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(e
u
,v,w) = e
u
_
g
(e
u
,v,w),
_
g
v
= e
u
e
u
(e
u
,v,w) =
_
g
u
(e
u
,v,w) ,
_
g
w
(e
u
,v,w) =
_
g
z
= _ k, donde las
bases fsica y natural cilndricas se tomaran para = e
u
, u = v, z = w, lo que permite abreviar algunos
clculos y asegurar que la base natural es ortogonal). La base natural recproca, en la base cartesiana, se
obtiene en las filas de J
1
:
J
1
(u,v,w) =
{ } i , j ,k
cos sen 0
sen cos 0
0 0 1
u u u
v u u
w
g e v e v
g e v e v
g
( (
( (
=
( (
( (
Las matrices de Gram son diagonales:
2 2
2 1 2
0 0 0 0
( , , ) ... 0 0 ; ( , , ) 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
u u
t u u
e e
G u v w J J e G u v w e
( (
( (
= = = =
( (
( (
#.
2) Los smbolos I
i
jk
son las componentes naturales contravariantes de los vectores
j
k
g
u
c
c
, o sea que deben
ser: I
i
jk
=
_
g
i
j
k
g
u
c
c
. De este modo, en virtud de la estructura sugerida de las matrices J (u,v,w) y J
1
(u,v,w) se
concluye:
i 1
j1
i , j
cos sen 0 cos sen 0 1 0 0
sen cos 0 sen cos 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u
u u u u
u
f c
e v e v e v e v
J J e v e v e v e v
c
c
= =
( ( (
( (
(
( I = = =
( (
(
( (
(
i 1
j2
i , j
cos sen 0 sen cos 0 0 1 0
sen cos 0 cos sen 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u u u
u u u u
v
f c
e v e v e v e v
J J e v e v e v e v
c
c
= =
( ( (
( (
(
( I = = =
( (
(
( (
(
ETSICCP - 2curso 2 Mtodos-matemticas
i 1
j3
cos sen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sen cos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
u u
u u
w
e v e v
J J e v e v
c
c
(
( (
(
( (
( I = = =
(
( (
(
( (
A partir de la disposicin obtenida, la alternativa se obtiene reordenando los smbolos de modo que las tres
primeras filas de las tres matrices anteriores formen ahora las tres columnas de la 1 caja y as sucesivamente
las tres segundas y las tres terceras filas. Concretamente:
1 2 3
ij ij ij
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 ; 1 0 0 ; 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
( ( (
( ( (
( ( ( I = I = I =
( ( (
( ( (
#.
3) Se pide el campo vectorial
v
F
c
c
en componentes naturales contravariantes. La derivacin covariante
permite escribir directamente estas componentes en notacin indicial, a las que se designa agregando los
subndices , 2 a la notacin F
i
propia de las componentes contravariantes de F (formulario). O sea:
F
i
, 2
=
v
c
c
F
i
+ F
h
I
i
h2
(i =f)
1
,2
3
,2
3
,2
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0
v
F u u v
F v v u
F w w
c
c
( ( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( (
= + = +
(
( ( ( ( (
(
( ( ( ( (
= 1
0
v
u
(
(
+
(
(
de modo que, finalmente:
v
F
c
c
= v
_
g
u
+ (1+u)
_
g
v
#.
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