B THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

------------------------

THUYT MINH

D tho: Nghin cu, xy dng quy chun k thut quc gia v tng
thch in t (EMC) cho thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp

Ch tr : Nguyn Ngc Hi

H NI 2012

MC LC
1 Gii thiu ti........................................................................................5
1.1 Tn ti.................................................................................................5
1.2 M s ti:

M s: 154-12-KHKT-TC .............................................5

1.3 Mc tiu ca ti .................................................................................5

1.4 Qua trnh thc hin ti........................................................................5
2 Gii thiu v mng truyn hnh cp ........................................................6
2.1 Khi nim mng truyn hnh cp............................................................6
2.2 S cu trc ca mng truyn hnh cp...............................................7
2.3 Phm vi xy dng quy chun..................................................................8
2.4 Thit b tun th tiu chun.....................................................................9
2.5 Gii thiu mt s thit b s dng trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn
hnh cp.......................................................................................................10
Thit b tch cc trong mng phn phi cp ng trc bng rng:............10
Thit b th ng trong mng phn phi cp ng trc bng rng:...........10
Thit b Headend:.......................................................................................11
Thit b quang:...........................................................................................11
3

Tnh hnh s dng cc thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn
hnh cp trn th gii .........................................................................12

3.1 Tnh hnh pht trin truyn hnh cp chu u....................................12

3.2 Tnh hnh pht trin truyn hnh cp M...........................................13
3.3 Chu ...................................................................................................14
3.4 Thit b s dng ca cc hng trong mng phn phi .........................14
a) B khuch i tn hiu ........................................................................14
b) B khuch i model 93230 ca hng Scientific Atlanta...................15
c) B khuch i ca hng Aeroflex.......................................................16
d) B khuch i dng trong gia nh (indoor) ca hng Scientific
Atlanta................................................................................................17
4

Tnh hnh s dng cc thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn
hnh cp Vit Nam .........................................................................17

4.1 Cc sn phm ang c s dng ti Vit Nam...................................17

2

4.2 Ch tiu k thut ca mt s sn phm..................................................18

5 R sot, tng hp tnh hnh tiu chun ha trong v ngoi nc ..........20
5.1 Tnh hnh tiu chun ho trong nc....................................................20
5.1.1 Cc tiu chun, vn nghin cu v lnh vc tng thch in t
(EMC).................................................................................................20
5.1.2 Nhn xt:........................................................................................21
5.2 Tnh hnh tiu chun ha ngoi nc....................................................21
5.2.1 T chc IEC (International Electrotechnical Committee).............22
5.2.2 T chc CENELEC (Committee European Norm Electrotechnical)
............................................................................................................23
5.2.3 T chc ETSI.................................................................................24
5.2.4 T chc ITU...................................................................................26
5.2.5 Tiu chun ca c........................................................................27
5.2.6 Tiu chun ca c/New zealand....................................................27
5.2.7 Tiu chun ca Anh........................................................................28
5.2.8 Tiu chun ca Hng Kng............................................................29
5.3 Nhn xt................................................................................................30
6 L do, mc ch v phm vi xy dng Quy chun ...............................31
6.1 L do xy dng tiu chun....................................................................31
6.2 Mc ch xy dng Quy chun.............................................................31
6.3 Phm vi xy dng tiu chun................................................................31
7 S c xy dng quy chun.....................................................................32
7.1 Tiu ch la chn s c chnh...............................................................32
7.2 Phn tch ti liu....................................................................................32
7.2.1 Tiu chun IEC 60728-2 ca IEC..................................................32
7.2.2 Tiu chun EN 50083-2 ca CENELEC........................................32
7.2.3 Tiu chun cc nc.......................................................................33
7.2.4 Nhn xt.........................................................................................33
7.3 Kt lun.................................................................................................33
7.4 Hnh thc thc hin...............................................................................33
8 Cch thc xy dng b Quy chun k thut .........................................34
8.1 Tn b Quy chun k thut...................................................................34
3

8.2 B cc ca b Tiu chun k thut.......................................................34

Ti liu tham kho....................................................................................36

Gii thiu ti

1.1 Tn ti

Nghin cu, xy dng quy chun k thut quc gia v tng thch in t (EMC) cho thit b trong
h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp".
1.2 M s ti:

M s: 154-12-KHKT-TC

1.3 Mc tiu ca ti

Mc tiu: Nghin cu xy dng Quy chun k thut quc gia v tng thch in t (EMC) cho thit
b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp".

- Phc v cho cng tc qun l cht lng thit b trong h thng truyn hnh cp (cc c tnh

pht x v min nhim i vi nhiu in t ca cc thit b tch cc v th ng dng trong

h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp);
- Gii quyt can nhiu ph tn s V tuyn in
1.4 Qua trnh thc hin ti

- 03/2009: B Thng tin v Truyn thng giao Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in thc hin ti

nghin cu khoa hc cp B: Nghin cu xy dng tiu chun k thut v tng thch in t

trng cho cc thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp M s: 114-09-KHKT-TC

- 04 9/2011: B Thng tin v Truyn thng (V KHCN) thng bo k hoch xy dng v yu cu

cho Vin KHKT Bu in hon chnh d tho Tiu chun quc gia Thit b trong h thng phn
phi truyn hnh cp- Yu cu v tng thch in t - d tho v bn thuyt minh trn c s kt
qu ti 114-09-KHKT-TC.

