong mt ca s. Co
nhiu cach khac nhau khi ng mt ng dung:
- Click nut Start va chon chng trnh cn m.
- Click biu tng trn man hnh (Desktop).
- T ca s My Computer, Click hay Double click (tuy theo man hnh ng hay
khng) chuyn n th muc cha chng trnh cn khi ng (*.exe,...).
- T trnh duyt Windows Explorer, double click tai chng trnh cn m (tp tin
*.exe).
- Click cac biu tng trn thanh cng cu (ToolBar).
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

b. ong ca s: Windows cho phep m cung luc nhiu ca s chng trnh, tuy nhin,
trong s o ch co mt ca s goi la hin hanh, tc la ang lam vic trn ca s nay. S
ca s m cang nhiu th tc truy cp cang chm i. ong ca s, chon mt
trong cac phng phap sau:
- Click nut Close
trn goc phai ca s.
- Double Click biu tng ca s goc trn trai.
- Click biu tng ca s goc trn trai va chon Close.
- Chon menu File / Exit.
- n t hp phm Ctrl - F4 hoc Alt - F4.
c. Phong ln (Maximize), phuc hi (Restore) va thu nho (Minimize) ca s:
- phong ln ca s, chon nut Maximize
, phuc hi, chon nut Restore,
thu nho, chon nut Minimize
trn goc phai ca s.
- Click biu tng trn trai ca s, chon Maximize, Restore hay Minimize.
- n t hp phm Alt - SpaceBar, n chon phm X, R hoc N v y la cac ky
t c gach chn tng ng vi mi lnh trn menu.
Sau khi thu nho, ca s chng trnh c tam tr trn thanh TaskBar, nu mun
phuc hi hoc phong ln, right click biu tng trn TaskBar va chon Restore hoc
Maximize.

d. Sp xp cac ca s:
sp xp cac ca s ang m trn desktop, right click tai vung trng bt ky trn
thanh TaskBar, chon:
- Cascade Windows: Xp kiu mai ngoi.
- Undo Cascade: thi xp theo mai ngoi.
- Tile Windows Horizontally: xp ngang.
- Tile Windows Vertically: xp doc.
- Undo Tile Windows: thi sp xp.

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

Y Sp xp kiu Cascade Windows.

Y Sp xp theo kiu Tile Windows Horizontally.

Y Sp xp theo kiu Tile Windows Vertically.

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

e. Chuyn i ca s lam vic:

Tuy ta co th chay nhiu chng trnh cung luc, nhng tai mi thi im ch co th
lam vic vi mt chng trnh. Thng thng, thanh tiu cua ca s ang lam vic
(Selected) co mau m hn cac ca s khac. Chon mt trong cac cach sau chuyn
i ca s lam vic.
- Click biu tng chung trnh trn TaskBar.
- Click bt ky im nao trn ca s mun chon.
- n va gi phm Alt, go tip phm Tab cho n khi chng trnh cn m c ong
khung trn phn la chon.
f. Thit lp man hnh ng (Active), va man hnh dang Windows 95 (Classic):
Man hnh Active cua Windows 98 c th hin ging mt trang Web. Khi ap tro
chut n biu tng, biu tng se c chon va sang ln va ta ch cn click kch
hoat thay v double click nh Windows 95 (Classic). thit lp man hnh Active, ta
thc hin nh sau:
- Chon Start / Settings / Folder Options.
- Trong hp thoai Folder Options, chon tab General va click Web style, click OK.
Trng hp ban khng mun s dung man hnh Active, ma ch s dung man hnh
dang classic nh Windows 95, thc hin nh sau:
- Chon Start / Settings / Folder Options.
- Trong hp thoai Folder Options, chon tab General va click Classic style, click OK.
g. Cac thanh phn trong Start menu:
- Shut Down: Thoat.
- Log Off: Thoat khoi mang.
- Run: Chay chng trnh.
- Settings: Thit lp cu hnh.
- Documents: Danh sach 15 tp tin m sau cung.
- Programs: Cha chng trnh ng dung hay nhom cac chng trnh ng dung.

