TTQ1 Chuong 1

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
BI GING
K THUT THNG TIN QUANG

Fundamental of Optical Fiber Communications
Ging vin: B mn: Email:
Th.S Vn Vit Em Th.S Phm Quc Hp Thng g Tin Q Quang g Khoa Vin thng g2 emdvv@ptit.edu.vn, pqhop@ptithcm.edu.vn
K THUT THNG TIN QUANG

CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V K THUT THNG TIN QUANG
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GING VIN: VN VIT EM - PHM QUC HP B MN: THNG TIN QUANG KHOA VIN THNG 2
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NI DUNG CHNG 1
Lch s pht trin M hnh chung ca h thng TTQ Mt s vn v quang vt l trong TTQ
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Lch S Pht Trin

1790: Claude Chappe (Php)
in bo quang 200km trong vng 15 pht
1870: John Tyndall (Anh)

Chng minh nh sng c th dn theo vi nc b un cong
nh lut phn x ton phn
1880: Alexander Graham Bell (M)

Photophone: khng thnh cng
Cn phi c mt mi trng dn nh sng thch hp
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Lch S Pht Trin

1934: Norman R.French (M)
Nhn bng sng ch v h thng thng tin quang Dng thanh thy tinh truyn nh sng
Mi trng truyn nh sng thch hp
1958: 1958 A. A Schawlow S h l v Charles Ch l H.Townes HT (M)

Xy dng v pht trin laser ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc: y hc, c qun s
Ngun quang dng trong thng tin quang
1966: Charles H.Kao H Kao v George A A. Hockham (M)

Dng si thy tinh truyn dn nh sng Suy hao ln ( > 1000dB/km)
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Lch S Pht Trin

1970: Hng Corning Glass Work (M)
Ch to si SI c suy hao < 20dB/km, ti =633nm
Thng tin quang ra i
1972: Si GI c ch to c suy hao 4 dB/km 1983: Si n mode (SM) c ch to

Si quang SM c s dng ph bin ngy nay c suy hao ~0.2 0 2 dB/km ti =1550nm
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M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

S khi c bn, gm c:
B pht quang (E/O) B thu quang (O/E) Mi trng truyn dn l cp si quang.
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Chc nng chnh cc khi
Khi E/O: iu ch tn hiu in thnh tn hiu quang Khi O/E: tch tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in. Cp si quang: mi trng truyn dn tn hiu quang t u pht n u thu. thu
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Trm lp (repeater)
Khuch i tn hiu b suy yu do suy hao trn si quang Trm lp lm vic theo nguyn ly: quang in quang (O E O)
N Ngoi i ra, khu kh ch h i tn t hiu quang cn c th s dng cc b khuch i quang (Optical Amplifier). B khuch i quang lm vic trong min quang.
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Nguyn tc truyn tin:
Tn hiu truyn c tn s trong min quang. C th truyn hai hng trn mt si quang. Thng thng s dng 2 si quang cho mt tuyn va ch truyn mt hng trn 1 si quang.
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u im ca h thng TTQ:
Suy hao thp Di thng rng Trng lng nh, kch thc nh H ton Hon t cch h in Khng b can nhiu ca trng in t Xuyn m gia cc si quang khng ng k Tnh bo mt cao Vt liu ch to c nhiu trong g t nhin
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Nhc im ca h thng TTQ:
Vn bin i quang in. Hn ni, o th si quang i hi thit b chuyn dng t tin. An ton lao ng. ng
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Mt S Vn V Quang Vt L
Cc khi nim chung:
Tn s:
K hiu: f n v: Hz (Hertz), hay cps (cycle per second)
Theo thi gian: T - chu k (s), f = 1/T - tn s (Hz)
A T A
t(s)
z (m)
(a)
(b)
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Cc khi nim chung (tt):
Bc sng:
K hiu: n v: m Theo khng gian: - bc sng (m)
A T A
C f
t(s)
z (m)
(a) ( )
(b)
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nh sng c hai tnh cht:
Tnh cht sng: nh sng l sng in t Tnh cht ht: nh sng bao gm nhiu ht photon c nng lng E
E = hf hay
E= 1,24 (eV) (m )
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Ph sng in t:
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Ph sng in t (tt):
nh sng thy c chim di ph t 380nm (tm) n 780 780nm () nh sng dng trong thng tin quang nm trong vng cn hng ngoi (near-infrared) (800nm-1600nm)
khng thy c
3 vng bc sng (ca s bc sng) c s dng trong thng tin quang: 850 nm, nm 1300 nm v 1550 nm
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Mt s nh lut quang c bn:
Chit sut ca mi trng: n = C/v
C: vn tc nh sng trong chn khng, C = 3.108 m/s v: vn tc nh sng trong mi trng ang xt
Chit sut ca mt vi mi trng thng dng:

Khng kh: Nc: Thy tinh: n = 1,00029 1,0 n = 4/3 1,33 1 33 n = 1,48
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Mt s nh lut quang c bn (tt):
nh lut phn x nh sng:
Tia phn x nm trong mt phng ti Gc phn x bng gc ti (1' = 1)
Tia phn x Tia ti
1 1 '
n1 n2
2
Mi trng 1 Mi trng 2
Tia khc x
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nh lut khc x nh sng:
Tia khc x nm trong mt phng ti. Gc khc x v gc ti lin h nhau theo cng thc Snell:
n1sin1 = n2sin2
Tia phn x Tia ti
1 1 '
n1 n2
2
Mi trng 1 Mi trng 2
Tia khc x
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Phn x ton phn (total reflection):
Ton b tia ti quay tr li mi trng ti. iu kin xy ra phn x ton phn:
n1 > n2 1 > c
c l gc gi ii hn; sin i c = n2 / n1
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Khi xy ra hin tng pxtp, nng lng nh sng c bo ton theo h h ng truyn
ng dng trong ch to si quang v truyn nh
sng qua si quang
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TTQ1 Chuong 1

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

K THUT THNG TIN QUANG

Ging vin: B mn: Email:

K THUT THNG TIN QUANG

TNG QUAN V K THUT THNG TIN QUANG

Lch S Pht Trin

1870: John Tyndall (Anh)

nh lut phn x ton phn

1880: Alexander Graham Bell (M)

Cn phi c mt mi trng dn nh sng thch hp

Lch S Pht Trin

Mi trng truyn nh sng thch hp

1958: 1958 A. A Schawlow S h l v Charles Ch l H.Townes HT (M)

Ngun quang dng trong thng tin quang

1966: Charles H.Kao H Kao v George A A. Hockham (M)

Lch S Pht Trin

Thng tin quang ra i

1972: Si GI c ch to c suy hao 4 dB/km 1983: Si n mode (SM) c ch to

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

M Hnh Chung Ca H Thng TTQ

Chit sut ca mt vi mi trng thng dng:

sng qua si quang

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