Bao Cao Tong Hop Ve Cong Ty Giay Bai Bang

Mc lc
PHN III: KT
LUN............................................................................................99.............2
Trng HBK-HN
Lp CN giy-xenluloza-K45 ...................1
PHN I: M U........................................................................................3
I. Tm quan trng ca ngnh giy: ........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................33
II. Lch s pht trin ca cng ty giy Bi Bng:
Bng:...................................................................................
...................................................................................33
PHN II: NH MY GIY BI BNG...................................................6

A. Phn xng nguyn liu:.......................................6
I. Gii thiu nguyn liu sn xut giy:
giy:..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................66
II. Yu cu v nguyn liu:
liu:....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................88
III. S dy chuyn tuyn g:
g:.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................10
10
* Thuyt minh dy chuyn tuyn g:
g:......................................................................................
......................................................................................11
11
IV. S dy chuyn tuyn tre na:
na:..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................12
12
*.Thuyt minh s tuyn tre na:
na:............................................................................................
............................................................................................13
13
V. Thit b:
b:...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................13
13
VI. Cc s c th
thng
ng gp trong qu trnh vn hnh:
hnh:............................................................................
............................................................................18
18
B. Phn xng bt:.................................................22

I. S dy chuyn cng phn xxng
ng nu bt:
bt:...................................................................................
...................................................................................22
22
II. Thuyt minh dy chuyn phn xxng
ng bt:
bt:......................................................................................
......................................................................................23
23
III. Nu bt:
bt:............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................28
28
1. Mc ch:
ch:...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................28
28
2. Ph
Phng
ng php nu: ......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................28
28
3. iu kin nu: ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................29
29
4. Cc yu t nh hhng
ng n qu trnh nu.
nu.................................................................................
................................................................................29
29
5. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................34
34
6. Thit b:
b:...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................41
41
IV. Ra bt:
bt:...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................45
45
1. Mc ch: ..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................45
45
2. Cc ph
phng
ng php ra:
ra:..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................45
45
3. iu kin ca qu trnh ra:
ra:....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................46
46
4. Cc yu t nh hhng
ng n qu trnh ra:
ra:................................................................................
................................................................................47
47
5. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................48
48
6. Thit b:
b:..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................50
50
V. Sng, lm sch bt v tch lignin bng oxy:
oxy:..................................................................................
..................................................................................55
55
1. Mc ch ca qu trnh:
trnh:.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................55
55
2. iu kin k thut:
thut:...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................56
56
3. Cc yu t nh hhng
ng ti qu trnh sng:
sng:...................................................................................
...................................................................................57
57
4. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................58
58
5. Thit b:
b:..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................62
62
I.....................................................................................................................65
VI. Ty bt:
bt:............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................68
68
Tr
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ng HBK-HN
K45
Lp CN giy-xenluloza- 1
2. iu kin:
kin:................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................68
68
3. Cc yu t nh hhng
ng ti qu trnh ty:
ty:......................................................................................
......................................................................................69
69
4. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................70
70
5. Thit b:
b:...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................72
72
C. Phn xng giy:.................................................77

I. S dy chuyn cng ngh:
ngh:.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................77
77
II. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn phn xxng
ng giy:
giy:.........................................................................
.........................................................................78
78
1. H thng: chun b bt v my xeo 2( PM2):
PM2):.........................................................................
.........................................................................78
78
PM1):.........................................................................
.........................................................................80
80
III. H thng chun b bt:
bt:...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................80
80
1. Mc ch:
ch:................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................80
80
2. iu kin k thut:
thut:..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................80
80
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................80
80
IV. Lm sch bt v xeo giy:
giy:...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................85
85
1. Mc ch:
ch:................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................85
85
2. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................85
85
D. Phn xng thu hi:...........................................96

ngh:.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................96
96
II. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn phn xxng
ng thu hi:
hi:.....................................................................
.....................................................................97
97
III. Cng on ch
chng
ng bc dch en: .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................99
99
1. Mc ch: ...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................99
99
2. iu kin k thut:
thut:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................100
100
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................101
101
4. Thit b:
b:.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................102
102
IV. Cng on t dch en:
en:.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................112
112
V. Cng on xt ho:
ho:..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................114
114
1. Mc ch:
ch:..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................114
114
2. iu kin k thut:
thut:................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................114
114
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:
ngh:..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................114
114
5. Cc yu t nh hhng
ng n qu trnh vn hnh v cc s c: ................................................
................................................115
115
6. Thit b:
b:.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................116
116
PHN III: KT LUN............................................................................................99
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ng HBK-HN
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PHN I: M U
I. Tm quan trng ca ngnh giy:
Nghnh giy c vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t quc
dn, n quyt nh nn vn minh ca t nc ni ring v
ca ton nhn loi ni chung. Giy ng vai tr rt quan
trng v gp phn thc y cc nn kinh t khc pht
trin. Nhn loi mun pht trin th cc thnh tu khoa
hc, cc thng tin vn ho phi c truyn t rng ri. Do
vy m nhu cu s dng giy ngy cng tng. Ngy nay,
giy c s dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc: Cng nghip,
gio dc, sch gio khoa, v vit cho hc sinh, sch bo
tranh nh. Hng nm giy cng em li ngun li ng k
cho nn kinh t quc dn. nc ta s dng giy cn thp
do nn kinh t cn km, cc nc pht trin ngoi s dng
giy cho nn vn ho, giy cn s dng cho nn quc
phng, trong y t, trong nghnh cng nghip giy chng
m, s dng giy trong xy dng trong sinh hot hng
ngy. Nay ang c pht trin. Do vy m nhu cu s dng
gi trong cc ngnh cng rt cn thit, n cn c quan
tm pht trin.
Tm li nghnh giy gi mt v tr quan trng trong
nn kinh t cng nh nn vn minh ca nhn loi.
II. Lch s pht trin ca cng ty giy Bi Bng:

Cng ty giy bi bng l cng trnh hu ngh Vit Nam v
Thy in c xy dng 1974 v c khnh thnh vo ngy
26-11-1982 v chnh thc sn xut hn 22 nm. Ngy
31-8-1982 nh my sn xut ra bng chnh nguyn liu
trong nc chm dt c bn s u t v m ra mt giai on
mi.
Ngy26-11-1982 nh my sn xut ra in v sn xut
ra cun giy u tin.
B cng nghip nh t chc khnh thnh vi s i din
ca chnh ph CHXHCN Vit Nam v Vng quc Thu in,
cc cng ty xy dng trong v ngoi nc cng vi cc chuyn
gia nc ngoi v cng nhn Vit Nam. Ngy 26-11-1982 tr
thnh mt ngy ng nh n kt thc 8 nm xy dng v
m ra mt giai on mi sau mt thi gian di di s ch
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ng HBK-HN
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o sng sut ca ban lnh o cng ty vi s quan tm ca

nh nc vi tm lng hng say ca nhn vin cn b nh
my t c nhng thnh tu ng k, nhn vo biu
ta thy mc sn lng tng dn nhng nhp iu khng
u.
- 1982 t 71% k hoch.
- 1983 t 58% k hoch.
- 1984 t 100% k hoch.
- 1986 vt mc k hoch l 1,6% ln u tin xut khu 300
tn giy sang Singapo sn lng cao nht trong ngy 244 tn
giy nhp kho c thng ln ti 48 nghn tn v trong 2 nm
1989-1990 cng ty nng sn lng ln 30,293 tn trong
xut khu 16300 tn, nm 1991 vi mc k hoch l 38
nghn tn v n nm 2001 nh my giy Bi Bng t 72
nghn tn sn lng. n nm 2004 nng cp dy
chuyn cng ngh mi nng sut t 85 nghn tn/nm.
Giy ca nh my c xut khu v tiu th rng ri trong
phm vi rng ri v nc ngoi thu li ngun li cho nn kinh t
quc dn v ng gp cho ngn hng nh nc ngun ngoi
t ng k, t i sng ca cn b cng nhn ngy
cng c ci thin v cng c nng cao.
*Cc sn phm ca cng ty giy Bi Bng:
Giy cun: - nh lng: 584100(g/m2)
- trng : /78 0ISO
- cun
: 904100 cm
- li
: 7.6 cm
- Bao gi
: 344 lp giy kraft
Giy photocopy: - Kh t A44A0, 500 t/ram
- Bao gi
: 1 lp giy kraft
- nh lng: 70; 80(g/m2)
- trng : /88 0ISO
Giy v k ngang: - nh lng: 58(g/m2)
- Kh
: 21,5 3 16,5 cm, loi
48 v 96
trang
- Bao gi
: 10(12) quyn/hp.
Giy tissne: Khn b ti, khn lau mt, khn n.
Tr
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ng HBK-HN
K45
Giy toilet:
nh lng: 1461 (g/m2)

trng : /80 0ISO
S lp
: 243
nhn : 20425%
m
: 861%
- nh lng: 1661 (g/m2)

- trng : /75 0ISO
- S lp
: 142
- nhn : 20425%
- m
: 861%
* Cng ty giy Bi Bng gm c:

1. Khu hnh chnh s nghip.
2. Nh my giy Bi Bng: - Phn xng nguyn liu.
- Phn xng bt.
- Phn xng giy.
- Phn xng thu hi.
2. Nh my ho cht.
3. Nh my giy Cu ung.
4. Nh my in.
5. Cc lm trng trc thuc ng ti: Ph Th, Tuyn
Quang, H Giang, Yn Bi
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PHN II: NH MY GIY BI BNG
A. Phn x
xng
ng nguyn liu:
I. Gii thiu nguyn liu sn xut giy:
Nguyn liu sn xut giy ch yu t thc vt rt nh: g l

rng, g l kim, h thn tho, h tre na
Thnh phn ho hc c trong thc vt: Cenluloza,
hemicenlulza, lignin v hp cht trch ly.
1. Xenluloza: Xenluloza l mt cacbonhyrat, trong phn
t c cc nguyn t: C, H, O. N cng l mt polysacarit bao
gm nhiu n v
ng.
ng.
Cng thc ho hc ca xenluloza l: ( C 6H10O5). Trong n
l s n v
ng
ng lp li hay cn gi l trng hp.
Xenluloza
c
c chia thnh: - xenluloza, - xenluloza, xenluloza.
V thnh phn ho hc th n v mt xch ca
xenluloza l anhyroanhyro- -D glucopyzanoza. Gi tt l Dglucoza. Cc n v mt xch trong phn t xenluloza lin
kt vi nhau nh lin kt glucozit: - glucozit.
C mi phn t xeluloza c mt mt xch cui cng c
nhm cacbonyl
(- CHO), s c m ca nhm ny l ngun gc
xenluloza d b thu phn trong mi tr
trng
ng kim.
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Vi si xenluloza gm c 2 vng: vng tinh th v vng v

nh hnh. Ni m cc phn t hp kht vi nhau qua mt
on di th vng kt tinh pht trin, n gy kh khn cho
s thm thu dch nu. Cn ng
ngc
c li ta c vng v nh
hnh, vng ny d b thm thu nn d xy ra cc phn
ng thu phn.
2. Hemixenluloza: Hemixenluloza l mt hp cht ca mt s
loi plysacarit, khi thu phn, ch yu to ra mt s ng
phn lp th thuc pentoza v hecxoza.
Trong thc vt, hemixenluloza v xenluloza to nn thnh t
bo. N c tnh cht vt l v ho hc ging xenluloza, nh
nh-ng c c im khc l: mch ngn, nhiu nhnh,
dng ch yu l copolyme. Hemixenluloza trong g gm hai
phn: phn d ho tan v phn kh ho tan( ch yu nm
trong vng tinh th ca xenluloza). Phn kh ho tan gi l
phn xenlozan.
Cc hp cht thuc hmxenluloza c th chia thnh 2 nhm:
- Nhm trung tnh: ch cha nhm OH, mang tinh rr-u( pentoza, hexoza).
- Nhm axit: cha thm nhm COOH, ( axit polyuronic).
Hm llng
ng hemixenluloza trong g l khc nhau:
- G l kim( g mm): 5-13% pentoza, 8-14% hexoza.
- G l rng( g cng): 7-25% pentoza, 1-6% hexoza.
Pentoza km bn d b phn hu nn hiu sut g l kim
cao hn g l rng.
Hemixenluloza l polyme ca 5 phn t ung khc nhau:
- Hexoza: gluco, mannoza, galatoza.
- Pentoza: xyloza, arabinoza.
S c mt ca hemixenluloza trong bt lm tng hiu sut,
bn c l ca giy v tt cho qu trnh nghin do n a
nc lm tng kh nng trung n khi nghin. Do , cn
gi li cng nhiu hemixenluloza c gi tr cng tt.
3. Lignin: L mt hp cht trng hp cao, v nh hnh. Vai
tr ca n l hnh thnh phin mng gi
gia
a lin kt cc b
x xi vi nhau, khi sn xut bt ho hc th phi ph v lin
kt lignin gii phng x xi xenluloza .
Trong thc vt hm llng
ng lignin l khc nhau:
- G l kim( g mm): 20-30%
- G l rng( g cng): 18-22%
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Lignin cng vi hemxenluloza v xenluloza to nn thnh t

bo g. S c mt ca lignin trong bt lm cho bt c mu
nu nn cn phi loi b khi sn xut giy c trng.
4.Cht trch ly: Gm c du thm, axt nha( g mm),
axit bo, phenol, cc cht khng x phng ho. S c mt
ca cht trch ly gy nh h
hng
ng xu n qu trnh sn
xut bt ho hc: tiu tn ho cht cho qu trng nu, ty,
to bt gy kh khn cho qu trnh ch
ch
ng bc thu hi
kim. Do , cn phi loi b.
II. Yu cu v nguyn liu:
1. Tre na:
Chng loi: Tt c cc loi tre na.
Kch thc mnh hp cch:
- Di( theo chiu dc cy)
: 2025mm
- Rng( theo chiu ngang ca cy) : 1045mm
- Dy
: 28mm
Mc hp cch:
- T l mnh hp cch : / 85%
- T l ln hn hp cch nhng khng di hn
100mm, khng rng hn 60mm, khng dy hn 8mm: [
5%
- T l mnh nh hn hp cch: [ 15%
Mt s tiu chun khc:
- Khng c mu mt i vi cc loi tre cng nh:
tre gai, tre
hp, tre lc ngc, tre ng
- Khng mc i, mi mt, khng phi tre ngm
dng cho xy
dng.
- Phi sch s khng ln ct si, t , than bi,
mn ca.
- Phi c ra sch s.
- m tiu chun tnh ton: 50%
2. G :
Chng loi: G b , g m, g bch n( g bch
n ch dng hai loi Camaldulensis v Urophillia) v
g keo( keo tai tng v keo l chm).
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tui: G dng cht mnh phi t t 7 tui

tr ln.
Kch thc mnh hp cch:
- Di( theo chiu dc cy)
: 2035mm
- Rng( theo chiu ngang ca cy) : 25 35mm
- Dy
: 38mm
Mc hp cch:
- T l mnh hp cch : / 85%
- T l ln hn hp cch nhng khng di hn
80mm, khng rng hn 60mm, khng dy hn 10mm:
[15%
- T l mnh nh hn hp cch: [ 5%
Mt s tiu chun khc:
- Phi sch s khng ln ct si, t , than bi,
mn ca, khng
ln cc loi g khc, khng ngm nc tng m
v lm gim
cht lng ca mnh.
- m tiu chun tnh ton: 50%
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III. S dy chuyn tuyn g:

Nc
ra
G
Bn bc
Ev332
Bn tch
Ev333
Bng ti
Ev334
Con ln
Ev335
Nc
Thng bc v
DP 920
Con ln
Ev336
My cht
li
Nc ra My d
kim
Mnh
khng
hp
cch
loi
Con ln
Ev337,
338
Mnh mn
Sng
Cs931
Bung lm
u Ev926
My cht
Cr913
Bng ti
Ev340
Mnh hp
Bng ti
Ev321
Bi cha
cch
Bi cha
Tr
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Lp CN giy-xenluloza-10
Thuyt minh dy chuyn tuyn g:
- G t bi cha c a vo bn bc Ev332 nh cc xch ti

a g ti bn tch Ev333 v ng thi dng vi nc ra
sch v to nht cho g di chuyn. Mc ch ca
bn tch ny tch g ra theo hng song song trnh hin tng
g b kt, y c cng tc iu chnh cc mc xch
y. G c ri xung bng ti Ev334 c a i nh con
ln Ev335(A,B,C,D) y nh 4 mt quay tc tng
dn, g tip tc i vo thng bc v DP920 nh 4 bm thu
lc, bm nc nng thng ln 50, mc ch g bc v xong t
chy ra ngoi. Thng bc v dng m t 1 chiu, vn tc t
7- 8 vng/pht. G trong thng t va p vo nhau, g va
p vo cc gh hnh thang t lm cho g t bc v, cc v
c thot ra ngoi qua cc rnh ri xung bng ti Ev339
chuyn i ni khc. Ti y c h thng lin ng gia
thng bc v v bng ti Ev339. Nu bng ti Ev339 khng
chy th thng bc v s dng. Cn g ra khi thng bc v
dng vi nc ra sch v to nht d dng i trn con
ln Ev336 v i qua con ln Ev337, ti y i qua b phn
d kim loi. Nu g ln kim loi my t pht hin v ht ra
ngoi, g tip tc di chuyn nh con ln Ev338. Ti y ngi ta dng vi nc phun ra, g i vo my cht Cr913. My
cht gm 8 li dao, khong cch gia dao bay v dao t
0,6 - 0,9mm, dng 8 cnh qut to p lc a mnh ln bung
lm u Eb926. Mnh t bung lm u ri xung sng
Cs93, trn sng c hnh chp mc ch mnh ri u
trn 8 cnh sng. Nh s rung ng ca sng mnh hp cch
ri xung y sng nh bng ti Ev321 a ra bi cha. Cn
mnh qu c c a qua my cht li, mnh sau khi cht li
c thi ln bung lm u, v c a v sng. Cn
mnh mn nh nh bng ti Ev340 a ra ngoi bi cha mn.
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IV. S dy chuyn tuyn tre na:

kim My d
loi
Nc ra
Bn
bc
Ev320
Bng
ti
Ti con
ln
p
dp
My
cht
Cr910
Bn
bc
Ev325
Bng
ti
Ti con
ln
p
dp
My
cht
My d
kim loi
Cr910
Nc
Ra
Vt ti
Ev929
My cht
Bng ti
Ev330
Mnh qu
c
Bng ti
Ev340
Mnh
mn
Bung lm
u
Sng
Cs930
Mnh
hp cch
Bi cha
Nc
B khuy
trn
My
ra
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Vt ti
B
cha
Bng ti
Ev320
My ra
Cw915
Bi
cha
*.Thuyt minh s tuyn tre na:
Tuyn 1:
- Tre, na c a ln bn bc Ev320 nh cc xch ti v
mt thu lc CP290.Mc ch a tre na theo hng song
song, theo chiu ngang, khi tre na ri xung bng ti
Ev321 c chuyn i qua my d kim loi Q01, mc ch
tch kim loi nu c. Ti y c cng tc iu chnh dng
bng ti. Tre, na c i ti b phn p dp, y tre na
b p li v lm cho xp gim i v dng p lc
35kg/cm2 a tre, na i vo my cht Cr910. Khong
cch gia dao bay vo dao 0,4 - 0,6mm c 10 li dao
xp thnh nm hng, mi hng 2 li. Khi tre na vo my
cht to mt gc ct trnh s dp nt,tn tht nguyn
liu.Mnh tre, na nh bng ti Ev330 chuyn ti bung lm
u.
Tuyn2:
- Tre n ti bn bc Ev325 nh bng ti Ev326 i qua my d
kim loi Q02, tre na tip tc nh con ln Ev327, Ev 328 a
tre na ti l p dp, tre na vo my cht Cr911, nh bng
ti Ev324 v vt ti Ev329, a tre na i vo b phn khc
nh bng ti Ev330.
- Gia tuyn 1 vi tuyn 2, nu chy tuyn 1 th dng
tuyn 2, mc ch trnh s h hng, cc s c t ngt cha
khc phc kp mt khc v sinh v bo dng.
- Tip tc tre, na i t tuyn 1 hoc tuyn 2 ti bung lm
u Eb925 nh bng ti Ev330, mnh c a ti b phn
sng, mnh hp cch ri xung y qua li sng c em
i ra mnh ti b Ch60 b khuy trn c bm Pu501 ln
my ra Cw951. Mnh sau khi ra c a ti b Ch71. Nh
bm Pu603 ln my ra Cw952 mnh nh vt ti a ti bi
cha.
V. Thit b:
1/ Bn bc Ev332 : c nhim v a g vo bn tch nh cc