============= ovo =============

BAI 2. QUAN LY MAN HNH WINDOWS 98
I. Taskbar va Start Menu:
1. Thit lp cac thuc tnh cho Taskbar:
Thanh Taskbar gm cac thuc tnh sau:
- Always on top: Lun hin th trn cac ca s khac nu co

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Auto hide: T ng n khi khng lam vic vi thanh tac vu (va hin th khi a tro
chut n).
- Shows small icon in Start menu: Hin th menu trn thanh tac vu vi ty l nho hn.
- Show clock: Hin th ng h goc phai thanh tac vu.
thit lp cac thuc tnh cho Taskbar, click Start / Settings / Taskbar & Start
Menu hoc right click tai vung trng trn Taskbar va chon Properties.

2. Thm, xoa thanh cng cu trn Taskbar:

Right click trn vung trng cua Taskbar, chon Toolbars:

Thanh Taskbar

- Address: Hin th thanh cng cu nhp a ch website.

- Links: Kt ni n Website cua Microsoft.
- Desktop: Hin th cac biu tng trn Desktop ln Taskbar.
- Quick Launch: Hin th cac ng dung chnh vi Internet va
- New Toolbar: Tao mi thanh cng cu bng cach ch n mt th muc bt ky cha
cac chng trnh.
Ngoai ra, ban co th keo biu tng chng trnh t ln Taskbar hoc right click va
chon Delete nu mun xoa biu tng trn Toolbar.
3. Thm, xoa chng trnh Program Menu:
thm hoc xoa cac biu tng
trong Program Menu, click Start /
Settings / Taskbar & Start Menu va
chon tab Start Menu Programs.
- Thm: Chon Add, click Browse
va double click dn n tp tin cn
tao li tt (Shotcut).
- Xoa: Chon Remove va chon tn
chng trnh (Shotcut) cn xoa.
Ngoai ra, cung co th right click tai
Shotcut cn xoa ngay trn menu khi
ang m va chon Delete.

Start / Document va chon tp tin cn

m.

4. Documents menu:
15 tp tin khi ta m sau cung c
hin th trong Documents menu.
m lai cac tp tin nay, ch cn chon

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

xoa cac Shotcut trong Documents Menu, click Start / Settings / Taskbar & Start
Menu va chon tab Start Menu Programs, click Clear.
II. Nn man hnh (Background):
1. Thay i nn man hnh:
thay i nn man hnh, right click trn vung trng man hnh chon Properties.
Trong tab Background, click trong danh muc hin th bn di chon hnh anh.
Ngoai ra, co th chon tp tin anh khac lam man hnh nn bng cach click Browse va
dn n tp tin anh.
i vi Windows 98, ban co th tao nn cho man hnh la mt trang Web bt ky va
cac cach ng s tng t nh mt trang Web bnh thng. tao nn cho man hnh la
mt trang Web, thc hin nh sau:
- Right click trn Desktop, chon Properties.
- Trong tab Background, click nut Browse va dn n mt trang Web bt ky. Lu y:
Cac tp tin thuc loai Web thng co phn m rng la htm hoc html.
Ngoai ra, trong khi ang duyt cac trang Web, nu thy thch ta right click tai vung
trng trn trang Web va chon Set as wallpaper va trang Web se c nap thanh nn
man hnh.
2. Man hnh tam ngh (Screen saver):
bao v man hnh, h thng se t kch hoat va chay mt chng trnh tam ngh
nao o nu ta a co thit lp trong muc Screen saver. Phng phap thit lp man hnh
tam ngh nh sau:
- Right click trn vung trng man hnh chon Properties.
- Click chon tab Screen saver.
- Trong danh muc Screen saver, chon mt muc.
- Trong muc Wait, chon s phut ma Windows se kch hoat va chay chng trnh
Screen saver sau khi ngi dung khng cham vao chut hay ban phm.
- click Apply hoc OK.
Ngoai ra, Windows 98 con co chc nng t tt man hnh sau khoan thi gian ma
ngi dung thit lp khi ngi dung khng ng n may. Thit lp nh sau:
- click Start / Settings / Control Panel. Chon Power Management.
- Trong tab Power Schemes, tai muc Turn off monitor chon mt trong cac khoan
thi gian va click Aplly hoc OK. Nu khng mun s dung chc nng nay, tai muc
Turn off monitor, chon Never.
3. phn giai (Resolution) man hnh:
phn giai cang cao th anh hin th cang sc net, ro rang. thay i phn
giai man hnh, thc hin nh sau:
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Right click tai vung trng man hnh, chon Properties va click chon tab Settings
- Trong muc Color, thng co 4 ch mau (tuy theo Card man hnh) cho man
hnh: 16 colors, 256 colors, High colors (16 bit) va True color (24 bit), thng thng ta
nn chon High colors (16 bit).
- Trong muc Screen area, chon mt trong cac ty l: 640 by 480 pixels, 600 by 800
pixels,...

