3.1.6 Well use the -complex structures and notation from p.102 of Hatcher. a.

We have the following simplicial chain complex for T 2 :

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 Z U, L

Z a, b, c Z v 0
1 1 1 1 1 1

After dualizing (and taking the transpose of all matrices), we obtain:

0 Z Z3

Z2 0

so that H 0 (T 2 , Z) = Z, H 1 (T 2 , Z) = Z2 , H 2 (T 2 , Z) = Z and H k (T 2 , Z) = 0 otherwise. With Z2 -coecients, we get the same cochain complex, with Z replaced by Z 2 and noting that now 1 = 1:

0 Z2 Z2 a, b, c

1 1

1 1

1 1

Z2 v 0

2 2 k 2 so that H 0 (T 2 , Z2 ) = Z2 , H 1 (T 2 , Z2 ) = Z2 2 , H (T , Z2 ) = Z2 and H (T , Z2 ) = 0 otherwise. b. For X = RP 2 with Z-coecients, we have the following simplicial chain complex: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0

0 Z U, L After dualizing we obtain:

Z a, b, c

Z v, w 0

0 Z2

1 1 1 1 0 0

Z3

1 1 1 1 1 1

Z2 0

so we get H 0 (RP 2 , Z) = Z, H 2 (RP 2 , Z) = Z2 , and H k (RP 2 , Z) = 0 otherwise. With Z2 coeecients, we get the cochain complex
111 3 (1 1 1) 2 0 Z2 Z 2 2 Z2 0 11 11 00

so we get H k (RP 2 , Z2 ) = Z2 for k = 0, 1, 2 and 0 otherwise. c. For the Klein bottle K with Z-coecients, the simplicial chain complex is

0 Z U, L After dualizing, we obtain:

1 1 1 1 1 1

Z a, b, c Z v 0
1 1 1 1 1 1

0 Z Z3

Z2 0.

so we get H 0 (K, Z) = Z, H 1 (K, Z) = Z, H 2 (K, Z) = Z2 and H k (K, Z) = 0 otherwise. For the case of Z2 -coecients, note that we get a cochain complex identical to the on for the torus, so the cohomology groups will be the same, namely, H 0 (K ; Z2 ) = Z2 , H 1 (K ; Z2 ) = Z2 Z2 , H 2 (K ; Z2 ) = Z2 and H k (K ; Z2 ) = 0 otherwise.