xch ti ko g i thng qua m t thu lc c cng tc
iu chnh lng g ln mt cch hp l v u.
*Cc thng s k thut:
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ng HBK-HN
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Tc : 246m/ph
Chiu di: 6m
Chiu rng: 6m
nghing: 60
Gm c 5 xch ti
2/ Bn tch Ev333 : c nhim v tch ring bit lng g
xung bng ti, to song song.
Bn tch gm mt tm chn bng st, chiu rng 6m.
3/ Bng ti Ev334 mc ch vn chuyn nguyn liu i
qua cc b phn khc.
4/ Con ln: C hai loi con ln, con ln trn v con ln vu
li.
Con ln Ev335A, B, C, D c nhim v vn chuyn lng g i
ti thng bc v. khi g qua cc b phn con ln lm cho v
b bong ra to iu kin khi vo thng d dng bc v hn.
- Tc con ln tng t thp n cao. Khi n con ln cui
cng y mnh lng g ri vo ngay tm thng bc v.
5/ Thng bc v 532-Db-920:
a.Cu to: Dng 4 bm thu lc Pu 505-508 bm nc vo v
to p lc rt mnh~3000m/p v lm gim s ma st ca
thng (lc y Aximt). Thng c lm bng st, thp.
*Cc thng s k thut:
- Tc :0410 vng/pht .
- Chiu di:36m.
- ng knh: 3.8m
- Rnh thot v c chiu rng: 50mm.
- Thng c gn vi 4 vng bi thu tnh. Thng qua 4 bm
Pu505508. Cng sut bm: 4 x 30KW.
- Thng c gn vi 2 c cu xch 2 chuyn ng bnh rng
nhm quay thng.
- Cng sut mt truyn ng: 23134kw
C cu vng bi thu tnh:
- Gm vng lm kn.
- Thng bc v c gi ln b , trong b gm 3 gi .
- trong gi c tm g php c un theo cong ca
thng v cn c thm tm nha chu mi mn. Tc dng lm
kn vng bi thu tnh v gim s mi mn
(1): Tm nha
chu mi mn
Tr
HBK-HN
Trng
ng(2):
B cha nc
K45 (3): Tm g php
(1)
(2)
(3)
b. Nguyn l lm vic: Thng quay vi vn tc 7 vng/pht, s
dng m t mt chiu.
- G ri vo tm ca thng nh con ln a n, g vo
thng 1/2 1/3 th tch ca thng v to song song khi
vo thng. Trong thng c cc g hnh thang t, khi g vo
va p vi cc hnh thang t v chng t va p vo nhau
nn g t bc v ra. Thng t nging vi mt gc = 50
lm cho g khi bc xong v gim ma st nn chng t chy
ra ngoi, cn v ri qua rnh xung bng ti a v bi cha
v.
Nhn xt:
- Loi b v trit m tn tht t.
- Nu m bo g vo song song th sch t 98%.(5)
7. My cht mnh g 532-Cr-913:
a. Cu to:
(1): v my
(4)
(3)
(2): mm dao
(3): cnh qut
(1)
(4): li dao
(5): ca thot mnh
- ng knh mm dao 2400mm.
- S li dao 8.
(2)
- Chiu dy mnh 16 35mm
- ng knh g ti a vo my 460mm.
- Cng sut 300 400 m3/h.
- Tc mm dao 400 vng/pht.
- Cng sut m t 500KW.
- Khe h ca dao bay v dao 0,5 0.8mm.
- Kch thc ca li dao l = 600 700mm,
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Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
r = 200mm,
- cnh huyn ca dao 17mm(tng ng 350).
b. Nguyn l:
- G vo my cht nh con ln Ev338 do tc quay ca
con dao, g c ct thnh mnh bay ra ngoi. Nh mm
dao quay to p lc y mnh ti bung lm u, y c
mt ng ht hi i lu t bung lm u v my cht to
p lc cho my. Mnh sau khi cht co kch thc t 16
35mm.
8. My cht tre, na Cr-910:

a.Cu to:
(1):
(2):
(3):
(4):
(5):
(6):
(7):
(8):
Chp bo v
Li dao bay
Dao
L p
Con ln
Na
Mnh sau cht
L dao bay
(8)
(1)
(6)
.
(2)
(5)
(7)
(3)
(4)
- Gm mi con dao, gn thnh hai hng.
- Khong cch dao bay v dao la 0.5 0.8 mm.
- Mnh sau khi ct di 22 35mm, rng 5 8mm.
b. Nguyn l:
- Nguyn liu i vo my cht qua 11 con ln v i vo
hm p, p lc p 35Kpa, p dp. To lc ct tt, trnh
nguyn liu bi dp nt.
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ng HBK-HN
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- Khi tre na i vo my cht c phun ra y ct

sn, tp cht ra ngoi v c i qua my d kim loi trc con
ln.
- Tre na vo ct nh lc ct ca dao bay v dao .
Mnh sau khi ct c bng ti a ln bung lm u.
9. My cht li 532-Cr-912/914:
a/ Cu to v cc thng s k thut:
- L dao c lp 4 li dao bay v 1dao .
- ng knh l dao: 450mm.
- Kch thc li dao 550 x 75 x 10mm.
- Kch thc ng np 500 x 275mm.
- Kch thc ng thot 410 x 100mm
- Cng sut: 15 20m3/h.
- Tc mt: 1400v/ph
- Trc: 60mm
b/ Nguyn l:
- Mnh qu c t sng c a v my cht li nh mm dao
quay to p lc a mnh v bung lm u v quay v
sng.
10. sng:
a/ Cu to:
(1): bung lm u
(2):thn sng
(3): li tng 1
(4): lc tng 2
(5): chp nn phn phi
(6): my cht li
(7): mnh hp cch
(8): mnh vn
(9): tm sng
(1)
(5)(5)
(2)
(6)
(6)
(9)
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ng HBK-HN
K45
(3)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(8)
(7)
(7)
- t c kch thc ta phi sng. Sng lm nhim v loi

b nguyn liu khng hp cch v cc tp cht a ra ngoi.
-Bung lm u va lm thng cha nguyn liu sau ct,
va iu chnh xung sng mt cch u n.
-V cu to thn sng c lm bng tm thp, ghp cng
vo nhau, b mt sng c cc ng phn chia to trn.
Trn c t 8 tm sng to thnh b mt sng c din
tch 11,7 m2. Cc tm sng u khoan l v rnh thot
mnh. Sng c gn vi h thng rung ng gn trc tip
vi m t ( h thng rung bng cnh tay n). Trn sng
treo 4 si dy cp vi ng knh 18mm, chiu di
2250mm.
B/Nguyn l:
- Mnh t bung lm u ri xung chp hnh nn c
phn phi u trn b mt sng vi bin dao ng 4050mm, mnh hp cch loi qua sng tng 1 xung tng 2 v
a ra ngoi. Mnh khng hp cch tng 1 c i ct li,
mnh mn lt xung tng 2 ri xung y v i ra ngoi.
i vi sng na ta lp 3 tng sng tn dng nguyn
liu.
VI. Cc s c thng gp trong qu trnh

vn hnh:
1. G b trt bn bc khng iu chnh c g trn bn

bc v bn tch:
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Do qu ti
+ Do mt in, t xch ti
+ Do g nm dc theo xch ti v cao hn xch ti
- Khc phc:
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ng HBK-HN
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+ Nu nguyn nhn mt in, th gi th in n sa

cha
+ Nu do t xch ti, du thu lc cp khng th gi
c kh ti sa
+ Nu qu ti, hoc g nm dc th phi iu chnh lng
g vo cho ph hp, v ly cy g nm dc theo xch ra
2. Thng bc v khng vn hnh c hoc dng t ngt
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Do mt in
+ Do p lc nc bm ln khng nng thng khng
25 n 45 Kpa
+ Do nc khng cp cho vng bi thu tnh
+ Hoc do h thng lin ng in vi bng ti mnh
Ev339. Nu Ev339 dng th thng s dng ngay.
- Cch khc phc: kim tra v tm ra s c. Nu do mt
in th gi th in n sa. Nu do thiu nc hay p
lc bm ln khng th phi b xung nc v iu chnh
p lc nng cc bm Pu505 n Pu508. Nu do h
thng lin ng th ta phi sa li h thng ny.
Bng ti chy lch hng:
- Nguyn nhn:
+Mi
ni
bng
ti
b
lch
+ c iu chnh l iu chnh bng ti b lch
+ Do lc tc dng ln bng ti ln
+ Do bng ti b dn
+ Do g mt u trn, mt u di cng vi lc ln
- Cch khc phc:
+ Nu do mi ni th ta phi ni li
+ c iu chnh bng ti lng. Ta phi xit li, theo nguyn
l li chn hay bn no b lch th ta phi xit cht c
pha ngc li v th lng c pha kia
+ Do bng ti trng th ta phi iu chnh l cng
+ Do qu ti th ta phi iu chnh lng g xung bng ti
cho ph hp
My cht mnh khng a mnh ln bung lm u:
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Cnh qut b mn: khng gi y mnh ln
+ Khe h gia mm dao v v thng: b thot kh ra ngoi
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ng HBK-HN
K45
+ p lc bun lm u cao qu: dn n chnh lch p

sut gia bung lm u v my cht. T dn n
tc mnh hoc qut khng thi mnh ln c.
- Cch khc phc:
+ Nu qut b mn th ta phi thay cnh qut
+ Nu do h v thit b th gi c kh n hn li
+ Do p lc bung lm u cao: tm nguyn nhn . Nu
tc bung lm u hay cc ng kh hi lu th ta phi
thng chng.
5.My cht mnh khng u kch c:
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Do nghing li khng ng qui nh l 350 hoc
chiu rng gc mi l 17mm
+ Dao khng sc
+ Khong cch gia dao bay v dao qu ln hoc qu
nh (do dao bay v dao b mn)
- Khc phc: dng my cht
+ Do nghing li khng ng qui nh th mi li cho
ng 350 hoc chiu rng gc mi l 17 mm
+ Dao khng sc th mi li
+ Nu dao bay hay dao b mn th phi thay
6.Sng khng vn hnh c hoc ang vn hnh th b
dng:
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Do mt din
+ Do tt cnh tay n lch tm c lp gia sng v m
t
- Khc phc: dng sng
+ Nu mt in th gi th in n kim tra v sa
+ Nu do tt cnh tay n th gi c kh n sa
7.Trng hp sng b mt tc dng ca thu lcgy nn v
con ln p:
Nguyn nhn:
+Do c con ln b bung ra.
+Do hm p mt thu lc mt in.
Khng du dn n nh hng n con ln p.
8.Trg hp mt in t ngt, cch x l :
+Thng bo b mt in hoc do b v vng bi n sinh
ra lm qu ti dn n mt in.
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Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
+t xch cn thng bo c kh x cha.