4. Ch hin th cac ca s:
Ch hin th mc nh cua cac ca s la nn trng, khung xam, Font MS Sans
Serif (western). Tuy nhin, ta co th thay i hnh thc hin th cua cac ca s, cach
thc hin nh sau:
- Right click trn vung trng Desktop, chon Properties / Appearance.
- Trong danh muc Schemes, chon mt trong cac hnh thc hin th va click Apply
hoc OK.
5. S dung ca s theo chu (Desktop Themes):
Ta co th thit lp nn man hnh, ch man hnh tam ngh va mt s hnh thc
hin th i kem theo chu co sn cua Windows 98. Cach thit lp nh sau:
- Click Start / Setting / Control Panel.
- Trong ca s Control Panel, chon Desktop Theme.
- Trong danh muc Themes, chon mt chu hin th nao o va click Apply hoc
OK.
- Nu mun tr v ch mc nh, chon Windows Default.
6. Quan ly cac biu tng trn Desktop:
a. Tao biu tng (Shotcut) trn Desktop:
Cac biu tng trn man hnh u la nhng li tt (Shotcut) dn n cac tp tin
chng trnh tin s dung ch khng phai la tp tin nn ta co th tao xoa ma khng
anh hng n cac tp tin trn a.
tao mt Shotcut trn Desktop, thc hin cac bc sau:
- Right click trn Desktop va chon New / Shotcut.
- Tip theo, click Browse va dn n tp tin chng trnh cn tao li tt.
- Chon ung tp tin, click Open / Next.
- Tip theo, i tn cho Shotcut nu cn va click Finish.
a. Sp xp cac biu tng trn Desktop:
Right click trn Desktop, chon Arrange Icon va chon mt trong cac cach sp xp
sau:
- by Name: sp xp theo tn (tng dn).
- by Type: sp xp theo kiu tp tin.
- by Size: sp xp theo ln tp tin (tng dn).
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- by Date: sp xp theo thi gian tao lp, hoc s dung (tng dn).
============= ovo =============

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

BAI 3. QUAN LY CAC TH MUC VA TP TIN

I. My Computer va Windows Explorer:

1. My Computer:
Ca s My Computer dung duyt nhanh qua cac tai nguyn trn may. Tuy nhin,
ta vn co th xem va lam vic vi tng chi tit cua i tng nh a, may in, mang...
cach s dung My Computer nh sau:
- Double click biu tng My Computer =>
- Double click tai mi biu tng khi ng.
- thay i cach hin th cua cac biu tng, trn ca s My Computer, click vao
biu tng View
trn thanh Toolbar va chon:
+ Large Icon: Hin th ln cac biu tng.
+ Small Icon: Hin th nho cac biu tng.
+ List: Hin th cac biu tng dang danh sach.
+ Details: Hin th chi tit cac biu tng.
+ As Web Page: Hin th cac biu tng dang trang Web.
Phng phap sp xp trn ap dung tng t cho cac th muc va tp tin trong ca s
Windows Explorer.
2. Windows Explorer:
a. Ca s Windows Explorer c t chc nh sau:

b. Chc nng cac nut lnh trn thanh Toolbar cua ca s Windows Explorer:

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Back

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

Tr lai thao tac k trc.