- 9/2011 n thng11/2011: B Thng tin v Truyn thng gi d tho v bn thuyt minh ly kin
gp ca cc doanh nghip, c quan, n v c lin quan (Cng vn s 2784/BTTTT-KHCN ngy
15/9/2011 ):

Cc n v trong B TTTT c trng cu kin (2784/BTTTT-KHCN ngy 15/9/2011 ): Cc

Vin thng; Cc Tn s V tuyn in; Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT); Tp
on Vin thng Quan i (Viettel); Tng Cng ty Truyn thng a phng tin Vit Nam (VTC);
Vin Khoa hc k thut bu in

ng thi B Thng tin v Truyn thng ng ti d tho TCVN, thuyt minh trn trang web
www.mic.gov.vn/tccl thng bo v ly kin gp rng ri.
5

- 11/2011 - 2/2012: B Thng tin v Truyn thng (V KHCN) tng hp cc kin gp ca cc c

quan, n v thng nht tip thu cc kin gp v hon chnh d tho

- 2/2012: B Thng tin v Truyn thng hon chnh h s TCVN v gi Tng cc Tiu chun o
lng Cht lng (B Khoa hc v Cng ngh) ngh thm nh (cng vn s 266/BTTTT-KHCN
ngy 6/2/2012).

- Ngy 30/5/2012 Tng cc TC L CL t chc bui hp thm nh v thng nht ng ban hnh
TCVN 9373:2012 Thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp - Yu cu v tng thch in
t trng (EMC)
2

Gii thiu v mng truyn hnh cp

2.1 Khi nim mng truyn hnh cp

Truyn hnh cp dn dn (Cable Television CATV), thng c gi l truyn hnh cp hu tuyn

l mt mng truyn hnh trong tn hiu c truyn qua nhng dy dn n tivi. Dy dn c

cp y c th l cp quang hoc cp ng trc, trong thc t mng CATV l mt mng lai gia
cp ng trc v cp quang (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial HFC)

Trong qu trnh xy dng mng truyn hnh v tuyn qung b, cc nh k thut truyn hnh vp phi

mt vn kh gii quyt l vng ti thu sng truyn hnh nhng khu vc c nhiu i ni, tn

hiu truyn hnh b che khut. Gii php c ngh l nn tng ca cng ngh CATV ngy nay.

Tn hiu c thu ti nhng a im c sng tt, sau khi c x l ti phng my, tn hiu s c
dn n cc h thu bao bng dn dn.

Chng trnh cho mng CATV c thu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, ti headend tn hiu ca mi

chng trnh s c iu ch mi tn hiu c a vo mt knh ring bit. Headend cn c

nhim v to ra ngun tn hiu quang mang cc chng trnh pht ln mng. Ti node quang, tn

hiu quang s c chuyn thnh tn hiu RF. Sau node quang, mng cp ng trc c nhim v
truyn tn hiu RF n cc h gia nh.
Thng tn ti hai loi cu hnh mng cung cp dch v truyn hnh:
- Mng CATV (Community Antenna Television)
- Mng MATV (Master Antenna Television)
6

Mng MATV thng p ng cho phm vi quy m nh v mang tch cht phc v hn l dch v.
2.2 S cu trc ca mng truyn hnh cp

Hnh 1: Cu trc ca mng truyn hnh cp

2.3 Phm vi xy dng quy chun

Hnh 2: Phm vi xy dng quy chun

2.4 Thit b tun th tiu chun

Hnh 3: thit b headend

Hnh 4: thit b mng MATV

2.5 Gii thiu mt s thit b s dng trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp
Thit b tch cc trong mng phn phi cp ng trc bng rng:
B khuch i tn hiu s dng trong nh v ngoi tri (khuch i mt chiu hoc hai chiu).

B khuch i trong nh

B khuch i ngoi tri

Thit b th ng trong mng phn phi cp ng trc bng rng:

B chia tn hiu, b lc, b ghp.

10

 Thit b Headend:
B khuch i tn hiu v tinh, b i tn, b iu ch - gii iu ch, khuch i tn hiu.

B lc thu tn hiu v tinh

B iu ch

B cng

Thit b quang:
B thu pht quang, ghp quang, khuch i quang.

CATV Optical Receiver

B pht quang

11

B chuyn knh

B ghp knh

B khuch i
Hnh 5: mt s thit b tiu biu trong mng phn phi TH cp

3 Tnh hnh s dng cc thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn

hnh

cp trn th gii
3.1 Tnh hnh pht trin truyn hnh cp chu u

Hin nay tng s lng thu bao truyn hnh cp chu u l 64 triu, chim 1/3 trong tng s h

gia nh Chu u. 7,1 triu gia nh s dng truyn hnh s qua mng cp, 9 triu s dng

Internet, v 7,5 triu dng in thoi qua h thng cp. Tng doanh thu trn mng cp tnh nm
2005 l 17,2 t Euro, trong 2/3 l t cc dch v truyn hnh.
Di y l mt s biu lin quan n pht trin ca h thng truyn hnh cp Chu u.

