YllK 792.071(497.

11) Jovanovic
Paunco B. Ioeauoeun
TOlliA JOBAHOBHfi - PEllHTEJb
HAPOLIHOr rr030PHIIITA Y EEOrPALIY
CA)KETAK: 06HQHO ce H He 6e3 pasnora 0 TOIllH JOBaHoBHhy nnure xao
TyMaqy MHorHX llpaMCKHX vnora na cucmr Haponnor n030pHIllTa y Eeo-
rparrv y paaaofirsv 0.1 1868. )10 1892, xao MHJbeHHKY MHoroopojHHx L1C)1aJIaUa, nrrrepnpe-
raropv 3aclYIKHoM sa vrewersen,e pea,1HCTHQKOr CTHJIa y Hac. Arm, Torna JOBaHo-
BHh cc vcneumo 6aBHo H nosopmuaoa peIKHjoM aa cuean HapO)1HOr n030pHIIITa y Eeo-
rpanv, nOQeB on 1878. Oran, na CBe no 1892. Toma JOBaHoBHh pexcapao je 104 npesmjcp-
HHX H3BOOCI-ba, na xojnaa je aaj-reurhe rJIaBHe vnore. Crora je neonxonno YMeT-
HOCT Tome JOBaHoBHha npovarpara H H3yqaBaTH HC cave H3 acnexra I-bCrOBOr rnvxoaarsa,
Hero H H3 acneicra I-bCrOBOr pelIHTeJbCKOr nenosan,a.
IIpBaK Haponnor n030pmUTa y Eeorpanv, npOCJIaBJI,eHH 6pOjHHX
BeJIHKHX vnora y 1I0ManeM H CTpaHOM peneproapv, jenan O,U aajsehax yMeT-
HHKa cpncxor rJIyMHIIITa, Touta JOBaHOBHn, n030pHlIIHOM pe)KHjoM no-rco ce
6aBHTH y 3arpe6y, y nocncmsoj rO,UHHH csora anraxoaana y TaMOIIIH>eM Xp-
BaTCKOM HapOlIHOM Ka3aJIHIIITY. on 1. VI 1878. noaeo je, Y3 nJIaTy
r.nvxma, npHMaTH H pe,UHTeJI,CKH ,Uo,UaTaK O,U nsanecer cpopnaara, 're je, KaKO
HaBOllH np CJIaBKO EaTYIIIHn: "YCKOpO H>erOBO HMe xao penarersa oCBaHYJIO
na nJIaKaTHMa nojennnax npencrasa y KojHMa je 6HO HOCHJIau rJIaBHHX yJIO-
ra".' AJIH, no cBeMY cvnehn, TaKBHX nnaxara naje 6HJIO MHoro, jep je Toura
JOBaHoBHn, KaKO nan,e HaBO,UH Earvumh, "nOCJIHje 16. X 1878. necrao H3
3arpe6a".2
11 3aHCTa, Toura JOBaHoBHn naurao ce y Beorparrv BepOBaTHO Ben noxer-
KOM OKT06pa (no CTapOM xanennapv) 1878. r. H O,UMax ce y,UeJIaT-
HOCT Haponnor n030pHIIITa, H TO xao pe)lHTeJI,. HaHMe, OH y Beorpanv pe-
:>KHpa napHcKy CJIHKy y neT Ilopy BHKTopHjeHa Capnva (Victorien
Sardou), y npesorrv JOCHna Evrena TOMHna. Ha npexajepn rora nena y
6eorpa,UcKoM Haponnov n030pHIIITY, y HaCJIOBHoj yJI03H, nojanana ce romha
H3 3arpe6a, Hsana Cajesah. EHJIO je TO 21. X 1878, naxne, cano nernaecrax
nana nOIliTO je Toura JOBaHoBHn necrao H3 3arpe6a, IIITO, oner, na je
npexajepa Dope y Haponaosr n030pHliiTY npnnpesoseaa y sa OHO spexe yo-
KpaTKOM pOKY O,U HeKHX 7-10 naaa,
I C1aBKO EaTVIlIHh, Touia ]06aH06un y 3alpe6y. - CUCHa, roll. IV, KI-b. II, 6p. 6, 1968,
CTp. 605-621.
2 Hero, 616.
147
H Y Hape,IIHHM npencrasaaa lIope y HapO,IIHOM rr030pHIIlTY HaCJJOBHy
yJJory T Y M a ~ m J J e cy rourhe H3 3arpe6a: na npsoj penpnan, 22. X 1878, rrOHOBO
ce rrojannna HBaHa Cajennh, a na rpehoj penpnsn, npnpcbeaoj TeK 8. III 1879,
Mapnja Py:>KWIKa-CTpouH, xoja je rv YJJory, HHa1.Je, TyMa1.JHJJa y 3arpe6y.
Tpefia nanoneavm ,IIa je Cap,IIyOBa Zlopa rrpesmjepno rrpnxaaana y 3arpe6y
27. V 1877, Y HCTOM rrpeBo,IIy J. E. TOMHha 11, neposarno, y pe:>KHjll Anava
MaH,IIpOBHna H ca Jbepxcsr Illpav y HaCJJOBHoj yJJ03H, xoja he ce nojasrrra
H y Eeorpazrv xao 1I0pa. Toura JOBaHoBHn 1894. r. nnje nacrvrmo na sarpe-
6a1.JKoj npennjepn Hope, aJIH, KaKO C1aBKO Earvumh HaBO,IIH, na HeKHM rro-
TOfbHM npencrasaaa aacrvnao je y yJI0311 AH,IIpea, arrrepaapajvhn AH,IIpHjH
cI>HjaHY, KOjH je Ty vnorv TYMa"LJHO na npexnrjepn.' Y CBaKOM cnv-rajv, H3-
nobea,e lIope OIlJJO je TOWH JOBaHoBHny noopo rr03HaTO, Te ce 11 xrorao 6e3
MHoro npnrrpena npnxaanrrn pexcaje rora KOMa,IIa na Georpacxoj cuenn.
