BÁO CÁO THỰC TẬP - 21.9.2012

VIN XY DNG CNG TRNH BIN CNG TY TNHH DV CK HNG HI
BO CO THC TP CN B K THUT

CBHD: KS. V VN HOAN TRANG
SVTT: NG QUC VNG 10413.53 LP 53CB3 1 (126)

NHN XT BO CO THC TP CN B K THUT
CA CN B HNG DN

Vng Tu, ngy thng nm 2012
Cn b hng dn

KS. V Vn Hoan




LI NI U
Em l sinh vin : Ng Quc Vng. MSSV 10413.53 - lp 53CB3 - Vin xy
dng cng trnh bin v du kh- trng i hc Xy dng H Ni thc tp tt nghip
ti Cng ty C Phn Dch v C kh Hng hi PTSC M&C t ngy 20/08/2012 n
ngy 22/09/2012.
Li u tin em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong vin Cng Trnh Bin,
c bit l ThS. Mai Hng Qun. Thy l ngi n lc gii thiu ni thc tp theo
nguyn vng ca em, ng chuyn ngnh, mi trng lm vic chuyn nghip, thn
thin v c tip xc nhiu vi cng trnh thc t.
Em xin chn thnh cm n anh Bi Hong ip, Ph gim c Cng ty PTSC
M&C, Nh s quan tm, khuyn khch v nghim khc ca anh em tp trung vo
nhim v ca mnh ngay t ngy u thc tp.
ng thi, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti cc Anh Ch lm vic trong
phng thit k, c bit l anh V Vn Hoan. Cc Anh Ch l nhng ngi trc tip ch
dn em trn cng trng, a ra nhng li gii p cho nhng thc mc v nhng gip
hu ch cho em trong qu trnh vit bo co thc tp.
V cui cng em xin cm n tp th cc anh ch cng nhn, k s ca Cng ty C
Phn Dch v c kh hng hi.
Thc tp ti Cng ty PTSC M&C thc s hu ch i vi em. Thi gian thc tp
tuy ngn (5 tun), tuy vy, nh vo nhng kin thc c trang b trong trng i
hc, s gip ca cc Thy C gio, cc Anh Ch cng nhn vin ca PTSC M&C v
thc t cng trng thi cng, em nm bt c hiu qu ni dung thc tp tt
nghip v hon thnh ng thi gian quy nh.
Em tin rng nhng g tch ly c trong t thc tp ny s gip em hon
thnh tt n tt nghip v nhim v ca mt ngi k s xy dng Cng trnh Bin
sau khi ra trng.
Vng Tu, ngy 21 thng 9 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc tp

Ng Quc Vng




MC LC
LI NI U ......................................................................................................................... 2
PHN 1 : TM HIU V C QUAN THC TP ........................................................... 7
1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca Cng ty ..................................................................... 7
2. Ngnh ngh kinh doanh ...................................................................................................... 7
3. Ngun nhn lc ................................................................................................................... 7
4. S b my iu hnh cng ty ......................................................................................... 8
5. Phng thit k. .................................................................................................................. 10
6. Phng k thut sn xut. .................................................................................................... 10
7. Phng hnh chnh tng hp. ............................................................................................. 11
8. Phng t chc nhn s. ..................................................................................................... 11
9. Phng xy dng cng trnh. .............................................................................................. 11
10. Phng an ton, cht lng. ............................................................................................ 11
11. Xng Kt cu thp 1 & 2: ............................................................................................. 12
12.Xng Dch v Tng hp: ............................................................................................... 12
13.Xng in t ng: ....................................................................................................... 12
14.Xng C kh lp my: ................................................................................................... 12
15.Xng Thit b Tng hp: ............................................................................................... 12
16.T Bo v: .................................................................................................................. 12
PHN 2 : NI DUNG THC TP ..................................................................................... 13
CHNG 1 IU KIN THI CNG TRN BI LP RP PTSC M&C ........... 13
CHNG 2: TM HIU CC THIT B THI CNG TRN BI LP RP ........... 15
1. Que hn ..................................................................................................................... 15
2. T sy que hn .......................................................................................................... 15
3. My ct ra ............................................................................................................... 16
4. M ct tay ................................................................................................................. 18
5. My ct CNC ............................................................................................................ 18
6. My ct profile SPC 1500 ......................................................................................... 21
7. My ct ln Tin t (my ct 350) ......................................................................... 22
8. My ct + mi cm tay .............................................................................................. 22
9. My mi hai BSCH SM200. .......................................................................... 24
10. My mi di .............................................................................................................. 24
11. My nn kh .............................................................................................................. 25




12. My Tacket (compressed air cylinder) ..................................................................... 26
13. Kch ........................................................................................................................... 27
14. My khoan ................................................................................................................ 28
15. My khoan bn TIN T ...................................................................................... 29
My khoan bn Morgon .................................................................................................... 30
16. My TARUREN P50AV .......................................................................................... 31
17. My ct tn ngui ERMAK CNC HVR 6100X25 ................................................... 31
18. My dp cnh tn ERMAK CNC HAP 3760X600 .................................................. 32
19. My hn PRESCISION TIG 375 ............................................................................. 33
20. My thy bnh, my kinh v ...................................................................................... 33
21. Cu DEMA CC6800 .............................................................................................. 34
22. Cu KBELC SL 6000 ......................................................................................... 36
23. Cu KBELC CKE 1800 ...................................................................................... 37
24. Cu HITACHI SMITM SCX 1500-2 ............................................................... 37
25. Cu NISSHA EPOCA DH900 .................................................................................. 39
26. Cu KBELC 7120 ............................................................................................... 40
27. Cu bnh lp Kobelco RK-450 ................................................................................. 40
28. Cu bnh lp Terex T-775 ........................................................................................ 41
29. Cu bnh lp TADAN AR-1200M ........................................................................ 41
30. Cu bnh lp KBELC RK 450-2 PANTHER 500 .............................................. 43
31. Cu bnh lp K2498 ................................................................................................. 43
32. Xe nng ..................................................................................................................... 44
33. My ng ............................................................................................................... 45
34. Bnh Oxy ................................................................................................................... 46
35. Bnh Gas ................................................................................................................... 46
CHNG 3: TM HIU THC T CC CNG VIC THI CNG TRN
CNG TRNG ................................................................................................................. 47
I. QUY TRNH HN .......................................................................................................... 47
1.Cc phng php hn. ................................................................................................... 47
2. Vt liu hn ................................................................................................................... 50
3. Cc kiu mi hn v t th hn ..................................................................................... 50
4. Qu trnh gia nhit v nhit gia cc lp hn .......................................................... 56
II. GIA CNG CT GT KIM LOI ............................................................................. 66
1. Mc ch ....................................................................................................................... 66




2. Cc phng php ct .................................................................................................... 66
3. Trnh t ct .................................................................................................................... 66
II. QUY TRNH LM SCH V SN KT CU. ........................................................ 67
1. Mc ch ca cng tc sn. ........................................................................................... 67
2. Cc thit b phc v cng tc sn. ................................................................................ 67
3. Vt liu sn. .................................................................................................................. 68
4. Quy trnh lm sch b mt kt cu ................................................................................ 68
a) Thit b ...................................................................................................................... 68
b) Lm sch bng phng php bn x ng hay granet............................................... 68
c) Lm sch bng dung mi .......................................................................................... 69
5. Trnh t sn. .................................................................................................................. 69
CHNG : TM HIU QUY TRNH THI CNG CH TO TOPSID V ACKT
PQP BIN NG 1 .............................................................................................................. 70
1.GII THIU V D N BIN NG 1 ..................................................................... 70
2.CU TO CNG TRNH .............................................................................................. 73
2.1. C T TPSIDE ................................................................................................ 73
2.2. C T ACKET. ................................................................................................ 75
3.QUY TRNH CH TO ACKT V TOPSID PQP HT. ....................................... 76
4.TM HIU QUY TRNH CU LP TRONG QU TRNH CH TO ACKT V
TOPSIDE PQP HT ............................................................................................................. 86
4.1 Bi ton cu ................................................................................................................ 86
4.2 Cc bi ton kim tra: ................................................................................................. 89
4.3 v d tnh ton bi ton cu ......................................................................................... 90
5.QUY TRNH CN GIN ............................................................................................. 104
1. Mc ch. ................................................................................................................ 104
2. Trang thit b s dng ............................................................................................. 104
3. Chun b v a im cn ........................................................................................ 105
4. Trnh t cn. ............................................................................................................ 105
5. Cc bi ton trong quy trnh cn gin ..................................................................... 105
6.TM HIU V QUY TRNH H THY. ................................................................... 109
6.1. LA CHN PHNG N H THY............................................................... 109
6.2. TM HIU QUY TRNH H THY ACKT BNG KO TRT ........... 114
1. ii thiu ................................................................................................................ 114
2. Cng tc chun b ................................................................................................... 114




3. Thit k ng trt ............................................................................................... 116
4. Thit k h thng ko trt ..................................................................................... 117
5. Quy trnh h thy .................................................................................................... 119
6. Cng tc qun l an ton trong h thy .................................................................. 119
6.3. TM HIU QUY TRNH H THY TOPSID BNG PHNG PHP KO
TRT .......................................................................................................................... 120
1. ii thiu dm h thy ........................................................................................... 120
2. H thng ko trt .................................................................................................. 120
3. Quy trnh h thy .................................................................................................... 121
CHNG 5 GII THIU MT S TIU CHUN P DNG .................................. 123
1. API(American Petrolium Institute) ................................................................................. 123
2. DNV(Det Norske Veritas) .............................................................................................. 123
3. AWS (American Welding Society) ................................................................................ 124
4. AISC(America Institute of Steel Construction) .............................................................. 125




PHN 1 : TM HIU V C QUAN THC TP

1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca Cng ty
Cng ty C Phn Dch v C kh Hng hi l mt n v ca Tng Cng ty Dch
v K thut Du kh, c thnh lp vo nm 2001 vi tn giao dch l X nghip
Dch v C kh Hng hi, v vo nm 2007, X nghip c chuyn i thnh Cng
ty TNHH Dch v C kh Hng hi.
2. Ngnh ngh kinh doanh
Cc dch v chnh ca Cng ty TNHH Dch v C kh Hng hi bao gm:
- Bo dng, sa cha, ng mi, hon ci cc phng tin ni.
- Qun l, t chc thc hin cc hot ng trong lnh vc c kh hng hi.
- ia cng, lp rp, ch to cc cu kin, thit b du kh.
H thng qun l ca Cng ty c p dng theo h thng qun l cht lng IS
9001:2000 v h thng qun l cht lng. Hot ng ca Cng ty trn c s cc quy
nh ca Tng cng ty dch v k thut du kh PTSC.
3. Ngun nhn lc
Quy m ngun nhn lc ca PTSC M&C khong gn 3000 cn b cng nhn
vin vi i ng k s, kin trc s v chuyn vin lnh ngh, trnh bc i hc tr
ln, kinh nghim dy dn nh ch cu tin ham hc hi v kh nng lm vic c lp
cng nh lm vic theo nhm chuyn nghip. Nhng k s, chuyn vin mc d tui
i cn rt tr nhng kh nng m nhn cc v tr quan trng, chin lc trong
cc D n ni ring v trong Cng ty ni chung. i ng lnh o tr thi mt
lung gi mi cho Cng ty. y chnh l b khung vng chc to nhng bc pht
trin mnh m, vt bc cho cng ty.
i vi mi d n, PTSC thnh lp mt ban d n bao gm cc im st vin v




cc k s t cc phng ban chc nng, phi hp vi ngun nhn lc t Cng ty TNHH
Dch v K thut Hng hi hon thnh d n. Ton b cc k s, nhn vin ca
Cng ty lm vic trong lnh vc thi cng, ch to u c o to h chnh quy ti cc
trng i hc, c o to, rn luyn qua thc t cng vic cng nh thng xuyn
tham gia cc kha o to chuyn mn trong nc v quc t.
Ngoi ngun ni lc ca Tng Cng ty, PTSC M&C cng thit lp c mi
quan h kh cht ch vi cc i tc ln trong v ngoi nc. Nh , Cng ty c kh
nng huy ng v tn dng ngun nhn lc, vt lc, trnh KHKT v kinh nghim t
cc i tc nhm p ng tt cc yu cu kht khe, ng thi gip Cng ty c kh nng
thc hin cc d n ln bao gm c thit k, vn chuyn v lp t, chy th, kt ni
ngoi khi
. S b my iu hnh cng ty

Hnh 1: S t chc ca Cng ty Dch v C kh Hng hi




Chc nng nhim v cc phng ban trong cng ty.
1. Phng thng mi.
- Qun l v thc hin cng tc mua sm thit b, vt t ( tr vt t tiu hao)
v dch v phc v thi cng cc d n ca Cng ty.
- Qun l v thc hin cc cng tc xut nhp khu v giao nhn hng ha.
- Thc hin cc cng tc thng mi khc khi c B giao.
2. Phng pht trin kinh doanh.
- Thc hin cc cng tc qung co tip th, tm kim khch hng.
- Tham mu cho ban gim c trong chin lc pht trin sn xut, chin lc
m rng v chim lnh th trng trong v ngoi nc ph hp vi chin
lc chung ca cng ty
3. Phng k hoch.
- T chc thc hin, tham mu v thc hin ch o ca Ban im c v cc
hot ng:
+ Hp tc kinh doanh : la chn i tc hp tc chin lc trong v ngoi
nc
+ Pht trin thng hiu: qung co, tip xc khch hng hi ch, trin lm,
t chc s kin, cc hot ng xc tin thng mi, xy dng v pht trin
thng hiu Cng ty.
+ Pht trin dch v.
4. Phng ti chnh k ton.
- T chc h thng k ton v thng k tun th Php lnh K ton - Thng
k. Xy dng h thng s sch chng t k ton, bo m h thng s sch
chng t k ton phi r rng, minh bch ph hp vi cc quy nh ca nh
nc v t chc h thng k ton..




5. Phng thit k.
- Trin khai thit k thi cng phc v cho cng tc ch to, h thu, hon ci,
sa cha v bo dng cc cng trnh bin v du kh, phng tin ni, dn
dng v cng nghip.
- Trin khai thit k chi tit cho cc d n cng vic ch to, sn xut khc ca
Cng ty.
- Thit k cng ngh, ch to cc cm thit b.
- Thit k c s cho cc cng trnh bin v du kh, dn dng v cng nghip
- Thc hin cc cng tc chun b, thit k u bi k thut phc v u t
cho Cng ty.
- o to v t o to, pht trin nng lc thit k ca cng ty.
- Cc chc nng khc:
+ Khai thc, s dng hiu qu thit b, phn mm, ti sn c cng ty giao,
phc v tt nht cng tc sn xut, dch v ca Cng ty.
+ Thc hin cng tc chun b h s thu, u thu.
+ Thc hin vic mua bn cc ti liu k thut, thit b nh l phc v cng
tc thit k khi c B cho php.
+ Phi hp vi cc ban d n, b phn khc ca cng ty trong vic thc hin
cc chc trch c phn cng, cc cng vic khc lin quan n thit k, k
thut.
+ Thc hin cc cng vic khc do im c Cng ty phn cng.
6. Phng k thut sn xut.
- m bo v iu hnh ton b cng tc sn xut ca cng ty bao gm: Cc
xng sn xut. cc nh thu ph v cc bn hp tc lin doanh. ng thi
thc hin cc vic thit k t chc thi cng, iu ng nhn lc, vt t trang
thit b phc v cho thi cng.