12

Hnh 3: Doanh thu t cc dch v cp

T biu trn cho thy doanh thu t dch v truyn hnh cp chim t trng ng k trong tng s
doanh thu.
3.2 Tnh hnh pht trin truyn hnh cp M

Truyn hnh cp dy dn c th coi l c khai sinh vo cui nhng nm 50 Hoa K. Trong qu

trnh xy dng mng truyn hnh qung b pht sng VHF, cc nh k thut truyn hnh m vp

phi mt vn kh gii quyt l vng ti nhng khu vc c nhiu ni non. Gii php c tm ra

lc l nn tng ca cng ngh CATV hin i: Thu sng truyn hnh ti mt im thu tt ri dn
tn hiu n vng ti gn bng dy dn v cng trn nhng tn s dng cho truyn hnh.

Sau khi trin khai CATV p ng nhu cu ni trn, ngi ta nhn thy CATV c u im ht sc

ln lao l gii quyt c vn m truyn hnh Hoa K vp phi trn ng pht trin. l mu

thun gia vic gia tng knh pht sng vi tnh trng cn kit qu tn s v vn can nhiu.

Nhng knh truyn hnh mi pht qua dy dn khng lm nhiu sng cc knh truyn hnh c v

truyn hnh dy dn l mt vng t mi xy dng cc i truyn hnh c nh vi mt s lng

kh l tng. T y, cc nh k thut truyn hnh M lm c iu m trc y h rt lng

tng.

Hin nay tuyn hnh cp M rt ph bin di hnh thc thu bao v c ti 84,4% s h gia nh
M s dng truyn hnh cp.

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3.3 Chu

Tng thu bao truyn hnh v tinh v cp ti chu t con s 192 triu trong vng nm nm qua.

1/3 s h gia nh c TV chu , ngoi tr Nht Bn, c truyn hnh tr tin. S tng trng

ny phn nh rt r trong li nhun t qung co v ph thu bao. Doanh thu qung co truyn hnh

cp v v tinh ti chu tng 12% ln 2,2 t USD vo nm 2003, cn doanh thu t ng k thu

bao cng tng 18% t 11,2 t USD. Theo d on ca Media Partners, doanh thu qung co ca

truyn hnh cp chu s tng ti 26,8 t USD vo nm 2008 v 37,2 t USD vo 2015.
(Vietnam.net)
3.4 Thit b s dng ca cc hng trong mng phn phi

Mng truyn hnh cp pht trin rng ri nhiu nc trn th gii v th c nhiu hng sn xut ln
chuyn sn xut cung cp thit b cho mng ny.
Scientific Atlanta, TRIAX, Aeroflex, Wuxi Hongda, Winstar, Huanqiu ...
a) B khuch i tn hiu

14

Tiu chun k thut ca thit b

b) B khuch i model 93230 ca hng Scientific Atlanta

Tiu chun k thut ca thit b

15

c) B khuch i ca hng Aeroflex

16

Tiu chun k thut ca thit b

d) B khuch i dng trong gia nh (indoor) ca hng Scientific Atlanta

Tnh hnh s dng cc thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp Vit
Nam

4.1 Cc sn phm ang c s dng ti Vit Nam

Cc b khuch i bng rng dng trong mng truyn hnh cp ca cc hng c a vo s

dng nh cc b khuch i cng sut trung bnh model HA013, HA023, HA123R30, HA123R65,

HA126, HA126R30, HA126R65, HA113U, HD113U; cc b khuch i cng sut ln model

BA203U, BD203U, BA204U, ca hng Terra. B khuch i truyn hnh cp AMP 86234 AITR;

DA 86228 NR ca tp on EIGHT - Hng Kng c lp t ti cng trnh to nh CT 17 E5 CIPUTRA Nam Thng Long, H Ni.

Cc sn phm s dng Vit Nam phn ln c xut x t Trung Quc, Hng Kng, i Loan, Hn
Quc, v ca mt s hng trong nc sn xut.

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4.2 Ch tiu k thut ca mt s sn phm

Cc b khuch i c nh ca hng Terra dng cho cc h gia nh. Cc b khuch i ny c 2,

hoc 3 u ra, cc b khuch i ny c kh nng iu chnh tng ch, hot ng trong di tn UHF,
VHF.

Tnh nng k thut ca cc thit b ny nh sau:

Hnh di l mt b khuch i model 5303030 ca hng IPHIRF. Di tn ca thit b ny t 0,15

MHz n 230 MHz.

Tnh nng k thut

18

Bin bn o kim cht lng b khuch i truyn hnh cp

19

R sot, tng hp tnh hnh tiu chun ha trong v ngoi nc

5.1 Tnh hnh tiu chun ho trong nc

5.1.1 Cc tiu chun, vn nghin cu v lnh vc tng thch in t (EMC)
tiu chun Vit Nam:

1. TCVN 6989-1: 2003 Quy nh k thut i vi thit b o v phng php o nhiu v min
nhim tn s rai. Phn 1: Thit b o nhiu v min nhim tn s rai.

2. TCVN 6989-2: 2001: Quy nh k thut i vi phng php o v thit b o nhiu v min
nhim Rai. Phn 2: Phng php o nhiu v min nhim.

3. TCVN 7492-1:2005: Tng thch in t. Yu cu i vi thit b in gia dng, dng c in v

cc thit b tng t. Phn 1: Pht x.

4. TCVN 7492-2: Tng thch in t. Yu cu i vi thit b in gia dng, dng c in v cc

thit b tng t . Phn 2: Min nhim. Tiu chun h sn phm.

