Q```````````````````aCGh AGQBG

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ddh ,h VQCG d aJ dG dG J Y dH EGh ,gNh H
e ,HCG iG h ,bCG Y dG eCG SdG aGG - jCGQ - OGOS
.QfG e j kUa d aJh jJ JG IQK C ,dG Gg e j
j CG dG e dh .MCG e GdGh dG
gP QU fEG Y IQb cCG d eBdG dG
kS e M EGh ,kJh ac cCG gjQSh
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jdG j d ic jQP EG LM fc dG
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AY gfh d N ,PEG ,da .jJh dG
ceCG eCG ILCG e gZ hCG jcG GHG
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jCGQ .kGjL d eBdG dG e dG Ggh
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G Gg jh !fd AY hCG jU cQa
ShCG G g j dGh ,Sd eBdG dG EG
Y Uh fCH ,HdG dG SdG aG kbf
.jG dG jQJ d HS ie EG aG IQK
,dG Y IeGDe jDhQ Y Fg IQb dP jh
f fCH J OJ GMCG ,Y LH kjCG Gh
Ge e J hCG SdG YdG W QJ

dGh .fEG OLh b b GG dG

Gk AL dG Gg c .dG CG bCG g GG
Q J bh .jdG IG a fEG FGH e
d QfCGh ,FGdG JM ge e c e Jh fEG
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aG IQK e ZdG Y SdG IM gKCG d GReh
e e hj KCG Gg dh .kGNCG dG NO dG
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kdZ JJ aGG C , c NBG EG T
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.IO YLG a EG
HdG dG j ,aG IQK Y ,dG Gg h
aGG e i e YGC ,AG dG L j aGE h
Gh SdGh G jh .GG dGh
e CG fGbCG Y ,HdG dG keY SdH
WShCG S dG aGG QfG M e iNGC
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C d aGG G d H dhh
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dG e SGh b Y J SdG aGG dh
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2005

(hCG jJ)HcCG

e AGQh aGdG Y jjCG f CG fOQCG GPEG Gk c j

SdG aGG EG HdG QG e IjGe Yb
SdG aGG Qf a j a .IeGDGh
AGQh IeGDe Y j dG eBdG dG Th ,HdG
S dH G dG dM HH EG ,GMC G
Y cGG dGh dG h dG g ,jNGC
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S dG G H dG h dG :khCG
dG HdGh
h M dG dG CG Y cj N K j
f g ,NCG dG f N HdG fOH
dP jh . LQOh TCH Authoritarian J
NdG QKBGh dG X Cf LCG N f CG
dh keY IG EG Jfh Yh fEG T Y
dG Y kHM j dG a .a SdG EG
dG jM e ej e Y fG e h
jOMCG G jh ,ae H QNGh
hCG QSd kY hCG kFN G G d VQG NB G
Y Gk eBeh d Gk hYh ,LQN L CG hCG djeEG
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,cGJ dG dG e b f
aGN zaK{ fE j
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f fCG ,Y dG f eh
,fOH aGd edG IQdG
dG Y IQb bCG d EGh
G g e YU H
J EG IY HY OH dG G Y bh
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K a jd g G jdhCG CG Q T
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G e YLG dG Y e f SG GPEGh
jJ dG KCG H bY J CG Rj ,dG
Logicalization ze{ jWh d VG dG
2005

(hCG jJ)HcCG

HY C N QSG bEG hCG hO W hCG idG

.JGH VGh
SdG dG de Y ie zJQG{ j c
H dG Y Ia IQb eBdG HdG P GG
j dG SdG G Fh ,FbdGh GMC G
. CG j be H G Y ka ,F
CG Y dG e dG Gg QGUEG dP Y ke NCdh
YCG eH M ceCG IeGDe 2001 S 11 g
g CG zIY dG{ T YR O H eSCG
,YJCG zjgG{ e g ,Y dG jeh dG
jT Y ed ee e e hCG bh
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11 d GG dG UCG CG g , g Gh
gJh gHH ceCG ILCG j jdG S
d fCG hjh ,O H eSC f bdG j
MCG g Ggh .Gh d fG hCG kSQO IG jdG
d kHY FdG eBdG dG zRYEG{ fGL
dG e H j b id Y j e h .2001
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QGh dG ShCG dG Gg fG ch ,HdG
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j cGQOEGh ae bCG QG j CG dG eh
ja .SdGh H fQe ,SdG Y
EG ,gGdG Y d e HY e a Y
H GdGh dG Y j ,AGdG L jaEG
j e g ,dG Gg Gk N cCG fG dh .G
aG J CG Vj dG dG a e i
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aG ebEG H G g da .e G
Gk J G dG j ddh .HdG Y FdG
j dG Ga .eBdG - GG dG Qf keY
eBdG dG EG dG e b C j GP a
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dh zjf{ CG c .dG hCG Conservatism aG EG