- Cng tc pht trin sn xut: Tham mu cho ban gim c trong chin lc
u t m rng pht trin sn xut ca cng ty ph hp vi chin lc kinh
doanh, tm kim m rng th trng trong nc v ngoi nc ca cng ty
v tng cng ty.
7. Phng hnh chnh tng hp.
- Chc nng, nhim v qun l hnh chnh: h thng thong tin lin lc; mua
sm v qun l trang thit b, dng c vn phng ca Cng ty; thc hin
cng tc i ni, i ngoi, thc hin cng tc tp v, hu cn; Chc nng,
nhim v qun l tng hp.
8. Phng t chc nhn s.
- Hoch nh, t chc, kim tra, qun l ngun nhn lc trong Cng ty: tuyn
dng, iu , o to, hp ng lao ng, tham mu quy hoch v b
nhim cn b.
- Qun l v thc hin cng tc tin lng, thng, phn phi, tr cp ca
Cng ty.
- Qun l v thc hin cng tc khen thng, k lut lao ng trong Cng ty.
- Bo m cc ch phc li ca ngi lao ng ng quy nh ca Cng ty,
Tng Cng ty, Tp on v php lut: BHXH, BHYT, BHTN, BHSMCN,
Cng on.
9. Phng xy dng cng trnh.
- T chc thi cng, xy lp cc cng trnh bin, cng trnh dn dng v cng
nghip.
- Thc hin cc nhim v khc do Ban im c Cng ty phn cng.
10. Phng an ton, cht lng.
- T chc trin khai h thng an ton, bin son cc quy trnh m bo cht




lng, kim tra gim st cht lng cho d n v hot ng sn xut ni
chung.
- T chc trin khai, iu hnh, gim st ton b cng tc An ton-Sc kho-
Mi trng.
- T chc cc kho hun luyn an ton, phng chy cha chy, s cp cu, an
ton trang thit b v v sinh cng nghip.
11. Xng Kt cu thp 1 & 2:
Trc tip t chc thi cng cc phn lin quan n kt cu thp ti cc cng
trnh, gm c: t lp rp 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; t hn 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
12. Xng Dch v Tng hp:
T chc qun l cng tc thi cng gin gio, cng tc snphc v sn xut
ca cc d n
Qun l cc thit b nh tng hp phc v thi cng.
13. Xng in t ng:
Trc tip thi cng cc phn lin quan n cc thit b in v t ng ho,
gm c: t in, t t ng ho.
Qun l phng th nghim cc thit b in.
14. Xng C kh lp my:
Trc tip t chc thi cng cc phn lin quan n phn ng, lp my gm:
t lp rp ng I, II; t hn ng I, II; t lp my I, II.
15. Xng Thit b Tng hp:
Qun l cc thit b thi cng ca cng ty v cu lp, h thy.
Vn hnh v t chc cc cng vic lin quan n trang thit b cng ty.
16. T Bo v:
C nhim v bo v v c vn cho ban gim c trong vic duy tr an an
ninh trt t trong phm vi ca Cng ty




PHN 2 : NI DUNG THC TP

Chng 1 IU KIN THI CNG TRN BI LP RP PTSC M&C
- Tng mt bng thi cng
Mt bng bi lp rp PTSC M&C thu ca Cng Ty Cng Dch V Du Kh PTSC
Supply Base phc v cho vic thi cng ch to cc d n: Trong c D n Bin
ng
c im bn bi :
- Bi lp rp gm c 2 ng trt
+ ng trt 25000T chuyn dng ch to TOPSIDE
+ ng trt 10000T chuyn dng ch to JACKET
- Nn bi c gia c chu p lc 50T/m
2







CHNG 2: TM HIU CC THIT B THI CNG TRN BI LP RP
1. Que hn
Hin nay trn BLR ang s dng nhiu loi que hn khc nhau vi cc cng
dng khc nhau.
Cc loi que hn:

Hnh 2.1: que hn
- Que hn EASYARC :
+ EASYARC ID 7018: hn cc loi thp hp kim mm. C nhiu kch
thc khc nhau nh 2.6x300mm, 3.2x350mm.
+ EASYARC ID 8016
- Que hn KOBELCO:
+ KOBELCO LB52-18, kch thc 3.2x400mm
+ KOBELC LB62, kch thc 3.2x350mm
+ KOBELCO TGS-316L, kch thc 3.2x400mm
- Que hn ERLIKN T316L, kch thc 2.4x1000mm
- Que hn TRUSTARC LB-62, kch thc 3.2x350mm2
- Que hn LINCLN LNT26, kch thc 2.4x1000mm
2. T sy que hn
a. T sy que hn trong kho:
T dng sy v que hn.




Trong mi kho phi c t nht 02 t, mt t sy v mt t . Nhit
sy l 300
o
C- 350
o
C. Sau khi sy 1h chuyn sang t nhit 150
o
C. Mi
t c th cha c 200kg que hn.
Hin nay trong kho ca BLR ang s dng loi t sy que hn WELDBANK
YCH-200. T s dng hiu in th 220V, 50/60Hz, cng sut 3.3kW.

Hnh 2.2: T que hn WELDBANK YCH-200.

b. T que hn c nhn:
T dng cho cc th hn bo qun que hn khi ra cng trng.
Nhit bo qun que hn trong t c nhn l 75
o
C. Mi t c th cha ti
a 5kg que hn.

Hnh 2.3: T que hn c nhn.
3. My ct ra
Dng ct ng hoc thp tm theo cc hnh dng khc nhau.




C nhiu loi my ct ra nh my ct ra xch (dng ct ng), my ct ra
thng (dng ct cc tm thp phng). Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca cc
loi my ct ra tng t nhau, ch khc v cch di chuyn.
My s dng nhin liu l kh gas v oxy, khi hn hp kh gas v oxy chy to ra
nhit cao lm nng chy thp. u ct (bp ct) c lm bng ng, c 4 loi
vi ng knh l khc nhau iu chnh lng kh ct nhiu hay t ty theo chiu
dy vt cn ct. Nhit ngn la phun ra u bp ct khong 1820
o
C, kt hp
vi dng kh oxy phun ra di p lc cao to ra nhit khong 3000
o
C lm nng
chy vt cn ct.
My c th di chuyn tin, li vi cc tc khc nhau bng ng c in s
dng ngun in 220V.

Hnh 2.4: My ct ra thng CG1-30C.

Hnh 2.5: My ct ra xch.




Hnh 2.6: My ct ra trn.
4. M ct tay
Dng ct cc tm thp mng, cc chi tit m khng dng c cc my ct
trn
My ct bng 2 kh l gas+oxi, v c iu chnh bng van.

Hnh 2.7: M ct tay
5. My ct CNC
CNC l loi my dng ct thp tm, ct ng vi bp ct l hn hp kh
gas+oxi.




y l mt loi my mi, hin i. My hot ng trn ray v c vch trc
ng ct bng cch lp trnh file .cnc, my di chuyn theo ng c vch
sn nh h thng my tnh lp trnh iu khin. Nh m bo c s chnh
xc, hn ch ti a sai s trong qu trnh gia cng cc chi tit, ng thi gii
phng c L ( ch cn 1 cng nhn iu khin my v cng nhn ph tr).







Hnh 2.8: My ct CNC

6. My ct profile SPC 1500
My ct profile dng ct thp ng c chiu dy t 3-50mm
My hot ng da trn h thng iu khin ca my tnh, bp ct c dng
kh gas v oxi p sut cao

Hnh 2.9: y ct SC 1500




7. My ct ln Tin t (my ct 350)
My dng ct ng, thanh vi cc loi vt liu khc nhau nh kim loi, g,
nha.
Cc thng s ca my : ngun in 220V, 50Hz. Cng sut m t 2-5HP,
tc ct 2000 - 3000 rpm. ng knh ln nht my c th ct c l
110mm.
My s dng li ct Flex Ovit vi kch thc 356 x 3.0 x 25.4 mm.

Hnh 2.10: My ct ln.

8. My ct + mi cm tay
Cng dng: mi nhn cc chi tit, cu kin sau khi ct vt mp nhng v tr
hoc kch thc b khng th thc hin bn blasting, hoc loi b lp sn, to b
mt nhm cho kt cu trc khi hn. C th thay th mi bng li ct ct cc
cu kin c chiu dy v kch thc nh.
Hin nay trn BLR ang s dng nhiu loi my ct + mi cm tay, ch yu l
ca hng METABO. My c cc thng s nh mc v ngun in l 230V, 6.5A,
50-60Hz. Theo kch thc v kh nng s dng, my c phn lm 3 nhm chnh
l compact class, middle class v top class.
- The compact class: bao gm cc my
W 8-100, W 8-115, W 8-125, WP 7-115 Quick, WPS 7-115 Quick, WP 7-
125 Quick, WPS 7-125 Quick, W 8-115 Quick, W 8-125 Quick, WE 9-125




Quick, W11-125 Quick, W 11-150 Quick, WB 11-125 Quick, WB 11-150
Quick, WE 14-125 Plus, WE 14-150 Plus.
S u tin ch cng sut ca my, s th 2 ch ng knh mi.
VD: my W 8-100 c cng sut 800W, ng knh mi 100mm.
My c th ct c cc vt liu va phi, mi nhn mi hn, ct gch. My
c th s dng trn cc loi vt liu kim loi, g, plastic.

Hnh 2.11: y ct, mi cm tay.




9. My mi hai BOSCH GSM200.
My s dng ngun in 280 V, 50H, c 2 mi ring r vi cng sut ln
lt l P
1
700W v P
2
= 500W.

Hnh 2.12: my mi hai BOSCH GS200

10. My mi di
My dng mi cc v tr m cc loi my mi khc kh thc hin nh cc
l khot nh, cc b mt nm su trong cu kin.
Hin nay trn BLR ang s dng cc my mi di ca hng METAB nh
my METAB E700. My c cc thng s nh mc v ngun in l 230V,
3.6A, 50H, 710W. My c 6 cp vi 6 tc quay ca mi khc nhau
(1=7000rpm, 2=12000rpm, 3=16000rpm, 4=20000rpm, 5=24000rpm v
6=27000rpm). D
max
= 50 mm.
Hin nay c hai loi mi mi l mi mi bng v mi mi bng crom.




Hnh 2.13: My mi di.

11. My nn kh
My to ra kh vi p lc ln phc v cho cng tc sn, phun ct, bn
blasting, np bnh th, kim tra p lc ng ng
Nguyn l hot ng: khng kh c lc sch bi bn ri c dn vo
my nn dng bnh rng nn nh ng c, sn phm l kh nn p lc cao,
nhit cao. Sau lung kh ny c dn qua b lc du, b lc nc, qua
b tn nhit khng kh, sn phm cui cng l kh p lc cao, nhit bnh
thng.
Hin nay trn BLR ang s dng nhiu loi my nn kh khc nhau ca cc
nh sn xut nh Atlas, Denyo.
- My nn kh XAMS 286 MD
- Nh sn xut: Atlas Copco Airpower N.V.Wilrijk Belgium.
- p sut thit k: 16 bar
- p sut lm vic: 8.6 bar
- Dung tch: 91 l.
- My nn kh Atlas Copco kiu XAHS - 347
- Nh sn xut: Atlas Copco Airpower N.V.Wilrijk Belgium.
- p sut ln nht: 12 bar.
- Tc : 2000 rpm.
- Cng sut ng c: 186 KW.
- My nn kh DPS 670 SS2
- Nh sn xut: Denyo Shinko Industrial Co., Ltd - Japan.




- p sut thit k: 12.8 kg/cm
2

- p sut lm vic: 8.5 kg/cm
2

- Dung tch: 0.238 m
3

Hnh 2.14: My nn kh XAMS 286

Hnh 2.15: My nn kh DPS 670
12. My Tacket (compressed air cylinder)
My dng cha kh t my nn kh v nn to ra p sut ln phc
v cho cc cng tc sn, phun ct, bn blastingKhng kh nn t my nn kh
thng qua ng dn cao su c dn ti my tacket. Ti y kh nn c tch
hi nc, sau dn ti cc v tr cn s dng vi tnh n nh cao hn so vi
kh dn trc tip t my nn kh.
Cc thng s ca my nh sau:
- Nhit thit k: 60
o
C




- p sut thit k: 15 bar
- p sut kim tra: 23 bar
- Dung tch 2m
3

- Kch thc D x l = 914 x 1645mm.
- My c mt ng dn kh vo t my nn kh v 6 ng dn kh ra. Trn
thn my c gn cc ng h o p sut kh trong my.

Hnh 2.16: My Tacket

13. Kch
Kch dng nng cc vt, cu kin, my mc c khi lng ln m chiu cao
nng nh v thi gian nng di.
Theo cu to kch c chia lm 2 loi l kch ng v kch dt. C 2 loi kch
ny u c cu to v nguyn l hot ng tng t nhau. Kch dt c chiu cao
nng nh hn so vi kch ng.
Hin nay trn BLR c nhiu loi kch vi kh nng nng khc nhau nh kch
10T, 20T, 50T, 100T,




Hnh 2.17: Kch ng

Hnh 2.18: Kch dt

14. My khoan
a. My khoan BOSCH GBH 2-22RE
My c th khoan trn nhiu vt liu khc nhau vi nhiu ng knh
khc nhau. Cc thng s nh mc v ngun in l 220/230V, 50/60Hz, 2.9A,
620W. Tc quay mi khoan khi khng ti l 0 - 1000 rpm, mc chn ng
0 - 4400 bpm. My c th khoan ng knh ti a 22mm vi b tng, 13mm
i vi thp v 30mm i vi g.




Hnh 2.19: My khoan BOSCH GBH2 22RE

b. My khoan MAKITA 6821
Cc thng s nh mc v ngun in l 220-230V, 2.6A, 50-60Hz,
570W. Tc quay mi khoan 0 4000 vng/pht.

Hnh 2.20: My khoan MAKITA 6821

15. My khoan bn TIN T
My dng khoan cc chi tit c kh trong xng. My s dng ngun in
220V, cng sut -1 HP, c 8 tc t 260 n 2800 rpm, u khoan c ng
knh 3-16mm.




Hnh 21: My khoan bn TIN T
My khoan bn Morgon
- Cng sut 1/2 HP.
- in p s dng 380V.
- Khi lng my 194 kg.
- Tc quay: c 18 tc quay t 90 2000 vng/pht.
- Sn xut nm 2010 ti i Loan.