5. TCVN 6990: 2001 Phng php o c tnh chng nhiu ca b lc th ng tn s Rai v linh
kin chng nhiu.

6. TCVN 7186: 2002: Gii hn v phng php o c tnh nhiu tn s rai ca thit b chiu sng
v thit b tng t.

7. TCVN 7188: 2002: nh hng ca tp xung n h thng thng tin di ng tn s rai. Phng
php nh gi suy gim v bin php ci thin tnh nng.

8. TCVN 7189: 2002: Thit b cng ngh thng tin. c tnh nhiu tn s raio. Gii hn v phng
php o.

9. TCVN 7317: 2003 : Thit b cng ngh thng tin. c tnh min nhim. Gii hn v phng php
o.

10. TCVN 6988: 2001 : Thit b tn s Rai dng trong cng nghip, nghin cu khoa hc v y t
(ISM). c tnh nhiu in t. Gii hn v phng php o.
Tiu chun quc gia ban hnh nm 2009
1. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) c tnh nhiu v tuyn Phng php o.

2. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi pht x tn s v tuyn Phng php
o v th.

3. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi nhiu dn tn s v tuyn Phng

php o v th.

4. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi hin tng phng tnh in phng
php o v th.
20

5. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi hin tng st p, ngt qung v thay
i in p Phng php o v th.
6. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC)- Min nhim i vi cc xung Phng php o v th.

7. TCVN Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi t trng tn s ngun Phng php
o v th.
Cc tiu chun v mng thit b truyn hnh

B Thng tin v Truyn thng cho nghin cu, bin son v ban hnh nhiu tiu chun lin quan
n lnh vc truyn hnh nh sau:

1. QCVN 31:2011/BTTTT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ph tn v tng thch in t i vi

thit b pht hnh qung b mt t s dng k thut s DVB-T;

2. TCVN 8688-2011 Dch v truyn hnh cp s theo tiu chun DVB-C - Tn hiu ti im kt ni
thu bao - Yu cu k thut;

3. TCVN 8666-2011 Thit b SET-TOP BOX trong mng truyn hnh cp k thut s - yu cu k
thut;
4. QCVN 18:2010 QCVN v tng thch in t i vi thit b thng tin v tuyn

5. QCVN 17:2010 QCVN v ph tn v tng thch in t i vi thit b s dng cng ngh tng
t;

6. TCVN 7189: 2009 Thit b cng ngh thng tin- c tnh nhiu tn s v tuyn- Gii hn v
phng php o
5.1.2 Nhn xt:
Cc quy chun/ tiu chun ny u c bin son t cc tiu chun quc t.

Tiu chun tng thch in t trng cho thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh
cp cha c
5.2 Tnh hnh tiu chun ha ngoi nc

Mng truyn hnh cp l xu th tt yu v ang pht trin mnh m nhiu quc gia trn th gii.

Cc t chc nghin cu ln trn th gii nghin cu v xut bn cc tiu chun lin quan n

mng truyn hnh cp. Nhiu nc c cc tiu chun quc gia v thch in t trng cho thit b
trong mng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh cp

21

5.2.1 T chc IEC (International Electrotechnical Committee)

T chc IEC c h tiu chun IEC 60728 c xy dng cho cc mng cp dng cho truyn hnh,
truyn thanh v dch v tng tc. H tiu chun ny gm 12 phn, c th nh sau:

IEC 60728 Cabled networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services.

IEC 60728-1 (2007-09): System performance of forward paths.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc mng cp hng xung dng cho truyn thanh, truyn hnh

trong di tn t 30 MHz n 3000 MHz. Tiu chun ny xc nh phng php o cc c tnh vn

hnh ca mng cp c cc cng ra cp ng trc nh gi cc c tnh ca chng.

IEC 60728-2 (2002-10): Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc c tnh pht x v min nhim i vi nhiu in t trng ca

cc thit b ch ng v th ng, cc thit b ny c dng thu, pht v x l cc tn hiu

truyn thanh, truyn hnh v cc dch v tng tc. Tiu chun ny xc nh cc yu cu v pht x

cho php cc i, min nhim cc tiu v hiu ng mn hnh ti thiu, v m t cc phng php o
ph hp.

IEC 60728-2(2005): Active coaxial wideband distribution equipment.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc b khuch i bng rng c s dng trong cc mng cp, bao

trm di tn t 5 MHz ti 3000 MHz, v a ra phng php o cc c tnh c bn nh gi

cht lng cc thit b ch ng.

IEC 60728-4 (2007-08): Passive coaxial wideband distribution equipment.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc thit b th ng. Tiu chun xc nh cc yu cu cht lng,
cc yu cu cng b d liu v phng php o cc tham s nht nh i vi thit b th ng.

IEC 60728-5 (2001): Headend equipment.

Tiu chun ny xc nh cc c tnh v phng php o cc c tnh ca thit b trong phn

headend trong h thng thu v tinh v pht qung b mt t.

IEC 60728-6 (2003): Optical equipment.

22

IEC 60728-7: Hybrid fibre coax outside plant status monitoring

IEC 60728-7-1 (2003): Physical (PHY) layer specification

IEC 60728-7-2 (2003): Media access control (MAC) layer specification

IEC 60728-7-3 (2003): Power supply to transponder interface bus (PSTIB) specification.