Enna je TO 11 npna pexcnja Tome JOBaHOBHna y Beorpanv, H TO npn nocra-
nrsaisv HOBor, ,IIOTan nenseobenor ,IIeJJa na oeorpancxoj rr030pHHUll, a He,
KaKO TO HaBO,IIll Bopnaoje Crojxosnn, rrOCTaBKa KOMa,IIa Enea TOTa Ceocxa
nona, zrena xoje je npesrajepao rrpaxasano 22. IV 1878, H TO Ypexcnja Bvpe
Pajxonaha! Pexcnjv Te npencrase Toura JOBaHOBlln he npevaern, BepOBaTHO
360r 60J1eCTll l3ype Pajxoanha, TeK na neroj penpnsn 2. II 1879. Taicobe, nnje
Ta1.JaH HH CTojKoBHneB HaBO,II rrpeua xojeu je nocnena.a JOBaHoBHneBa pexcuja
6HJJa rrOCTaBKa npaMe Eea Pnxapna <Poca, HHa1.Je npexajepno nsaeneae 21. IX
1891, Y pexcnja Manopana Faapanonnha. Ilocnenn.a pexcnja Tome JOBaHoBll-
ha aa Georpancxoj crrena je rrOCTaBKa CTepHjHHe KOMenllje JKeHLlo6a u yoao-
6a, 15. II 1892. r.'
Y XIX sexv pexcaja ce CXBaTaJIa naj-renrhe xao yMeTHll"LJKO pvxosoben,e
y UHJbY crsapaa,a jemmcraeaor, xapnonajcrcn CKJJanHOr H UCJJOBHTOra rr030-
pllwHora aasobea,a nexor npavcxor nena. Pe,IIHTeJbll cy y HaWHM rr030pHlII-
THMa, na n01.JeUHMa fbHXOBe penosne LJ:eJJaTHOCTH, OHJJH rJJyMUH, na jc TaKO
611JJO 11 Y HapOLJ:HOM no.sopanrrv y Eeorpanv. IIpBH fberOBH pennren,n 6HJJH
cy rJJyMuH JIa3a Ilonoaan H AJIeKca Ea"LJBaHCKH, a LJ:O cnora OnJJaCKa y 3a-
rpe6, 1873, H Anan MaHLJ:pOBlln. Ha:>KaJIOCT, ztaaac je TeWKO LJ:OKV"LJHTll H
carrrenarn y nornvaccra najaaxcnajc ocooeaocrn fbHXOBor penarerscxora
pana, C 063l1pOM na TO na cy rr030pllWHH KpllTH1.Japll oaora npexrena rJJaBHy
na:>KfbY noxnaisann rJJYMa1.JKllM xpeaunjana. IIoHeKalI naurvhn, H TO caao
Y3rpeLJ:, H 0 pexcaja, KpllTH1.JapH cy najsemhe YKa3HBaJIll na OMaWKe y crrpo-
aobetsv TeXHH1.JKHX ecpexara, na HcrrpaBHOCT, OLJ:HOCHO HeHcnpaBHOCT npn
naveurrarsv nexopauaja llTLJ:. - CBe LJ:O rora KaKO cy rJIYMUH BJIaLJ:aJIH TeK-
CTOM. AJIll, 11 aa OCHOBy TaKBllX, yrJJaBHOM OCKylIHHX npaaenaoa, MorynHo je
CTenH H3BeCHe npernocramce 11 0 OCHOBHHM TeHLJ:eHUHjaMa pexcaje.
Toura JOBaHOBHn ce xao peLJ:HTeJb Mopao vrnenarn na cnoje npne rJJy-
Ma1.JKe V"LJHTeJbe, na Anaxa MaHLJ:pOBHna H AJIeKcy Ea1.JBaHCKOr. KaKO je OLJ:
1872. LJ:O 1878. r. OHO aHra:>KOBaH y XpBaTcKoM HapOLJ:HOM Ka3aJIlllIITY y 3a-
3 Hcnop.: Xpeaiucxo napoouo asanuunue 1894-1969, eHuMK"OneJIHjcKo M3lIaH>e, 3arpeo
1969, CTp. 251.
4 VII: Eopanoje C. CTOjKOBMh, Hciuopuja cpiicxoi iiosopuunua 00 cpeouei eexa 00 MO-
oepnoi 0000 (opaua 1I oiiepa ), Eeorpaa 1979, CTp. 275 M )KMBOjMH TIeTpoBMh, Peiiepiuoap Ha-
pOOHOI iiosopuunua y Eeoipaoy 1868-1914, Eeorpazt 1993, CTp. 59-125.
148
rpe6y, JOBaHOBl1n je CBaKaKO l1MaO npnnrnce zta ce vrroana ca pemrren.cxnsr
panou Jocnna <!>pojneHpajxa 11 na nponvon capanrsv ca AnaMoM MaHnpOBl1-
heM. Taxobe, Morao je na Bl1nl1 11 cnvura aemnca 6poj paana-mrax OnepCKl1X
npcncrasa. CBe My je TO oMorynl1no na npOWl1pl1 cponn CBOjl1X anan,a, na je
y Eeorpazrv Morao pexcnparn spno Wl1pOK peneproap, KOjlI je 06yxBaT110 Hl1
Malhe Hl1 Bl1We Hero 104 npeanjepna nanoben,a y paanofirsv on 1878. no 1891.
r. 11, raxobe, zrecerax 06HoBa. C 06311pOM na razraunsn Hal.J:l1H pana y n030-
pnnrrv, OnHOCHO na 6poj 113BOneHl1X npennjepa TOKOM ce30HC, KOjl1 nanac
asrnena neseposaran, CaCBl1M je npnponao WTO je Towa JOBaHOBl1h pexcnpao
TOnl1KO npencrasa. Tpe6a oznrax nonarn KaKO My Eopnsoje CTOjKOBl1h, oncr
HeTal.J:HO, npnrracvje cano 53 pescnje na 6eorpancKoj CUeHl1.
5
o Tounr JOBaHOBl1ny 0611l.J:HO ce rOBOpl1 xao 0 BCnl1KaHY r.nvxia-nce vxrer-
HOCTl1, WTO je, napanno, CaCBl1M onpannano. Hseroae r.nvsra-nce xpeaunje -
nOBOJbHO je HaBeCTl1 mrrepnperaunje Illexcrmpoanx (Shakespeare) jvnaxa xao
WTO cy Martier, Illajnox. Oreno, Kpan, JIl1P, Llesap 11 Epvr - 6auline cy y
saceaax OHO WTO je rrOCT113aO xao pezurrers: na cawo HarrOMeHeMO aa je
ynpaBo OH npBl1 rrvr pe)l(l1pao na Gcorpancxoj n030pHl1Ul1 OiILeAa 11 Mauieuia.