9.ng my di hn cn tin hnh kim tra:
+bo dng.
+Tng v sinh ton b phn xng.
+Cn thay th, bo dng nhng g hng hc
10. Sng b mt tc dng rung lc
- Nguyn nhn:
+do mt in
+Bung lm u b tc l do lng mnh cp vo bung
lm u qu nhiu.
Trong bung lm u c vt xon y mnh nguyn liu
tri u xung sng.
Nu nh lng mnh qu nhiu trong bung lm u, gy
tc ch vt xon lm cho nguyn liu khng chy xung
sng.
+Khe h ch dao ct qu ln lm cho mnh qu c gy tc
ch bung lm u.
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ng HBK-HN
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B. Phn x
xng
ng bt:
I. S dy chuyn cng phn xng nu

bt:
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ng HBK-HN
K45
II. Thuyt minh dy chuyn phn xng

bt:
Mnh (g,tre) t bi nguyn liu c vt ti 526 Ev401 cp

mnh ti vt ti ng Ev402, mnh c cp ln bng ti
Ev404 chuyn n Xyl mnh 526 Ch70. H thng vt ti
y Xyl Ev406-14Ev406-5 gm 5 vt cc vt ti c th c
tch ra v hot ng tu theo la chn ca ngi cng nhn
vn hnh ( thng thng chy 2 vt hoc 3 vt v mnh kh
cng). Mnh c a ti bng ti Ev407, trn bng ti c my
d kim loi Mg001 h thng ny c lin ng tch kim loi
ra v sau ti vt ti Ev409. Vt ti ny chy c 2 chiu,
mt chiu a mnh ti vt ti Ev410 v chiu kia cp mnh
vo ni nu s1(Di01). Mnh t vt ti Ev410 cng c cp tng t nh vy a mnh vo ni nu 2(Di02) hoc ni
nu 3(Di03).
ba ni nu c cp mnh y dng p sut 0,45 MPa
tng cht cht, tin hnh xng hi ui ht khng
kh ni nu ra thng thng 10415 pht. Tip tc cp dch
vo ni nu thi gian 548pht. y ta cp dch 2/3
nh v 1/3 y thng qua thit b trao i nhit
He34. Nh bm tun hon dch Pu508. Ta ng van np
ni li tin hnh qu trnh nu bt thi gian tng nhit
90495 pht trong qu trnh tng nhit c phn ti kh gi
qu trnh thm thu dch din ra tt, c chnh lch p
sut th thi kh gi bng van cu B05 tin hnh thi gian
bo n 65475 pht. Lc ny phn ng din ra rt mnh lit.
Thi gian phng 20 pht nh v y. Bt sau khi kt thc
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ng HBK-HN
K45
qu trnh nu tng thi gian 235 4248 pht. Phng nh

h p sut 4,5MPa ng van phng nh ni bng tay.
Tip tc phng y bt v b phng Ch60.
Dch en sau khi nu a v b Ch82 thng qua van B01.
Ti b Ch82 ny dng bm Pu527 a v b phng Ch60 v
cn cn dng bm Pu523 thi ra cng. Lng nc ngng sau khi
nu tp trung vo Ch66 (tng ca ba ni nu). Ti b nc
ngng Ch66 nh bm Pu505a a vo thit b ngng t He37
cn lng nc bn dng bm Pu505b thi ra ngoi. Ti thit b
trao i He37 thu li lng nc nng ta b sung nc sch
VKK i xung nc ngng i ln thu c lng nc nng em i
cc b phn khc cn lng hi i n phn xng ng lc.
Cn lng hi ca ni nu c cp qua thit b ngng t He32
v He33 trn b Ch67 nhm thu li lng nc ngng vo Ch67.
Ti Ch67 dng bm Pu504 a ln He33 v Pu511 a ln
He32 cn bm Pu503 em i cp nc cho b phn ra.
Tip tc lng nc ngng trong b nh bm Pu502 cp ti
bnh lc Sc220 v Sc221 mc ch tch s xi cn xt li.
Tip tc lng nc ny a sang thit b trao i nhit He30,
He31. Ti thit b ny c chia lm hai phn mt phn chy
trn sang b nc nng Ch68 cn phn quay tr li trc bm
Pu511. Ti b nc nng Ch68 dng bm Pu501 cp cho b
phn ra
Bt sau khi b phng Ch60 nh cnh khuy Ag120 nng
bt 10-12%. Bm Pu601 a bt vo Sc001 sng mu
mt. Bt khng hp cnh em lc ct Sc003. Bt hp cch
lc ct em i loi b mu mt Sc002. Bt hp cch
Sc002 b sung li ng bt tt ca Sc001 mc ch tn
dng li bt. Tip tc bt tt ra khi Sc001 em i ra.
y Bi Bng dng h thng ra ngc chiu gm bn my
ra.
Bt i vo my ra Th100 c pha long nng t 1-1,5%.
Bt ra khi my ra nng 10-12% nh vt ti Ev121 a
bt i pha long 1-1,5% vo my ra Th101. Bt ra khi my
ra nng t 10-12% nh vt ti Ev122 a bt vo my
ra Th102 pha long nng 1-1,5%, bt ra khi my
raTh102 c nng 10-12% nh vt ti Ev123 a bt
vo my ra Th103 bt ra khi my ra c nng 10-12%
nh vt ti Ev124 a sang b Ch84.
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ng HBK-HN
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Cn lng nc b sung cho qu trnh nc Ch67, Ch68, nc

VKK, nc Ch85 nh bm Pu538. Nc i t my ra Th103, nc
lc sau khi ra a v b Ch79 c Pu519 dng pha
long bt v Pu518 bm nc lm giai on Th102. Cn dch
lc Ch78 ca my ra Th102 c bm 517 dng pha long
bt trc Th102. Cn bm Pu516 bm cp cho giai on
Th101 dch lc th Ch77 c bm 515 pha long bt,
bm 514 bm dch lc lm dch ra cho giai on Th100.
Dch lc Th100 tp trung Ch76. Nh bm 512 pha long
bt v bm 513 bm v b phng Ch60 v sng mu mt
Sc001 .
Cc b cha dch lc Ch76, Ch77, Ch78, Ch79 a sang b
ph bt Ch80. Ti b Ch80 c bm Pu520 bm v my lc
dch en Th104. Mc ch tch x si cn st li. Bt thu
c Th104 b sung vo ng bt i vo my ra, cn
dch en tp trung Ch71 nh bm Pu507 bm a v ni
nu cn ng sang b phn chng bc nh bm Pu517
Be0=11.
Bt sau ra tp trung b 534Ch84 nh cnh khuy Ag126
khuy trn bt, nh bm Pu535 a bt v trc Ch85. Nc lc
Ch85 nh bm Pu527 pha long bt a vo giai on
sng Sc223. Bt hp cch th tip tc sang lc ct. Cn bt
khng hp cch a sang sng Sc224 nh bm Pu611. Bt
hp cch ca sng Sc224 theo ng bt hp cch ca Sc223
i qua lc ct. Cn bt khng hp cch th quay v Ch86.
Ch86 nh bm Pu523 bm bt vo Sc225. Bt hp cch th
quay tr li ng bt vo ca Sc224. Cn bt khng hp
cch Sc225 qua sng rung cn th loi b. Bt tt ca sng
rung th a vo Ch90 nh bm Pu529 i vo lc ct
Sc303. Bt hp cch Sc301 v Ch86. Cn bt khng hp
cch loi b qua cng thi.
Bt hp cch Sc223 v Sc224 i vo giai on lc ct tip
tc pha long nng bt t 2,5 xung 0,6% thng qua
bm Pu612 Ch85. Bt pha long xong i vo giai on lc
ct Sc302. Dng bt tt em i ra Th108 v 109, bt
tip tc pha long xung 0,51% trc khi n ra. Cn bt
khng hp cch Sc302 c pha long tip nh bm Pu613
Ch85 i vo Sc303, bt hp cch ca Sc303 c quay tr
li dng bt i vo Sc302. Cn bt khng hp cch tip tc
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pha long nh Pu614 i vo lc ct Sc304, bt hp cch ca