Forward

Tr lai thao tac k sau.

Up

Tr v th muc cha.

Cut

Ct i tng ang chon va a vao b nh tam.

Copy

Sao chep i tng ang chon vao b nh tam.

Past

a i tng trong b nh tam ra v tr c chon.

Undo

V hiu hoa thao tac va lam.

Delete

Xoa i tng chon.

Properties

Xem thuc tnh i tng.

View

Chon hnh thc hin th cho khung bn phai.

II. Quan ly cac th muc va tp tin:

1. Tao th muc va tm kim tp tin:
a. Tao th muc:
- Double click tai a hoc th muc cn tao th muc bn trong.
- Right click tai khoang trng trong ca s My Computer hay khung phai Windows
Explorer va chon New / Folder.
- Nhp tn th muc (cho phep ti a 255 ky t) va < Enter >.
b. Tm kim tp tin:
- Right click a hoc th muc cn tm kim tp tin.
- Go tn tp tin cn tm vao khung Named, co th s dung cac ky t ai din * ,
? tm kim nhiu tp tin, click nut Find now bt u tm, kt qua tm kim
hin th ca s bn di.
2. Sao chep th muc va tp tin:
sao chep, ta phai chon i tng cn sao chep va thao tac theo cac cach sau:
1. - Right click tai i tng cn sao chep va chon Copy.
- Right click tai a hoc th muc ch va chon Past sao chep.
2. - Gi Ctrl ng thi click & keo tha n ch.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

3. - Click tai i tng cn sao chep, n Ctrl - C.
- Click tai a hoc th muc ch va n Ctrl - V.
4. - Sau khi a chon i tng, click biu tng Copy
hoc chon menu
Edit / Copy.
- Chon a hoc th muc ch va n Ctrl - V hoc chon menu Edit / Past.

3. i tn, di chuyn va xoa th muc, tp tin:

a. i tn (Rename):
i tn th muc hoc tp tin, right click tai i tng chon Rename, go tn mi
va < Enter >
b. Di chuyn (Move):
1- Click & drag i tng n a hoc th muc ch.
2- Right click tai i tng, chon Cut, right click i tng ch va chon Past.
c. Xoa (Delete):
1- Right click tai i tng, chon Delete.
2- Click chon i tng va n phm Delete.
3- Click chon i tng, chon menu File / Delete hoc click biu tng xoa
Y Ghi chu: Khi xoa, nu ng thi n Shift th tp tin se khng th phuc hi c,
ngc lai, ban co th phuc hi i tng xoa t thung rac (Recycle Bin).
4. Phuc hi va loai bo cac i tng trong Recycle Bin:
Nh ta a bit, nu xoa i tng ma khng n ng thi phm Shift th cac i
tng t ng c t vao Recycle Bin.
a. Phuc hi tng i tng trong Recycle Bin:
- Double click tai biu tng Recycle Bin
trn Desktop, hoc click biu tng
Recycle Bin trong Windows Explorer, right click tai i tng cn phuc hi va chon
Restore.
b. Loai bo tng i tng trong Recycle Bin:
- Double click tai biu tng Recycle Bin trn Desktop, right click tai i tng cn
phuc hi va chon Delete va xac nhn Yes.
c. Phuc hi tt ca cac i tng trong Recycle Bin:
- Right click tai biu tng Recycle Bin trn Desktop, hoc biu tng Recycle Bin
trong Windows Explorer va chon Restore.
d. Loai bo tt ca i tng trong Recycle Bin:
- Right click tai biu tng Recycle Bin trn Desktop, hoc biu tng Recycle Bin
trong Windows Explorer va chon Delete va xac nhn Yes.
5. Xem, thay i thuc tnh (Attributes) cho cac th muc va tp tin:
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

Trong qua trnh duyt cac th muc va tp tin, nu ban khng thy nhng th muc
hoc tp tin ma ung la a tn tai la do cac i tng nay co thuc tnh n (Hidden).
hin th cac th muc hoc tp tin n, ban thc hin nh sau:
- Click Start / Settings / Folder Options hoc trong ca s Windows Explorer, chon
menu View / Folder Options.
- Trong hp thoai Folder Options, chon tab View va kch chon tuy chon Show all
files, va click OK.