An11, vnpxoc TOMe, 0 TOWl1 JOBaHOBl1ny rcao pezurrersv mnne ce ca 113BeCHl1M
peaepaana, na He pe-reuo l.J:aK 11 noruersnaa-ncn. Kao na je l1HTOHaUl1jy TaKBOM
ozraocv rtpexra penarerscxoj nenaTHOCTl1 Towe Jonaaosnha nao Mnnan r po.n:
Jep Tpeoa HMaTH Ha yMy na T ~ TpenH rrepHon ocaMneceTHX rOnHHa ca
Illan-raaanov H MHllOBaHOM L1HWHneM no-mn,e ca CllaOllM penarerscxaa tea-
ztpov H npopebeaoa rllYMat.IKOM eKHnOM. Mebv pemrren.axa HeMa smue HH
Maanposaha HH Eat.IBaHCKOr. all nnojaue aHXOBHX vxeaaxa, Toura JOBaHOBHn
y pexcnjv Morao je yHeTH cano csoje ocehaise sa rr030pHHUY H CBOjy :>KHBy
voopaann.v. Hserono MallO otipasoaaa,e H iserosa fioencxa npapona HCK.'byqHBa-
llH cy conCTBeHO npozrvon.aaaa.e nella, xao H llOBHTJbHBO vr.neztan,e na Tyny
aeurrnnv y TOM nocnv."
Ocsphvha ce na naaenene Fponose penose, Eopasoje CTOjKOBl1h C npa-
BOM xoncrarvje:
Osaj cvn je npeourrap H MO:>Kna npoassorsaa. JOBaHoBHn je sropao xao
pemrrers pamrra noopo lfHM cy My ce nosepasana 030HJbHHjH xoxana H ca
KaH:>KeBHOr H ca cueacxor CTaHOBHWTa, BenHHOM npasre HllH 'rparenaje, Meny
KojHMa H Hlekcnapoaa, y KojHMa je H nrpao. YrrpaBHHK Illanxanaa, anaue BpJIO
aMoHUH03aH, noaepasa My nae csoje npaxre H TpH rparennje HHKOlle Bopaha. OH
je, 3aTHM, rrOCTaBHO mnue CTpaHHX KOMana, KOjH cy smue rrvra urpaun H noopo
npaarsean on rrvfimnce.?
Taxobe, CTojKOBl1n l1CTl1l.J:e na je rpOJI 6110 cvamne Mnan na 611 Tal.J:HO
11 CaMOCTaJlHO OueH110 JOBaHOBl1neBY pexcnjv, 're je, neponarno, CBOj cyn aa-
CHOBao no Ka311Balhl1Ma npvrax, .jep 0 TOMe HeMa nonaraxa y n030pl1WHoj
KPl1Tl1Ul1, na OH xao pemrren, nnje Morao na noxaace nmr na MHoro".H
5 E. CTOjKOBMh, Ha6. 0e/1O, 275.
Ii Mnnan Tporr, 113 uosopuuniui upeopautue Cpouje, Eeorpan 1952, 32.
7 E. CTOjKOBMh, Ha6. oeno, 275.
H E. CTOjKOBMh, Ha6. oeno, 275.
149
Mebvrnsr, JOII1 je II1TO 11 HeKI1 HOBl1jl1 rrpovsasaona HaII1e rro-
30pl1II1He rrpOII1JIOCTI1 HapaBHO Oe3 rrorpcfiae noxvxrenrauaje, CTaBOBe
11 ouerre npexa xojnaa TOII1a JOBaHOBl1n, 6aII1 KaO 11 MJ1JIOII1 UBeTl1h, HI1CY
MOrJII1 HaCJIeJlI1TI1
HI1 Tonia JOBaHOBl1n HI1 MWIOllI UBeTl1n He cjell11ayjy y rJIYMI1 11 pe:>Kl1jl1
I1CTOBpeMeHO ll:Ba csojcrna xojaaa ce Oll:JII1KOBaO EaQBaHCKI1: 11 npnponaa nap 11
CKJIOHOCT aa CTYll:l1jy 11 aHaJI113Y, 11 rennepaaenr 11 oopaaosaa,e. JOBaHOBl1neBO
CKpOMHO srran,e 11 vnazcerse y JII1KOBe I1HTymmjoM, MallITOM, ocehaa.ea 11 crpa-
CTI1Ma I1CKJhyql1BaJII1 cy I1HTeJIeKTyaJIHI1 pall: na pOJII1, a TI1Me 11 MorynHocT pa-
mxnaa.aaaa,a TeKCTa, vnora, nCI1XOJIorl1je JII1KOBa.
9
OBaKBe, KOHTpaJlI1KTOpHe y OCHOBI1, a npn TOM 11 HenoKyMeHTOBaHe one-
He, HajOJIa)Ke pe-reno, BlIII1e cy Hero rrp0l13BOJbHe KOHCTpyKUl1je. Jep, aKO ce
pa3MOTpl1 peneproap KOjH je JOBaHOBHh pexcnpao - OHJIO je TY
rronocra zrena y xojaaa je nrpao y 3arpeoy, HJII1 xoje je xrorao rnenara na
aarpefiasxoj rr030pHI1UI1 - HeyMOJbHBO ce rraaene na je na IherOBO
peJlHTeJbCKO cpopaapan,e aajaehaa OHO npecvnan vrnuaj Anaaa MaHJlpOBH-
ha, a 3HaTHO MaIhe Anexce Ea-raarrcxora.
Ilpe cnera, neocrropao je na je JOBaHOBHn CapaOI1BaO MHoro
BHII1e ca Maanposahca Hero JIHca JOII1 y panoj MJIaJlOCTI1, 1865.
y Eeorpazrv, xana je neJIOBaJIO rrpBo HapOJlHO rr030pHII1Te, non
BOOCTBOM Anaaa MaHJlpOBHna, JOBaHOBl1n ce onyII1eBl10 rJIyMoM H rr030pl1II1-
TeM vornrrre H vnpaso je rana aa ce rrOCBeTH rr030pHII1Hoj cnemr.