Sc304 quay tr li dng bt i vo Sc303. Cn bt khng
hp cch Sc304 tip tc pha long Pu615 Ch85 tip tc
i vo lc ct Sc305, dng bt tt ca Sc305 quay tr li ng bt vo ca Sc304. Cn bt khng hp cch qua lc ct
Sc306. Bt tt Sc306 tip tc quay tr li ng bt vo
Sc305. Cn cn ca Sc306 loi b ra ngoi.
Bt tt giai on Sc302 em i ra nng 0,51%, bt
ra khi my ra nng 10-12% nh vt ti Ev127 a bt
sang bm trung bnh MC. Cn dch lc ca my ra Th108
v Th109 c tp trung Ch89, nh bm Pu534 cp nc cho
giai on sng Sc223, Sc224, Sc225. T b Ch89 chy trn
qua Ch85. Cn dch lc Th109 c cha Ch85. Trc khi ra
khi Th109 bt c b sung dch trng oxy ho lm
ngun kim cho giai on tin ty trng bng oxy
Tip tc bt ra xong nng 10-12% cp vo bm trung
bnh MC nh bm Pu619 bm i vo my trn hi Mi001,
m van cp bt LC- L85 thng thng 45-64%. My trn hi
b sung hi vo qua van FC-F90. Mc ch lm tng nhit
ca bt to iu kin cho cc ho cht khc. Bt
bm trung bnh MC nh bm Pu620 to chn khng v
dng lng nc cp cho my ra Th108, Th109 dng pha
long. Sau bt c a vo my trn oxi Mi002. Cp oxy
vo thng qua van FC-F91. Mc ch b sung oxy vo tch
lignin trong bt cng thp cng tt, tng trng v bo
v x si thng thng kappa 12,5, bt tip tc i vo thp
phn ng oxy Ch102, p sut 3-5kg/cm2, nhit 90-100oC,
thi gian 30 pht, PH= 10,5-11. Bt sau khi nu oxy nh tm
gt a v b cha Ch103 c pha long nh bm Pu621
Ch104 ca my ra Th102. Bt b Ch103 nh bm
Pu622 bm bt i vo my ra Th102 c pha long. Bt
sau khi ra nng t 10-12%. Bt nh bm trung bnh
Pu512A cp vo b Ch83, cn lng dch ra Th102 tp trung
b Ch104 c bm trc tip nc ra cp cho my ra
Th108 v th109 thng qua bm Pu624 v Pu625. Cn dng
bm Pu623 em i pha long Th102 nu cn thit. Ti
bm trung bnh Pu512A c bm chn khng Pu512B to
chn khng.
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Bt tp trung 534Ch83 nh cnh khuy Ag120 khuy trn

lin tc sau bt c bm i nh Pu631 vo vt p
Th201, p sut 9,8MPa. Bt c p li bi hai l nng sau
khi p 12-30%, nc lc Th201 c vo Ch132 tip tc vo
Ch131 b cha nc lc sau p. Bt c pha long nh Pu632
Ch131 em i pha long cho vt p, Ch131 nh Pu634
pha long bt xung 4% i ra khi b Ch83. Nc lc cp cho
my ra Th102 nh Pu633 b Ch131. Lng hi ca vt p
v lng hi ca vt ti Ev401 c thi ra ngoi mi trng
nh Fa401
Bt i ra khi vt p Th201 c nng 25,5% a vo vt
ti Ev401, bt ra khi vt ti nng 25,5% a vo bm
trung bnh MC. Ti y bt c pha long b nc lc
Ch131 v nh bm Pu636 to chn khng. Bt ra khi
c Pu635 bm vo my trn clo Mi201v t LC-L34 vo
v tr t ng iu chnh im t 46%. B sung kh
clo vo, nhit 290C, p sut 450Kpa, lu lng 20 m3/h. Bt
ra khi my trn c a vo nh p lc ca my trn vo
thp ty ngc dng clo Ch142, thi gian phn ng 30 pht,
nhit 350C, t trng 43% ISO, PH=2,2-2,3. Bt ra
khi thp ty clo nh cnh co Ev402 v c pha long 1%
c vo my ra Th100, nhit nc ra 750C, b sung
kim 10% vo. Bt ra khi my ra nh vt ti Ev322 a v
my trn hi Mi191. Nc lc ca my ra Th100 c tp
trung vo Ch63, nh bm Pu502 bm pha long bt i vo
my ra Th100 v Pu637 pha long cnh co Ev402 v lu lng
120m3/h.
Bt tip tc i vo my trn hi Mi191. Ti y ngi ta
cp hi vo 0,45MPa, nhit 730C. Mc ch lm tng
nhit ca bt m ng cho cc ho cht khc tn
cng. Bt ra khi my trn v bm trung bnh MC Ch143.
Ti bm MC ny cp H2O2 2,5% thng qua bm bt tng
Pu530. Lng nc pha long cho bm MC t b Ch65 ca my
ra Th101, nh bm Pu639 to chn khng. Bt ra khi
nh bm Pu638 bm bt vo my trn oxy Mi203 lng bt
ny c iu chnh FC-F35. Ti my trn Mi203 b sung
oxy vo (6kg/T bt), t HS-B28 s oc m v tr t
ng. Bt i ra khi my trn Mi203 c i vo thp ngc
dng EOP, thi gian 20 pht chy trn sang thp xui dng
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ng HBK-HN
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Ch64, nhit 70-800C, nng 14%, thi gian 100 pht

(c thi gian giai on EOP l 120 pht), PH=10-10,5, t
75%ISO. y thp cnh khuy Ag123 khuy trn lin tc.
Bt ra khi c pha long 3% c bm i nh Pu505 pha
long tip nng 1% vo my ra Th101. Bt ra khi my
ra nh vt ti Ev323 nng bt 10-12%. Cn lng nc sau
ra tp trung Ch65 c bm Pu507 pha long cho bm
trung bnh MC (Ch143). Bt tip tc pha long xung 1%
nh Pu506 a vo trc my ra.
Bt sau khi ra khi my ra Th101 c bm trung bnh
Pu537A cp vo thp Hypo Ch68, nhit 40 0C, thi gian
180 pht, PH 8,5 (PH=9,3), nh bm Pu537B to chn
khng. Bt y thp nh cnh khuy Ag125 khuy trn
lin tc. Bt c pha long xung 4% v tip tc xung 1%
i vo my ra Th103. Ti my ra ny b sung SO 2
tng tui th cho giy. Cn nc sau khi ra tp trung
Ch69. Ti Ch69 c bm Pu515 pha long nng xung
1% trc khi i vo my ra Th103.
Bt sau khi ra nh vt ti Ev325 i ra khi my ra nng
bt 10-12% v c bm trung bnh Pu516A a bt sau
ty trng i vo b cha nng trung bnh Ch70 v
Ch71, nh bm Pu516B to chn khng. Ti y b
Ch70 c lp cnh khuy Ag126 v Ag127 ca Ch71 khuy
trn lin tc. Bt tip tc pha long v bm Pu517, Pu518
bm sang phn xng xeo.
III. Nu bt:
1. Mc ch:
S dng tc nhn nu tch lignin khi x si xenluloza
v ph hu cc lin kt gia cc thnh phn ho hc ca
mnh nguyn liu.
2. Phng php nu:

Bt c nu bng phng php sulfat vi dch nu: NaOH +
Na2S
Tc nhn nu: OH- v HS- do trong dch nu
Na2S + H2O NaOH + NaHS
NaOH OH- + Na+
NaHS HS- +Na+
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
3. iu kin nu:
- Nng dch trng
: 904120(g/l)
- sulfua
: 2562%
- Nhit ca dch en b sung : 700C
- Hi cho xng hi
: 0,4 MPa
- Hi cho nu bt
: 1.1 MPa
- T l rn/lng
: 1/3.541/3.6
- Nhit nu
: 1674 1700C
- Ap sut nu
: 0.6440.7 MPa
- Mc dng kim
: 20423% ( Tnh theo .v
NAOH)
- H s cht cht
: 1.1
- Tr s kappa
: 17421
- Tn kim
: 5410(g/l)
- Hiu sut nu
: 46%
- hp cch ca mnh
: /85%
- Mnh + bi lt qua sng &5 : [5%
- PH
: 13414
- T khi mnh: G b :
152(g/cm3)
G bch n v keo: 168(g/cm3)
4. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nu.

nh hng ca nhit , p sut.
Nguyn liu.
Thi gian.
Mc dng kim
Nng kim.
Dch en b sung.
M un nu.
sulfua.
H s H.
Phn tch cc yu t:
1. nh hng ca nhit v p sut:
- p sut: l hi nc bo ho m hoc kh, t ni hi cp v
ni nu, n em nhit v ni nu.
p sut c tc dng thm thu dch trong qu trnh tng
gim p sut thc y qu trnh nu gim thi gian
nu.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
p sut thng em vo ni nu 749kg/cm2tng ng nhit

170 50C.
Nhit :
- Nhit m tng ng nng vn ng ca ho cht
tng, thi gian nu s gim v ngc li. Trong thc tin rt
nhiu ln th nghim ca nh bc hc WanHoft a ra nh
lut nh sauTrong mi qu trnh ho hc c tngln 10 0C
th vn tc phn ng tng ln 243 ln.
- Trong iu kin nu ta cn ch nhin chn nhit
cho Cenluloz i vi nguyn liu thc vt trong sn xut
nhit t 160-17050C(na h thn tho 160417050C).
Nu nhit <17050C th thi gian nu s ko di.
- Nu nhit > 17050c th Cenluloz b ph hu cho nn
ta chn nhit thch hp l 170 0C, nhng thc t ta cng
thm 10C (v c phn thi kh gi)
2.Thi gian :
- Mi qu trnh cng ngh xy ra theo thi gian v khng
gian nht nh .Trong qu trnh nu ko di thi gian bt
s chn k nhng khngt hiu qu kinh t, cho nn ta phi
chon thi gian thch hp. i vi nu theo phng php xt
thi gian l t= 6h30 thch hp nht vi mi iu kin u
tt do i kin no ta phi ko di t=10h(v d thiu
hi thiu kim).
- i vi nu sun pht t =3h43h30 bi v HS- l cht kh c
to ra trong qu trnh nu, nhng khng th ko di thi
gian nu c. Mt khc to ra cc cht khc H 2S, mui sun
pht c mu xm. Cho nn ta khng th ko di thi gian
nu c.
3. Nguyn liu vo nu:
- Nguyn liu vo nu phi m hp cch > 85% ch tiu
- Chng loi phi ng nht v s thm thu dch nu
- Kch thc mnh nguyn liu ph thuc vo hiu sut bt
v cht lng bt
- Nu sn xut giy tnh th H = 45448%
- Nu sn xut giy th th H =38445%
- Nguyn liu ngn hay di th ta phi ct vt to hnh
bnh hnh tng b mt tip xc
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Trong qu trnh thm thu dch nu chiu dc bao gi