Hnh 2.22: My khoan bn Morgon




16. My TARUREN P50AV
My dng to ren u ng, ct ng. My s dng ngun in 220V, cng
sut 600W. Hin ti trong xng c kh c 2 loi my Taruren. My Taruren nh
c 2 loi dao, c th to ren cho cc ng c ng knh -2 inch. My Taruren ln
c th to ren cho cc ng c ng knh 2.5-6 inch.

a) My TARREN loi nh

b) My TARREN loi to

Hnh 2.23: My Taruren

17. My ct tn ngui ERMAK CNC HVR 6100X25
My dng ct tn bng h thng thy lc iu khin bng ngun in 3 pha
380V, 50Hz. Cng tc ct c thc hin qua bng iu khin in t s dng




ngun in 24V. My c th ct cc tm tn dy 25mm, cng sut 3-5 tm/pht.
Cng sut m t 45kW. Kch thc my w x l x h = 2480x8000x3390mm.

Hnh 24: My ct tn ngui ERMAK CNC HVR 6100X25

18. My dp cnh tn ERMAK CNC HAP 3760X600
My dng dp cnh tn bng h thng thy lc iu khin bng ngun in
3 pha 380V, 50Hz. Cng tc dp c thc hin qua bng iu khin in t s
dng ngun in 24V. My c cng sut m t 37kW, tc tip cn 80mm/s.
Kch thc my w x l x h = 2650x5550x3600mm.

Hnh 2.25: My dp cnh tn ERMAK CNC HAP 3760X600




19. My hn PRESCISION TIG 375
My thng c dng trong xng hn cc mi hn i hi yu cu cao v
cht lng mi hn. Cu to ca my tng t my bin p, c cun dy s cp v
th cp. Khi hn c kh argon thi ra to mi trng tr, tng cht lng mi hn.
Hn TIG s dng que hn 2.4x1000mm khng c thuc hn.

Hnh 2.26: My hn TIG

20. My thy bnh, my kinh v
My dng cn chnh, kim tra ng trc khi hn.

Hnh 2.27: My thy bnh AX-2S 360
o




Hnh 2.28: y kinh v Tpcn GT-7500

Hnh 2.29: y kinh v
21. Cu DMAG CC6800
Cc thng s c bn ca cu:
- Sc nng ti a 1250 T
- Chiu di boom: 96 m
- Fly Jib : 108 m
- i trng:
+ Pallet weight : 450T
+ Counterweight: 250T
- Bn knh lm vic 8 85m




- Din tch 1 bnh xch : 2 x 13.7 m
- Chiu cao bnh xch : 2.6 m

Hnh 2.30: Cu DEAG CC6800




22. Cu KOBELCO SL 6000
Cu KOBELCO SL 6000 c cc thng s c bn nh sau :
- Sc nng ti a 650 T.
- Chiu di Boom 72m.
- Bn knh pallet eight: 11m
- Gc lm vic 15
o
86
o

- i trng:
o Body weight: 80T.
o Counterweight: 180T.
o Pallet weight ti a : 250T

Hnh 2.31 Cu KOBELCO SL6000




Hnh 2.32 Cu KOBELCO SL6000
23. Cu KOBLCO CK 1800
- Sc nng ti a: 180 T.
- Chiu di boom: 12.2 - 85.3m
- Tm vi:

Hnh 2.33 Cu KOBELCO CKE1800

24. Cu HITACHI SUMITOMO SCX 1500-2
- Sc nng ti a: 150 T ng vi tm vi 5 m v chiu di boom 18.3m
- Bn knh lm vic : 4 64 m
- c lm vic 30
0
- 80
0

- Chiu di boom: 15 75 m
- Chiu di Jib : 10 28 m
- Gc lm vic Jib : 10 30
- Din tch mt bnh xch : 965 x 6840 mm
- Chiu cao bnh xch 1,35 m




Hnh 2.34 Cu HTACH STOO SC1500-2

Hnh 2.35 Cu HTACH STOO SC1500-2




25. Cu NISSHA POCA DH900

Hnh 2.36 Cu NSSHA EOCA DH900

Hnh 2.37 Cu NSSHA EOCA DH900




26. Cu KOBLCO 7120
- Sc nng ti a: 120 T ng vi tm vi 5m
- Chiu di boom: 15.2 - 61m

Hnh 2.38 Cu KOBELCO 7120
27. Cu bnh lp Kobelco RK-450
Sc nng ti a 45T.

Hnh 2.39 Cu Kobelco RK-450




28. Cu bnh lp Terex T-775
- Sc nng ti a 75T.
- c lm vic 0 78
0

- Chiu di boom: 40 feet 126 feet (~ 12.2 38.4m)
- Tm vi: 10 feet - 115feet (~ 3 35m)

Hnh 2.40 Cu Terex T-775
29. Cu bnh lp TADANO AR-1200M
- Nc sn xut: Nht Bn.
- Model: FAUN RTF 120-5 AR 1200M-1.
- Sc nng ti a: 120 T 12.2m ti 2.7m ( 17 part-line).
- Chiu cao nng ti a : 47.5 m (boom) 68.0m ( jib).
- Chiu di boom : 12.3m 47.5m (boom thy lc 5 t)
- Tm vi : 44 m
- c lm vic : 2
0
81.5
0

- C 3 loi mc cu : 120T (17 part-line), 50T(7 part-line) v 8T(1 part-
line)




Hnh 2.41 Cu TADANO A1200M

Hnh 2.42 Cu TADANO A1200M




30. Cu bnh lp KOBLCO RK 450-2 PANTHER 500
- Sc nng ti a: 45T
- Boom thy lc 5 t

Hnh 2.43 Cu KOBELCO ANTHE 500
31. Cu bnh lp K2498

Hnh 2.44 Cu K2498




32. Xe nng
Hin nay trn BLR c nhiu loi xe nng ca nhiu hng sn xut khc
nhau vi ti trng nng t 3-20T
a. Xe nng KOMATSU FD50
- Sc nng ti a: 5T
- Chiu cao nng ti a: 3m (118.11 in)
- Chiu di gi : 1.150 m
- Cng sut ng c: 77kW

Hnh 2.45 Xe nng KOMATSU FD 50 AYT.
b. Xe nng KOMATSU FD 200
- Sc nng ti a: 20 T
- Chiu cao nng ti a: 3m
- Cng sut ng c: 166kW

Hnh 2.46 Xe nng TCM FD200.




33. My ng
My phc v cho cng tc hn

Hnh 2.47 y ng

Hnh 2.48 y ng




34. Bnh Oxy
Phc v cho cc cng tc hn, ct ng.

Hnh 2.49 Bnh Oxy

35. Bnh Gas
Phc v cho cc cng tc hn, ct

Hnh 2.50 Bnh Gas




CHNG 3: TM HIU THC T CC CNG VIC THI CNG TRN
CNG TRNG
I. QUY TRNH HN
bo qun vt liu hn d tr ngay trn bi phi c cc kho cha ph, t sy que
hn. Nhit nung nng que hn c xc nh theo cc thng s cho.
Cc que hn c bo qun theo tng loi mc, theo tng thi gian sn xut, v
ng knh que hn.Trong t sy, que hn c t trn gi cao c ghi m hiu. Khng
c cha ng nhng que hn khng cng chng loi vo cng mt thng. Que hn
trc khi s dng phi c sy nhit cao, ch sy phi tun theo cc s liu c
ghi trong l lch que hn.
Que hn sy mi ln giao cho th hn s lng cn hn trong na ca lm vic. S
que hn khng dng n cui ca, th hn phi cho vo t sy.
Mc ch ca cng tc hn: to lin kt gia cc kt cu thp nhm o bm s
n nh ca kt cu cng nh s lm vic ng nht. Hin nay cc cng trnh bin Vit
Nam s dng vt liu ch yu l thp trong lin kt ch yu l lin kt hn. V vy
lin kt hn rt c ch trng v chim khi lng ln trong thi cng cc cng trnh
bin, ch cn mt sai st nh c th dn n thit hi rt ln v ngi v kinh t.
1.Cc phng php hn.
a) Phng php hn h quang in (Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SMAW)
Hn h quang in l phng php lm nng chy v lin kt kim loi
bng nhit vi h quang in gia in cc kim loi c lp thuc bo v v kim
loi cn hn. Lp thuc hn bc bn ngoi que hn, c gi l cht tr dung
hn, khi chy cung cp kh bo v v x hn ni ln trn b mt mi hn c tc
dng bo v mi hn, ngn cc cht bn, khng kh lm gim cht lng mi
hn.
Ngun in, cch ni in cc, tc hn ca phng php hn c
quy nh trong quy trnh hn ca tng d n. Thng thng in cc dng l
que hn, cc m l kim loi cn hn (DCEP).
Phng php hn h quang in thng c dng ngoi cng trng
cc t th hn bng v hn ngang.




Hnh 3.1: Hn h quang in (SMAW)
b) Phng php hn bn t ng (Flux Cored Arc Welding FCAW)
Trnh t thc hin ca phng php ny cng tng t phng php hn
h quang in. Dy hn dng trong phng php ny c cu to gm mt lp
hp kim bc bn ngoi li thuc. Khi li thuc chy cng to thnh lp x hn
ni trn b mt mi hn ngn s xm nhp ca khng kh vo mi hn.

Hnh 3.2: Hn bn t ng (FCAW)
c) Phng php hn h quang chm (Submerged Arc Welding SAW)
Phng php ny dng dy hn bng kim loi v s dng lp bt hn ri
trn din tch mi hn. Dy hn c cm su vo lp bt hn sau cng dng
dng in cao p, mt u c ni vo kim loi cn hn v mt u ni vo
dy hn.




Hnh 3.3: Hn h quang chm (SAW)
d) Phng php hn Vnfram (hn TIG)
Phng php ny dng mt km hn ni vi cc dng ca ngun in ,
cc m ni vi kim loi cn hn. Khi hn ngi th hn mt tay cm km hn,
mt tay cm que hn. Khi a km hn li gn kim loi, di tc dng ca dng
in cao th s to ra h quang in lm nng chy que hn v kim loi hn.
u km hn c kh argon thi ra to mi trng tr ngn cn s tip xc ca
mi hn vi khng kh. Hn TI thng c thc hin trong xng hn ch
ti a tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh.

Hnh 3.4: Hn TIG

Hin nay trn BLR ca cng ty PTSC M&C ch yu s dng phng
php hn SMAW v SAW, phng php hn TI c s dng trong xng




hn cc ng cng ngh. Cch thc hn, vt liu hn, gia nhit c quy nh
c th trong quy trnh hn ca tng d n.
2. Vt liu hn
Vt liu hn s dng c quy nh trong quy trnh hn ca tng d n.
Vt liu hn l cc loi vt liu c hm lng hydro thp, n c khuynh hng
lm gim hin tng nt trong mi hn. Khi s dng vt liu hn cn ch s
dng ng chng loi, tit kim v lun gi vt liu hn iu kin kh ro.
c cht lng mi hn tt, vt liu hn phi tun theo cc quy nh
bo qun mt cch cht ch. Vic duy tr kh ro ca vt liu hn nh vo t
sy, t v phch sy c nhn. Vt liu hn (que hn) c sy 350
o
C trong
mt gi, sau chuyn sang t nhit 150
o
C, thi gian khng qu 72h
trc khi em ra s dng. Que hn mang ra cng trng phi ng trong cc t
sy c nhn v phi cm in gi nhit bo qun khong 75
o
C. Que hn
ch tr li khi cn trong phch hn v ch c tr mt ln.
3. Cc kiu mi hn v t th hn
Cc kiu mi hn
Hin nay c 5 mi ghp c bn c s dng:
- Hn i u (Butt-Joint)

Hnh 3.5: Hn i u




- Hn gc (Corner Joint)

Hnh 3.6: Hn gc

- Hn ghp (Edge Joint)

Hnh 3.7: Hn ghp
- Hn ch T (Tee Joint)

Hnh 3.8: Hn ch T




- Hn ghp chng (Lap Joint)

Hnh 3.9: Hn ghp chng
- Hn i u cn c phn loi :
+ mi hn rnh vung
+ mi hn rnh V n
+ mi hn rnh V kp

Hnh 3.10 mi hn rnh vung, V n, V kp
+ mi hn rnh vt n
+ mi hn rnh vt kp
+ mi hn rnh U n

Hnh 3.11 mi hn rnh vt n, vt kp, n




+ mi hn rnh U kp
+ mi hn rnh J n
+ mi hn rnh J - kp

Hnh 3.12 mi hn rnh U kp, J n, J kp
- Mi hn gc c phn loi :
+ mi hn gc 1 bn
+ mi hn gc 2 bn

Hnh 3.13 mi hn gc mt bn, hai bn
- Ngoi ra cn c cc kiu mi hn :
+ mi hn rnh V loe
+ mi hn b g
+ gt hn
+ mi hn nt
+ mi hn im

Hnh 3.14 mi hn rnh V loe, b g, gt hn, nt, im




T th hn
+ t th hn bng

Hnh 3.15 t th hn bng
+t th hn ngang

Hnh 3.16 t th hn ngang
+t th hn leo

Hnh 3.17 t th hn leo




K hiu mi hn
+ mi hn rnh vt n, V n

Hnh 3.18 mi hn rnh vt n, V n
+ mi hn ch T

Hnh 3.19 mi hn ch T
+ mt s k hiu mi hn khc




Hnh 3.20 mt s k hiu mi hn c bn
4. Qu trnh gia nhit v nhit gia cc lp hn
a. Qu trnh gia nhit
S gia nhit c yu cu khi hn cc mi ghp dy hoc khi hn thp hp
kim. ia nhit cho cc mc ch sau y:
- Sy kh hi m xung quanh vng c hn.
- Gim bt tc ngui trong khi hn v vng nh hng nhit ca kim
loi c bn. N s to ra mt cu trc kim loi mm do nhm trnh
hin tng nt.
- hydro trong mi hn khuch tn mt cch v hi.
- Gim s co ngt trong mi hn.
- Ci thin cc c tnh va p.
S gia nhit c th c thc hin bi cc ngn la kh hoc bi in tr,
s gia nhit cn ng u quanh v tr hn, thng qua bt th nhit ngi ta c
th xc nh c iu ny.
S gia nhit thay i theo loi thp v chiu dy ca n:
- Thp Cacbon c chiu dy >20mm th yu cu gia nhit
- Thp hp kim yu cu gia nhit vi tt c cc chiu dy
- Thp khng r yu cu gia nhit i vi mi b dy
b. Nhit gia cc lp hn
Nhit gia cc lp l nhit ca mi hn trong vng gia lp ny v lp
khc
Nu nhit ca mi hn khng c kim sot c th dn n kt qu sau
y




- Kim loi mi hn c th tr nn qu nhit lm mt i tnh do dai ca
n
- Kim loi mi hn c th mt i tnh chng n mn
- Kim loi mi hn c th xy ra hin tng nt nng
Nhit gia cc lp hn khng c vt qu 300
0
C i vi thp Cacbon
v khng qu 150
0
C i vi thp trng v nhit gia cc lp hn c o
bng bt th nhit
Quy trnh hn:
- Chun b mt bng, che chn khu vc c cu kin cn hn.
- nh sch b mt cu kin (mi, nh g hoc bn ct, blasting) nhm
loi b cc vt bn, sn, du m
- Mi vt mp mi hn theo ng quy nh, yu cu.
- Tin hnh lp t cc thit b cn thit ( thit b gia nhit..) vn chuyn
cc thit b phc v cng tc hn.
- Tin hnh cng tc hn.
Cc khuyt tt hn
Cc kiu khuyt tt hn c th bt gp trong thc t bao gm:
a. Khng ngu
L hin tng b mt chn mi hn khng c in y.
Nguyn nhn: do khong cch gia cc kim loi c bn khng m bo,
tc hn qu nhanh dn n vt liu hn khng th lp y mi hn.
Khc phc: hn tip cc v tr cha c lp y.