IEC 60728-9 (2000), Amnd 1 (2005): Interfaces of cabled distribution systems for digitally
modulated signals.

Tiu chun ny m t cc giao din vt l cho cc kt ni ca cc thit b x l tn hiu trong h

thng CATV/SMATV. Tiu chun ny cng xc nh vic truyn cc tn hiu d liu DVB/MPEG-2
trong lp truyn ti chun ha gia cc thit b ca chc nng x l tn hiu khc nhau.

IEC 60728-10 (2005): System performance of return path.

IEC 60728-11 (2005): Safety.

IEC 60728-12 (2001): Electromagnetic compatibility of systems.

Nhn xt: Cc tiu chun trong h IEC 60782 rt y , chi tit cho h thng truyn thanh,

truyn hnh cp.. Trong , tiu chun IEC 60728-2 l tiu chun tng thch in t trng
c xy dng cho cc thit b trong mng phn b truyn hnh cp.
5.2.2 T chc CENELEC (Committee European Norm Electrotechnical)

Gm c 22 thnh vin l U ban quc gia ca cc nc chu u, v 13 trung tm ca cc nc Ty

u. T chc ny c lp ra vi nhim v xy dng cc tiu chun trong lnh vc in in t cho

th trng chu u. Cc tiu chun lin quan n mng cp truyn hnh bao gm cc tiu chun sau:

EN50083 Cabled distribution systems for television and sound signals.

H Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278, vi cc phn tng ng nh sau:

EN 50083-1:1993,A1:1997,A2:1997 Safety requirements

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-11.

EN 50083-2:2001,A1:2005,prA2:2005 EMC for equipment

23

 Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-2.

EN 50083-3:2002 Active wideband equipment for cable networks

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-3.

EN 50083-4:1998 Passive wideband equipment for cable networks

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-4.

EN 50083-5:2001 Headend equipment

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-5.

EN 50083-6:1997,prA1:2000 Optical equipment

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-6.

EN 50083-7:1996,A1:2000 System performance

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-1.

EN 50083-8:2002,prA12005 EMC for networks

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-8.

EN 50083-9:2002 Interfaces for CATV/SMATV headends and similar professional equipment

for DVB/MPEG-2 transport streams.

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-9.

EN 50083-10:2002,prA1:2002 System performance for return paths.

Tiu chun ny tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60278-10.

Nhn xt: H tiu chun ny c p dng cc nc thnh vin ca CENELEC, v ni dung

ca chng hon ton tng ng vi h tiu chun IEC 60728.
5.2.3 T chc ETSI
ETSI nghin cu, xy dng v ban hnh nhiu tiu chun lin quan n mng truyn hnh nh:

24

EN 300 401 Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
portable and fixed receivers.

EN 300 421 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services.

EN 300 429 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for cable systems.

Tiu chun ny a ra chun v cu trc khung, m ho knh v iu ch cho h thng truyn

hnh cp dng k thut s.

TR 101 154 V1.5.1: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation Guidlines for the use
of MPEG-2 systems, video and audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting

Tiu chun ny a ra cc hng dn thit lp vi h thng MPEG-2, hnh v ting cho truyn
hnh v tinh, cp v s mt t.

EN 300 473 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Satellite Master Antenna Television
(SMATV) distribution systems.

EN 300 744 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television.

EN 302 307 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel

coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and
other broadband satellite applications.

TR 101 290 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Measurement guidelines for DVB systems.

ETS 300 800 Digital Video Broadcasting; Interaction channel for Cable TV distribution system
(CATV).

Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu i vi knh tng tc hai chiu dng cho mng phn phi
truyn hnh cp (CATV).

Ngoi ra cn cc tiu chun v thit b pht hnh qung b tng t v s, cc yu cu v tng

thch in t trng cho cc thit b pht hnh,
25

 Nhn xt: ETSI cha c tiu chun ring v tng thch in t trng cho cc thit b trong
mng phn b truyn hnh cp.
5.2.4 T chc ITU

ITU a ra mt s khuyn ngh lin quan n mng truyn hnh cp. Cc khuyn ngh ny bao
gm:

ITU-T J.142 "Methods for the measurement of parameters in the transmission of digital cable
television signals".

Khuyn ngh ny a ra mt s phng php o kim cc tham s truyn dn ca tn hiu truyn

hnh cp s.

ITU-T J.141 "Performance indicators for data services delivered over digital cable television
systems".

Khuyn ngh ny cung cp cc ch nh cht lng cho dch v d liu qua h thng truyn hnh
cp dng k thut s.

ITU report 624-4 "Characteristics of Television Systems"

Bo co trnh by cc c tnh chung ca h thng truyn hnh

ITU-R BT.1359-1 "Relative timing of sound and vision for broadcasting"

Khuyn ngh cung cp cc ch tiu v tr gia hnh v ting trong truyn hnh qung b.

ITU-R BT.601 (CCIR) "Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and
Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect Ratio"

Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc yu cu v cc tham s m ho tn hiu truyn hnh s tiu chun 4:3

v mn nh rng 16:9
Nhn xt:
-

Cc khuyn ngh ca ITU a ra cc yu cu lin quan n mng truyn hnh, v truyn

hnh cp dng k thut s ni chung.

26

Cc khuyn ngh ca ITU khng a ra tiu chun cho thit b dng trong mng truyn
hnh cp.