360r OOJIeCTH, KaKO HaBOJlH Bopanoje CTojKoBHn, naje xrorao na ce rrpnnpv-
)KH Mannpoaaheaoj rpvnn, xoja je rrOII1JIa na rOCTOBaIhe H3BaH Eeorpana, aJIH
je 3aTO, O,JlMaX rrOII1TO je 03JlpaB110, crvnno y rrvrvjvhe rr030pHII1Te CTeBaHa
Ilpornha. Kana rrocraje aHCaMOJIa Hap0,JlHOr rr030pl1II1Ta y Eeorpazrv,
1869, oner ce cvcpehe ca MaHJlpOBHneM, KOjH ra je, KaKO rrHII1e CTojKoBHn,
"OJlMaX senrro YBOJlHO y rajae rJIYMCKe yMeTHOCTH H y npnpozmv,
Hy arpv''.':'
Taxobe, aa rrpBO JOBaHOBHneBO rOCTOBaIhe y 3arpe6y, 1871, 0110 je, Be-
pOBaTHo, aacnvxcan MaHJlpOBHh, II1TO CJIaBKO EaTyII1Hn.
11
Y 3arpeoy
je, rrOTOM, HMao rrpHJIHKe na pana ca Maanposanea xao penarersea.
YOIIIIITe, He saaeaapvjvha MorynHH vrmraj Ea-mancxora, )KeJIHMO zra vxazce-
MO KaKO je aa JOBaHOBHna rrpecvnnaja OHO cycpeT H pan ca MaHJlpOBHneM.
Panehn xao peznrren, HapOJlHOr nosopanrra y Eeorpanv, TOII1a JOBa-
HOBHn je, MepeHO penenuajon KOJl rryOJII1Ke, HMao BHII1e BeOMa sarrazcenax
ycrrexa. Ilopezt OCTaJIOr, OH je ca vcnexosr rrOCTaBHO H ztsa ranaunsa perrep-
'roapcxa OeCTCeJIepa. Hajrrpe je pe)KHpaO KOMaJl llyUi OKO 3eM/l sa ocauoe-
ceu; oaua Aaoncpa a'Eaepaja (Adolphe d'Ennery) H )l(HJIa Bepaa (Jules Ver-
ne), ca MY3HKOM <1>paHua Cyrrea (Franz Suppe) - 2. II 1879. TOKOM rrer
rOJlHHa, no KOHua 1893, TO JleJIO OHJIO je jenao OJl aajnpacvranjax na perrep-
9 Cmrmua JaHHo, Tpaiou cuencxoi uspasa usueby 1880. U 1914. - 360pHHK Jenan BCK
Hapozaror Il030pHIIITa y Beorpanv, Eeorpan 1968, 361.
10 E. CTOjKOBHo, Ha6. oeno, 237-238.
11 C. EaTYIIIHo, Ha6. oeno, 606.
150
'roapv Haponnor rr030pHllITa: H3BeneHO je vxvrmo 68 rrvra. Kan ce TOMe
6pojy npnnonajv jour H 32 nasobea,a 06HOBJbeHe rrOCTaBKe, y pexcnja MHJIO-
paaa raBpHJIOBHna H Case Tonoposaha, npnxasane 17. IV 1894 (ronnnv nana
rrOCJIe CMpTH JOBaHoBHneBe), OH.Ila ce MO:>Ke rOBopHTH 0 najsmne npnxaaaaa-
HOM CTpaHOM xonazrv na fieorpancxoj rr030pHHUH no Ilpnor CBeTCKor para.
LIpyrH perrepTOapCKI1 ycrrex Tome JOBaHoBHna y CBOjCTBy penarersa 6H-
JIO je asnobea.e Bpauape, ,,"tlap06He orrepere" y TpH -mna LIaBopHHa JeHKa.
Ilpexajepa 'rora nena I13BeneHa je 21. IV 1882. LIo penHTeJbCKe ofiaose, xojv
je ooasno Bvpa Pajxoanh, Bpauapa je y pexcajcxoj rrOCTaBUH Tome JOBaHo-
snha nssenena vxvrmo 25 nvra.
AKo ce JOBaHOBHn xao rJIYMau MO:>Ke capcrarn Meny nporaroancre pe-
aJIHCTH"tlKOra npasua, oana je anconvrno rrpHXBaTJbHBa H npernocrasxa E.
Crojxoaaha na je "H xao penarers Mopao na YTH"tle na rJIYMa"tlKY npy:>KHHy H
na y TOM CMHCJIY nOrrpI1HOCI1 CBOjHM pe:>KHjcKHM I1HCUeHaUI1jaMa. ITa y TOMe
je H 6HO oaaj TOJIHKO 6JIarOTBOpHH vrnuaj T3B. rJIyMa"tlKe pexcaje"."
KapaKTepHCTH"tlHO je na JOBaHoBHn pexcnpa aaxranrarr 6poj MY3H"tlKO-CueH-
CKHX nasobeaa. 113 HH3a xonana ca nenan.ea san-a HCTanH n.erosv pexcnjv
Ileeoja-uce xnetuee Jby6I1HKa Ilerpoanha, xoja je no 1893. npmcasana vxvnao
19 nvra, ca MY3I1KOM LIaBopHHa Jeaxa.
TOllIH JOBaHOBI1ny rrpnnana je -racr na pexcnpa H jcmrv orrepy na 6eo-
rpancxoj cuean, sanpano caxo npsa "tlHH orrepe C/Jaycw Illapna Tvnoa (Char-
les Gounod), KOjH je npaxaaan 31. X 1891, ca CTeBaHoM LIecKallIeBoM y
HaCJIOBHoj YJI03H. Tpe6a I1CTanH: HaKO je y rnrratsv cane jenaa "tlHH - 6I1JIO
je TO rrpBO onepcxo naaoben.e na fieorpancxoj rro30pHHUH! Kaxo je aa csora
60paBKa y 3arpe6y Toura JOBaHoBHn HMao npamrxe zta BHnI1 H seha 6poj
onepcxnx npencrasa, xao llITO CMO Ben H HarJIaCHJIH, HMKaKO ce He rpefia
-qynHTH llITO je yrrpaBo lbeMY nosepeno zta pexcapa npso onepcxo nanoben,e
y 6eorpanCKOM Haponnov rr030pHllITY.
