Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math.

Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

- .
.
M ) (x, y .
)M(2,3), N(-1,2
M N- :
M O :

d = x2 + y2
) ( x1 , y1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 :

) d = ( x1 x 2 ) + ( y1 y 2
F ( x, y ) = 0 2 - x, y -
) GF ( .
M ( x, y ) G F F ( x, y ) = 0
:
2
2
2
x + y = R R .
2

( x x0 ) + ( y y0 ) = R 2 R ) M 0 ( x0 , y 0

2

R ) (.
:
Ax + By + D = 0 - xy
) 0 x + 0 y + D = 0 , D=0 ,xy
, , D 0 0 x + 0 y + 1 = 0 (.
.
x = 0; y = 0 x = c; y = c
.
x + y = 2 ). (2,0),(0,2
) (m,0),(0,n :
x
y
+ =1
m
n
.
) (x1, y1), (x2, y2 :
x y 1
x1 y1 1 = 0
y2 1

x2

(1 - ,
x, y (2 -

. )M (3,1), N (1,5
x y 1
1 1
3 1 3 1
3 1 1=0 x
y
+
= 0 4 x 2 y + 14 = 0 2 x + y = 7 .
5 1
1 1 1 5
1 5 1
:

)M (3,1) : 2 3 + 1 = 7 (truth); N (1,5) : 2 1 + 5 = 7 (truth

1

 Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math. Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

A x + B1 y = C1
1 -

A2 x + B2 y = C2

. :
A B1
.1 0
= det 1
A2 B 2
.

= 0 :
.2 .

.
.3 .
.
x + 3y = 7
x + 3y = 7
) ( (7 - 3y, y) 3)2 x + 6 y = 10

2 x + y = 5 = 1 0
x + 3y = 7
1)
2)

3 x + 2 y = 8 x = 2, y = 1
3 x + 9 y = 21

ax + 2 y = b
a, b ,c
.
4 x + 4 y = c

, , .
.
a 2
= . = 0 a = 2 . a 2
= 4a 8
4 4
b . c - :
y
b 2
a b
x
4b 2c
ac 4b
= ;y
= ;x
= = 4b 2c; y
= = ac 4b; x
= ;y
c 4
4 c

4a 8
4a 8

=x

2 x + 2 y = b

) a=2 ( = 0
4 x + 4 y = c

c=2b ) 2x + 2y = b (xy
c 2b .
2b c
ac 4b
= ;y
. a 2
2a 4
4a 8

= . x c = 2b & a = 2

b
b

- x R, x, x : x
2
2

=y

c 2b & a = 2 ) (.

 Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math. Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

- .

OX OY - OZ
,XY .xyz

) 1 (.
M
) (x,y,z : M
XY x y - ) XY M'xy
M .(XY z M M )

" ("+ ) " ("- .XY

M x 2, y 3, z 3 )(2,3,3
M O :
) : M 1 ( x1 , y1 , z1 ), M 2 ( x2 , y 2 , z 2

d = x2 + y2 + z 2

(x1 x2 )2 + ( y1 y 2 )2 + (z1 z 2 )2

=d

F ( x, y, z ) = 0 3 - x, y, z -
) GF ( .
M ( x, y , z ) G F F ( x, y , z ) = 0
:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 R .
( x x 0 ) + ( y y 0 ) + ( z z 0 ) = R 2 R
2

) M 0 ( x0 , y 0 , z 0

R ) (.
-
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 .xyz

.
.
x = 0; y = 0, z = 0 x = c; y = c, z = c
.

 Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math. Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

x + y = 2 xy x + y = 2 .xy

.

) (

.
2 x z = 4 y xz

- ) (y

Ax + By + Cz = D D

.
.
2 x + y + 3z = 6
) P(3,0,0), S (0,6,0), T (0,0,2
PTS .
- D = 0 Ax + By + Cz = 0

).(0,0,0
A x + B1 y + C1 z = D1
1

A2 x + B 2 y + C 2 z = D 2
. :

.1 ;
.2 .
.
.3
) ( ;

 Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math. Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

.
2 x + y + z = 4
x + y z = 2
y + z = 0
2)
3)
4)
4 x + 2 y + 2 z = 8
x y + z = 4
x y = 2

2 x + y + z = 4
1)
4 x + 2 y + 2 z = 6

1 ) ( .
2

2 x + y + z = 4 .xyz
,3 .

) (3, y, y + 1 y .
) 4 (3 ) . (2 z , z , z
A1 x + B1 y + C1 z = D1

A2 x + B 2 y + C 2 z = D 2
A x + B y + C z = D
3
3
3
3
3 . :
A1 B1 C1

.1 det A2 B2 C 2 0 -
A B C
3
3
3
.

0 - :
.2- ) (;
.3-

.
.5-4 - ) (.
) (4

) .(5

x + y = 1
x + y + z = 2 x 2 y = 0
x + 2 y + z = 2
x + y = 2

1) x y = 0
2) 2 x + y = 0 3) 2 x + 4 y + 2 z = 4 4) x + y = 1 5) x = 0
z = 1
x + 3 y = 0
3 x + 6 y + 3 z = 6
y = 0
y = 0

 Dr. Pavel Satianov, Math. Department of Sami Shamoon College of Engineering

. 3
.

, :

)M(m, 0, 0) , N(0, n, 0) , P(0, 0, p

x
y
z
+
+
=1
m
n
p

) m, n, p
- ( .
M,N,P.

:

)(x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3

z1 1
=0
z2 1

y1
y2

x1
x2

z3 1

y3

x3

(1 - ,
x, y, z (2 -

z3 1

y3

x3

z2 1

y2

x2

z1 1

y1

x1

z1 1
0
z2 1

y1
y2

z1 1
x
0; 1
z2 1
x2

y1
y2

z1 1
x
0; 1
z2 1
x2

y1
y2

x1
x2

z3 1

y3

z3 1

y3

z3 1

y3

x3

x3

x3

. )(1,2,2), (2,1,1), (2,0,3

.
z 1
2 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 2
2 1
= 0 x 1 1 1 y 2 1 1 + z 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 = 0
1 1
0 3 1
2 3 1
2 0 1
2 0 3
3 1

y
2

x
1

2 1
2 0

3x 2 y z + 9 = 0 3x + 2 y + z = 9

4 ) (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3), (x4, y4, z4

V :
z1 1

y1

x1

z2 1
z3 1

y2
y3

z4 1

y4

1 x2
6 x3
x4

=V

0- 4 .