5.2.5 Tiu chun ca c

Tiu chun ca c chp thun tiu chun EN 50083 ca CENELEC lm tiu chun ca mnh. Cc
tiu chun m c p dng bao gm:

DIN EN 50083, VDE 0855 Cable Distribution Systems for Audio and Television Broadcasting
Signals.

DIN EN 50083-1, VDE 0855 Part 1: Part 1: Safety Requirements 1994-03

DIN EN 50083-2, VDE 0855 Part 2: Part 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility of Equipment

1996-04.

DIN EN 50083-3, VDE 0855 Part 3: Part 3: Active Wide-Band Equipment for Coaxial
Distribution Networks.

DIN EN 50083-4, VDE 0855 Part 4: Part 4: Passive Wide-Band Equipment for Coaxial
Distribution Networks

DIN EN 50083-5, VDE 0855 Part 5: Part 5: Equipment for Head Stations

DIN EN 50083-6, VDE 0855 Part 6: Part 6: Optical Equipment

DIN EN 50083-7, VDE 0855 Part 7: Part 7: System Requirements

DIN EN 50083-8: Part 8: Electromagnetic Compatibility of Systems

Nhn xt: Nh vy, c cng s dng tiu chun EN50083 lm tiu chun ca mnh.
5.2.6 Tiu chun ca c/New zealand
c c nhiu tiu chun lin quan n lnh vc truyn hnh nh:

AS 1417 Receiving antennas for radio and television in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

AS 1417.1 Part 1: Construction and installation

AS 1417.2 Part 2: Performance

27

AS 3815 A guide to coaxial cabling in single and multiple premises

AS 4599 Digital television Terrestrial broadcasting

AS 4599.1 Part 1: Characteristics of digital terrestrial television transmissions

AS 4933 Digital televisionRequirements for receivers

AS 4933.1 Part 1: VHF/UHF DVB-T television broadcasts

Tuy nhin, c bit gn gi v st vi tiu chun m chng ta ang nghin cu c tiu chun

AS/NZS 1367:2000 Coaxial cable systems for the distribution of analog and sound signals in
single and multiple unit installations. Sau ny tiu chun ny c cp nht thnh

AS/NZS

1367:2007 Coaxial cable and optical fibre systems for the RF distribution of analog and digital
TV and sound signals in single and multiple dwelling installations.

Tiu chun ny a ra cc ch tiu k thut, cc yu cu i vi h thng phn b trong mng truyn

hnh cp cho cc ta nh.

Tiu chun ny xc nh cc yu cu i vi thit b v cht lng h thng v an tan, EMC, v

cht lng dch v cho ngi s dng.

Nhn xt: Tiu chun ny tham chiu n cc tiu chun EN 50083 ca CENELEC v IEC

60728 ca IEC. Ni dung cc phn ca tiu chun AS/NZS 1367 hon tan ging vi ni dung cc
tiu chun ca h tiu chun IEC 60728.
5.2.7 Tiu chun ca Anh

Cc tiu chun ca Anh do Vin Tiu chun Anh (Bsi- British Standards Institute) xy dng v ban
hnh. Cc tiu chun lin quan n mng cp Anh gm c cc h tiu chun sau:

1980, SCTE, Terminology & Symbols for Cabled Distribution Systems.

1982, IEC Publication 728, Cabled Distribution Systems primarily intended for sound and
television signals operating between 30 MHz and 1 GHz.

H tiu chun BS6513 Wideband Cabled Distribution Systems c xy dng v ban hnh
trong thi gian t nm 1984 n nm 1987.

28

H tiu chun BS EN50083 Cabled distribution systems for television and sound signals

c xy dng v ban hnh t nm 1994 n nm 20002.

H tiu chun BS EN60728 Cabled networks for television signals, sound signals and

interactive services c xy dng v ban hnh t nm 2003.

Cc tiu chun lin quan n mng cp Anh c ban hnh v p dng bao gm:

C th v h tiu chun BS6513 Wideband Cabled Distribution Systems gm c 6 phn, hin

c 4 phn vn ang c p dng, cn phn BS6513-3 v BS6513-6 b rt li.

C th v h tiu chun BS EN50083: Hon ton chp thun nguyn vn h tiu chun

EN50083 ca CENELEC.
C th v h tiu chun BS EN60728: Chp thun han tan h tiu chun IEC 60728.

Nhn xt: Cc tiu chun ca Anh hon tan chp thun cc tiu chun ca IEC v
CENELEC.
5.2.8 Tiu chun ca Hng Kng
Hng Kng tun th v p dng mt s tiu chun lin quan n truyn hnh nh sau:

Tiu chun HKTA-1103 Performance Requirements of Television Signals Input to the Head

End of Subscription Television System.

Tiu chun HKTA-1104 Performance Requirements for In-building Coaxial Cable

Distribution System (IBCCDS)

Tiu chun ny t ra cc yu cu cht lng i vi cc h thng phn b cp ng trc trong

cc ta nh. Cc h thng IBCCDS bao gm c cc h thng truyn hnh cp.
Tiu chun ny bao gm cc ni dung chnh nh sau:
-

Phn knh v cp pht tn s;

Cc yu cu cht lng i vi phn b tn hiu truyn thanh v truyn hnh tng t;

Cc yu cu cht lng i vi phn b tn truyn hnh s;

Cc yu cu cht lng i vi cc tn hiu chuyn tip trong cc dch v vin thng;

29

Trnh nhiu;

Cc yu cu v an ton.