KaKO cy pemrren,n panHJIH ca rJIyMuHMa y Haponnou rr030pHllITY TOKOM
XIX sexa? - 0 TOMe rOTOBO zra H HeMa 3HaTHHjI1X csenovaacraaa. 11 Bopbe
Manernh, KOjH je OCTaBHO nparoneae nonarxe 0 fieorpancrcou Haponnon
rr030pHllITY, MaJIO name 0 nenosaisv peznrren,a, nOK rJIyMUHMa nocsehvje
nOCTa nazcn,e. Hnax, naurvhn 0 npooaaa y rr030pHlIITY, OH vxaavje na BHIIIe
rJIyMa"tlKHX CJIa60CTH y xoje y6paja H lbI1XOB HeaHra:>KOBaH OnHOC rrpeMa 3a-
jenHH"tlKHM rrparrpenatsv KOMana no.n BonCTBOM pemrrersa:
Iloanaro je, KOJIHKy Ba)l(HOCT npanncvjv npofiana npyra nosopnurra, a
OC06HTO y HOBHM KOManHMa. He TpH H qeTHpH - HH oeceiu npo6a qeCTO nnje
nOBOJbHO, na 6H ce MOrJIO npen ny6JIHKy c nYHHM novanaisea H3HnH. Taxo cy
y <I>paHuycKoj no 12 no 15 nvra nperxonno np06aJIH qeCTO H He3HaTHe xosrane,
na cy onna HCTOM npen ny6JIHKy H3JIa3HJIH. Ila H y 6eqKOM ztsopcxou nosopmn-
TV qyBeHH flay6e aaje HHKan nonvcrno na ce KaKaB KOMan npencrasa, nOK anje
H3np:>KaO ocaM npo6a. A urra cy pa.uHJIH nama HeKH rnvann? Hnje nOCTa, IllTO
na npofiana HHCy na3HJIH nOBOJbHO na CBaKH noxper, na CBaKH H3pa3 rJIyMqeB,
aa cBaKy npHMen6y H nonpasxv pemrrerseav, Hero cy H C80jUM vnorana MHoro
MaH:>e nazca,e nOKJIaH:>,Um, Hero IllTO 6H rpefiano. lI,OK npvrn rJIYMllH y TaKBHM
12 E. CTOjKOBlfh, HQe. 0010, 275.
151
rrpHJIHKaMa H CaMU 'rpaace on: peznrrersa HJIH HHTeHn:aHTa nexa 06aBeUITeaa y
CBOjHM vnorana - HaUIH MHOrlI jenna xexajv, na alIXOB pen: npobe, rra 6e306-
sapaue xsarajv spara xao TypUH rrOCJIe vxorra, ocraan.ajvha peznrrersa na rro-
30pHHUH xao OHH xouv aa rpofin.v. Ho IIITO je jour rope, 'feCTO aa TaKBe rrpo6e
HeKH HHCy HH n:OJIa3HJIII, uarosapajvhn ce, zra HX je 60JIeCT crrpe-mna. 11a JIH je
TV Moryne n:OTepaTII no xaxnor caspurencrna?"
113 naaenennx penona BlllIll ce na peznrren.ana y fieorpancxou Hapozr-
HOM nosopanrrv nnje 6llJlO JIaKO, jep cy ce MOpaJIll 60PllTll sa OCHOBHe yCJIOBe
pennrerscxor pana ca rnyMUllMa. H cava rJIyMUll - rrpe TOlIIe Joaanoanha
y Beorparrv cy pe)KllpaJIll Aaaa Mannposnh, Anexca Ea-maacxa, JIa3a IIo-
nosnh, MllJIOlII Ilnerah, .6ypa Pajxonnh - OHll cy jemmo y3 novoh vnpaa-
mnca MOrJIll na ofieaoenc mrreaaasaaja pan na rrpllrrpeMaIhllMa rrpencrasa.
HMa nonaraxa zta je JOBaH Bopbesah v-recraosao na npofiaua II TyMaqn:o
rJIyMUllMa TeKCTOBe xoje cy rrpnnpenamr. Taxo cy MOpaJIll nocrvnarn II
npyrll vnpasnmra II npauarvpaa, csaxa 3aBllCHO on: BJIaCTllTOr 06pa30BaIha II
sanaxaaa aa rrojezmaa nena y npanpesm.
TOlIIa JOBaHOBlln ce xao pelIllTeJb, BepOBaTHO, vcnennro CHaJIa3ll0, rra cy
My 3aTO nosepaaana II nocraan.arse .MY3llqJ<0-cueHCKI1X nena, xao II sna-rajaa
zrena CBeTCKe npaaarvprnje.
AKo ce, MaKap 11 JIeTI1Ml1qHO, nperrrena nonac HaCJIOBa nena UITO ax je
TomaJoaanonah rrOCTaBI10 na oeorpancxv cuenv, najnpe ce Mopa KOHCTaTO-
BaTI1 IhWXOB nrapox CTllJICKll nnjanaaon. On: zterra n:OManI1X nacaua pe)l(llpaO
je npaxe Marnje Eana (Ioeau Xyc) , Mnnopana Illarrsanana (MUAOW y JIa-
UlUHUMa II EOZyMUAU) , HI1KOJIe Bopnha (Be3Up Aiioioeun, Buoocaea, CAUKap
UAU 8epeHUK U opaiu), Zlparoaapa Epsaxa (Muxa upaKUlUKaHUl), Manana
JOBaHOBllna (CaH U ja8a), KOCTe Kocrnha (Huje 3AaUlO WUlO ce cuja) , lIpa-
rvrana J. HJIl1na (3a eepy U cnooooy), JOBaHa Crepnje Ilononnha ()f(eHuo6a
U yoao6a) II np. CaCBI1M pa3yMJbllBO, JOBaHOBl1n je pexcapao 3HaTHO nmue
crpanax npavcxax nena, II TO rroxea on: Illexcnapa na no Jlatimua (Labiche),
on Terea (Goethe) II Bnxropa Hroa (Victor Hugo) no Oxorjea (Ogier) II
Anpnja Mejaxa (Henry Meilhac) ... He rpefia ce xvmrra lIITO je peacnpao
same zrena crpaaor peneproapa: na cuerra Haponnor noaopnurra n:oManll
npaxcxa peneproap nnje nosramrpao, Te je y paanofirsv no Flpsor CBeTCKor
paTa rrpllKa3aHo yKyrrHO 278 n:eJIa HalIIllX rrllcaua rrpeMa 337 neJIa cTpaHe
ztpaaarvprnj e.