thm thu dch nu gp 243 ln so vi chiu ngang v x
si b tr song song theo chiu dc. Cho nn ta phi ct vt
nguyn liu cho gia nguyn liu v ho cht v mi
phn ng iu xy ra trn b mt
+ m:
- Nu x > 35% dn n dich vo b pha long cho nn
phn ng gim
- Nu x < 28% dn n u mnh b bp li cho nn qu
trnh khuch tn b cn tr. V vy ta chn x =28 435%,
nguyn liu phi lu bi 3 thng ta nu (nguyn liu ti vo
nu c mu kh dn n bt b sng)
4. H s H:
- Ni ln s tng quan gia nhit v thi gian trong qu
trnh nu. Nu ta nu 2 ni cng mt hiu sut % nhng
khc nhau v nhit nu th thi gian cng khc nhau.
- Trong thc t lun xy ra cc s c v nhit cho nn
da trn h s H ta iu chnh thi gian cho thch hp
t hiu qu mong mun (nhit cao th thi gian gim,
nhit thp th thi gian ko di).
5. Lng kim dng: Ph thuc vo hiu sut bt thu c
A=
a.880
( kg , T )
a: 18 22% (giy vit)

a: 12 16% ( bt bao gi)
a: 8 10% (bt th)
V cht lng bt mc dng kim khc nhau. Nu nu cng
mt hiu sut m lng dng kim nhiu dn n thi gian
nu gim v ngc li. Lng kim t dn n thi gian phi
ko di.
6.Nng kim:
- L yu t v cng quan trng trong qu trnh nu d lng
kim nhiu hay t nhng khng t c nng 110-120g/l
th thi gian nu s ko di. Qua thc t chng minh trong
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
qu trnh nu bt nu ta tng nng ln 30g/l th thi

gian phn ng gim i 2 ln.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
H%
90
60
30 g/l
T0C
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
- V ng lc hc ca qu trnh nu l do chnh lch nng

gia trong v mnh nguyn liu (ngoi) m dch
khuch tn vo mnh nguyn liu v quyt nh qu trnh
thm thu dch nu nhiu hay t thi gian nu gim
i, do nng khi nu cng cao s khuch tn cng
mnh thi gian nu gim
Kt lun:
- Trong qu trnh nu d lng kim cho tng m nng
khng tng v s tng kim v gi tr
7. sunphua:
- Trong thc t cc nh bc hc nu th nghim v trong
thc t nu Cenluloza. sunphua bin thin t 18 35%.
Nu <18% th gi tr sun phua hu nh khng c mt.
Nu > 35% th bt mn v en chng t
- Cenluloza b ph hu nhiu nhng thc t ta thy nu
sunphua t 25% th cht lng bt cao nht v bn c
hc cao v Cenluloza c tnh cht cng, th (v lignin cn
li).
8. Mdul nu:
Lng:
+ Mi trng khuch tn dch nu vo mnh nguyn liu.
+ Mi trng khuch tn sn phm sau phn ng ra ngoi.
Dung mi ho tan sn phm sau phn ng to iu
kin cho phn ng tip theo cho nn phi bo m thi
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
gian nu cho thch hp ta phi chn modun cho thch hp.

Thng thng: M = 1/3.541/4
Nu nh:
M =
1
3 .5
sinh ra bt s khng chn u v mi trng khuch
tn gim cn tr cho dch nu.

M =
1
4
lm cho dch nu long, lm cho gim vn tc
khuch tn ko di thi gian nu.

- i vi nguyn liu nu m xp (b ma) th :
M =
1
1
4,5
6
9. Nng dch en:

- Tn dng kim d : CNaOH= 345 g/l, CNa2S 648 g/l
- bit c mc dng kim ng hay sai. Nu nh nh hn
nhng s trn bt chn th qu tt, nu bt sng thiu
kim . Nu ln hn s liu trn m bt chn th tha kim,
nu bt sng th do iu kin cng ngh hoc cc ch
tiu k thut khc khng tt.
- Kim d c Na2CO3 t0+H2O = NaOH + H2CO3 ta cho kim
en vo thay th t 40460 % so vi nc b sung ta tn
dng kim d cn li sau nu v NaCO3 NaOH trong kim
en lm cho tng kim tng ln v lm cho tng kim tng i n nh nhng tnh kim cho nu phi tnh theo
kim hot tnh.
- Nu kim en > 60% th lm cht lng bt gim mu
sc, tiu tn nhiu ho cht ty.
- Cho kim en vo thay th mt phn nc b sung lm
cho dch en t tiu tn hi chp qu trnh c c
( dch en ra nu t 12413% vo n 60% cui )
5. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. khi qut:
qu trnh sn xut bt c tin hnh theo phng php nu
bt sulfat gm 3 ni nu gin on Di 01 4 03 mi ni nu c
th tch 140 m3 ( th tch hu hiu l 136.5 m3) v c
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
trang b h thng gia nhit gin tip. Dch nu c ht qua

cc vng li ht dch Di 22 424 bn trong pha di v hnh
tr ca ni nu ti cc bm tun hon Pu 5084 510 v c
gia nhit trong cc b trao i nhit He34 436. Sau khi c
gia nhit, dch quay tr v ni nu bng 2 h thng ng
tun hon nh v y ni LKO 001 4003. ng tun hon
dn dch ti cc vi dn dch bn trong ca nh ni nu Di
13415. Ti y ni, dch c cp qua cc ng li lc t sau
khuu phng Di 25427 ri ti phn y cn ca ni. Lu lng
dch c tun hon ln nh ni khong 2/3, v y ni
khong 1/3 tng dch nu. Cc ni nu c trang b np
ni kiu van cu ng m nhanh t ng MV 2604262 v
c lp t hi cht cht mnh Di 10412 chng cn c
trang b cc li lc kh thi Di 16418 nh ni thi
kh gi trong qu trnh nu.
T0 C
*Khc tuyn nu:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Np mnh:
25430 (pht)
Xng hi+np dch: 10415 (pht)
170
Tng nhit :
90 (pht)
Bo n:
70 (pht)
Phng nh- phng bt: 20 (pht)
80
3
1
0
T( pht)
b. Np mnh:
Cng on nu c thit k s dng c 2 loi nguyn
liu tre na v g cng hn hp. Nu tre na v g cng cn
tin hnh theo nh k v chu k sn xut, hai loi bt cn
c gi ring bit cng v cui dy chuyn. Ti sn
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
nguyn liu mnh tre na c vn chuyn n ni nu

bng bng ti v vt ti. t c hiu qu np mnh ti u cc ni nu u c trang b thit b cht cht bng
hi lp t ti c mi ni, hi phun ra t cc vi phun ca
thit b cht cht s lm cho mnh xoy trn ri xung
phn b u trong khp ni nu v mnh c xp cht
hn trong ni nu. ng thi, n cn y mt phn ln
khng kh cha trong cc mao dn ca mnh ra ngoi, do
dch nu s c thm thu vo mnh tt hn.
Trc khi bt u cp mnh khng kh trong ni phi c
rt ra bng qut FA 370. Khi p sut trong ni gim xung ti
p sut chn khng yu(-0.05 MPa) th np ni
MV2604262 c m ra v cng vic np mnh c bt
u. Sau khi np c vi M3 mnh th mi m van cp hi
vo thit b cht cht. H thng cp mnh s t ng
ngng khi ni nu c np y mnh, nh c thit b o
mc bng tia Gama lp trn nh mi ni.
c. Xng hi:
Mc ch c bn ca qu trnh xng hi l ui ht kh
cha trong mao dn ca mnh nguyn liu ra ngoi, n
nh hm lng m ca mnh, to iu kin cho mnh
nguyn liu thm thu dch nu tt hn.
Sau khi ng np ni v h thng thot kh FA370, vic
tip hi qua thit b cht cht mnh vn c tip tc qua
xng hi, cng lc bt u tho nc ngng ca hi y
ni. Giai on xng hi c kt thc khi tt c nc ngng c
tho ra v hi bt u thot ra t ng li lc. Mt rle
nhit c lp ng x t ng ng van cp hi
cng nh van x nc ngng khi nhit tng qu 1000c.
d. Tnh ton m ca mnh:
Sau khi hon thin cng vic np mnh v xng hi th
phi tin hnh tnh ton tng hm m ca mnh. Mt
trong 3 chn ca ni c lp t mt thit b o trng
lng tnh ca ni. Gi tr c c t b ghi v trn bng
iu khin c s dng tnh hm lng m ca mnh,
trn c s tnh lng dch en cho ni nu.
e. Tnh ton dch np:
f. H thng np dch:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Dch trng v dch en sau khi tnh ton c np vo ni

v c o bng cc ng h o th tch kiu in t
t sau cc bm tng ng PU506, PU507, dch trng v
dch en c cp ng thi n ng ht ca van v chy
ngc theo ng ng tun hon vo ni nu.
Khi khong 80% tng dch c b xung, cc ch trng
ca mnh trong ni c dch chim ch, nh vy lng
dch c th tun hon th khi ng bm tun
hon v dch c phun ra t cc vi phn phi bn trong
trn nh ni nu.
Vic np dch s t ng ngngkhi lng dch np vo ni
nu theo tnh ton. C hai h thng cp dch phi
c iu chnh sao cho vic cp dch trng phi ngng
sau khi cp dch en.
g. Nu:
Nhim v chnh ca cng on nu l cung cp bt c cht
lng ng u, c tr s Kappa n nh mc cng tiu
th cng t ho cht ty cng tt v cc c tnh bn ca
sn phm cui cng c th chp nhn c.
C 3 phong php thay i tr s kappa:
_Thay i thi gian nu
_ Thay i nhit nu
_Thay i mc dng kim
Khi thay i mc dng kim np vo nu, phi ch m
bo nng kim d c trong dch en sau nu. Tn kim
phi c duy tr mc 54 10 g/l trnh s kt ta dch
cng on thu hi.
Vic chn la chu k nu cng nh mc dng kim hot tnh
phi c quyt nh theo tng loi nguyn liu (xem mc
s liu ). Giai on nu bt u t khi tng nhit cho
n khi nhit trong ni nu ln ti 170 0 C ( giai on
tng nhit).
Tng lu lng hi p sut cao(1.1MPa) cung cp ti cng on
nu c hn ch mc 24 tn/gi. Lng hi ny l kh nng
ti a ca nh my in c th cung cp c. Lng hi tiu
th rt cao lc bt u tng nhit, khi nhit cn di
1000 C. Cho nn nu mt ni no bt u a vo nu
theo k hoch trong lc hai ni kia ang nu th lng hi
tiu th cn thit cho nu s vt qu kh nng sn c.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
trnh nh hng ti chu k nu ca ni ang nu th lu lng