Tiu chun HKTA-1105 Technical Information for Frequency Planning of Cabled

Distribution Systems.

Tiu chun ITU-R BT.470-4 Television Systems.

Tiu chun BSEN 50083 Parts 1 to 7 Cabled Distribution Systems for Television and Sound
Signals.

Tiu chun HKTA-1101 Performance and Safety Requirements for Subscription Television
System.

Tiu chun HKTA-1102 Radiation Limits and Measurement Methods for Subscription
Television System.

Nhn xt: Hng Kng cng chp thun p dng cc tiu chun quc t, bao gm h tiu
chun IEC 60728 v EN 50083 ca CENELEC.
5.3 Nhn xt

Trn th gii, c rt nhiu tiu chun lin quan n tng thch in t trng cho cc thit b
trong mng phn phi truyn hnh cp.

Hu ht cc quc gia u s dng tiu chun EN 50083 ca CENELEC xy dng tiu

chun cho mnh. Tiu chun EN 50083 han ton tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 69728 ca
t chc IEC.

Hin Vit Nam c TCVN 9373:2012 Thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp - Yu

cu v tng thch in t trng (EMC) c xy dng trn c s chp thun nguyn vn

IEC 60728-2

30

L do, mc ch v phm vi xy dng Quy chun

6.1 L do xy dng tiu chun

Hin nay, mng truyn hnh ca Vit Nam ngy cng pht trin vi cc loi khc nhau nh truyn
hnh tng t, truyn hnh s, truyn hnh v tinh, truyn hnh cp.

Cc thit b s dng trong mng truyn hnh rt a dng v chng loi v c xut x t nhiu ngun

gc. Cc b khuch i ngoi tri c cng sut kh ln c th tc ng, nh hng nht nh n mi

trng xung quanh, gy can nhiu rt ln cho cc mng khc

Hin ti, Trung tm Tin hc v o lng ca i Truyn hnh Vit Nam tin hnh o kim cc b

khuch i dng trong mng truyn hnh cp nhng s c nh gi l theo tiu chun hng, m cha
c tiu chun ca Vit Nam.
6.2 Mc ch xy dng Quy chun

Vic xy dng Quy chun tng thch in t trng cho cc thit b trong mng phn phi tn hiu
truyn hnh cp l rt cn thit nhm mc ch:

Phc v cho cng tc chng nhn hp quy cc b khuch i bng rng dng trong mng truyn

hnh cp.
Phc v cho cng tc qun l thit b.

m bo khi chng loi thit b ny c a vo s dng th khng gy nh hng n cc h

thng thng tin khc.

6.3 Phm vi xy dng tiu chun

Cn c vo nhu cu v thc tin cn c QCVN qun l EMC, gii quyt can nhiu mng cp
ti cc h thng khc,V KHCN thc hin ti Nghin cu, xy dng quy chun k thut quc gia
v tng thch in t (EMC) cho thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp trn c s
TCVN 9373:2012 vi ni dung mc tiu sot st, chuyn i ban hnh QCVN Quy chun k
thut quc gia v tng thch in t (EMC) cho thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp:
Trn c s, TCVN sot xt chuyn i thnh QCVN
Xy dng d tho QCVN theo ng quy nh, lp h s ban hnh QCVN trong nm 2012.

31

7 S c xy dng quy chun

7.1 Tiu ch la chn s c chnh
Vic la chn s c chnh cn c trn cc tiu ch sau y:
Cc ti liu c la chn phi c tnh khoa hc, r rng, v c tnh cp nht cao.
Cc ti liu ny c nhiu nc, nhiu hng s dng.
Cc ti liu ph hp vi yu cu v qun l nh nc.
Cc ti liu ph hp vi kh nng qun l thit b ca B.
Cc ti liu c la chn p ng c cc yu cu ng k trong cng.

7.2 Phn tch ti liu

Trong s cc ti liu chun ho ca cc t chc, cc nc lin quan n truyn hnh cp, c mt

s tiu chun c th p dng cho b khuch i bng rng nh sau:
7.2.1 Tiu chun IEC 60728-2 ca IEC

Tiu chun ny nm trong h Tiu chun IEC 60728 Cabled networks for television signals,
sound signals and interactive services. N l phn th hai trong h tiu chun ny.
Tn tiu chun: IEC 60728-2 (2002-10): Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment.
Nm ban hnh: 2002.

Phm vi p dng ca tiu chun IEC 60728-2: p dng cho cc thit b trong h thng phn phi

truyn hnh cp, bao trm di tn t 5 MHz ti 862 MHz.

Ni dung ca tiu chun IEC 60728-2: Bao gm cc yu cu i vi thit b, trong yu cu v

tng thch in t trng, bc x v min nhim v cc phng php o.

Tiu chun trn chnh l tiu chun tham chiu xy dng TCVN 9373:2012 Thit b trong h
thng phn phi truyn hnh cp - Yu cu v tng thch in t trng (EMC)
7.2.2 Tiu chun EN 50083-2 ca CENELEC
Hon ton tng ng vi tiu chun IEC 60728-2.
32

7.2.3 Tiu chun cc nc

TCVN 9373:2012 Thit b trong h thng phn phi truyn hnh cp - Yu cu v tng thch
in t trng (EMC)

7.2.4 Nhn xt

- Tiu chun IEC 60728-2 l mt tiu chun ca t chc c uy tn, bn thn n rt khoa
hc, r rng v y .
- Tiu chun ny c ban hnh ln th nht vo thng 10 nm 2002.

