VT L 10

PHN MT C HC.
Chng I ng hc cht im.
Bi 2: Chuyn ng thng bin i u.
Gia tc ca chuyn ng: a =
t
v v
0

(m/s
2
)
Qung ng trong chuyn ng:
s
0
v
t +
2
2
at
Phng trnh chuyn ng: x = x
0 +
v
0
t
+
2
1
at
2
Cng thc c lp thi gian:
v
2

v
0
2
= 2
s a.
Bi 3: S ri t do.
Vi gia tc: a = g = 9,8 m/s
2
(= 10 m/s
2
).
Cng thc:
Vn tc:
v
= g.t (m/s)
Chiu cao (qung ng): h=
) (
2
) (
2
2
s
g
h
t m
gt
>
Bi 4: Chuyn ng trn u.
Vn tc trong chuyn ng trn u:
f r
T
r
r
t
s
v . . 2
. 2
.

(m/s)
Vn tc gc:
f
T r
v
T
. 2
2

(rad/s)
Chu k: (K hiu: T) l khong thi gian (giy) vt i c mt vng.
Tn s (K hiu:
f
): l s vng vt i c trong mt giy.
f
=
T
1
( Hz)
ln ca gia tc hng tm: a
ht
= r
r
v
.
2
2
(m/s
2
).
Chng II ng lc hc cht im.
Bi 9: Tng hp v phn tch lc. iu kin cn bng ca cht im.
Tng hp v phn tch lc.
1. Hai lc bng nhau to vi nhau mt gc

: F = 2.F
1
.cos
2

2. Hai lc khng bng nhau to vi nhau mt gc

:
F= F
1
2
+ F
2
2
+ 2.F
1.
F
2.
cos

iu kin cn bng ca cht im:

0 ...
2
1 + + +

n F F F
Bi 10: Ba nh lut Niu-tn:
nh lut 2:

a m F .
nh lut 3:

B A
A B F F
AB BA F F


.
1
Bi 11: Lc hp dn. nh lut vn vt hp dn.
Biu thc:
2
2 1
. .
R
m m G
F
hd

Trong : G = 6,67.10
-11

,
_

2
2
.
kg
m N
m
1,
m
2 :
Khi lng ca hai vt.
R: khong cch gia hai vt.
Gia tc trng trng:
2
) (
..
h R
M G
g
+

M = 6.10
24
Khi lng Tri t.
R = 6400 km = 6.400.000m Bn knh Tri t.
h : cao ca vt so vi mt t.
Vt mt t: g
2
.
R
M G

Vt cao h: g

= 2
) (
.
h R
M G
+
g

=
2
2
) (
.
h R
R g
+
Bi 12: Lc n hi ca l xo. nh lut Hc.
Biu thc: F
h
= k.
| | l

Trong : k l cng ca l xo.
| | l
bin dng ca l xo.
Lc n hi do trng lc: P = F
h
| | . l k g m

| |
.
l
g m
k

k
g m
l
.
| |
Bi 13: Lc ma st.
Biu thc: F
ms
N .
Trong :

h s ma st
N p lc (lc nn vt ny ln vt khc)
Vt t trn mt phng nm ngang:
F
ms
=

.P =

.
g m.
Vt chuyn ng trn mt phng nm ngang chu tc dng ca 4 lc.

N
2

F
ms
F
ko

P
Ta c:

+ + +
ms
ko F F N P F
V ln: F = F
ko
- F
ms

'

g m F
a m F
ms
ko
. .
.

=> Khi vt chuyn ng theo qun tnh: F

ko
= 0

g a .
Vt chuyn ng trn mp nm ngang vi lc ko hp vi mp 1 gc

N
F
ko

F
ms
F
hp lc

P
Ta c:
0 + +

P N F Ko
0 . + P N Sin F
ko

Sin F P N
ko
.
Vt chuyn ng trn mt phn nghing.
F
ms
N

P F
hp lc

Vt chu tc dng ca 3 lc: =>
ms HL F P N F

+ +
ms HL
F F F
T hnh v ta c: Cos P N .
Sin P F .
Ta c theo inh ngha: F
ma st
=
Cos P N . . .
Cos P Sin P F F F
ms HL
. . .