Hnh 3.21 Mi hn khng ngu
b. Ngu qu mc
ng hn ngu qu mc, kim loi c bn nng chy qu nhiu.
Nguyn nhn:
- Thi gian que hn lu, tc di chuyn que hn qu chm.
- S dng dng in khng ng vi quy trnh hn ca loi vt liu
ang hn.
Khc phc: Thi bay mi hn ti v tr khuyt tt v hn li.
c. Khng nng chy
Gia kim loi c bn v kim loi hn khng nng chy hon ton, lm
gim kh nng lin kt gia kim loi hn v kim loi c bn.
Nguyn nhn:
- Gia nhit khng hoc khng gia nhit.
- Tc hn qu nhanh.
Khc phc: Thi bay mi hn ti v tr khng t yu cu sau hn lp
y.
d. Nt dc
Xut hin cc vt nt theo chiu dc mi hn.
Nguyn nhn:
- Do kim loi c bn b chuyn v trong khi hn
- Gia nhit khng tt, mi hn ngui qu nhanh.
Khc phc: Thi bay v tr khuyt tt v hn li.




Hnh 3.22 Vt nt dc trong mi hn
e. Nt ngang
Cc vt nt ngang xut hin ti chn mi hn, trong kim loi hn.
Nguyn nhn: Gia nhit khng m bo dn n mi hn ngui qu
nhanh.
Khc phc: Nu hin tng ch xy ra cc b ti mt s v tr th c th
thi bay mi hn ti v tr ri hn lp y cn nu nt nhiu th phi hn
li ton b.

Hnh 3.23 Nt ngang trong mi hn




f. Chy chn bn ngoi
Xut hin vt lm ti mp ng hn.

Hnh 3.24 Chy chn ng hn
Nguyn nhn: Do v tr t que hn.
Khc phc: Hn lp y v tr chn b chy
g. Vt lm hnh ng
Hc l khng u v ng k ti chn mi hn hoc ch tip ni, c l
hc pha chn ca mi hn.

Hnh 3.25 Cc ng, l giun trn b mt mi hn




h. Oxy ha
ng hn ngu b oxy ha mnh lit vi s trc r kim loi.

Hnh 3.26 ng hn b Oxy ha
Nguyn nhn: Mi hn tip xc vi oxy trong qu trnh hn dn n kim
loi b oxy ha.
Khc phc:
- Thi bay mi hn v tr khuyt tt v hn li.
- Trong qu trnh hn phi che chn.
i. Ngm volfram
Ngm Vonfram trn hoc khng u.
Nguyn nhn: Do vnfram cha nng chy ht.
Khc phc:
- Thi bay v tr khuyt tt v hn li
- Kim tra k cc thit b trc khi hn
j. Ngm bt c cc dng khc v bt c cc hng
Ngm oxy hoc phi kim loi trong mi hn.
Nguyn nhn:
- Khng che chn cn thn khi hn
- Kh tr bo v trong khi hn khng
Khc phc:
- Thi bay v tr khuyt tt v hn li
- Kim tra k thit b v che chn cn thn trc khi hn




Hnh 3.27 Ngm x trong mi hn
k. Bn h quang
Cc git nh kim loi nng chy bn ln kim loi c bn hoc ln mi
hn.

Hnh 3.28 Bn h quang.
Nguyn nhn: Trong qu trnh hn gi que hn qu cao.
Khc phc: Mi nhn b mt kim loi c bn sau khi hn.
l. R kh (|1mm) v bt kh (|>1mm)
Xut hin cc l trn trng rng hoc c kh trong mi hn.




Hnh 3.29 R kh
Nguyn nhn: Hi nc cn nhiu trong khu vc hn do khng che chn
cn thn, gia nhit cha tt.
Khc phc:
- Thi bay mi hn v tr khuyt tt v hn li
- Che chn cn thn trong khi hn, khng hn khi m khng kh
ln hn 85% hoc phi gia nhit.
m. Cc ng, cc l giun
Xut hin cc bt kh di, n l hoc phn tn.
Nguyn nhn v cch khc phc tng t hin tng r kh.




Hnh 3.30 Hin tng ng, l giun trong mi hn
Lu chung
Khong cch gia cc mi ghp v ng hn
- Cc ng hn ngang trn ng (hn i u) phi cch nhau t nht
1m (vi ng ln) hoc 1D (vi ng nh).
- Cc mi hn dc phi cch nhau t nht 250mm.
- Cc ming tng cng phi cch mi hn dc t nht 150mm.
- Cc vng Ring phi cch mi hn ngang t nht 100mm.
- ng nhnh phi cch mi hn dc trn ng chnh t nht l 75mm,
nhng khi khng th b tr c th mi hn dc c mi nhn t
ch hn trong phm vi 100mm.
- i vi dm, cc mi ni khng c b tr v tr L/8 hoc L/4 ca
cc ngm, i vi dm consol th cc mi ni nn u t do.
- Khng ct ti nhng v tr c ng sut cao.
Cng tc chun b trc khi hn
- Trc khi hn, cc mp vt phi c mi nhn v sng. Nu c vt
lm trn b mt vt phi hn p ri mi li.




- Lm sch sn, du m v cc cht bn khc trc khi hn.
- Khi hn i u cc vt liu c chiu dy chnh lch ln th phi vt
bn dy hn theo t l .
K thut hn
- Ch c mi h quang trn mp vt mi hn, khng mi h quang
ngoi mi hn. Khi hn cc tm ph ln kt cu chu lc chnh th
phi mi h quang phn tm ph.
- Sau mi ng hn, x phi c lm sch khi b mt ng hn
bng ba g x.
- Phi tin hnh gia nhit trong sut qu trnh hn.
- Phi che chn mi hn khi nh hng ca ma gi hoc khi hn c
dng kh bo v.
Kim tra mi hn
C hai phng php kim tra mi hn l kim tra ph hy v kim tra khng
ph hy. i vi mi d n, khi nhn vt liu cn ly mu, hn v kim tra ph
hy (ko, nn, un) cho tng loi vt liu, sau a ra quy trnh hn ring cho
tng loi vt liu khc nhau. Cn khi thi cng trn cng trng, sau khi hn dng
phng php kim tra khng ph hy.
Kim tra khng ph hu (Non-Destructive Testing-NDT) bao gm cc phng
php dng th nghim, kim tra, nh gi v chun on k thut cc sn phm,
cng trnh cng nghip m khng lm tn hi n kh nng s dng ca chng.
Sau khi kim tra khng ph hu, i tng kim tra khng h b thay i v hnh
dng, kch thc, cc tnh cht c- l -ho v vn c th dng c theo cc mc
ich thit k ban u.
NDT c dng rng ri trong hu ht cc ngnh cng nghip, c bit l trong
cc ngnh cng nghip du kh, c kh, hng khng, nng lng (nhit in, thu
in, ht nhn), ng tu, cng nghip ho cht v ch bin thc phm. Trong
ngnh du kh NDT dng kim tra cht lng, an ton v ton vn ca cc
ng ng dn du, bn cha, dn khoan, h thng ng dn v bnh p lc ca nh
my lc du, nh my kh ho lng v.v.
Hin ti Cng ty PTSC M&C ang p dng cc phng php kim tra khng
ph hy sau: phng php kim tra bng mt (Visual test - VT), phng php bt




t (Magnetic particle test MT), phng php chp nh phng x (Radiographic
test RT) v phng php siu m (Ultrasonic test UT).
II. GIA CNG CT GT KIM LOI
1. Mc ch
Cng trnh bin c t hp t kt cu thp vi nhiu chng loi, kch thc,
hnh dng khc nhau m khng phi ci no cng ch to sn trong nh my c.
V vy cng tc gia cng ct gt kim loi trn cng trng cng chim mt khi
lng cng vic tng i ln (tng ng cng tc hn).
Mc ch:
- Ch to cc chi tit khng ch to c trong nh my.
2. Cc phng php ct
C nhiu phng php ct kim loi nh ct bng hn hp kh xy + as, ct
bng my ct tn, tuy nhin vi nhng ng, tm, dm thp c kch thc dy
khong 1 cm n 5 cm th phng php ct bng hn hp kh xy v as l c hiu
qu v kinh t nht.
3. Trnh t ct
Trc khi tin hnh ct ta cn xem xt nn chn phng php ct nh th no.
Nh i vi tm phng v ng ct n gin th ta nn dng my ct, nhng
i khi c cc chi tit m tit din ca n v ng ct phc tp th vic dng my
thng thng li t ra km hiu qu, khi tay ngh ca th ct cn phi c th
hin. Hin ti, ti xng c kh ca PTSC M&C c cc loi my kh hin i
phc v cho cng tc ct. My ct CNC ct thp tm vi bp ct l hn hp kh
gas + oxygen, my ct profile CNC SPC 1500 dng ct ng c chiu dy t 3
50 mm. C 2 loi my trn u hot ng da trn s iu khin ca my tnh. Cc
vt ct c lp trnh sn trn my tnh iu khin. Nh my thc hin vic ct
rt nhanh v chnh xc, hn ch ti a sai s, ng thi gii phng sc lao ng.
Cc vt ct phc tp nh mi ni ng ( ng bc 4) c thc hin chnh xc v
nhanh chng.
Cc thao tc ct bng my:




- a vt ct ln cc tm k.
- o v hnh dng, qu o cn ct.
- Lp trnh file trn my tnh iu khin.
- nh la ri iu chnh ngn la cho c th ct c nhanh v nt ct
nh.
- Tin hnh ct bng cch cho my lm vic theo lp trnh sn.
Cc thao tc ct bng tay:
- o v vt liu cn ct
- nh la ri iu chnh ngn la cho c th ct c nhanh v nt ct
nh.
- Tin hnh ct.
Thao tc ct bng tay ph thuc ch yu vo tay ngh, kinh nghim ca ngi
ct. Sau khi ct xong phi v sinh mp va ct bi mp c dnh vn thp nng chy
bm vo.
II. QUY TRNH LM SCH V SN KT CU.
1. Mc ch ca cng tc sn.
Cng trnh bin lm vic trong iu kin khc nghit ca mi trng kh hu bin.
Trong khng kh v nc bin c nng mui cao l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hin
tng n mn dn n ph hy cng trnh. Do vn chng n mn rt c quan
tm trong cng trnh bin vi mc ch lm tng tui th , m bo kh nng lm vic
bnh thng cho cng trnh. C nhiu phng php chng n mn nh sn ph, s
dng anot hy sinh Tuy nhin vic sn ph t ra c hiu qu, kinh t v an ton nht
i vi kt cu cng trnh bin.
2. Cc thit b phc v cng tc sn.
- My phun sn
- Sng phun sn bng tay.
- My nn kh DPS-670SS1-Denyo.




- My trn sn.
- Bnh th.
3. Vt liu sn.
Vt liu phi cn nguyn tn nhn hiu, ngy sn xut, s hiu v cc thng tin
khc lin quan tm ra ngun gc, thi hn v cch s dng mi loi sn. Vt liu
sn phi c chng nhn s dng ca nh sn xut v nguyn bn trong
Container. Cc loi sn phi phi c s chng nhn ring bit.
Kho cha phi c lm kh, sch v thng gi tt.
Khi s dng sn phi c khuy u hon ton. Cc loi sn c du hiu bin
cht, khng theo c im miu t ca nh sn xut, qu hn s dng th khng
c php dng trong bt c trng hp no.
Qu trnh sn ph s c s gim st lin tc ca ngi c thm quyn, kim tra
sn ph cho n khi hon thnh.
. Quy trnh lm sch b mt kt cu
a) Thit b
- My bn x ng v granet.
- My nn kh.
- Bnh cha x.
- M st chng x.
- ng ng dn kh v vi lp.
- My lm lnh khng kh kh.
- Thit b chia tch khng kh.
b) Lm sch bng phng php bn ng hay grant
- Lm sch b mt bng cch bn x ng l da trn p lc t my nn
kh, bn x ng vo b mt kt cu. Cc ht x ng hay granet ny s
lm bt lp oxit trn b mt kim loi v lm b mt kim loi nhn hn,
ngha l thay i nhm.
- Tt c cc vt nhm ca mi hn, vt chy, vy hn, vt lm, nhng mt
st nh ra s c lm nhn ti mt t trc khi chun b b mt sn.




- Mt phng thp c lm kh v lau sch du m trc khi phun x. Du
m c ra sch bng dung mi ph hp vi quy trnh thit k.
- Ch phun x lm sch b mt kt cu trong iu kin m khng kh
85% v thp phi c nhit cao hn 3
0
C so vi im sng nht ca
hi nc trong khng kh ti thi im .
- p sut vi phun l khong 7kPa/cm
2
.
- nhm ca cu kin ph thuc vo thit k, y l cn c thc hin
quy trnh bn x ng cng nh kim tra kt qu.
- Trc khi tin hnh cng tc lm sch phi c ch dn y v mng
ngn trc khi phun x. Tt c cng nhn tin hnh cng tc u phi
mc bo h theo yu cu an ton quy nh.
- Cc kt cu phun sn phi cch u ca mi ng hn l 50 mm.
- Tt c cc b mt kt cu c lm sch phi c gi sch trc khi
sn ph lp u tin.
c) Lm sch bng dung mi
- Lm sch bng dung mi c tc dng ra tri i cc ha cht bm bn
dnh trn cu kin m bo cht lng ca qu trnh bn x.
- Phng php ny khng c tc dng thay i nhm ca b mt kim
loi.
- Sau khi dng dung mi ra sch cc cht bn, ngi ta dng nc nng
ra sch chnh cc dung mi trn trc khi em cu kin thc hin
quy trnh phun x ng hay granet.
Trong thc t, i vi phn ln cc cu kin, ngi ta thng s dng ni tip
hai qu trnh trn nhm m bo hiu qu tt nht.

5. Trnh t sn.
- Kim tra li cht lng sn, kim tra cht lng dung mi trc khi dng, s
dng sn theo ng ch dn ca nh sn xut.
- Khi b mt ca lp sn m bo nhm yu cu, sn lt lp sn u tin.
- Phi kh n khi lp sn lt kh hon ton.
- Khi lp sn trc t tiu chun th sn tip lp sn k sau, c nh vy cho
n khi hon thnh.




- Vic kim tra chiu dy ca lp sn ty theo yu cu v chnh xc v
phng tin hin c (c th l bng my hoc th cng), kim tra ti vng giao
gia cc khu vc sn v mt s v tr khc.
- Khng tin hnh sn trong cc trng hp sau y:
+ Nhit di 5
0
C
+ m ln hn 85%
+ B mt sn c du m hoc cc cht gy n mn.
+ iu kin thi tit xu.