- Tiu chun IEC 60728-2 c cc nc chp thun p dng, c nhiu hng sn xut
s dng lm s c nh gi thit b ca mnh.

- Phm vi p dng ca tiu chun IEC 60728-2 l cc thit b dng trong mng phn b
truyn hnh cp, ng vi i tng m b cn qun l.

- Ni dung ca tiu chun IEC 60728-2 p ng c cc ni dung ng k trong

cng.
7.3 Kt lun

Da trn cc s c a ra v nhng phn tch, nhn xt, nh gi v cc s c, cn c

vo mc ch, yu cu ca ti, cn c vo gii hn phm vi thc hin ca ti, nhm

thc hin ti quyt nh la chn tiu chun IEC 60728-2(2002-10): Cable networks for

television signals, sound signals and interactive services Part 2: Electromagnetic

compatibility for equipment ( hay TCVN 9373:2012 Thit b trong h thng phn phi

truyn hnh cp - Yu cu v tng thch in t trng (EMC)), lm s c chnh xy

dng b Quy chun k thut.
7.4 Hnh thc thc hin
B tiu chun k thut c bin son theo phng php:
- chp thun p dng tiu chun quc t tng ng,
33

- vi hnh thc dch nguyn vn,

- c b cc li th t cc mc,
- v sa i li phn phm vi p dng cho ph hp vi yu cu ca Vit Nam

Ni dung tiu chun quc t c chuyn thnh ni dung ca b tiu chun k thut theo hnh thc
chp thun nguyn vn ph hp vi Thng t 03/2011/TT-BTTTT.

8 Cch thc xy dng b Quy chun k thut

8.1 Tn b Quy chun k thut

Quy chun k thut quc gia v tng thch in t trng cho cc thit b trong h thng phn
phi truyn hnh cp
8.2 B cc ca b Tiu chun k thut
B Tiu chun k thut c xy dng vi b cc nh sau:
1. Quy nh chung
2. Quy nh k thut
3. Phng php o
4. Quy nh v qun l
5. Trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn
6. T chc thc hin
Bng 1: i chiu tiu chun tham kho vi b tiu chun k thut(IEC60728-2(2002-10) hon ton
tng ng TCVN 9373:2012)

QCVN

Tiu chun

Sa i, b

tham kho

sung

1.1 Phm vi iu IEC60728chnh

T xy dng

L do
ph hp vi mc

2(2002-

ch xy dng b

10),mc 1

quy chun k thut l

phc v cho chng
nhn hp quy, v
34

m bo chnh xc
vi chng loi thit
b p dng
1.2 i tng p

T xy dng

dng
1.3. Ti liu vin

T xy dng

dn

ng vi thc t
bin son b tiu
chun

1.4. Gii thch t IEC60728-

Chp

ng

nguyn vn

2(2002-10),

thun y v hp l

mc 3
1.5. k hiu v ch IEC60728-

Chp

vit tt

nguyn vn

2(2002-10),

thun y v hp l

mc 3
2. Quy nh k IEC60728-

Chp

thut

nguyn vn

2(2002-10),

thun y v hp l

mc 5
3. Phng php o

IEC60728-

Chp thun

2(2002-

nguyn vn

y v hp l

10)mc 4
4. Quy nh v qun

T xy dng

l
5. Trch nhim ca

T xy dng

t chc, c nhn
6. T chc thc

T xy dng

hin

35

Ti liu tham kho

1.

AS/NZR 1367:2007, Coaxial cable and optical fibre systems for the distribution of analog and
digital television and sound signals in single and multiple dwelling installations.

2.

IEC 60728-3:2005, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks.

3.

IEC 60728-2:2002, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment.

4.

Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi t trng tn s ngun Phng php o v

th TCN 68-210:2002

5.

Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi cc xung Phng php o v th TCN 68209:2002

6.

Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi hin tng st p, ngt qung v thay i in
p Phng php o v th TCN 68-208:2002

7.

Tng thch in t (EMC) - Min nhim i vi hin tng phng tnh in Phng php o
v th TCN 68-207:2002

8.

Min nhim i vi nhiu dn tn s v tuyn - Phng php o v th TCN 68-195:2000

9.

Min nhim i vi nhiu pht x tn s v tuyn - Phng php o v th TCN 68-194:2000

10. Thit b thng tin v tuyn - Yu cu tng thch in t trng TCN 68-192:2000
11. Thit b vin thng - Yu cu chung v pht x TCN 68-191:2000

12. IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
Part 1: System performance of forward paths.

13. IEC 60728-11: 2002, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services Part 11: Safety.
14. Eugene R. Bartlett, Cable Television Handbook.
15. Ti liu hng Terra, Gii thiu cc sn phm.
36

16. Ti liu hng Scientific Atlanta, Gii thiu cc sn phm.

17. Ti liu hng Aeroflex, Gii thiu cc sn phm.
18. EN50083 Cabled distribution systems for television and sound signals.
19. Eugene R. Bartlett, Cable Television Technology and Operation.

37