xem hoc thit lp thuc tnh cho th muc hoc tp tin, right click tai i tng
va chon Properties. Hp thoai Properties hin th nh sau:

Trong phn Atrributes, gm co 4 thuc tnh sau:

- Read- only: Ch oc.
- Archive: Lu tr.
- Hidden: n.
- System: H thng.
III. Quan ly a va a:
1. t tn a va xem cac thng s a:
M ca s My Computer hoc Windows Explorer, right click tai a cn thao tac:
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

- Mun thay i tn (nhan - Label) cho a, t tro chut tai muc Label va go nhan
cho a va click OK.
Cac thng s a:
- Used space: Dung lng a a s dung.
- Free space: Dung lng a con trng.
- Capacity: Tng dung lng a.

2. Thao tac vi a mm:

Khi thao tac i vi a mm, ta ap dung tng t nh a cng, ch khac la a
mm phai c a t bn ngoai vao mi thao tac c.
copy toan b ni dung t a mm nay sang a mm khac ma khng cn phai
tao th muc trung gian, ta thao tac nh sau:
- a a mm lam ngun vao a.
- Trong ca s My Computer hoc Windows Explorer, right click tai biu tng a
mm va chon lnh Copy Disk.
- Click nut Start may copy ni dung vao b nh (va ch may oc ni dung a).
- Khi oc xong ni dung a, may thng bao Insert the disk you want... th ban ly
a ngun ra va a a ch vao va click OK may bt u ghi.
- Khi da xong click Close.
IV. Bao quan a:
1. Chng trnh sa li a:
Chng trnh Scandisk se t ng sa cu truc cac tp tin va th muc nu b li hoc
anh du nhng phn b hong (bad sector) cua mt a. khi ng trnh Scandisk,
thc hin nh sau:
- Click Start / Program / Accessories / System Tools / Scandisk
- Trong ca s Scandisk, click chon a cn quet.
- Trong muc Type of test chon Standard nu mun trnh Scandisk ch sa li tp tin
va th muc, chon Thorough nu mun trnh Scandisk sa li tp tin, th muc va anh
du nhng sector hong trn a.
- Click chon Automatically fix errors va click Start bt u sa li.

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

2. Sp xp d liu trn a:
Trong qua trnh truy cp, ghi va xoa, thng tin trn a se b phn tan khng theo
th t, chng trnh sp xp a (Disk Defragmenter) se giup sp xp lai d liu trn
a may truy xut thng tin nhanh hn.
Khi ng Disk Defragmenter nh sau:
- Click Click Start / Program / Accessories / System Tools / Disk Defragmenter.
- Trong hp thoai Select Drive, chon a hoc tt ca a (All Hard Drives) va
click OK bt u sp xp.
- Trong hp thoai Defragmenting Drive ..., co 3 tuy chon:
+ Stop: Dng va khng tip tuc sp xp.
+ Pause: Dng sp xp tam thi.
+ Show Details: Hin th chi tit sp xp.

Y Ghi chu: Trong khi sp xp a, ta nn ong tt ca cac chng trnh ang chay.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