G hCG G dGh eG hCG QdG dG Y L
jCGQ a .U J Tough and Tender Mindedness
dh .dG hCG ka a ,jOGQ T j c
W hCG JGP jJ hCG T OGSG EG Lj eCG CG
CG ,f QWEG G J d (e hCG eL) dG
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Gk OL a GhQU ke ceCG JhJ jCGQ h
. gGdG jDhQ ah dG J IO YEG dh j
dh , gCG d JGdG hCG dG OG Sa
adG GKDG kUNh jhe gCG kjCG YVG
UTCG hCG dG ddh .aGh dGh
OGSG hCG hf Y dG jJ j jdG
Gj CG H J M X hCj dh d
ODj PEG ,YVGh JGdG NGj gh . e fCG
Gk L G e c GPEGh .jDhdG V EG d G
a ,T OGSG d dG Gg CH QGbEG
SS - YLG H f d fCG cCJ gCG j
J UTCG e c OY OLh j Ggh .a
jJ C SdG aGG U aa jDhQ
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H Gk Yh ,Y H keY cGJ dG dG e b f
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H dG WGdG Y kVYh .dGh OdGh
eO J f eb ,MG e AH HT
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ja a ,bYh jFYh FW J EG ,YLG
dGE j V de EG a S dG H j
Y iCh YVe jeh YGb Z YdG
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,a kjY FGSEG QfG H d kSHc a

10

,JGe f ah jNBdh d Jh be
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hG HdG QG id OGSG N dP SCG bh
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c dG Yh eeGC cGJ eY dGE AdG e
Y G Mh FGSEG V GdG e Gk AH ,
G KGC H b dG a . H hCG d Y U a
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fGL e c gGh
e kS a Qa ,dG
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dG SdG ah e S dG e dG Ga
QG Hc fQhOCG Vh
g eh .1950 dG Qjf HQg QGO Y QOdG
OLh OYG H j dG WSEG ,ke dG
OLh OYGh ,dG Ic QhTh GeGDeh W
dGb QWEG dGh ,dGh fEd Le N ib
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fQhOCG jf V Lh dG dG gLh e ZdG Yh
KC a jJ J a ,''dG dG'' Y
eB dG - GG dG QfG dG G
fGC g jdG g SSCG da .HdG dG
kJGP hCG kT Gk OGSG fEG id dG hdG
SSCG Y SdG G hCG bG AH CG c .SSCG
e j ,JGdG jdG hCG dG OGSG e
.jdG hCG OGSG Gg UY Sb feEG CT
eY e SdG aGG EG G HQ ,ke ,jj a
dG Gg e jG dh .MfG hCG dG fG i
fjG Se gTCG e ch .e e LGJ
djOGdG e GC j ,UGe N Y gG SGQd
(The Authoritarian Personality)

2005

(hCG jJ)HcCG

11

f dG LJ C ,gG g QhO HY M f
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g Oj dG GG dG YJh jJ EG dP iOCGh
eBJ fT LQN ib GeGDe EG VhCG
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M Jf N hCG C N CG J ,QeCG SCG e H
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GbG MGh U Y G NCG H ,2010
dG Id dG Od jdG dG LCG dG
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dG jdG jgL ANCG H e N d
dG dG G Gg aSG Y ad kS JG
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LhCGh ,z 2010 jfe{ e Y FdG JQG dG
YJ Y Y dG edG SdG jgG QdG
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IQG CH jG e dG bCG EG j dP eh
Oah Vh Sh eM ANCG EG OJ
X fCG H QOdG dG EG j .G Y FdG
Oj IA dG jOhh dG b Z
,O dG e bC Gh G Z O dG CG ,z c j G{
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V M GeGDe Y dH dCG a ,ddG IdG eCG
zdG{ FQ JGh , jaGE L h e
CG iYH ,jdG eS dG Y ka ,eBdH
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M bJ MH e Ve M EG FGdGh dG cGJ
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dG SdG aGG e :k dK
HdG
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2005

