Impact Experiment

Prepared for: Eng. Bilal El-Emour Prepared by: Ahmed Al-Maghlouth Due Date : April 2, 2012 ID#: 210014879

King Faisal University - College of Engineering

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Table of Contents
Objective ....................................................................... 3 Apparatus .................................................................. 4

Theory ........................................................................... 5 Procedure ...................................................................... 6 Analysis and Results .................................................... 7-9 Conclusion .................................................................... 10 References ..................................................................... 11

Impact Experiment Report

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Executive Summary
Objective
To determine the behavior of metals under impact stresses. To measure the energy absorbing capacity of the material subjected to sudden loading. To evaluate the toughness and notch sensitivity of engineering metals.

Impact Experiment Report

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Apparatus
A Pendulum Impact Tester That Consists of The Following:
A dial. Reading Pointer. Charpy release levers. Brake Levers. Stand. Base. Pendulum Hammer. Pendulum Shaft. Anvil block with supports for both Chapy and Izod specimen.

Impact Experiment Report

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Theory
Impact Testing involves the sudden and dynamic application of the load. Parts such as shafts, bolts, anvils and dies are examples of items subjected to impact loading. Impact test is dened as the resistance of a material to rapidly sudden applied loads. Toughness is a property, which is capacity of a material to resist fracture, (crack propagation), when subjected to impact. The machine measures the amount of energy absorbed by the specimen for the rapture in joules unit. The amount of energy absorbed can give an indication of the toughness of a material. It can classify the different types of materials into either brittle or ductile materials.

Impact Experiment Report

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Two basic types of impact testing:

Charpy impact test

The specimen is supported as a simple beam with the load applied at the center. The position of latching tube is set to 140 The specimen is supported horizontally from two sides
The Izod test

The specimen is supported as a cantilever beam. The position of latching tube is set to 90 The specimen is supported Vertically from one side

Impact Experiment Report

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Procedure
Fit Izod striker into appropriate position. The Anvil for the Izod test should be securely fastened on the base. Check the release mechanism. Set the the pointer at 150j on the dial scale and contact with carrier . Raise the pendulum into its release position and ensure its securely latched. Release the pendulum by pressing down the lever, and measure energy loss due to friction. Wait until the pendulum has completed its initial swing. Place the specimen in the support. Repeat the same steps.

Impact Experiment Report

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Analysis and Results

The Following table contains the results of Izod test for different treated steel rods :
Energy loss due to friction = 2J Material Zc 1010 Zc 1040 Zc 1070 Notch
V V V

Energy Absorbed
104 19 78

We can notice that ductile materials has a high absorbing energy, on the other hand the low absorbing energy refer to the brittle materials. A higher toughness material will absorb more energy. Specimen with lowest absorbed energy means its brittle and has least toughness. Specimen with Highest absorbed energy means its ductile and has highest toughness.

Impact Experiment Report

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Why we use the notch in the specimen ? to study fatigue crack initiation in specimen, and to see the The stress concentration created by a flaw.

For The same conditions where would be the absorbed energy grater at Vnotch or U-notch ? and Why ? Of course it would be the U-notch, because as we know from the normal stress equation that the stress is grater when the cross sectional area is smaller, and here in the V-notch we have a smaller cross sectional area. What are the uses and applications of impact energy ? Simply we can say that its applications are the natural disasters in general, such as :

Hurricanes Tides
What are the factors that effects the impact energy ? Velocity of the hammer. Specimen Material. Temperature.

Impact Experiment Report

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Conclusion & Discussion

Regarding to what we have done in the experiment, we can clearly see that :

A higher toughness material will absorb more energy upon impact and will therefore result in a low height to which the pendulum arm will swing to following impact.

The more energy absorbed by the specimen, the more toughness the material will be

Impact Experiment Report

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References
Strength Of Materials Lab. Manual, By Omar Alosta. Mechanics of Materials, R.C.Hibbeler .

Impact Experiment Report