CHNG : TM HIU QUY TRNH THI CNG CH TO TOPSID V
ACKT PQP BIN NG 1

1. GII THIU V D N BIN NG 1




D n Bin ng 1 bao gm 2 d n khai thc gas v kh ng hnh Hi Thch v
Mc Tinh thuc Blocks 05.2 v 05.3 nm v pha bc b bin VN 340km. D n
bao gm:
- 01 gin u ging Mc Tinh (WHP-MT1).
- 01 gin u ging Hi Thch (WHP-HT).
- in trung tm Hi Thch (PQP-HT).
- 01 S ti Hi Thch.
- 01 ng dn t WHP-MT1 sang WHP-HT.
- 01 ng dn gas t WHP-HT ni tip vi h thng ng dn t Nam Cn
Sn.
- H thng ng dn gas v kh t WHP-HT n S.
- H thng cp quang, cp in t WHP-HT n WHP-MT1.




Hnh 4.1: v tr a l xy dng d n Bin ng 1




Hnh 4.2 s quy hoch m d n Bin ng 1

2. CU TO CNG TRNH
2.1. CU TO TOPSID
Cu to ca topsde gm:
- Main deck : EL (+) 36.0m
- Mezzanine deck: EL (+) 27.0m
- Cellar deck: EL (+) 18.0m
- Sub-cellar deck : EL (+) 14.0m




Hnh 4.3 ca 3 sn chnh ca topside PQP - HT
Topside PQP HT c ch cho 70 ngi, sn bay trc thng v ngn uc di
90m.
Cu to ca topside PQP HT c 4 chn trong v 4 chn ngoi. Khong cch chn
trong v chn ngoi l 13m. Khu chn trong theo phng ngang ng trt l
22m, theo phng dc ng trt l 30m.
Topside PQP HT c khi lng khong 13000 T.

Cc loi ti trng KN
Ti trng ca topside c ch to 47648
Ti trng vt t th cp v vt t ph cp 16773
Ti trng thit b trn cc sn ca topside 21712
Ti trng ng trn cc sn ca topside 12276
Ti trng dng c trn cc sn ca topside 4518
Ti trng cc thit b in trn cc sn ca topside 579
Ti trng cc thit b m bo an ton 3697
Ti trng vt t khu vc ngi v sn sn bay 3603




Ti trng hng ha trn nh ngi v sn sn bay 3321
Ti trng c cu thp sng trn cu thang, lan can 467
Ti trng bn thn cn cu theo hng bc 1015.3
Ti trng bn thn cn cu theo hng nam 1015.3

nh 4.4 Topside PQP HT

2.2. CU TO ACKT.
acket PQP HT gm 4 ng chnh vi 3 cc vy (skirt piles) mi ng. dc ca
ng chnh l 1:12 v 1:8. Chiu cao acket 142.3m. su nc 132.8m . Cao
cc diafragm:
- Top of jacket : EL (+) 9.5m
- Seadeck walkway: EL (+) 7.85m
- Level-1 (seadeck): EL (+) 7.6m
- Level-2 : EL (-) 5.0m
- Level-3 : EL (-) 16.5m




- Level-4: EL (-) 39.5m
- Level-5: EL (-) 60.5m
- Level-6 : EL (-) 85.0m
- Level-7: EL (-) 109.0m
- Level-8: EL (-) 130.88m
Kch thc ng chnh:
- T (-) 132.8m n (-) 85.0m : 2450 x 60
- T (-) 85.0m n (-) 39.5m : 2000 x 45
- T (-) 39.5m n (-) 27.809m : 1800 x 60
- T (-) 27.809m n (-) 16.5m: 1800 x 65
- T (-) 16.5m n (-) 5.0m: 1800 x 50
- T ( -) 5.0m n (+) 9.5m: 1800 x 60
Trn 2 side RW A v C c 2 ng ph 1550 x 30 song song trn mi mt.
Khong cch gi 2 ng ph ny l 22.0m.

3. QUY TRNH CH TO ACKT V TOPSID PQP HT.
Ti cng mt thi im, trn BLR c nhiu d n cng tin hnh cng tc thi
cng. Mi d n c nhng c im v yu t ph hp ring. V th cng tc la
chn phng n thi cng cng nh b tr v tr trn BLR hp l l mt iu rt quan
trng. Phi tnh ton, la chn b tr mt bng sao cho tn dng ti a mt bng sn
c, thun li cho vic ch to, t hp cng nh b tr ng di chuyn hp l cho
cu phc v qu trnh lp dng. ng thi phi nghin cu la chn v tr lp dng
hp l cho cng tc h thy sau ny.
Cc phng n thi cng acket:
- Phng n quay lt panel.
- Phng n thi cng kiu p mi.
- Phng n thi cng tun t t di ln trn theo phng ng
Cc phng n h thy:
- H thy bng cu




- H thy bng ko trt xung ponton
- H thy bng ng trt xung s lan
- H thy bng trailer
Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn phng n thi cng:
- Tin , thi gian thi cng v h thy.
- Ngun nhn lc phc v thi cng.
- Trang thit b hin c hoc c th thu c phc v thi cng.
- Din tch BLR.
- Cc d n khc cng thi cng trn BLR.

Quy trnh ch to JACKET v TOPSIDE PQP-HT
- Phn tch cc d liu c sn phc v cng tc lp rp khi chn PQP
HT
c im bn bi :
- Bi lp rp gm c 2 ng trt
+ ng trt 25000T chuyn dng ch to TOPSIDE
+ ng trt 10000T chuyn dng ch to JACKET
- Nn bi c gia c chu p lc 50T/m
2




Hnh 4.5 mt bng bi lp rp




- T nhng c im c sn ca bn bi ta c nh hng b tr khu lp rp nh
sau:
- B tr khu lp rp khi chn v thng tng trn c s to iu kin
thun li nht cho qu trnh thi cng cc d n v cho cng nhn lm vic
trn cng trng.
- Kim sot c nhng cng vic ang thc hin trn cng trng.
- Gim thiu ti a nhng cng vic chng cho gy nh hng ti nhau lm
chm tin thi cng
- Gim thiu ti a ri ro cho ngi, thit b v sn phm ch to trn cng
trng
- Qung ng t ngun vt liu ti ni thi cng c b tr mt cch ngn
nht m bo cho cng vic thi cng c din ra lin tc khng b ngt
qung. m bo tin thi cng.
- Cc cng xng c b tr gn khu lp rp. Cng tc hn, ct gt kim
loi c b tr di chn cng trnh
- Thit k ng trt, h thng dm gi sao cho m bo c sc chu
ti ca t nn
- Giao thng thun tin cu, xe dch v, ngi c i li thut tin v an
ton
- To sn hng i cho cu phc v cho qu trnh cu lp, lp rp cng
trnh
- c im bn cng cng l yu t chn hoc thu salan cho ph hp
c im mi trng : thi tit nh hng rt nhiu ti qu trnh thi cng trn
bi lp rp c bit l cng tc cu (nh hng ng gy lc trong qu trnh cu
lp). c im mi trng ni lp rp nh sau:




- Ch gi
Khu vc bi lp rp ca PTSC nm trong vng c gi ma hot ng
mnh. Trong nm c 2 ma gi chnh: i ma ng Bc v ng Nam.
+ T thng 11 nm trc n thng 4 nm sau:
Gi Bc - ng Bc vo cc thng: 11, 12, 1(ma kh)
i ng - ng Nam vo cc thng: 2, 3, 4(ma ma).
+ Trong thi k chuyn tip gia hai ma,t thng 5 n thng 10.Do c s
tng tc qua li gia hai lung gi chnh, gy ra gi theo nhiu hng khc
nhau, hng khng n nh.Trong thi gian ny vic thi cng gp nhiu kh
khn.
+ Vn tc gi trung bnh trong nm l t 2.3m/s n 3.5m/s.
- Ch ma
Thi tit trong nm phn thnh 2 ma r rt, ma ma t thng 5 n thng 11 v
ma kh t thng 11 n thng 4.
+ Lng ma trung bnh nm: 1868,7 mm
+ Lng ma cc i trong nm: 2463,1 mm
+ Lng ma cc tiu trong nm: 1391 mm
- Nhit v m khng kh
Nhit trung bnh nm l 27
o
C. Chnh lch nhit gia thng cao nht
(thng l thng 4) v thng thp nht (thng l thng 12) khong 10
o
C. m
trung bnh nm 75-80%.
T nhng iu kin mi trng ta c nhng lu sau:
- La chn ca s thi tit ph hp cho qu trnh thi cng. Hn ch thi cng vo
nhng ngy thi tit xu d gy ri ro v ngi v thit b
- Hn ch cu lp nhng thit b ln trong nhng ngy gi to bi rt d gy mt
kim sot khi thi cng
Thit b c sn trn bi




Thit b c sn ng mt vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh thi cng. N
quyt nh ti phng n thi cng nhm m bo tnh kinh t v thc thi khi thi
cng. Mi mt thit b u ng mt vai tr nht nh. y ta ch a ra thit
b in hnh l thit b cu.
Nhng vn lin quan khi thit k cu lp :
- Bn knh lm vic ca cu
- Chiu di boom
- i trng sau cu
- Kt cu
- T cc yu t trn cng vic ca ngi k s l chn cu ph hp vi mi kt
cu hoc la chn, chia tch kt cu ph hp vi sc lm vic ca cu
(ta s i su v bi tn cu phn sau)
xut phng n cho qu trnh lp rp jacket PQP HT
a Quy trnh ch to ackt PQP HT
- Nguyn tc ch to jacket
- Phng n h thy quyt nh ti phng n ch to jacket trn b
- Gim bt cng vic thi cng trn cao
- Chun b bn bi phc v cho cng tc ch to
- Ph thuc vo my mc thit b c sn hoc c th thu n v khc
- Nhn lc hin c
- Phng chm an ton l trn ht
- Trnh t ch to jacket PQP Hi Thch
- Cu to ca PQP HT trn ROW A v ROW C c 2 ng ph song song, phng
n h thy hp l nht i vi acket ny l phng php ko trt. V th,
jacket s c thi cng lp dng ngay trn ng trt c ch to sn.
Phng php thi cng acket PQP HT l phng php kt hp gia phng
php thi cng tun t v phng php quay lt.
- Kt cu jacket PQP HT kh phc tp. Kt cu gm 8 ng chnh (4 ng 4 gc l
4 ng chu lc chnh).




Hnh 4.6 hnh thit k
- Phng n ch to ph thuc vo phng n h thy. Nn phc v cho cng tc
h thy (bng ko trt) nn khi chn c ch to ngay trn ng trt.

Hnh 4.7 hai ng chnh c t trn ng trt




- H thng thanh ngang, thanh cho nhiu nn phng n thi cng tun t t trong
ra ngoi l kh thi nht. trnh chng cho v tin cho qu trnh cu lp

Hnh 4.8 hn tt lp rp phn gia jacket Q HT
- trnh vic thi cng trn cao qu nhiu v thun tin cho qu trnh lp rp. Ta
tin hnh lp rp cc phn cn li thnh cc khi ring bit. Sau quay lt
thnh khi hon chnh.
- Vi vic thi cng nh vy i hi chng ta phi c mt bng rng thi cng.
Nhng b li chng ta li c nhng u im nht nh khi thi cng nh vy nh:
+ Lp rp tng khi ring bit gip vit lp rp bt phc tp
+ Thut tin cho vic cu lp v lm vic cao khng qu cao
+ Cc mi hn c hn gn mt t nn d kim sot hn
+ An ton cho ngi thi cng




Hnh 4.9 Cc khi c lp t ring bit
b) quy trnh ch tao topside PQP HT
xut phng n cho qu trnh lp rp topside
- Nguyn l ch to topside
- Ngoi nhng iu kin thc t nh hng ti qu trnh ch to ni ch to
jacket, ch to topside cn c nhng nguyn tc sau :
+ Topside PQP HT c kch thc 46x74 (m) vi 3 sn chnh cc cao +18
(m),+27 (m), +36 (m) v sn ph sub - cellar deck +14 (m)
+ Vi trang thit b cu hin c ca cng ty cc tm sn phi chia thnh nhiu
phn nhm tha mn:
- Sc nng ca cu, tm vi, chiu di boom
- Vi din tch sn thng tng ln (46x74m) vic lp ton b sn ri cu
ln l khng kh thi v mo him bi vi khi lng ln, ni lc trong
dm cng ln theo
- Khi thng tng c lp dng theo thnh t t di ln. y l
phng php thi cng tin li nht m bo vic lp t tng cu kin d
dng hn c bit cc cu kin cng ngh nh piping, my pht in




- Cc cu kin cng ngh thng mua v song song vi qu trnh lp t.
l c th ca ch to topside. Trong nhiu trng hp cc cu kin
khc cha nhp v kp th cng tc ch to vn c tin hnh v cu
kin c lp t sau bng cch a ngang bng ng trt, cu

Hnh 4.10 Topside giai n sp hn thnh

Hnh 4.11 Thp uc c lp t cui cng




4. TM HIU QUY TRNH CU LP TRONG QU TRNH CH TO
JACKET V TOPSIDE PQP HT
4.1 Bi ton cu
- Trang thit b s dng.
- Cu
- Dy cp.
- Padeye: cu kin hn vo chi tit vt cn cu nhm thc hin vic nng h,
vn chuyn vt nng
- Shackle (man): Thit b chuyn tip gia padeye v dy cp.
- Stopper (chn cp) : chi tit hn vo ng, panel c nh cp vo vt
- Quy trnh tnh ton.
a. Xc nh trng tm, khi lng vt cn nng
Da vo khi lng vt cn nng chun b sc nng cho cu. T ta
trng tm xc nh v tr mc cp (v tr b tr padeye) : trong trng hp dng
1 cu th da trn nguyn tc trng tm ca vt cn nng (COG) v im hook
nm trn mt ng thng vung gc mt t, cc im mc cp v vt nng
cch u C; trong trng hp dng 2 cu th hnh chiu bng ng thng
i qua 2 im hook ca cu v trng tm vt nm trn ng thng. Vic b tr
im mc cp tha mn iu kin gc gia cp v mt phng ngang khng
nh hn 60
o
.
b. La chn cu.
S la chn cu:




B: Chiu di boom ca cu
H
crane
: Chiu cao ca xe cu
a: Chiu di mc cu
L: Chiu di dy cp
r: Khong cch Padeye v tm sn
D: Khong cch t tm sn ti mp sn pha boom cu
d: Khong cch t mp sn gn nht ti boom cu (> 1m)
H
1
: Khong cch t nh boom cu ti sn
H
2
: Chiu cao ca sn khi cu
R: Bn knh cu
o: Gc hp bi dy cp v sn (> 60
0
)
|: Gc ca boom cu
C s la chn cu:
- Trng lng vt nng : nh hn 80% kh nng nng ca cu.
- Chiu cao cn nng: Chiu di cp ti thiu t mc cp n nh boom ph
thuc vo tng loi cu, khng nh hn 5m vi nhng cu nh nh SCX
1500-2, khng nh hn 9m vi SL 6000.