hi cp ti ni nu tin hnh sau cng phi c khng ch
m bo lu lng ti a trn b iu khin lu lng FRCQ
F 14 l 24 tn/gi .
Trong thi gian tng nhit cn thit phi x kh gi ra
khi ni nu. Lng kh gi thot ra phi c quyt nh
bng kinh nghim thc t vn hnh. Vic thi kh gi c
th c gim dn vi s tng dn nhit trong ni nu.
Cng vic nu hon chnh khi giai on bo n kt thc.
h. H p- phng nh:
Sau khi kt thc giai on bo n th p sut trong ni nu
phi oc gim i cng nhanh cng tt. Tuy th, trc khi
phng nh ngi cng nhn vn hnh ni nu phi kim
tra li ng h ghi mc (L 16), xem b phng c th cha
ht lng bt phng ra t ni nu khng. Ngi cng nhn vn
hnh cn phi khi ng bm nc ngng chnh (Pu504),
bm nc ngng ti trao i nhit (He33) ca h thng thu
hi nhit ca hi phng bt trc khi cng vic phng c
tin hnh. p sut ca ni nu c gim xung bng cch
m van phng nh trn ng ng phng ni t nh ni
nu ti b phng (533 Ch60).
Khi phng nh p sut trong ni nu gim xung dm
n bt v dch nu trong ni si ln, do vy nhit v
p sut h nhanh hn, hin tng ny c th nhn bit trn
h thng nghi kh ti bng iu khin,.
Khi p sut trong ni nu h xung ti 0,44 0,5 MPa van
phng nh ni nu c ng li bng tay.
i. Phng bt:
Van phng y ca ni nu, c lp ti khuu phng sau
ng li sng cho tun hon v rt dch y ni. Van phng
y c trang b mt b khi ng in n c m t
t v u n m bo an ton khi phng bt (ng c
in ca b khi ng l kiu ng c c 2 tc ).
Sau khi van phng bt dc lp mt on ng tht (on
ng tit lu) m tng thi gian phng bt y ni c xc
nh bi tit din m trong on ng tit lu ny. Thng thng, tit din m ca on ng tit lu c thit k t
c thi gian phng qui nh l 20 pht, nu thi gian
phng bt ngn hn 20 pht th dn n hin tng dch
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
en v x si b cun t b phng vo h thng thu hi

nhit v s lm qu ti h thng ny.
Van phng y ca ni nu c ni lin ng vi cng tc
bo mc bt b phng (L15), nu mc bt b phng bo
cao th van phng y ca ni nu c ng li t ng.
Trong qu trnh phng, bt v dch c vn chuyn ti
cyclon nh b phng l nh p sut ca ni nu. Ti
cyclon cc b si s c nh ti ra nh tc dng gin n
nhit. T cyclon bt ri xung b phng cn hi c gii
phng i sang h thng thu hi nhit.
Khi p sut ni gim xung ti 0,1MPa th ng van phng
bt li. phng ht bt trong ni nu th m van cp hi
nh ni n cho p sut trong ni tng ln 0,4- 0,5
MPa ( Trong qu trnh tng p ny b lc kh thi c th c v sinh bng hi sng vo ngc dng vi ng thi kh
gi ti ng gp chnh). Sau m van phng bt y ni
v s bt cn li s c phng vo b phng. Nu nh ni
nu vn cha c phng sch ht bt th c th b sung
dch en vo ni nu v cp hi qua van thao tc bng tay
thng vi khuu phng ni nu. Tip sau l mt ln
phng y na cho ht bt trong ni nu.
Khi ni nu khng cn p sut (p sut trn b ch th
bng iu khin v v tr s 0), m van ht dch ca bm
Pu538 a s dch en cn li trong b gia nhit v h
thng tun hon v b bt cn 533 Ch 82 cng on ra
bt.
Nh vy ni nu sn sng cho chu k nu tip theo.
k. H thng thu hi nhit ca hi phng bt:
H thng thu hi nhit ca hi phng bt, l mt h thng
thng dng lm ngng hi phng bt c gii phng ra
t b phng, vo 2 bnh ngng s cp v th cp mc ni
tip (He32 v He33). Nc ngng nng c cha nh b
tp trung Ch 67, cn nc ngng lnh dng lm mi trng ngng
th c bm t y b ln. Bm nc ngng chnh Pu504,
bm nc ngng ti bnh ngng s cp He33 ch c vn hnh
trong qu trnh phng bt. Lu lng nc ti bnh ngng, c
iu khin bng b iu khin nhit , t trn ng
dn nc ngng nng ra khi bnh ngng. Cn bm Pu511 bm
nc ngng ti bnh ngng th cp He32 th vn hnh lin tc,
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
lm ngng cc kh thi ra t ni nu trong sut giai on

tng nhit.
Nc ngng nng tp trung phn trn ca b tp trung Ch67,
c bm tun hon Pu504 bm ti cc b trao i nhit
He30 4 31. Ti b trao i nhit, nc cng nghip c gia
nhit ln ti 750C sau c cha ti b nc nng Ch68,
phc v cho vic ra bt cng on ra bt v cng on
ty trng bt. Sau khi ra khi b trao i nhit, nc ngng
b lnh i v c tun hon tr li y b tp trung Ch 67.
H thng lc x si gm 2 bnh lc Sc220 v Sc221 (c th
1 bnh chy 1 bnh d phng) c lp trc cc b trao i
nhit bo v chng khi b tc khi cc x si. Cc
bnh lc cn c v sinh bng nc phun ngc dng bc
sch s si tp trung trn tm li lc. Chu k v sinh c xc
nh bi lng x si c trong nc ngng hi phng bt nhiu
hay t. Khi bnh lc bh tc b truyn tn hiu chnh lch
p sut s bo tn hiu bng n trn bng iu khin, khi
cn phi thay chy sang bnh d phng v sinh
bnh ang b tc.
l. H thng nc ngng hi sng:
Mi mt thit b trao i nhit ca ni nu c lp 1
bnh phn ly nc ngng c iu khin mc v h thng
kim tra cht lng nc ngng. Cht lng nc ngng c kim tra
bng t bo o dn in. H thng kim tra s t
ng iu khin x nc ngng vo cng rnh nu chng b
nhim bi dch nu.
Nc ngng sch t mi bnh phn ly nc ngng ca ni nu, c chuyn ti b tp trung nc ngng Ch66, nh chnh lch p
sut gia b trao i nhit v b tp trung. B tp trung
cng c lp cc h thng iu khin mc v kim tra
cht lng nc tng t nh cc bnh phn ly, nhng h thng
ny x nc ngng nhim vo b tp trung Ch67 ch khng
x ra cng rnh. C 2 h thng u c n bo trn bng
iu khin cho cng nhn vn hnh bit khi x nc ngng
b nhim dch nu i.
Hi thot ra t nc ngng trong b tp trung (Ch66) c a
ti h thng ng ng hi p sut thp 0,45 MPa, khi p
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
sut trong b ln hn p sut ca h thng ng ng hi.

Nc ngng b Ch66 c nhit khong 140 0C, c bm
Pu505a- b a ti b trao i nhit He37 , lm lnh
xung 1000C ri a ti nh my in. Nc m sau trao i
nhit c cp cho phn xng giy.
B tp trung CH66 cng c lp cc h thng iu khin
mc v kim tra cht lng nc nh cc bnh phn ly nhng
h thng ny x nc ngng nhim dch vo b CH67 ch
khng x ra cng rnh. C hai h thng u c tn hiu
bo trn bang iu khin cho cng nhn vn hnh bit khi
x nc ngng b nhim dch i.
6. Thit b:
a. ni nu 532Di 01403:
1. Cu to:
8
2
10
12
11
1): ni nu
(2): li tun hon dch
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
23
3
(3): bm tun hon dch

(4): thit b trao i nhit
(5): hi vo
(6): nc ngng
(7): ng dch nu
(8): ca np mnh
(9): ca phng bt
(10): van kim tra
(11): tia gama
(12): knh quan st
13
(13): chn ni nu
5
4
- Ni nu thuc loi ni nu tr ng nh v y l hnh

cn trong cn ca nh l 90 0 cn ca y l
600.
- V ni nu c ch to bng cc ng thp chu p lc, loi
SIS1430 vi hm lng silic cc i l 0.05% v c hn li vi
nhau c dy t 25435mm.
- Bn ngoi lp v ca ni nu c bao bc 1 lp cch nhit,
lp cch nhit ny thng thng l nhng cht cch nhit
hoc bng bng thu tinh.
- Trn nh ni c ng ng xng hi, c phu np mnh
c van cu, c ng ng dn dch, c thit b kim tra
c bit, l cc thit b bo mc.
- Ngoi ra cn c li tun hon dch, van phng bt v tit
b tho nc ngng.
2. Cc thng s k thut:
Th tch ni nu:
140 m3
Th tch hu hiu:
136.5 m 3
ng knh tr:
4000 mm
Tng cao:
14500 mm
ng knh ming ni:
800 mm
ng knh ming y ni:
600 mm
p lc thit k:
1,4 MPa(14 bar)
Nhit thit k:
235 0C
*Van cu np ni 532 Mv 260 262:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Kch thc van:

