LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI QUC GIA mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

LTH 16. ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC (P01)

A. ANEHIT XETON
Dng 1. Vit CTPT, xc nh CTCT, c tn
16.1.

ng vi CTPT C5H10O

a) c bao nhiu CTCT c cha nhm cacbonyl ?

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 7.

b) c bao nhiu cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng ?

A. 3.
16.2.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

Mt anehit n chc no c CTCT :

Tn theo danh php thay th ca anehit ny l

A. 2,4,5-trimetylhexanal.

B. 2,3,5-trimetylhexanal.

C. 2,3-imetylhexan-5-al.

D. 4,5-imetylhexan-2-al.

16.3.

Mt anehit no c cng thc n gin nht l C2H3O. CTPT ca anehit l

A. C2H3O.

B. C4H6O2.

C. C6H9O3.

D. C8H12O4.

Dng 2. Phn ng cng

16.4.

Hiro ha hon ton 3,6 gam anehit no, n chc, mch h X thu c 3,7 gam ru

(H = 100%). X l
A. metanal.
16.5.

B. etanal.

C. propanal

D. butanal.

0,1 mol hp cht cacbonyl X tc dng va vi 250 ml dung dch HCN 0,4M thu

c 8,5 gam xianohirin (sn phm cng HCN) Y. X l cht no di y ?

A. CH3CHO.
16.6.

B. OHCCHO.

C. CH3CH2CHO

D. B hoc C.

Hiro ha hon ton 0,15 mol hp cht cacbonyl X cn dng va 6,72 lt H2 (ktc),

thu c 11,1 gam ru bc hai Y. CTCT ca X l

A. CH2=CHCOCH3.

B. CH2=CHCH2CHO. C. CH3CH2COCH3.

D. CH3CH2CH2CHO.

Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI QUC GIA mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

Dng 3. Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton

16.7.

( C Khi A 2007) Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d

AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca anehit l
A. HCHO.
B. CH2=CHCHO.
C. OHCCHO.
D. CH3CHO.
16.8. ( H Khi B 2007) Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c
3,0 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l
A. HCHO.
B. CH2=CHCHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH3CHO.
16.9. Mt hn hp gm hai anehit X v Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca anehit no,
n chc, mch h. Cho 1,02 gam hn hp trn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu
c 4,32 gam Ag kim loi (hiu sut 100%). Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. HCHO v CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO v CH3CH2CHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO v C3H7CHO.
D. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO.
16.10. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch cha AgNO3/NH3 d
thu c 54,0 gam Ag kt ta. Hiro ha hon ton m gam X cn dng va ht 6,72 lt H2
(ktc). Hn hp X gm cc anehit no di y ?
A. CH3CHO v CH3CH2CHO.

B. OHCCHO v OHCCH2CHO.

C. CH2=CHCHO v CH3CH=CHCHO.

D. CH2=CHCHO v OHCCHO.

Dng 4. Phn ng t chy

16.11. ( H Khi B 2007) t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b
mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2
electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no, c 2 ni i, n chc.
C. no, hai chc.
D. khng no, c 1 ni i, n chc.
16.12. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anehit n chc X cn dng va 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc),
thu c 13,2 gam CO2. X l anehit no di y ?
A. CHCCHO.

B. CH2=CHCHO.

C. CH3CH2CHO.

D. A, B hoc C.

16.13. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp X gm 2 anehit k tip nhau trong cng dy
ng ng, thu c 15,84 gam CO2 v 3,78 gam H2O. X gm 2 anehit no di y ?
A. OHCCHO v C2H5CHO.

B. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO.

C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO.

D. OHCCHO v OHCCH2CHO.

Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI QUC GIA mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

B. AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Dng 1. Vit CTPT, xc nh CTCT, c tn
16.14. S lng ng phn ng vi CTPT C5H8O2 c phn ng vi NaHCO3 l
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 10.
D. > 10.
16.15. Axit no, mch thng X c cng thc n gin nht : C2H3O2. Tn theo danh php thay
th ca X l
A. Axit etanoic.
B. Axit butanioic.
C. Axit 2-metylpropanioic.
D. B hoc C.
16.16. Cho cc cht sau : C2H5OH (1), CH3COOH (2), HCOOH (3), C6H5OH (4),
CH2=CHCOOH (5). Chiu tng dn tnh axit ca cc cht trn l
A. (1) < (4) < (2) < (3) < (5).
B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (5).
C. (1) < (4) < (5) < (2) < (3).
D. (1) < (4) < (5) < (3) < (2).
Dng 2. Tnh axit
16.17. Trung ha 10,8 gam mt axit n chc bng lng va NaOH thu c 14,1 gam
mui. Axit l
A. CH3COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. C3H5COOH.
D. C2H3COOH.
16.18. 0,25 mol hn hp X cha hai axit hu c mch thng c khi lng 23,5 gam. Cho 23,5
gam X tc dng ht vi 24,0 gam NaOH, thu c 38,5 gam cht rn. Hn hp X gm
A. hai axit n chc.
B. mt axit n chc v mt axit hai chc.
C. hai axit hai chc.
D. mt axit hai chc v mt axit ba chc.
16.19. X, Y l hai axit n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm
7,50 gam X v 5,55 gam Y tc dng va ht vi kim loi Na thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc).
CTPT ca X v Y ln lt l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
16.20. 0,15 mol hn hp X cha hai axit hu c mch thng, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
c khi lng 13,8 gam. Cho 13,8 gam X tc dng vi lng va Na2CO3, thu c 20,4
gam mui khan. Hn hp X gm
A. HOOC-COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH.
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH v CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-COOH v CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-COOH.
D. C 3 phng n trn u ng.
Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)

LP BI DNG KIN THC 10, 11, 12 v N THI QUC GIA mn HA HC Thy L Phm Thnh

Dng 3. Phn ng este ha

16.21. un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn
ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l (Cho
H = 1; C = 12; O = 16)
A. 55%.
B. 50%.
C. 62,5%.
D. 75%.
16.22. Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp
X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu
sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. 10,12.
B. 6,48.
C. 8,10.
D. 16,20.
16.23. Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln
nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho
1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit )
A. 0,342.
B. 2,925.
C. 2,412.
D. 0,456.
Dng 4. Phn ng oxi ha
16.24. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 ( ktc),
thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96.
B. 11,2.
C. 6,72.
D. 4,48.
16.25. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol axit n chc X cn dng va 3,36 lt kh O2 (ktc),
thu c 6,6 gam CO2. X l axit no di y ?
A. CH3CH2COOH.

B. CH2=CH-COOH.

C. CHC-COOH.

D. A, B hoc C.

16.26. Hn hp X gm hai axit k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton
0,15 mol X bng 3,696 lt O2 (ktc) va thu c 15,84 gam CO2 v 3,78 gam H2O. Hai axit
trong X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. HOOC-COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH.
B. CH3-COOH v CH3-CH2-COOH.
C. CH2=CH-COOH v CH2=CH-CH2-COOH.
D. HOOC-CH2-COOH v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH.
16.27. Dy gm cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. HOOC-COOH, CH3-CHO, HCOOH.
B. CH3-COOH, HO-CH2-CHO, HCHO.
C. CH2=CH-COOH, OHC-CHO, HCOOH.
D. HCHO, HCOOH, HCOOCH3.

Lin h : Thy L Phm Thnh (E-mail : thanh.lepham@gmail.com Phone : 0976.053.496)