- Kch thc vt nng: khong cch gn nht t vt nng n boom ca cu
khng c nh hn 1m.
T cc yu t trn ta xc nh cc thng s c bn ca cu: sc nng P
capacity
,
chiu di boom L, bn knh lm vic cu R (orking radius)
c. La chn cc thit b khc.
Sau khi xc nh c khi lng vt nng, v tr mc cp, ta m hnh ha, xc
nh c sc cng trong dy cp.
- La chn cp: chn cp c SWL ( Safety Working Load) ln hn lc dc ln
nht xut hin trong dy cp T
max
.
- La chn man (shackle): da vo lc ko ln nht ca cp tc dng ln man.
- Thit k padeye:
Padeye c tnh ton thit k da vo cc iu kin sau:
+ ng sut ti hn ti mp l padeye.
+ Lc ko gy ct.
+ Kh nng chu ko hai bn ng knh l.
+ T hp ng sut.
+ ng sut ct ti mt ct gii hn v ti mi hn.

Hnh 4.12 cu to padeye




4.2 Cc bi ton kim tra:
a). Kim tra sc chu ti l Padeye
iu kin kim tra:

ba
ba
F
f
< 1
Trong : f
ba
l ng sut ko ln nht, f
ba
=
b
c
A
P
max

F
ba
l ng sut ti hn, F
ba
= 0,9*F
y

Vi F
y
l cng chy do ca vt liu lm Padeye.
A
b
l din tch mt ct ngang ca l.
b). Kim tra kh nng chu ct ca padeye
iu kin kim tra:

vt
vt
F
f
< 1
- ng sut ct d tr:
F
vt
= 0,4*F
y
- ng sut ct ln nht:
f
vt
=
vt
c
A
P
max

+ A
vt
l din tch mt ct ngang chu ct.
c). Kim tra kh nng chu ko
iu kin kim tra:

t
t
F
f
< 1
- ng sut ko d tr:
F
t
= 0,6*F
y
- ng sut ko ln nht:
f
t
=
t
c
A
P
max




- A
t
l din tch chu ko.
d). ng sut ct ti mi hn ca tm
ng sut cho php ca ng hn:
F
w
= 0,3*F
exx
F
w
- ng sut cho php ca ng hn
F
exx
cng ko ln nht
Kim tra tm ngi:
iu kin kim tra:
I
w1
= f
w1
/F
w
<1
Trong :
f
w1
= P
c1
/A
w1
- ng sut do ct ca mi hn.
P
c1
- Lc tc dng ln tm ngoi
A
w1
Din tch chu lc ca mi hn
Kim tra tm gia:
iu kin kim tra:
I
w2
= f
w2
/F
w
<1
Trong :
f
w2
= P
C2
/A
w2
- ng sut do ct ca mi hn.
P
w2
- Lc tc dng ln tm gia
A
w2
Din tch chu lc ca mi hn
4.3 v d tnh ton bi ton cu
bi :tnh ton chi tit cu lp khi sn thng tng ln cao 29m
Thng s u vo:
- Kt cu
- Cu hin c ca cng ty nh SL6000, CC6800, SCX1500
- Tiu chun quy phm API RP-2A WSD2000, AISC
- Cc thit b phc v cng tc cu nh dy cp, shackles, my hn
Sau y ta s i qua cc bc tnh ton chi tit
1. Xc nh trng tm COG ca khi cn nng




- Sn c t hp bi cc thanh thp ch I, thp t hp. xc nh c ta
trng tm ca c khi ta i xc nh ta trng tm ca tng thanh thp.
- t mt trc ta ban u bt k. Ta khi kt cu c xc nh nh sau:
X
c
=
Pi
xi Pi
E
E .

Y
c
=
Pi
yi Pi
E
E .

Z
c
=
Pi
zi Pi
E
E .

Trong :
+ Pi : trng lng ca phn t i trn kt cu
+xi, yi, zi :ta x, y, z ca phn t i trn kt cu i vi trc ta ban u
tin cho qu trnh tnh ton ta m hnh kt cu bng phn mm autocad 3D. ta
xc nh c ta trng tm v trng lng ca kt cu
2. Xc nh v tr mc cp
- Do kt cu i xng v trng lng kh ln (433,5T) nn ta chn 4 v tr mc
cp ti dn u ln cc dy cp khi lm vic
- im mc cp phi l im khe trn kt cu
- Chn im mc cp sao cho ni lc trong kt cu khng c qu ln trnh gy
mt kim sot hay bin dng khi cu
- Cp hin c ca cng ty di 22m
- Gc hp bi dy cp vi mt phng ngang khng c di 60
- im hook phi i qua trng tm kt cu
- T cc iu kin ta i m hnh ha kt cu bng phn mm SAP2000 xc nh
lc cng dy cp
Dy
Gc gia cp v mt ngang
()
Lc cng cp P
(tn)
Chiu di cp
L(m)
1
60
129.9 22
2 125.3 22
3 128.75 22
4 124.64 22

Ta s ly lc cng cp ln nht tnh ton
P
max
= 129,9 (T)
3. Chn cp, shackles v thit k padeye




Lc cng cp P
max
= 129.9 (T) = 1274.36 (kN)
Lc cng cp thit k P 2 * P
1
= 2 * 1274.36 = 2548.71 (kN)
i thit:
- c hp bi dy cp vi mt phng ngang o 60
- Gc gia cp v mt phng padeye u 30
Lc trong mt phng padeye : Pin P.coso = 2548.71*cos60 = 1274.36 (kN)
Lc ngoi mt phng: Pop P.sino sinu = 2548.71*sin60*sin30 = 1103.62 (kN)
Lc ngoi mt phng thit k theo API quy nh phi cng thm 5% lc cng cp thit
k : Pout = Pop + 5%P = 1103.62 + 5%*2548.71 = 1167.34 (kN)
Thng s thp :
- ng sut thp lm padeye : Fy = 345 Mpa
- ng sut thp lm stiff : Fy = 345 M pa
a) Chn shackles

Bng chi tit chackles 2140 :

Da vo lc cng cp thit k ta chn shackles loi 2140 c cc thng s sau :
Shackle Type = G-2140




Max. Working Load = 150 tn
Dimension D = 372 mm
Pin Diameter, Dp = 95.5 mm
Jaw Width, W = 133 mm
Packing Plate Thickness, Tpp = 0 mm
Sling to Pin Hole Eccentricity, E = 419.75 mm

b) Chn dy cp
Da vo lc cng cp thit k ta chn cp c thng s sau :
ng knh cp : Ds 41.275 (mm)
Lc lm vic ln nht : 132 (tn)
c) Chn s b kch thc padeye




Chiu cao tnh t trc pin, H
h
= 140 mm
Chiu dy tm Main Plate, T
m
= 50 mm
Bn knh tm Main Plate, R
m
= 120 mm
Chiu cao Main Plate, H = 320 mm
Chiu dy tm Cheek Plate 1, T
c1
= 20 mm
Bn knh tm Cheek Plate 1, R
c1
= 90 mm
Chiu cao ng hn Cheek Plate 1, a
1
= 24 mm
Chiu dy tm Cheek Plate 2, T
c2
= 10 mm
Bn knh tm Cheek Plate 2, R
c2
= 70 mm
Chiu cao ng hn Cheek Plate 2, a
2
= 10 mm
B rng tm stifferner 1 W1 = 60 mm
B dy tm stifferner 1 T1 = 20 mm
B rng tm stifferner 2 W2 = 60 mm
B dy tm stifferner 2 T2 = 20 mm

d) Kim tra iu kin hnh hc ca main plate v check plate theo quy nh
- B dy tm cheek plate Tc sRm Rc
Tc = 20 (mm) sRm Rc = 120 90 = 30 (mm) :tha mn
- B dy tm main plate Tm s Hh Rc
Tm = 50 (mm) s Hh Rc = 140 90 =50 (mm) : tha mn
e) Kim tra iu kin hnh hc shackles
- ng knh l padeye c quy nh :
Dp + 3 s2*Ros Dp + 9
- Khong h x gia padeye v shackles c quy nh :
0.05W s x s 0.2W
- Khong cch nh nht gia tm main plate ti dy cp c quy nh :
0.5Ds s Cs = D+0.5Dp-Ds-Rm
- kim tra sc chu ca sling v shackles : Lc ko cn thit phi nh hn kh nng
lm vic ln nht ca dy cp v shackles
Kt qu :




CHECK
Minimum Hole Size Dp + 3mm = 98.5 mm
OK
Maximum Hole Size Dp + 9mm = 104.5 mm
Hole Size, Do = 2Ro = 101.5 mm
Khong h Shackle-Padeye nh nht 0.05W = 6.65 mm
OK Khong h Shackle-Padeye ln nht 0.2W = 26.6 mm
Khong h Shackle-Padeye (W-T
m
-2T
c1
-2T
c2
-2T
pp
)/2 = 11.5 mm
Khong cch Sling - padeye nh nht 0.5Ds = 20.638 mm
OK
Khong cch Sling - padeye, Cs = D+0.5D
p
-D
s
-R
m
= 258.48 mm

f) Kim tra padeye
- Kim tra sc chu ti l Padeye
iu kin kim tra:

ba
ba
F
f
< 1
Trong : - f
ba
l ng sut ko ln nht, f
ba
=
in
b
P
A

- F
ba
l ng sut ti hn, F
ba
= 0,9*F
y

- Vi F
y
l cng chy do ca vt liu lm Padeye, F
y
= 345 (Mpa)
F
ba
= 0.9*345 = 310.5 (Mpa)
- A
b
l din tch p mt ca l.
A
b
= (T
m
+ T
c1
+ T
c2
).D
p
.pi/4 = (50 + 20 + 10)*95.5*3.14/4 = 6000.4 (mm)
Pin = 1274.36 (kN) :ti trng trong mt phng padeye
f
ba
=
in
b
P 1274.36
= *1000 = 212.38(Mpa)
A 6000.4

F
ba >
f
ba
:l padeye tha mn sc chu x
- Kim tra kh nng chu ct ca padeye
iu kin kim tra:

vt
vt
F
f
< 1




- ng sut ct d tr:
F
v
= 0,4*F
y
= 0.4*345 = 138 (Mpa)
- ng sut ct ln nht:
f
v
=
op op
v m 1 1
P P
2548, 71
= = =122, 53(Mpa)
A H.T +4.W.T 320.50+4.60.20

+ A
v
l din tch mt ct ngang chu ct.
+Pop l lc ct ngoi mt phng
F
v
> f
v
tha mn iu kin chu ct ca padeye
- Kim tra kh nng chu ko
iu kin kim tra:

t
t
F
f
< 1
ng sut ko d tr:
F
t
= 0,45*F
y
= 0,45*345 = 155,25 (Mpa)
ng sut ko ln nht:
f
t
=
m 1 1
1274, 36
61, 26( )
H.T +4.W.T 320.50+4.60.20
in in
t
P P
Mpa
A
= = =

f
t
< F
t
padeye tha mn kh nng chu ko
Ta c chi tit padeye :




Hnh 4.13 chi tit padeye
g) chn cu
- xc nh khi lng cu cn phi nng
khi lng cu nng :
P = (KLKC*CF + padeye + dy cp + hook block + shackles) * DAF
Trng :
KLKC khi lng kt cu
CF h s d phng, ly 5 % cho cu trn b
DAF h s dynamic factor, trn bi ly 1,05
- Da vo khi lng kt cu v m cu ta chn hook block. Khi lng kt cu
KLKC = 443,5 (T). Vi iu kin khng dng qu 80% sc nng ti a ca cu.
+ Chn cu cc6800 sc nng ti a 1200T
+ Chn hock block 800T c khi lng 16 (T)




Ta c bng khi lng sau :
KL kt cu
(T)
KL padeye
(T)
KL dy
cp(T)
KL
shackles(tn)
KL hook
blook(tn)
433.6 0.142922398 0.92430728 0.48 16
TN CN (T) 496.5

- thng s u vo :
+ Gc dy cp vi mt phng ngang 60
o
+Chiu di dy cp L = 22 m
+ Chiu di cp t im hook ti boom a = 9 m
+ Chiu cao vt nng b = 943,5 mm
+ Chiu cao nng vt H
2
= 30 (m)
+ Xc nh : R bn knh lm vic ca cu
B chiu di boom cu
S chn cu nh sau :




|
B
R

Chiu cao cu nng :
H = H2 + b + L.sin60 + a = 30 + 0,9435 + 22*sin60 + 9 = 59 (m)
Chn chiu di Boom B 60 (m)
Bn knh lm vic ca cu :
R =
2 2
60 - (59- 4, 495) = 25(m)

Vi khi lng cn nng 496.5 (T). ta chn cu c thng s sau :
Chiu di boom : B 60 m
Bn knh lm vic R 26 m
Sc nng cu Q 516 (T)
Pallete weight thm vo W = 450 (T )
Khong cch gn nht t vt ti cn cu d = 4,17 (m) > 1 (m) - tha mn




f) kim tra p lc nn
Thng s u vo ca cu:
- Chiu di boom : 60 (m)
- Bn knh lm vic cu : 26 (m)
- Bn knh pallete : 24 (m)
- Khi lng vt cu : 480,5 (T)
- Khi lng palltet : 450 (T)
- Khi lng hook block : 16 (T)
- Gc boom vi mt phng ngang : 65,3 ()




COR
x
y
y
m
a
x
xmax

Khong cch t trng tm ca tng cc cu kin ti COR c xc nh bng cng
thc :
i i
i
M.x
COG =
M

Trong :
M
i
- khi lng ca cu kin th i
x
i
khong cch t tm cu kin th i ti trc y
ta c bng kt qu sau :
Cu kin Khi lng (T Khong cc ti COR (m)
Upper 89 -3.5
Counter weight 250 -8
Pallete weight 450 -24
Bnh xch 69 0
Mast boom 179.76 -12
Hook block 16 26.9
Boom 256.8 14.35
Khi lng vt nng 480.5 26.9
Tng cng 1791.06 20.65




COG = 0.989531339

- Chiu rng bnh xch : a = 2 (m)
- Chiu di bnh xch : b = 13,7 (m)
- Khong cch gia 2 trc bnh xch c = 9,6 (m)
Tng din tch tip xc ca 2 bnh xch vi mt t : A = 2.a.b = 2 * 2 * 13,7 =
54,8 (m
2
)
- Momen qun tnh ca bnh xch :
3 3 3 3 4
x
2 c a c a 2 9, 6 2 9, 6 2
J = .b ( + ) - ( - ) = .13, 7 ( + ) - ( - ) =1280, 9(m )
3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
( (
( (

3 3
4
y
a.b 2.13, 7
J = = = 857,1(m )
6 6

- Khong cch ln nht t mp ngoi bnh xch ti cc trc x, y :
max
b 13, 7
X = = = 6,85(m)
2 2

max
c +a 9, 6+2
Y = = = 5,8(m)
2 2

Ta trng tm ca h COG :
COG
X = COG.cos90 = 0

COG
Y = COG.sin90 = 0, 99

Trong :
90
o
gc quay ca boom so vi trc x
Momen i vi trc :
Mx = P.Y
COG
= 1791,06*0,99 = 1772,31 (T m)
My = P. X
COG
= 0 (T m)




P
M
Q
omax
omin

p lc bnh xch tc dng ln nn c xc nh theo cng thc :
max,min
P M
=
A W

Trong :
P tng p lc tc dng ln nn
A din tch tit xc gia bnh xch vi nn
M momen tc dng ln cu
W momen khng un
T c :
y 2 x
max max max
y x
M
M P M P 1791, 06 1772, 31
= + = + .X + .Y = + .0, 99 = 34, 05(T/ m )
A W A J J 54,8 1280, 9

y 2 x
min max max
y x
M
M P M P 1791, 06 1772, 31
= + = - .X - .Y = - .0, 99 = 31, 31(T/ m )
A W A J J 54,8 1280, 9

p lc nn cho php ca nn bi R = 50 (T/m
2
)

max
= 34,05 (T/m
2
) < R = 50 (T/m
2
) : Nn sc chu ti

min
= 31,31 > 0 : Cu khng b lt




5. QUY TRNH CN GIN
1. Mc ch.
Quy trnh cn gin gip ta xc nh c mt cch chnh xc khi lng v
trng tm ca cng trnh thc t sau khi ch to nhm phc v cho quy trnh h
thy v vn chuyn, nh chm ngoi bin.
2. Trang thit b s dng
- Kch: Thit b nng h (jack-up system) c sn xut v cung cp bi nh
thu Mammoet, c dng nng h cc cng trnh c ti trng v kch
thc ln. Kh nng chu lc ph thuc vo chiu cao nng h.