BAI TP THC HANH

PHN I: H IU HANH MS - DOS
1. Tao cy th muc sau:
C:\>
QLHVIEN

TINHOC
CANBAN
VANPHONG
KETOAN
KTOANTIN
KTOANDN
KTOANTC

2. Trong th muc TINHOC, tao 2 tp tin DSach1.doc va DSach2.doc vi ni dung tuy

chon.
3. Ni 2 tp tin DSach1.doc va DSach2.doc trong th muc TINHOC thanh DSach.doc.
4. Di chuyn tt ca cac tp tin va tao cu 2 va 3 vao th muc CANBAN.
5. i tn tp tin DSach.doc trong th muc CANBAN thanh DS.doc
6. Xoa man hnh va xem ni dung th muc CANBAN theo cac cach sau:
- ng tai th muc gc ( a C).
- ng tai th muc KETOAN.
- ng tai th muc CANBAN.
7. Tao thm th muc DUPHONG trong a C. Sao chep tt ca cac tp tin trong th
muc CANBAN vao th muc DUPHONG.
8. Xem lai ngay, gi h thng, nu sai th sa lai.
9. t nhan cho a C la Prog, sau o sau o xem lai nhan a C.
10. Xoa tp tin Dsach1.doc va Dsach2.doc trong th muc DUPHONG.
11. Xem ni dung tp tin DS.doc trong th muc DUPHONG bng cach ng tai th
muc QLHVIEN.
12. Xoa th muc KTOANTC.
13. Sao chep tt ca cac tp tin co phn m rng la .txt trong th muc gc vao th muc
DUPHONG.
14. Di chuyn th muc DUPHONG vao th muc QLHVIEN.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

15. Tao tp tin Tudong.bat trong th muc QLHVIEN vi ni dung la cac cng vic
sau:
- Xoa man hnh
- Tao th muc DTVT trong th muc QLHVIEN.
- Tao th muc KHOA1 trong th muc DTVT
- Tao th muc KHOA2 trong th muc DTVT
- Xoa tt ca cac tp tin co phn m rng la .txt trong DUPHONG.
- Lit k ni dung th muc DTVT.
16. Chay tp tin Tudong.bat t th muc gc.

============= ovo =============

PHN II: TIN CH NC

1. Bt tt 2 ca s trai va phai.
2. Chuyn ca s trai v th muc gc C, chuyn ca s phai v th muc gc D (nu co)
3. Tao cy th muc sau:
C:\>
VANBAN

HOP
NOIBO
GIAOBAN
LUONG
N1999
N2000
N2001

4. Trong th muc HOP, tao 3 tp tin Hop12_8.doc, Hop26_8.doc va Hop3_9.doc vi

ni dung tuy chon.
5. Trong th muc LUONG, tao tp tin LT8_2000.xls, LT9_2000.xls, LT8_2001.xls
vi ni dung tuy chon.
6. Xem lai cac tp tin a tao trn.
7. Di chuyn tt ca cac tp tin trong phn tn co mt ky t la s 8 trong th muc HOP
vao th muc NOIBO.

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

8. Di chuyn tt ca cac tp tin trong phn tn co s 2000 trong th muc LUONG vao
th muc N2000. Di chuyn tt ca cac tp tin trong phn tn co s 2001 trong th muc
LUONG vao th muc N2001.

9. Trong th muc VANBAN, tao mt th muc DUPHONG. Tm kim trong a C (k

ca trong cac th muc cua a C) tt ca cac tp tin trong phn tn co t hop va sao chep
n th muc DUPHONG.
10. Tm mt tp tin co tn la Readme.doc trong a C. Sau o, chia tp tin trn thanh 2
hoc vai tp tin nho hn va t vao th muc DUPHONG.
11. Tao th muc TAM trong th muc VANBAN. Sau o, ni cac tp tin a c chia
cu 10 thanh mt tp tin hoan chnh va t vao th muc TAM va tao.
12. Thit lp thuc tnh n cho tp tin Hop12_8.doc trong th muc NOIBO.
============= ovo =============

PHN III: H IU HANH WINDOWS 98

1. M 3 ca s Windows Explorer, My Computer va My Documents. Phong to, thu
nho, phuc hi cac ca s a m trn.
2. Sp xp cac ca s trn theo hnh mai ngoi, ngang va ng. Sau o, ong tt ca cac
ca s a m bng nhiu cach khac nhau (bng phm, bng chut).
3. Chuyn i gia cac ca s bng chut va ban phm (Alt - tab).
4. Tao mt Shotcut trn Desktop dn n tp tin Winword.exe chay chng trnh
soan thao vn ban. (ng dn n File Winword.exe la: C:\ Program Files \ Microsoft
Office \ Office).
5. Thit lp kiu man hnh ng (Active). Xong lai tra v kiu Windows 95 (Classic).
6. Thit lp thuc tnh n cho thanh Taskbar, sau o cho hin th lai.
7. Cai thm mt Shotcut n tp tin Win98.exe trong Start menu, ng dn n tp
tin Win98.exe la C:\ IBT \ Win98 \ Win98.exe.
8. Xoa tt ca cac Shotcut n cac tp tin trong menu Documents cua Start menu.
9. Thit lp lai nn man hnh la mt anh bt ky.
10. Thit lp lai man hnh tam ngh (Screen Saver) la dong ch bt ky, sau o, huy
chon thit lp nay.