(hCG jJ)HcCG

kaeh kY jGG bJ f gCG Qh kjCG dh

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J fc ,dG Y Gk Qb EG e J fOH
c dG JfRGJ QWEG G f Y aM kJ
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dG G EG kgH QU bh af dG g gh .K
Gk M J b CG U dh f e d j
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aGG Qf a j
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dG dM HH EG ,GMCG AGQh
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M ,bCG Y H hCG ,HdG fOH EG Fb j bh
g G dh .U b Ggh .G H M
j a .O kec kM j e kjCG CG
Jhe LQH M EGh ,FG Fe H kc dG
FG Fe H kec kM f dh .AT c
c b M c d Qh .fQeCG e MGh eCG
ae hCG Y hCG J hCG IQ hCG YGQR hCG YU IMGh
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fe YVeh ff M LhCG dG i G
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V eY J N EG jJ H JG G
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fCG e ZdG Y ,fZ hO e jOG FGhdG fUJ

k j h dG Y VCG eh c
J CGH ,AGdG L jaEG Mh .MC kHjEG
hO f dG b d Jh G H Y
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GPh .. GeGDG e SdG jJh GdGh dG
WC G Y AdG IOG bW e Gk AL Lj
AH AdGh V Rh Yj e H d
dG f dh ,Jee e dG Ib UY
fY dG UY gGC g gh .YdGh dGh
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GfG Z VG dG N e HdG dG
Gd dG SCG Y OHG hCG ,NGdG A dG Y
CG ?j H kej JGQb LGJ EG dP ODj CG ?AdG
jQc e k e J cCGh cCG Gk ObG e J
bj jQdG GC H K ,G jf HG
dEG GUh e EG GUh M dG e kjQJ Y
a gAGQh UCG M g LGJh , J e
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Y dH EGh ,gNh H Lheh e
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iG h ,bCG Y dG eCG SdG aGG
JG IQK C ,dG Gg e j e ,HCG
,bQe dh .QfG e j kUa d aJh jJ
S dG aGG J CG ,k e BG bQ e dh
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Th FdG fj dG G Y k UNh
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dG OjORG SCG e kS a Qa ,dG
Gk AL jeBdG SdGh SdG aGG J dG
d jhdG ffEGh FdG QhO dh .e GC j
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12

a . dhG OG e ZdG Y Gk H j
bO J Y J fC d ,IUb dGRe OG
Gk e d jG C dh ,AGhd S Uhh Vd
jdG A WC G h a j e Gk c H ,Y d
kfMCG j H ,kGN H hjj fCH jh fj
dG e UCG a .QG AGYCd AY fCH
AGH kHe hCG dG aj k W jG j e Y
.e j e Lh jh jh j Y
C j ,TG dG Y J dG G g e h
kUN jH G dG J dh EG AWCG
dGh .bJ EG jODeh Vd e J eY
aGG AGH G H dG je M , G
.cGG dGh dG G g ,SdG

Gh ,SdGh G j
,HdG dG keY SdH
,iNCG e CG fGbCG Y
SdG aGG QfG M e
GdH dhh WShCG
kUNh ,GQdGh GMCd aGG
e AGQh IeGDe iJ dG J
dGh bEG GMCG
e kjQJ J Qj WGbdG EG da
adG QfG KGC VJ S dG dG hdG
CG c .kUN SdG aGGh keY aGG
eCG dG j ,GP hCG G Gg Ic b
ke Gk S dG a .GdG IOG dG IOSG
RdG YVG dG aJh S dG aGG eGC
Y j EG ,eBdG SS SfG CG GQOE
.HY eh VGeGC IGhGeh F NGC UEG Y
Wh ,d b dGh VGeCGh ANCG g eGOa
CG EG eeCG a ,LQN GeGDe g ff e c CG
.zdZ dG{ : f
hX aJ eY EG LGdG IeGDG aGN GC J a
cJ GP :f e SCG Y HLE G M Y YJ
GP ?SGdG Y dG N hO e Y G eGDG
2005

(hCG jJ)HcCG