Kaxo ce BlllIll, JOBaHOBlln je pexcapao KaKO CTllJICKll paann-nrra nena,
TaKO II rOTOBO CBe npaacxe )l(aHpOBe, ozt rparennje no xovennje, on CaJIOHCKe
xonsepsanaoae npaae no sozmnn.a II xoxana ca rresarsea. Hseron 60paBaK y
3arpe6y y CBOjCTBy -maaa Xpsarcxor naponaora Ka3aJIlllIITa na qlljOj je rro-
30PHllUll rJIyMllo II MaJIO pe)l(llpaO 6110 je CBaKaKO npecvnan aa KYJITllBI1CaIhe
II onneaen.aaarse n.erosor vxvca n, aapaaao, aa nrapen.e nosopamaax 3Ha-
n,a. Zla JIll OMalIIKOM II xornaaue, TeK y Euuuxnoueouju XHK ll30CTaJIa je
onpenaana 0 TOlIIll Jonaaosahv, vnpxoc TOMe lIITO je OH y TOM rearpv 6110
13 fiopbe Maneruh, Fpaba sa uciiiopujy Cpiicxoi uapoouoi iiosopuunua y Eeoipaoy, Eeo-
rpan 1884, crp. 1012-1014.
14 Yn.: E. CTojKoBHn, uae. oeno, 187.
152
Y CTaJIHOM aHra)J(MaHY on 1872. .uo 1878. H cvnenosao y neneposaruo BeJIH-
KOM opojy npesurjepa H penpma." Cnrvpno zta je HCKyCTBO cre-te-
HO y 3arpeoy OHJIO nparoueno sa iseroe paasoj, 0YlIYnH na je
onxax rrpevseo npae vnore JbyoaBHor H xepojcxor epaxa. Pe)J(HpaJIH cy MY
HCKyCHH JOCHrr <I>poj.ueHpajx H, napasno, Anaa Maunponnh, KOjH je OHO H
mrpexrop npaxe. ITo nosparrcv y Eeorpan OH ne pexcnpara nmne .nerra y
KojHMa je rnyMHo na sarpeoa-ncoj cnenn. Hapasno, pe-r je 0 cTpaHHM KOMa-
.uHMa, nperexcao H3 CaJIOHCKOr perreproapa.