Hnh 4.14a Mt ng thit b nng h khi thng tng

Hnh 4.14b Mt bng thit b nng h khi thng tng




Hnh 4.14c Hnh chiu cnh thit b nng h khi thng tng
3. Chun b v a im cn
- Di chuyn tt c cc thit b, vt liu lm gin gio, kt cu tm thi,
dng c v cc trang thit b khc bn di gin trc khi cn.
- B tr my nn p lc, kch ti ng v tr thit k.
- Cng dy cnh bo khu vc cn gin, sn sng tin hnh.
4. Trnh t cn.
Sau khi chun b y v trang thit b, my mc v mt bng, ta tin hnh
quy trnh cn gin nh sau:
- Tng p lc ng u cho tt c cc kch, tin hnh nng gin ln 5cm so
vi v tr ban u.
- Gi nguyn v tr cc kch cho n khi ti bo khng i.
- Ghi li gi tr ti bo.
- Tin hnh gim p ng u cc kch, h gin xung nh v tr ban u.
Lp li quy trnh trn 5 ln. Trng lng ca cng trnh s ly gi tr
trung bnh.

5. Cc bi ton trong quy trnh cn gin
a. La chn v b tr kch.
- La chn kch.
- B tr kch
b. Xc nh trng tm, khi lng ca gin




Ri Ri+1 Ri+2 Ri+3
Rn Rn-1 Rn-2
Rn-3
COG
X
Y
Xi
Yi
O

- Trng tm, trng lng ca kt cu hon thin c xc nh nh sau:
Trng lng: R R
n

Trng tm:
( )
=
n
n n
COG
R
X R
X
.
;
( )
=
n
n n
COG
R
Y R
Y
.

Trong :
R
n
: phn lc ti v tr t kch
X
n
, Y
n
: ta ca im t kch




Hnh 4.15 m hnh b tr kch
- Khi lng, trng tm ca kt cu khi h thy c xc nh nh sau:
Khi lng :
R R
n
+ W
an
- W
rn

Trng tm :

( ) ( )

+
+
=
rm
rn
W W
) . W ( . .
an
n
rn an an n n
COG
R
X X W X R
X
( ) ( )

+
+
=
rn
rn
W W
) . W ( . .
an
n
rn an an n n
COG
R
Y Y W Y R
Y
Trong :
W
an
- Trng lng ca cc chi tit thm vo ti v tr (n).
W
rn
- Trng lng ca cc chi tit g b ti v tr (n).
X
an
- Honh trng tm ca chi tit thm vo (an).
Y
an
- Tung trng tm ca chi tit thm vo (an).
X
rn
- Honh trng tm ca chi tit g b ( rn).
Y
rn
- Tung trng tm ca chi tit g b (rn).
- Trng lng, trng tm ca kt cu khi tin hnh thi cng trn bin:
Trng lng:
R R
n
+ W
an
- W
rn
- W
LB

Trng tm:




( ) ( )
LB rn
rn
W W W
. ) . W ( . .
+
+
=

an
n
LB LB rn an an n n
COG
R
X W X X W X R
X

( ) ( )
LB rn
LB rn
W W W
. W ) . W ( . .
+
+
=

an
n
LB rn an an n n
COG
R
Y Y Y W Y R
Y
Trong : W
LB
l trng lng ca dm Thng tng.
c. Kim tra sc chu ti ca nn
Xc nh c cc phn lc tc dng ln cc kch. Ly gi tr ln nht P
max

kim tra
Ti trng tnh ton : P
tt
= P
max
* 1.2
T P
tt
xc nh p lc tc dng ln nn, so snh vi sc chu ti ca nn
kim tra.
d. cc bi ton trong qu trnh cn gin
- La chn v b tr kch
+ Xc nh s b s lng kch cn b tr
+ Xc nh s b v tr t kch sao cho v tr t kch kt cu cng,
khe trnh bin dng cho kt cu
+ B tr kch sao cho lc tc dng ln cc kch khng qu chnh lch
+ Xc nh lc tc dng ln kch l bao nhiu t chn c s kch
cho ph hp
- Tnh ton v la chn dm
- Kim tra bn cho dm
- Kim tra nn bi di kch
- Sau khi xc nh c khi lng ln mi kch, th phi xc nh trng
tm, t a ra bi ton ph hp cho h thy nh xc nh khi lng
i trong, la chn dm V tnh ton cho vn chuyn, lp t ngoi
khi




6. TM HIU V QUY TRNH H THY.
6.1. LA CHN PHNG N H THY
1. H thy bng cu ni
Cu ni c t trn s lan, sau khi topside c ch to hon chnh trn
bi lp rp s c cu xung s lan bng cu ni ny. Tip theo, ngi ta tin
hnh c nh topside trn s lan bng cc lin kt hn. Phng php ny c
p dng vi cc topside c kch thc v trng lng khng qu ln, cc n
v sn xut c trang thit b hin i. Ngoi ra, khi topside phi c ch to
mp cng m bo c th p dng phng php ny mt cch thun li.
- u im: thi cng h thy nhanh, khng chu nh hng ca mc nc triu,
khng yu cu ch to cc thit b h tr.
- Nhc im: - tnh ton h thy phc tp vi tng bc di chuyn ca cu, d
mt trng tm dn n lt s lan.
- Hn ch vi topside c kch thc v khi lng ln
- Quy trnh h thy bng cu
- iai on 1: Xc nh cc v tr t mc cu.
Sau khi hon thin khi chn bi lp rp, h thy chn cc v tr v tnh
ton khi thi cng h thy. Bi ton t ra y l tnh ton v tr mc cu khi vn
chuyn v kh nng lm vic ca cu gm sc nng v tm vi.
- iai on 2 :Dng cu ni nhc KC xung s lan
+ V tr cu ni t vung gc vi mp cng c gi bi 2 tu ko hai bn. a
tu vo v tr thit k vo neo vo cng n nh. Dng cu cu KC ln t t, trong
qu trnh cn dng li kim tra cp, n nh KC. Nhc KC ln khi gi vi
cao 1m, dng li khim tra, sau cu ln khi gi 3m. Dn gi v h thp KC
cch mt t 1m, kim tra. Sau thu cp dn v mp cng.
+ Sau khi cu nhc KC ln dng tu ko ko Cu ra,a s lan vo v tr thit
k, neo gi n nh s lan. Dng tu ko a cu vo st s lan, cn chnh ng v tr.
+ iu chnh v tr ca tu cu cho n khi trng tm ca KC trng vi trng
tm ca salan




- iai on 3: Th cp t t h KC t cu xung h thng gi b tr trn SL
Trong qu trnh h KC phi c cn chnh ng v tr c tnh ton m
bo cho s lan cn bng n nh.
- iai on 4 : Tin hnh lin kt KC vo h thng gi bng cc lin kt hn v
dy cp, chun b cho qu trnh vn chuyn KC ra v tr xy dng
- Cc bi ton khi thi cng h thy bng cu
- Tnh ton v la chn cu
- Kim tra n nh ca sa lan
- Tnh ton h thng gi trn b v sa lan
- Tnh ton chng buc trong qu trnh vn chuyn
2. H thy bng trailer
- u im: qu trnh h thy n gin, an ton cao v p dng c cho
nhiu cng trnh khi lng khc nhau
- Nhc im: qu trnh m bo cn bng h topside v trailer khi xung s
lan rt phc tp, chi ph mua xe trailer cao.
- Cc thng s cn quan tm khi tnh ton h thy bng trailer
- Sc nng ca mi trc trailer
- Khong cch gia cc trc trailer
- Da vo thng s hnh hc v trng lng ca KC hay khi thng tng b
tr s trc hay group trailer cho ph hp
- Chiu cao nng h ca trailer
- Kh nng nhn ti ca mi trailer
- Din tch tip xc v ti trng ca trailer truyn xung t nn




Hnh 4.16 m hnh mt ng trailer

- Cc bi ton khi thi cng h thy bng trailer
- La chn v b tr s trc bnh xe trailer

truc
P
N =
P

Trong :
- N :s trc bnh xe trailer cn thit
- P :ti trng ca KC truyn xung dm trailer
- P
truc
: sc chu ti ca mi trc trailer
p lc lu ln mi bnh

truc
bx
P
P =
n

Trong :
- P
bx
p lc ln mi bnh xe
- P
truc
sc chu ti ca mi trc
- n s bnh xe
Mi bnh xe c 1 din tch tip xc vi t nn :




bx
nen
P
P
n
s
Trong :
- P
nn
p lc cho php ca nn
- B tr trailer

Da vo khi lng, trng tm ca KC (TPSIDE). b tr trailer ta da trn
phng php cn bng momen :
Cn bng momen theo phng x. Ta c :
-
1 1
2 2 1 1 2
2
w .y
w .y = w .y w =
y

Trong :
- w1 khi lng kt cu ln group trailer 1
- w2 khi lng kt cu ln group trailer 2
- y1 cnh tay n t tm group trailer 1 n trng tm kt cu
- y2 - cnh tay n t tm group trailer 2 n trng tm kt cu
khi lng kt cu :
-
1
1 2 1
2
y
w + w = w w = w .(1+ )
y




- Trong : trong lng kt cu
Vy ta c ti trng mi group trailer bng :
2
1
1
w+ y
w =
y

1
2
2
w+ y
w =
y

- Tnh ton v kim tra cho dm trailer
Dm trailer l thit b truyn ti t KC xung trailer. N c tc dng phn u
ti trng xung cc bnh xe
Cng thc kim tra bn cho dm trailer:
max
P []
A n
s

Trong :
- Pmax : ti trng ln nht truyn xung dm
- A : din tch tip xc gia chn vi dm
- [o] :ng sut cho php ca thp lm dm, [o] = F
y

- n : h s an ton
- tnh ton sc chu ti ca nn t khi trailer i qua
cng thc kim tra:
[ ]
P
S
o o = s

Trong :
- P : trng lng h trailer + dm + KC truyn xung t
- S : tng din tip xc gia bnh xe trailer vi t
- [] : p lc cho php ca nn

3. H thy bng ko trt
Topside c h thy xung s lan bng cch ko trt trn ng trt
c ch to trc trn cu cng v BLR (tng t nh tu) vi dc nh
khng c dc. Topside c ko trt bi h thng ti v kch. Trn s lan,
ngi ta ng thi cng ch to ng trt tng hp vi ng trt trn




bi. Topside c a ti mp cng, tin hnh dn nc ng trt s lan
ngang bng mt cng, ko topside ln s lan. Trong sut qu trnh h thy, s
lan lin tc c dn nc m bo s cn bng gia ng trt trn s lan
v trn mt cng.
- u im: thi gian h thy ngn, khng yu cu thit b phc tp, chi ph t,
thch hp vi nhng cng trnh c kch thc, khi lng ln.
- Nhc im: - tnh ton cn bng s lan kh phc tp.
- thit k ng trt tn km

6.2. TM HIU QUY TRNH H THY JACKET BNG KO TRT
1. Gii thiu
Hin nay, phng php h thy cc cng trnh bin bng ko trt ang
c p dng rng ri trn th gii. y l phng php h thng dng cho
kt cu c ti trng ln. Vi c th ca khi chn l chiu di tip xc vi
nn t ln, bn cnh l yu cu v thi gian cng nh kinh ph xy dng
mt ng trt thng thng (ng trt b tng trn nn cc) l rt ln, do
phng n ng trt c a ra l ch to cc khi b tng xp st nhau
v t trc tip ln nn t.
2. Cng tc chun b
i vi mi cng tc thi cng ni chung v cng tc h thy ni ring th
giai on chun b rt quan trng v nh hng rt ln n s thnh cng ca
cng tc .
a) Khi s lan cp Cng, b phn an ton phi kim tra nng kh c hi
trong cc khoang ca s lan bng cc thit b chuyn dng.
b) S lan cp Cng c neo song song vi cu Cng, sau cc thit b
bm, ti neo phc v h thy c a ln s lan v lp t vo v tr
thit k.
c) Vi strand jacks cn thit k v hn b neo vo cc v tr vch cng v
dm cng trn s lan, cp c ct ng kch thc.Cao trnh ca im
neo trn s lan phi bng cao trnh ca Strand acks t trn chn .
ng dy cp ko phi song song vi ng trt.




d) Vi h thng dn nc, tt c cc bm phi c bo dng v kim tra
cn thn, lp t h thng bm v ng trn s lan.
e) Tt c cc thit b phc v cng tc h thy phi c a ti khong 2
tun trc khi h thy chy th. Tt c cc thit b khng lin quan
n cng tc h thy c di chuyn ra khi khu vc h thy.
f) Trong vng 4-5 ngy k t khi s lan cp Cng, strand jacks s c lp
t ln kt cu, ngun in c t ng v tr thit k v neo c c
nh vo b neo trn s lan.
g) Ba ngy trc khi h thy, h thng dy cp ca strand acks c lp
t, h thng bm dn nc v h thng neo ca s lan c kim tra ln
cui.

Hnh 4.15 Lp t Strand jack v cp ln khi chn .
h) Cng tc kim tra h thng bm c thc hin bng cch lun chuyn
cc bm trong sut mt chu k bit, thng l 15 pht, v o hiu s
mc nc trong cc khoang trong sut chu k . Vi kch thc cc
khoang bit trc d dng tnh c lu lng nc.
i) Tho d cc kt cu khi chn ( cc gi v cc lin kt khc ).
j) Lp t v iu chnh chiu cao ng trt trn cu cng sao cho mt
ng trt trn cu cng bng vi mt ng trt trn bi lp rp.
k) Sn sng cho cng tc h thy.