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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

11. Thit lp mt chu bt ky cho man hnh (s dung Desktop Themes), ch s dung
hiu ng nn (Desktop WallPaper), va man hnh tam ngh (Screen Saver).

12. Sp xp cac biu tng trn Desktop theo tn.

13. M ca s Windows Explorer va My Computer, chon ch hin th cho cac i
tng trn ca s theo cac hnh thc sau:
- Large Icon: Hin th ln cac biu tng.
- Small Icon: Hin th nho cac biu tng.
- List: Hin th cac biu tng dang danh sach.
- Details: Hin th chi tit cac biu tng.
- As Web Page: Hin th cac biu tng dang trang Web.
14. Chuyn n th muc bt ky, vao th muc con, tr v th muc cha, thao tac nhiu
ln cho cac th muc khac nhau lam quen vi phng phap duyt th muc va tp tin.
15. Kim tra nu trong a C a co th muc QLHVIEN th xoa i va tao tao cy th
muc sau:
C:\>
QLHVIEN

TINHOC
CANBAN
VANPHONG
KETOAN
KTOANTIN
KTOANDN
KTOANTC

16. Trong th muc TINHOC, tao 2 tp tin DSach1.doc va DSach2.doc vi ni dung

tuy chon.
17. Sao chep 2 tp tin DSach1.doc va DSach2.doc trong th muc TINHOC vao th
muc QLHVIEN.
18. Di chuyn tt ca cac tp tin trong th muc TINHOC vao th muc CANBAN.
19. i tn tp tin Dsach1.doc trong th muc CANBAN thanh DS.doc
20. Xoa 2 tp tin DSach1.doc va DSach2.doc trong th muc QLHVIEN vao Recycle
Bin, sau o, phuc hi lai hai tp tin nay.
21. Trong a C, tm mt tp tin co tn Readme.doc, chon mt trong s o va sao
chep n th muc QLHVIEN.
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

22. Xoa tt ca cac tp tin trong th muc QLHVIEN vi iu kin khng a vao
Recycle Bin.

23. Gan thuc tnh n (Hidden) cho tp tin DS.doc. Chuyn v th muc TINHOC, sau
o lai vao th muc CANBAN.
24. Thit lp man hnh n tt ca cac tp tin co thuc tnh n.
25. ong tt ca cac ca s ang m. Chay chng trnh Scandisk quet li cho a C,
t ng sa lun cac li nay.
26. Sp xp lai d liu cho a C.
============= ovo =============

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MUC LUC
LY THUYT

Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

Phn I: M u
Bai 1: Khai quat v may tnh in t .................................................................. 1
I. Phn cng. ................................................................................................... 1
1. n v x ly trung tm: (Central Processing Unit - CPU)........................ 1
2. B nh. ................................................................................................... 1
3. Cac thit b ngoai vi................................................................................ 1
II. Phn mm .................................................................................................. 2
1. Ngn ng may ........................................................................................ 2
2. Ngn ng Assembler .............................................................................. 2
3. Ngn ng bc cao ................................................................................... 2
4. Cac chng trnh ng dung ..................................................................... 2
Bai 2: Nhng khai nim c ban & H iu hanh MS - DOS ................................ 3
I. Tp tin (File) ............................................................................................... 3
1. Khai nim ............................................................................................... 3
2. Tn tp tin .............................................................................................. 3
II. Th muc (Directory)................................................................................... 3
III. ng dn ................................................................................................ 4
IV. Cac ky t ai din ..................................................................................... 4
V. Gii thiu H iu hanh ............................................................................. 4
1. Khai nim ............................................................................................... 4
2. Chc nng............................................................................................... 4
3. Khi ng may tnh ................................................................................ 5
IV. Cac n v tnh trong tin hoc ..................................................................... 5
Bai 3. Cac lnh cua h iu hanh MS - DOS ....................................................... 6
I. Cac quy c chung ...................................................................................... 6
II. Lnh ni tru va lnh ngoai tru..................................................................... 6
1. Lnh ni tru ............................................................................................ 6
2. Lnh ngoai tru ........................................................................................ 9
III. Tp tin lnh............................................................................................. 11
Phn II: Trnh tin ch NC (Norton Commander)
I. Gii thiu................................................................................................... 13
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