Kaxo je Toura JOBaHOBHn pexcapao? - llaHac je HeMorynHo pexoncrpv-
HcaTH KaKO cy narnenane npencrase Hapozmor rroaopnnrra y Eeorpazrv xoje
je OH pexcnpao. Henocrajv epoTorpaepHje, nerrornvn je cponn ca-rvsanax nna-
xara, a ranaunsa rtoaopnnma HHCy y CBOjHM HarrHCHMa noxnan.a-
JIH HHKaKBy naxosv pezcaja. 3aTo MO)J(eMO, na OCHOBy fhHXOBHX BeOMa uncp-
THX sanaca y vofia-rajenoa CTHJIy "Pe)J(Hja je OHJIa noopa... " HJIH .Flpencraaa
je nporexna y najfiorsea penv... " HT.u., cauo nocpenao. HeMa
MHoro HH vsrpeaaax sanaca, HHTH npvrnx caenoxaacrana (najase, HHTepBjyH,
MeMoapcKa rpaba, rmcaa H CJI.) na OCHOBy KOjHX OHCMO, eBeHTyaJIHO, MOrJIH
.uOHeTH KaKBe-TaKBe 0 TOllIH JOBaHoBHny xao peznrrersv. AJIH, HMa
jour jenaa na HeKaKO na JIH je JOBaHoBHn OHO vcneuran H
xao pernrrers: TO je opoj maobea,a npencrasa xoje je OH pexorpao. Ben CMO
YKa3aJIH na nexe rseroae pcnarcrscxc rrOCTaBKe npencrasa xoje cy y OHO
apeue OHJIH rrpasa OeCTCeJIepH. Ben H re rosope na je OH yMeo zta
vcnocrasa KOMyHHKaUHjy ca rryOJIHKOM H zta OBJIa.ua fheHOM rra)J(fhOM. Hehe-
MO OBOM rrpHJIHKOM HaBOllHTH nozrarxe 0 opojy npmcasaaaa,a
npencrasa xoje je JOBaHoBHn pesorpao, jep je aa ycrrex na cuemr on rrpsen-
CTBeHor casro .ueJIO, aJIH rpeoa pehn zra je OH noxasao nasaapenav
cnpernocr npn rrocrasrsaa.v zrena eppaHuycKe KOHBep3auHOHe .upaMe H KOMe-
zmje. Taxobe, He CMe ce H3ryoHTH H3 BH.ua zta je OH naj-remhe H HaCTYIIao y
npencranaaa xoje je pezcapao. Hexra cyMfhe na je CBOjOM enep-
rajo, xoja je xao sarpa, sropao YTHUaTH H na OCTane nsnoba-te,
.ueJIyjynH HHcrrHpaTHBHOH noncrpexa-nca. To je rrocefino .uOJIa3HJIO no nspaaa
xana je JOBaHoBHn pe:>KHpaO Illexcrmpa. Ilpeanjepa Ocaena y n.eronoj pe)J(H-
ja (23. VI 1881), xana je aacrvnao y HaCJIOBHoj yJI03H, 0lIYllIeBHJIa je rneaa-
one, KOjH cy, npexa caenoxaacrav jenner xpartrsapa, HaKO je OHJIa BeJIHKa
sanapa H spvhaaa, ca saapennoe rra)J(fhOM rrpaTHJIH TO rrpcxrnjepno nasobe-
n,e. .Ko nnje rnenao CBOjHM r. JOBaHoBHna y oecHoj cvpean.anocrn H
oxajaoa xajaisv, r. Jlvrvuepcxor y BH)J(JbaBOCTH Jaronax rraKJIeHHX HHTpHra,
roy Tprvpoav y HeBHHoj Oe3a3JIeHOCTH ztoripe lle3.ueMoHe, ruv Epanxv y
rrHKaHTHOM nparonarsv EjaHKHHoM HT.u., raj he TellIKO MonH neponarn .uo xor
cy crvrnsa sepnocra npmcasana CBH KapaKTepH y Oiueny" - KpHTH-
xap XajHM C. Flo-ren on rnyMe caxora JOBaHOBHna, y OCHOBH pea-
3aCHOBaHe aa rrOMHOM npnxaav rrCHXOJIOrHje JIHKa, KaKO ce BHllH,
H CBH cy OCTaJIH BepHO rrpHKa3HBaJIH xapaxrepe xoje cy rrpencraan.ana. 3aTO
15 C. Earvnmh, uae. oeno; 605-621.
16 XajHM C. llaBH'iO, Oiueno, iupaieouja y aeill uuoea, 00 Illexcuupa. - OTau6HHa, III,
Klh. VII, CB. 28, jvn 1881, CTp. 636.
153
ce MOpa zra je TOlIIa JOBaHOBHn pexcnpao OHaKO KaKO je H rJIyMHO
- peaJIHCTHqKH H saapenno nenocpezmo y H3pa3Y. 0 l-heroBoj rJIyMH, y
nOCMpTHOM onpourrajv, MHJIOpalI IIIan"LJaHHH H3rOBOpHO je HOBO:
Y a.era je npao panuna oyiaa, na onna pasyu: HMao je anpas nor.nen na
3aXTeB npHpO,llHOCTH: CBOjOM :lKHBOM H saana OKpeTHOM H nOKpeTHOM ,llyrnOM
CXBaTHO je H npaponao npaxasasao H OHO, lIlTO My HHalfe H naje 6HJIO ,llOBOJbHO
jacno H npospa-mo. YBeK je na3HO na OCTaHe sepaa UeJIHHH npencrase H na ce
He orpenm 0 BHlllH TOH H CTHJI. Haje MapHOna ce nenana BenHHH; aJIHje 0 CY,lly
06pa30BaHe MalhHHe BO,llHO pa-rva.!?
3aKThY"LJYjynH na OCHOBy naneztenor IIIanqaHHHOBor xanrnan.a, xrorvhn
je pehn zra je JOBaHOBHn xao pemrren, noxnan.ao na)Kl-hY CTHJICKOj jezrancrae-
HOCTH npencrase y CarJIaCHOCTH ca neJIOM, nonehn pa"LJYHa na csevrcvnaa nrpa
ovne npHponHa H sepaa y nCHXOJIOlIIKoj npeaenraunja JIHKOBa, lIITO je, y
CYlIITHHH, rJIaBHa ocooerrocr peaJIHCTH"LJKOr rearpa. 11 no caMOM peneproapv
KOjH je JOBaHOBHn pexcnpao, oe3 003Hpa aa CBy n.eronv pa3HOJIHKOCT, H
CTHJICKy, H )KaHpoBcKy, MO)Ke ce BHneTH KaKO cy My nOneJbHBaJIH zra na cueav
nOCTaBJba najxeurhe KOHBep3auHOHe ztpaae, lIIaThHBe nrpe, KOMenHje H BOlIBH-
The, lIITO vxasvje na je y TaKBOM peneproapv nOKa3HBao nOHajBHlIIe CHaJIa-
)KThHBOCTH H MalIITOBHTOCTH. Hseron cueHCKH resmepaaem HajBHlIIe je )10JIa-
3HO no nspasa y neJIHMa xoja cy ojaorvhaaana )KHBOTRy CnOHTaHOCT rJIyMa"LJ-
xor nspaaa, no qeMy cy, HHaqe, HalIIH rJIyMUH OHJIH n03HaTH H BeOMa uerse-
HH. Ilpennonnax TaKBe rrrvxte y rrpnoj renepaunja Haponnor n030pHlIITa OHO
je TOlIIa JOBaHOBHn, KOjH je 300r BeJIHKHX rJIyMa"LJKHX ycnexa nertpanenno
3aOOpaBTheH xao pemrrers. .Behanv KOMalIa y n.ercaoj pexcnja n030pHlIIHH
peuensearn cy OueHHJIH najnoaorsnaje. Hajaan, 3HaMO Ben na je-Joaanoanh
xao BeJIHKH rrrvaan peaJIHCTH"LJKOr npasna CTBOpHO "LJHTaBy lIIKOJIy CBOjHM
HeOlIOThHBHM vrmrajesr H xarc MonepHH30Bao rJIyMaqKH H3pa3 na oeorancKoj
cuerrn. CBHM THM peTKHM YMeTHH"LJKHM KBaJIHTeTHMa OH je H xao pemrrers
Mopao na YTHqe Ha rJIyMaqKy npy)KHRy H na y TOM CMHCJIy nonpHHOCH
CBOjHM pe)KHjcKHM nacneaaunjaaa, Ila y TOMe je H OHO onaj TOJIHKO finaro-
TBOpHH vrnuaj T3B. rJIyMaqKe peacnje" - HCTHqe Bopnaoje C. CTojKoBHn.
l
1'
Hajsan, a MO)Kna je THMe H TpeOaJIO nO"LJeTH, nanac He CMeMO non rep-
MHHOM pencuja CMaTpaTH OHO lIITO je npHCYTHO y canpeneaoj rearapcxoj
npaxcn. Ben CMO HCTaKJIH aa je pexcaja OHJIa y XIX B. npseacrseao yMeT-
HHqKO pvxoaoben.e npHJIHKOM npanpeaaa,a npencrasa. .Pemrren,a y naaaur-
l-heM CMHCJIy pe-nt jOlII vsex snje OHJIO. Ha TOMe nocnv raBpHJIOBHn je BHlIIe
anao on TOlIIe JOBaHoBHna, aJIH Mal-he yMeo H xreo 011 UBeTHna; OCTaJIH -
crapn I3ypa Pajicoanh, llHRyJIOBHn H nounnje Cana Tonoponnh H l1JIHja CTa-
aojesah - OrpaHHqaBaJIH cy ce aa TexHHKy sesaaan,a cnena, pacnopena
YJIa3aKa H H3JIa3aKa, H, KOJIHKO cy xan OHJIH y npaaosr pacnonozcersv, na
casere MJIalIHM nO"LJeTHHUHMa"14 - name MHJIaH rpOJI. Ee3 ofisapa na qHl-he-
mnrv lIITO je OBO CBelIOqaHCTBO H3BeneHO na OCHOBy cyojeKTHBHHX cehan,a,
17 l1030pU/d.11]le, 31. V 1893.