(1)
Theo nh lut II Niu-ton: F
hp lc
=
a m.
g m P .
T (1)
Cos g m Sin g m a m . . . . . .
) . ( Cos Sin g a
Bi 14: Lc hng tm.
3
Biu thc: F
ht
=
. m
a
ht
= r m
r
v
m . . .
2
2

Trong nhiu trng hp lc hp dn cng l lc hng tm:
F
hd
= F
ht

h R
v m
h R
m m G
+

2
2
2 1
.
) (
. ..
Bi 15: Bi ton v chuyn ng nm ngang.
Chuyn ng nm ngang l mt chuyn ng phc tp, n c phn tch
thnh hai thnh phn
x
v
Theo phng Ox => l chuyn ng O x
a
x
= 0, 0
v v
x

y
v


Thnh phn theo phng thng ng Oy.
v
a
y
= g (= 9,8 m/s
2
),
t g v .
cao:
g
h
t
t g
h
2
2
.
2

y
Phng trnh qu o:
2
0
2 2
2
.
2
.
v
x g t g
y
Qu o l na ng Parabol
Vn tc khi chm t:
2 2 2
y x
v v v +

2 2
0
2 2
) . ( t g v v v v
y x
+ +
Chng III Cn bng v chuyn ng ca vt rn.
Bi 17: Cn bng ca vt rn chu tc dng ca 2 lc v ca 3 lc khng
song song.
A, Cn bng ca vt rn chu tc dng ca 2 lc khng song song.
0 2 1 +

F F


2
1 F F
iu kin:
1. Cng gi
2. Cng ln F
3. Cng tc dng vo mt vt
4. Ngc chiu
B, Cn bng ca vt chu tc dng ca 3 lc khng song song.

+ + +
3 12
3 12 3 2 1 0 0 F F F F F F F

1
F

iu kin:
1. Ba lc ng phng
2. Ba lc ng quy
3. Hp lc ca 2 lc trc i vi lc th 3

3
F
Bi 18: Cn bng ca mt vt c trc quay c nh. Momen lc
Vt cn bng ph thuc vo 2 yu t.
1. Lc tc dng vo vt
4
2. Khong cch t lc tc dng n trc quay
Biu thc: M = F.d (Momen lc) d
Trong : F lc lm vt quay
d - cnh tay n (khong cch t
lc n trc quay)
Quy tc tng hp lc song song cng chiu.
A O
1
Biu thc: F = F
1
+ F
2
O

1
2
2
1
d
d
F
F

(chia trong) d
1
d
2
B

2 2 1 1
. . d F d F

1
F

2
F
Chng IV Cc nh lut bo ton.
Bi 23: ng lng. nh lut bo ton ng lng.
ng lng:

v m P .

,
_

s
m kg.
Xung ca lc: l bin thin ng lng trong khong thi gian t
t F p

.
nh lut bo ton ng lng (trong h c lp).
1. Va chm mm: sau khi va chm 2 vt dnh vo nhau v chuyn
ng cng vn tc

v
.
Biu thc:

+ + v m m v m v m ) ( . .
2 1
2
2
1
1
2. Va chm n hi: sau khi va chm 2 vt khng dnh vo nhau l
chuyn ng vi vn tc mi l:

1
'
v
,

2
'
v
Biu thc:


+ + 2
'
2
1
'
1
2
2
1
1
. . . . v m v m v m v m
3. Chuyn ng bng phn lc.
Biu thc:

+ 0 . . V M v m


v
M
m
V .
Trong : m,

v
khi lng kh pht ra vi vn tc
v
M,

V
khi lng M ca tn la chuyn
ng vi vn tc

V
sau khi pht kh
5
Bi 24: Cng v Cng sut.
N F

F
Cng: A = cos . .s F

Trong : F lc tc dng vo vt
s F

gc to bi lc F v phng chuyn di (nm

ngang) v s l chiu di qung ng chuyn ng (m)
Cng sut: P =
t
A
(w) vi t l thi gian thc hin cng (giy s)
Bi 25, 26, 27: ng nng Th nng C nng.
ng nng: l nng lng ca vt c c do chuyn ng.
Biu thc:
2
. .
2
1
v m w

nh l ng nng(cng sinh ra):
2
1
2
2
. .
2
1
. .
2
1
v m v m W A
Th nng:
1. Th nng trng trng:
h g m W
t
. .
Trong : m khi lng ca vt (kg)
h cao ca vt so vi gc th nng. (m)
g = 9,8 or 10 (m/s
2
)
nh l th nng (Cng A sinh ra): sau
h g m h g m W A . . . .
0

2. Th nng n hi: W
t
=
( )
2
| | . .
2
1
l k
nh l th nng (Cng A sinh ra):
( ) ( )
2
2
2
1
| | .
2
1
| | .
2
1
l k l k W A
C nng:
1. C nng ca vt chuyn ng trong trng trng:
W = W

+ W
t
h g m v m . . . .
2
1
2
+

2. C nng ca vt chu tc dng ca lc n hi:

W = W

+ W
t
( )
2 2
| | . .
2
1
. .
2
1
l k v m +

Trong mt h c lp c nng ti mi im c bo ton.