3. Thit k ng trt
a. Cu to khi b tng

Hnh 4.16 Chi tit cu t khi b tng

Hnh 4.17 Cc khi b tng c xy dng v xp thnh gi trt




b. Thng s s lan S45 vn chuyn acket v topside
S lan S45 do ch u t thu ca SAIPEM c cc thng s k thut nh
sau:
- Chiu di: 180 (m)
- Chiu rng: 42 (m)
- su: 11,5 (m)

Hnh 4.18 cng tc chun b ng trt trc khi h thy xung s lan
4. Thit k h thng ko trt
a. La chn thit b ko
Hin nay thit b ko trt ph bin l Strand ack. y l thit b kch
thy lc c chn da trn trng lng Khi chn v h s ma st. Ta
b tr Strand jack c trn jacket v trn s lan. 2 h thng strand jack ny
hot ng c lp, ngha l trong qu trnh h thy, vi trng hp nguy
him nht, strand jack trn jacket b hng th strand jack trn s lan vn
kh nng h thy KC.




Ta tnh ton lc ko cn thit cho mi Strand jack :
Theo tiu chun DnV - Rules for Planning and Execusion of Marines
Operations :
Lc ko :
F
s
=
s
(W + W
eq
) + P
s
F
dyn
=
dyn
(W + W
eq
) + P
dyn
Trong :
+ F
s
: Lc ko tnh (lc pht ng)
+ F
dyn
: Lc ko ng (lc ko cn thit khi khi chn di chuyn).
+
s
: H s ma st tnh, tra bng.
+
dyn
: H s ma st ng, tra bng
+ W : Trng lng khi chn
+ W
eq
: Trng lng thit b
P
s
v P
dyn
: cc ti trng khc (ti trng nh hng ca qun tnh, mi
trng, do cc mt nghing)
b. B tr strand jack
Strand ack c b tr trn acket nh sau:

Hnh 4.19 m hnh h thng k trt




5. Quy trnh h thy
a) Bm dn nc vo s lan n khi mt ng trt trn s lan bng vi
mt ng trt trn bi lp rp.
b) Pht ng khi chn chuyn ng bng h thng y t pha sau
chn , ng thi khi Strand ack cng cng ti. Theo kinh nghim,
lc pht ng l 5% mt ln cho ti khi lc t 20%
c) Nu lc pht ng 20% m kt cu vn cha di chuyn th dng li kim
tra v phn tch nguyn nhn a ra phng n c th.
d) Sau khi pht ng khi chn dch chuyn, lc ma st s gim xung,
theo kinh nghim, h s ma st khi ko trt ti a khong 12% khi
lng chn .
e) Qu trnh ko trt khi chn c chia thnh nhiu bc nh. Tc
di chuyn khong 20 m/h.
f) Trong qu trnh di chuyn khi chn c th dng li ch cho h
thng dn nc m bo cho s lan lun tip xc vi cu cng v mt
ng trt ca s lan lun bng mt ng trt ca bn
g) Qu trnh ko trt kt thc khi khi chn nm hon ton trn s lan.
Tin hnh seafastening 10% so vi thit k gia c cho iu kin vn
chuyn chn . Sau xoay s lan v cp s lan song song vi tuyn
bn.
h) Tho d cc thit b phc v h thy, iu chnh lng nc dn trong
cc khoang ca s lan bng thit b bm t ng ca s lan n mn
nc vn chuyn.
i) Seafastening khi chn trn s lan 100% v tho cc thit b phc v
thi cng h thy, sn sng lai dt ra v tr thi cng trn bin.
6. Cng tc qun l an ton trong h thy
a) Nhng ngi tham gia thi cng phi hc qua kha hc an ton, c cp
chng ch. Cc cng tc thi cng u cn c giy php lm vic.
b) Kim sot ngi ln, xung s lan. Nhng ngi lm vic trn s lan
cc khu vc nguy him phi mc o phao.
c) Cn phn tch, ngn nga ri ro ca cng vic vi cc ti trng c bit,
hoc s c ngu nhin d xy ra. ng thi ra cc gii php khc phc,
sn sng ng ph nu s c xy ra.




d) Cn kim tra thit b khi h thy: Strand Jacks, cp, b phn cung cp
nng lng, bm
e) Lun c b phn sn sng cho nhim v cu h khi xy ra hin tng mt
an ton.
f) Di chuyn ton b cc vt liu c tnh cht nguy him, d chy n ra khi
khu vc h thy.
6.3. TM HIU QUY TRNH H THY TOPSID BNG PHNG PHP
KO TRT
1. Gii thiu dm h thy
Dng 2 khung dm trt (DS), mi dm trt c 2 rnh trt song song
- Khong cch nh nht gia 2 tim trt trong l 19.286m
- Khong cch t tim chn gin ti tim mng trt trong l 1.357m
- Khong cch t tim chn gin ti tim mng trt ngoi l 5.963m
- Khu chn theo phng dc ng trt l 30m
- Khu chn theo phng ngang ng trt l 22m
- Khong cch chn trong v chn ngoi l 13m
- Khong cch gia 2 tim mng trt ca 1 dm DSF l 7.32m
- Khi lng 1 dm DSF l 800T

Hnh 4.21 dm h thy topside PQP - HT
2. H thng ko trt
Strand jacks l thit b ko s dng h thng thy lc v cp i chuyn
mt vt nng theo phng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Cu to c bn ca




strand jack gm 01 xilanh (c nh) v 01 pittng (chuyn ng), c xi lanh
v pit tng u c b phn kp cp.
C ch hot ng ca Strand ack nh sau:
Trong mt chu trnh, u tin b phn kp cp ca xilanh m ra, pittng
kp cp, sau du thy lc c bm vo, pittng chuyn ng v pha sau
y khi chn di chuyn v pha trc. Sau khi pittng chuyn ng ht
v pha sau th pittng nh cp v xi lanh kp cp, pittng di chuyn v pha
trc. Sau pittng li kp cp, xi lanh nh cp v bt u mt chu trnh
mi.C nhiu loi strand jacks vi sc ko khc nhau nh strand ack 15t,
strand jack 185t, strand jack 294t, strand jack 418t, strand jack 588t, strand
ack 1022t. Dy cp dng cho strand acks c ng knh 18mm v lc ko
t 380kN.
3. Quy trnh h thy
- Bm dn nc vo s lan n khi mt ng trt trn s lan bng vi
mt ng trt trn bi lp rp.
- Pht ng h topside v dm h thy chuyn ng bng h thng
Strand Jack. Theo kinh nghim, lc pht ng ti a khong 20%
trng lng topside.
- Sau khi pht ng topside dch chuyn, lc ma st s gim xung, theo
kinh nghim, h s ma st khi ko trt ti a khong 12% khi lng
topside.
- Qu trnh ko trt c chia thnh nhiu bc nh
- Trong qu trnh di chuyn h topside + dm h thy c th dng li
ch cho h thng dn nc m bo cho s lan lun tip xc vi cu
cng v mt s lan bng mt cng ( mc chnh lch ti a gia mt
s lan v mt cng l 25mm).
- Qu trnh ko trt kt thc khi topside nm hon ton trn s lan.
Tin hnh seafastening 10% so vi thit k gia c cho iu kin vn
chuyn. Sau xoay s lan v cp s lan song song vi tuyn bn.
- Tho d cc thit b phc v h thy, iu chnh lng nc dn trong
cc khoang ca s lan bng thit b bm t ng ca s lan n mn
nc vn chuyn.
- seafastening topside trn s lan 100% v tho cc thit b phc v thi
cng h thy, sn sng lai dt ra v tr thi cng trn bin




4. Cc bi ton lin quan khi h thy bng ko trt
- Thit k h thng ng trt, p lc nn ln ng trt
- Thit k h thng dm h thy
- Tnh ton n nh sa lan bao gm :
+ tnh dn nc cho sa lan dm bo mt ng trt trn sa lan
lun bng mt ng trt trn b
+ tnh ton bn cho sa lan khi mi nhn ti v sau khi khi thng tng
nm v tr thit k trn s lan
+ kim tra n nh lt cho s lan
+ tnh bn cho tr neo trn s lan
- tnh lc cng cp khi ko trt
- kh nng lm vic cn thit ca kch
- H thng ti cp neo gi sa lan




CHNG 5 GII THIU MT S TIU CHUN P DNG

Hin nay c rt nhiu tiu chun v thit k cng trnh bin ang c p dng trn
th gii. Trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng cng ty PTSC M&C thng s dng mt
s tiu chun sau :
1. API(American Petrolium Institute)
Tiu chun u tin c ra mt vo nm 1924, n nay API c khong 500
tiu chun bao gm tt c cc lnh vc lin quan n cng nghip du kh. V ngy
nay Tiu chun API chnh thc ton cu ha, thng qua cc hot ng lin quan
n cc t chc quc t v s thng nht tiu chun v cc lnh vc mang tnh ton
cu khc.
API l Vin tiu chun quc gia Hoa K (ANSI) c tha nhn l t chc pht
trin tiu chun, v ng dng vi s chng thc php l v nm di s kim sot
quy trnh ca n. API a ra cc tiu chun, khuyn co thc t, s ch dn, cc quy
tc v cng ngh ang p dng, s d bo v cc nghin cu bao hm ton b cc
lnh vc cng nghip. Tiu chun API cao s s dng an ton, cc thit b c kh
nng thay th, v s vn hnh c tha nhn, thc hin tt vic thit k thc t
cng lm gim gi thnh cng trnh. V trong mi lin h vi cc quy trnh cht
lng ca API, rt nhiu tiu chun tch hp trong nhng chng trnh chng nhn
quy trnh.
2. DNV(Det Norske Veritas)
a ra cc quy tc v hng dn cho s phn loi tu thy, cng trnh bin ni,
v cc loi cng trnh di ng trn bin khc. ng thi cng a ra cc quy tc v
tiu chun cho phn loi (classcification), ng kim (certification), thm nh
(verification) cho vic lp dng cng trnh bin. DNV c ng dng hn 130 quc
gia c bin trn th gii.
DNV cng tc vi khch hng trong vic nhn bit (identifying), phn
loi(classifying) v x l (controlling) cc ri do. DNV cung cp 3 lnh vc
kim sot cc mi nguy hi ti offshore l : Phn loi, ng kim, v t vn.




Tiu chun DNV a ra nhng hng dn cho ch u t, ngi vn hnh, cc
loi cng trnh bin mt cch an ton, ng quy nh, v trnh s lp li trong cng
vic. Nhng quy nh ca cng trnh bin v yu cu thit k, xy dng v vn
hnh cng trnh bin mt cch an ton hp vi thc t.
DVN s dng nhng d liu st thc vi thc t cho cng tc khai thc du v
kh, thit k, duy tr(remaintance), v hon thin tiu chun(standard devolopment).
DVN tip tc pht trin nhng lnh vc, hng dn, v nhng quy tc mi da
trn s m rng lin kt trong cng nghip(extensive industry collaboration), cng
tc t vn v nghin cu cc hot ng. Cng nh nhng ti liu a ra, chng
s t ng kt hp trong tp th hp chung(be incorporated into the collection).
3. AWS (American Welding Society)
AWS a ra hn 300 quyn sch, th, videos, m hnh, bo co, phn mm v
160 khuyn co thc hnh, ch dn di s gim st cht ch ca vin tiu chn
Hoa K (American National Standards Institute ANSI). Mt trong s cc tiu
chun ph bin nht l D1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel, hin ang c p
dng trong thit k, thi cng v kim tra mi hn ca cng trnh bin bng thp.
B tiu chun phc v tnh ton kt cu bao gm:
a. D1.1/D1.1M:2008, Structural Welding Code Steel
Dng cho mi ngi, bao gm k s hn, ngi ch to, th lp rp, kim tra
Phin bn D1.1 mi gii thch r rng cho vic thit k, quy trnh, cht lng, ch
to, kim tra v sa cha ng, bn v cc kt cu tnh hoc ng sut tun hon. D1.1
bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- Thit k cc lin kt hn dng ng v khng phi dng ng.
- Thm nh cc quy trnh hn.
- Kim tra cc quy trnh v nhn lc mi.
- Cch thc ch to, bao gm cc kim loi c bn, nng chy v cc sai s cho
php.
- Kim tra cch thc v cc nguyn tc chp nhn cho cc h thng kim tra
khc nhau.
- Thit k cc mi hn inh tn, sn xut v cch thc kim tra.
- Gia c v sa cha cc cng trnh c sn




b. D1.2/D1.2M:2008, Structural Welding Code Alumium
Cch thc hn cho cc loi kt cu hp kim ca nhm, tr cc bnh p lc bng
nhm v cc ng ng cha cht d chy. Bao gm cc phn trong thit k ng
hn lin kt, quy trnh v thc hin cng tc kim tra, ch to, kim sot, mi hn
inh tn, gia c v sa cha cc kt cu sn c.
c. D1.3/D1.3M:2008, Structural Welding Code Sheet Steel
Hn in cho cc kt cu bn/di thp, bao gm cc dng thp ngui, chiu dy danh
nh bng hoc hn 3/16 in. (0.188in./4.8mm). p dng cho vic hn cc loi thp
c hm lng cacbon thp cn nng v cn ngui, c hoc khng c lp bc km,
cho cc loi kt cu thp tm hoc cc kt cu . Ba dng hn dng cho thp tm
bao gm hn im hn i u v hn nt.
d. D1.4/D1.4M:2005, Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel
Trnh by v hn ct thp trong cc cu kin b tng ct thp, bao gm ng sut cho
php, chi tit kt cu, cc yu cu v cht lng thi cng, k thut, quy trnh v cng
tc kim tra. Cc hnh v minh ha cho cc mi hn quan trng: cc ng hn
khng t yu cu, kch thc ng hn hiu qu, chi tit ni ti v tr neo, bn ,
chi tit m.
e. D1.5M/D1.5:2008, Bridge Welding Code
Cung cp cc d liu v yu cu cho xy dng cu vi thp carbon v hp kim thp.
f. D1.6/D1.6M:2007, Structural Welding Code Stainless Steel
cp n cc yu cu v hn cu kin thp khng g (tr cc bnh hoc ng chu
p lc) s dng phng php hn MAW, SMAW, CAW, SAW v Stud elding
(hn inh tn).
g. D1.7/D1.7M:2009, Guide for Strengthening and Repairing Existing Structures
Ch dn v gia c v sa cha cc kt cu c sn.
h. D1.8/D1.8M:2009, Structural Welding Code Seismic Supplement
B sung cho phn AWS D1.1
i. D1.9/D1.9M:2007, Structural Welding Code Titanium
cp n vic thit k, hn, kim tra cc kt cu titanium.
4. AISC(America Institute of Steel Construction)
L quy phm do Vin kt cu thp Hoa K AISC (American Institute of Steel
Construction) ban hnh nm 1989 hng dn v quy nh thit k nh thp theo
phng php ng sut cho php. Tiu chun ny, p dng cho 16 loi thp theo tiu
chun vt liu M c cng ko t 32 kN/cm
2
n 57 kN/cm
2
. Quy phm ny s




dng h s an ton S 1,67 ngha l ng sut cho php ng sut chy ca vt liu
chia cho h s an ton S
y
/1,67 = 0,6 F
y
cho dm v cu kin chu ko.

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