IS E. CTojKoBHn, uae. (k10, 275.
14 M. rpOJI, uae. oeno, 40.
154
OHO HaC yrryhyjc na cau YMCTHHqKH aMoHjcHT rnvva-ucor H, vorrurre, rr030-
pl1lIIHOr crsapaa,a TOKOM npvre rrOJIOBHHC XIX BCKa H qaK CBC 110 H3MaKa
rrpne rteuennje osor BCKa. A raj ce aMoHjCHT 3HaTHO pa3JIHKOBaO 011 onora
KOjH he 3aBJIalIaTH na ocorpalIcKoj CUCHH nenocpenao npezt H30HjaIhc Ilpnor
CBeTCKor paTa H, HapOqHTO, y pa31I00JbY H3Mcny lIBa para. 1I0BOJbHO je HaBC-
CTH na cy xao cnenorpacpnja KOpHIllhcHH THrrH30BaHH nexopn; TCK ce na
rr030pHillHOM nnaxarv sa KOMalI Saoyxctiuna, 1891, HaBOlIe rronaun 0 avropv
CKHUa aa nexop, xao H 0 H3BOOaqy, KaKO je TO YTBplIHJIa OJIra MHJIaHKOBHh.
20
Haxo je, MO)l(lIa, H rrpe OHJIO nspane rrocefianx ziercopartaja, rpeoa pehrr zra y
npeve Kalla je ]OBaHOBHh pexotpao, Kalla cy ce HH3aJIe rrpexrajepe y BCJIHKOM
opojv (fiap lIBC MeCeqHO!), HH TCXHHqKH HHjC OHJIO H3BOlIJbHBO, OC3 003Hpa
na MaTcpHjaJIHC rrpHJIHKC D030pHIllTa, npanpexrarn rroceone ztexopc, TaKO na
ce MO)l(C 3aKJbYqJ1TH KaKO je OH rrOCTaBJbaO KOMa;:J:C, OCOOHTO OHe CaJIOHCKe,
yrJIaBHOM rro HCTOj MH3aHcucHcKoj CXCMH, lIHKTHpaHoj npocropoxr y OKBHpy
THrrH30BaHC cneaorpacpnje. Taxo jc, rro CBCMy, PClIHTCJbCKH rrocao HCMHHOBHO
H Mopao zra ce CBOlIH na pacnopen H3JIa3aKa H YJIa3aKa na cuenv H, HapaBHO,
y3 HCH30C)I(HO "epopIllrrHJIOBaIhe" nojeannaa TyMaqHMa BCJIHKHX vnora, 011-
HOCHO, y3 nenocpezmo lICMOHCTpHpaIhC KaKO na H3BClIY nojennae MOHOJIOre
HJIH CUCHC. Cne TO, KaKO CC MO)l(e rrpCTrrOCTaBHTH, OHJIO jc H nenoxoznro H
lIparOUCHO aa lICepHHHTHBHO OOJIHKOBaIhC rrpClICTaBC, TC HaM nOTUCIhHBaIhC
"rJIyMaqKC PC)I(HjC" H3rJIClIa HCyMCCHHM.
11 caM rpOJI HCTHqC KaKO jc .pana CMpT Tonre ]OBaHOBHha, y iseroaoj
47. rOlIHHH, oztjexnvrra xao 3BOHO na y30yHy. OHa jc 1I0IllJIa xao onOMCHa na
ce passoj n030pHIllHHX npHJIHKa HC MO)l(C OCTaBHTH cnv-rajv, vnpxoc nanper-
Ky KOjH ce nOKa3HBao y TOM BpCMCHy 011 1880. 110 CMpTH ]OBaHOBHhc y
cpefipvapv 1893. A aanperxa jc H3BCCHor OH.-'IO."2! A vnpaso y TOM pa31I00JbY
]OBaHOBHh jc pexcapao BHIllC 011 90 npexmjepa, na je H xao pClIHTCJb cnrvpno
3HaTHO 1I0npHHco yMCTHH"lJKOM ycrroHy Haponnor rrosopnurra y npouecv IhC-
rOBC eaponenaauaje, KOjH he ce 3aBpIllHTH y rrcpHolIY H3Mcny zrsa para.
Raska V. Jovanovic
TOSA JOVANOVIC AS A DIRECTOR AT THE NATIONAL THEATRE
IN BELGRADE
Summary
It is not easy today to conceive what the productions directed by Tosa Jovanovic
at the National Theatre in Belgrade were like if one relies solely upon the existing
texts of contemporary critics. Nevertheless, the great actor's success in directing can
be judged as considerable, a conclusion founded primarily on the number of perform-
ances his productions had. That he directed in the same vein in which he played his
parts - realistically, aiming at a detailed presentation of the characters and a rounded-
20 GJIra MWJIaHOBWh, Eeoipaocxa cuenoipadiuja u ociuu.uoipadiuja 1868-1941. - Eeo-
rpan 1983, erp. 29.
21 M. rpOJI, uae. oeno, 38.
155
-off rendering of their relationships can hardly be doubted. Most of the pieces, of varied
genres, that Jovanovic directed, both Shakespeare's and those of other authors, were
acclaimed by theatre critics, but it was on his Shakespearian productions that particular
praise was showered upon. Jovanovic directed several first productions of plays by
Serbian authors, such as Matija Ban (Jan Hus), Milorad Sapcanin (Milos In the Latin
Lands, The Bogumilsi, Nikola Doric (Vezier Abogovic, Yidosava, The Painter or The
Betrothed And The Lover), Dragutin 1. Ilic (For Faith And Freedom), and so forth. It
should not be overlooked that Jovanovic directed the two productions with longest runs:
Around The World In Eighty Days by Adolphe d'Ennery and Jules Verne, and the
operetta The Fortune-Teller by Davorin Jenko, a fact which is a further proof of the
skill and success of the great artist.
156