M rng: i vi con lc n.
1.
) cos 1 .( . . 2
0
l g v
A
) cos 2 3 .( .
0
g m T
A
0

2.
) cos .(cos . . 2
0
l g v
B
A B
) cos 2 cos 3 .( .
0
g m T
A
Trong :
B A
v v , vn tc ca con lc ti mi v tr A,B

B A
T T , lc cng dy T ti mi v tr.
m khi lng ca con lc (kg)
6
PHN HAI NHIT HC
Chng V Cht kh.
nh lut Bi-l Ma-ri-t (Qu trnh ng nhit)
V
p
1
~
hay
2 2 1 1
V p V p const pV
nh lut Sc-l (Qu trnh ng nhit)
2
2
1
1
T
p
T
p
const
T
p

.
Phng trnh trng thi kh l tng
Biu thc:
const
T
V p
T
V p
T
V p

. . .
2
2 2
1
1 1
Trong :
p
p sut kh
V Th tch kh
273
0
+ c t T [ nhit kh ( )
0
K ]
Chng VI C s ca nhit ng lc hc
Bi 32: Ni nng v S bin thin ni nng.
Nhit lng: s o bin thin ca ni nng trong qu trnh
truyn nhit l nhit lng.
Q U
Biu thc:
t c m Q . .

Q
ta
=

Q
thu
Trong : Q l nhit lng thu vo hay ta ra (J)
m l khi lng (kg)
c l nhit dung ring ca cht
,
_

K kg
J
.
t l bin thin nhit (
o
C hoc
o
K)
Thc hin cng: A U
Biu thc:
U V p A .
Trong :
p
p sut ca kh.
( )
2
m
N
V bin thin th tch (m
3
)
Cch i n v p sut: 1 2
m
N
= 1 pa (Paxcan)
1 atm = 1,013.10
5
pa
1 at = 0,981.10
5
pa
1 mmHg = 133 pa = 1 tor
1 HP = 746 w
7
Bi 33: Cc nguyn l ca nhit ng lc hc.
Nguyn l mt: Nhit ng lc hc.
Biu thc:
Q A U +
Cc quy c v du:
0 > Q
: H nhn nhit lng

Q
< 0 : H truyn nhit lng
A > 0 : H nhn cng
A < 0 : Hn thc hin cng
Chng VII Cht rn v cht lng. S chuyn th
Bi 34: Cht rn kt tinh. Cht rn v nh hnh.
Cht kt tinh Cht v nh hnh
Khi nim
Tnh cht
1. C cu to tinh th
2. Hnh hc xc nh
3. Nhit nng chy xc nh
Ngc cht kt tinh
Phn loi
n tinh th a tinh th
ng hng
D hng ng hng
Bi 35: Bin dn c ca vt rn.
A, Bin dng n hi
bin dng t i:
0 0
0
| | | |
l
l
l
l l

Trong : 0
l
chiu di ban u
l chiu di sau khi bin dng
l bin thin chiu di ( bin
dng).
ng sut:
S
F


( )
2
m
N
nh lut Hc v bin dng c ca vt rn:
Biu thc:
.
| |
0

l
l
Vi

l h s t l ph thuc cht liu vt rn.
Lc n hi:
Ta c:
0
| |
l
l
E
S
F

Biu thc:
| | | |
0
L
l
S
E l k F
h

Trong :
E
E
1 1

(E gi l sut n hi hay sut Y-ng)

0
l
S
E k
v S l tit din ca vt.
Bi 36: S n v nhit ca vt rn
8
Gi:
0 0 0 0
, , , D S V l
ln lt l: di th tch din tch khi
lng ring ban u ca vt.
D S V l , , ,
ln lt l: di th tch din tch khi lng
ring ca vt nhit t
0
C.
t S V l , , ,
ln lt l bin thin(phn n thm) di
th tch din tch nhit ca vt sau khi n.
S n di:
t l l t l l + . . ) . 1 .(
0 0

Vi

l h s n di ca vt rn. n v:
1
1

K
K
S n khi:
) . . 3 1 .( ) . 1 .(
0 0
t V t V V + +

t V V . 3 .
0

Vi
. 3
S n tch (din tch):
) . . 2 1 .(
0
t S S +
t S S . 2 .

2
1
) . 2 1 (
2
0
2
2
0
2

+
d
d
t t d d
Vi d l ng knh tit din vt rn.
S thay i khi lng ring:
( )
t
D
D t
D D +
+
. 3 1
. 3 1
1 1
0
0

Bi 37: Cc hin tng ca cc cht.

Lc cn b mt:
l f .
(N)
Trong :

h s cng b mt. ( )
m
N
d l . chu vi ng trn gii hn mt
thong cht lng. (m)
Khi nhng mt chic vng vo cht lng s c 2 lc cng b mt ca cht
lng ln chic vng.
1. Tng cc lc cng b mt ca cht lng ln chic vng
F
cng
= F
c
= F
ko
P (N)
Vi F
ko
lc tc dng nhc chic vng ra khi cht lng (N)
P l trng lng ca chic vng.
2. Tng chu vi ngoi v chu vi trong ca chic vng.
( ) ) d D l +
Vi D ng knh ngoi
D ng knh trong
3. Gi tr h s cng b mt ca cht lng.
( ) d D+

Fc
Ch : Mt vt nhng vo x phng lun chu tc dng ca hai lc cng
b mt
9