II. Khi ng va thoat NC............................................................................. 13

III. Cac phm chc nng cua Norton Commander ......................................... 13

1. Cac phm iu khin ............................................................................. 13
2. Cac phm di chuyn trn ca s ............................................................ 14
3. Cac phm chon ...................................................................................... 14
IV. Cac t hp phm thng dung cua NC ...................................................... 14
V. Cac lnh c ban trong Pull Down Menu ................................................... 15
1. Cac lnh trong menu Left va Right ...................................................... 15
2. Cac lnh trong menu Files .................................................................... 15
Phn III: H iu hanh Windows 98
Bai 1. Gii thiu cac c im cua Windows 98 ............................................... 1 7
I. Gii thiu................................................................................................... 1 7
1. Nhng c im ni bt cua Windows 98 ............................................ 1 7
2. Nhng tin ch mi cua Windows 98.................................................... 1 7
II. Cac yu cu v cu hnh may co th cai t Windows 98 .................... 17
1. Cu hnh ti thiu ................................................................................. 1 7
2. Cu hnh ngh................................................................................... 1 7
III. S lc v man hnh Windows 98 .......................................................... 18
1. Khi ng va thoat khoi Windows 98 .................................................. 18
2. Cac thao tac vi chut (Mouse)............................................................. 18
3. Cac thao tac vi ca s ......................................................................... 18
Bai 2. Quan ly man hnh Windows 98 .............................................................. 21
I. Taskbar va Start Menu............................................................................... 21
1. Thit lp cac thuc tnh cho Taskbar..................................................... 21
2. Thm, xoa thanh cng cu trn Taskbar.................................................. 22
3. Thm, xoa chng trnh Program Menu............................................. 22
4. Documents menu .................................................................................. 22
II. Nn man hnh (Background) .................................................................... 23
1. Thay i nn man hnh ......................................................................... 23
2. Man hnh tam ngh (Screen saver) ........................................................ 23
3. phn giai (Resolution) man hnh ..................................................... 23
4. Ch hin th cac ca s..................................................................... 24
5. S dung ca s theo chu (Desktop Themes) ..................................... 24
6. Quan ly cac biu tng trn Desktop .................................................... 24
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Giao trnh Tin hoc cn ban

Bai 3. Quan ly cac th muc va tp tin ................................................................ 25

I. My Computer va Windows Explorer ......................................................... 25

1. My Computer ....................................................................................... 25
2. Windows Explorer................................................................................ 25
II. Quan ly cac th muc va tp tin ................................................................. 26
1. Tao th muc va tm kim tp tin ........................................................... 26
2. Sao chep th muc va tp tin .................................................................. 26
3. i tn, di chuyn va xoa th muc, tp tin ............................................ 2 7
4. Phuc hi va loai bo cac i tng trong Recycle Bin ............................ 2 7
5. Xem, thay i thuc tnh (Attributes) cho cac th muc va tp tin .......... 27
III. Quan ly a va a ................................................................................ 28
1. t tn a va xem cac thng s a ...................................................... 28
2. Thao tac vi a mm ........................................................................... 29
IV. Bao quan a........................................................................................... 29
1. Chng trnh sa li a........................................................................ 29
2. Sp xp d liu trn a...................................................................... 30
BAI TP THC HANH
Phn I:

H iu hanh MS - DOS .................................................................. 31

Phn II:

Tin ch NC ..................................................................................... 32

Phn III: H iu hanh Windows 98............................................................... 33

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