800
mm
Vt liu ch to:
thp khng g, loi SIS 2333
*B cht cht 532 Di 10 12.
H thng c lp trn c ni nu, c lm bng thp
chu axit.
Lng hi c dng cho mt m nu vo khong 6 tn ti p
sut ti
thiu 2,5at
*Sng ht dch:
tun hon dch nu, ngi ta thit k 1 vng mt sng
c lp ti ti pha trong phn tr di ca ni nu. Vic tun
hon dch c thc hin pha trn cn y ni.Phn sng
trc vi ht dch ra khng c khoan l, trnh gy bt tc l
sng.
Tng din tch b mt sng: 14 m2.
ng knh l sng:
6 mm.
Vt liu ch to:
thp chu axit loi SIS 2333
b. Cc b trao i nhit 532He34436:
1. Cu to v cc thng s k thut:
p lc thit k: 1.4 MPa
Din tch b mt truyn nhit: 120 m2
B trao i nhit l thit b trao i nhit gin tip, gm
v vi cc ca cp dch, ca cp hi v ca tho nc ngng.
Bn trong b trao i nhit c nhiu ng thp truyn
nhit. Kch thc ng: 201.56000 mm.
gia nhit cho dch nu bt, hi p sut cao 1.3MPa c
cp vo b trao i nhit v i bn ngoi ng truyn
nhit gia nhit cho dch nu i trong ng.
2.Nguyn l lm vic: (hnh 1)
Thit b trao i nhit lm vic theo nguyn l ngc chiu,
trong dch nu i t di ln, hi t i t trn xung.
Dch nu c i trong cc ng ng trao i nhit, hi
t i bn ngoi ng ng vo bung hn hp, hi c
nhit caoi t trn xung tin hnh trao i nhit.
Sau khi trao i nhit xong hi nc s ngng t thnh nc v
c tho ra ngoi thng qua thit b tho nc ngng, ton b
lng nc ngng ny i qua thit b phn ly tch nc ra,
cn cc lng hi t d c quay tr li gia nhit tip.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
c. Cc bm tun hon dch nu 532Pu 5084510:

Mt s thng s k thut ca bm:
M t: Cng sut: 90 kw
Tc :
1450v/ph
Nng sut:
840 m3/h
Chiu cao y:
18 m ct dch
p sut:
1.6 MPa
Nc lm kn phi c p sut ln hn p sut lm vic ca
ni nu ti thiu l 0.15MPa.
d. Cc b ngng t 532He32433: L thit b ngng t trc
tip hi trong qu trnh phng bt.
Thit b ngng t th cp He32: ng knh: 1250 mm
Chiu cao(hnh tr):
3000 mm
Thit b ngng t s cp He33: ng knh: 1800 mm
Chiu cao(hnh tr):
3000 mm
e. B tp trung nc ngng Ch 67: B c nhim v cha
nc ngng t t He32433.
Kch thc b: ng knh: 5000 mm
Chiu cao:
15000 mm
V sinh b nh k 2 ln/ tun.
f. Cc bnh lc x si 532Sc2204221: C nhim v lc
x si c ln trong nc ngng t t b tp trung Ch 67 n
cc b trao i nhit He30431.
Nc ngng nng i vo bn trong tm sng hnh tr c bc li
lc t bn trong thit b, qua ca vo pha y bnh
lc. Khi i qua tm sng, x si b gi li trn b mt li lc
cn nc nng i theo ca ra n He30431.
g. Cc b trao i nhit 532He30431:
Cc thng s k thut: p lc thit k:
6 at
Nhit thit k:
0
100 C
Din tch b mt trao i nhit:
2
350 m
h. Co cp mnh 525Ev3204321:
Nng sut max: 250 m3/h
S lng:
2 chic
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Chiu di:
8,37 m
Chiu rng:
4,54 m
Cng sut m t: 90kw(525Cp2904291)
i. Vt ti mnh-loi S540( 525Ev3224323):
Nng sut:
754250 m3/h
Tc :
15465 v/ph
ng knh trong:
0.54 m
di bn trong:
7m
Bc rng (bc rng tri): 300-400-500 mm
* Ngoi ra cn c cc bng ti v vt ti mnh: 526 Ev401,
Ev402, Ev404, Ev406, Ev407, Ev409, Ev420, Ch070, Mg001.
IV. Ra bt:
1. Mc ch:
Ra sch lignin b ho tan trong qu trnh nu khi bt,
thu c bt sch v dch en c nng cht rn /9
0
Be.
2. Cc phng php ra:

a. Lc:
- Trong qu trnh ra bt bm ln b mt thit b (li ra)
to thnh mt lp lc t nhin nc v dch thot ra ngoi.
Lp lc t nhin c tc dng gi nhng ht bt nh v bt ln
khng chy theo dch en ng thi va khng ch tc
dng chy cho tc dng chy n nh.
b. Khuch tn v thay th:
- Khuch tn: ng lc ca qu trnh khuch tn l do chnh
lch nng ni c nng cao khuch tn sang ni c
nng thp. Nu nh nng mi im bng nhau xy
ra hin tng cn bng ng khng c khuch tn.
- Dch en nm su trong thnh th si dng lin kt khi
cho dch ra c nng thp th s cn bng b ph
v sinh ra hin tng khuch tn t trong ra ngoi, c nh th
mi cho n khi bt sch.
- S thay th: L qu trnh thay th dch en bng nc ra,
nc ra c p lc y dich en ra ngoi.
iu kin c s thay th:
- Chnh lch nng gia nc ra v dch en.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Tc dng chy phi thp thi gian chuyn dch

en ra ngoi.
- t c hiu qu thay th v khuch tn tt nht, ta
s dng dch en long ra sau mi dng nc sch
ra.
c. Ra p:
- Dng lc c hc to chn khng hay p sut p
bt lm cho dch trong ng mao qun v rnh thot ra
ngoi.
- Lc v p lm cho dch en ban u m c t b
pha long ng thi lm cho nng bt tng ln.
+ Kt lun:
Trong qa trnh ra ta c th s dng tng phng php ra
ring r hay c th kt hp cc phng php ra sao cho t
c mc ch t ra.
nh gi kt qu ca qu trnh ra ta da vo hiu sut
gia lng cht kh sau qu trnh ra bt(U) vi tng s
cht kh c ho tan vo dch ban u v s tng quan
nng (F) tc l t s nng trc v sau khi ra.
Nu F=1, U=1, l l tng tc l bt sch hon ton
khng c s pha long dch nhng trong thc t U v F ch
t 80-90%.
*S dng phng php ra ngc dng trn c s ra khuych
tn v thay th vi h thng my ra chn khng thng
quay( 4 my ra).
3. iu kin ca qu trnh ra:

Nng bt sau nu: 344%
Dch ra t my ra p vo my ra th 4 c nhit :
704750C
Nng bt vo my ra: 141.5%
Nng bt ra khi my ra: 10412%
Nng bt ti b cha bt nu sau ra: 3.544%
Mc dng cht ph bt: 0.140.2 kg/tn bt KT
H s pha long: 2.542.7
- Khng c ln x si
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Dch en i chng bc: - Nng cht rn/9 0Be

- Nhit : 70475 0C
Tng hm lng cht rn trong dch en: 1550 kg/ tn
bt KT
Mt mt my ra th t: 15418 kg Na2SO4/ tn bt KT
4. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh ra:

a. p lc:
- p lc ra l yu t v cng quan trng tch dch en
dng t do v dng lin kt. Nu nh p lc nh th s
thot nc chm, nu p lc ln th lm gim s khuch tn.
Do vy ngi ta thng khng ch p lc cho ph hp vi tng
giai an ra.
b. Nhit ra:
- Nu nhit cao th nht gim, dn ti kh nng thot
nc nhanh, v qu trnh ra cng din ra nhanh.
- Trong thc t chng minh c tng ln 20 0c th thi gian
ra gim i 2 ln (nc ra thng c nhit t 70-800c)
- Nu nhit qu cao lm cho dch si ln ph v
chn khng ca my v khng to c lp lc t nhin, s
tn tht bt tng ln. Qu trnh si sinh ra hin tng to bt
lm bt bng ln, tro bt ra ngoi .
c. sng chn ca bt:
- N nh hng trc tip n qu trnh ra.
- Bt sng th s thot nc nhanh khng c thi gian
thay th v khuch tn nn thi gian ra lu (vn tc
khuch tn thay th chm ) v ngc li bt chn thot nc
chm c thi gian khuch tn v thay th dch en trong
lng th si i nn qu trnh ra nhanh.
d. Nng bt v dy ca lp bt :
- Nu m nng bt nh, lp bt ra mng th qu trnh
ra nhanh v ngc li nu nng bt ln dn n lp bt
ra dy. Do vy s thay th v khuch tn din ra chm
thi gian ra tng ln.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
e. Bn cht ca bt sn xut t cc dng nguyn

liu khc nhau:
- Nu bt c nht cao th lp bt lc khng u, ch dy
ch mng lm mt chn khng nh hng n qu
trnh ra.
- Nu bt c nhiu tp cht nh v cy tu bc, bt khng
c nh ti trc khi i ra (nht l bt sn xut t tre,
na). Lm nh hng ti qu trnh hnh thnh lp li lc,
chnh v hin tng m qu trnh ra ko di.
f. Bn cht dch long (nc) em ra:
Nu dch en d ho tan, nng dch ra nh th s
khuch tn d dng, nc ra va ra m bo sch
tit kim c nc.
- Dch ra phi i hi nh hn dch ban u nc ra phi
sch trnh cc ion Ca, Mg, Fe.
g. Kch thc li ra :
- Kch thc li ra ph thuc vo cht lng ca bt sau ra,
trnh s tn tht ca bt v ph hp vi iu kin thc
tin thng thng li 40 l/cm2 n 60l/cm.2
- Nu nh li rch thng dn n qu trnh b dng.
5. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. Ra bt th: Qu trnh ra bt th c tin hnh theo
phng php ra ngc chiu i lu trn 4 my ra chn
khng thng quay.Bt i t my ra Th 1004103, cn dch
ra i ngc li t Th 1034100.
Bt sau nu c cha trong b phng Ch 60, nng bt
y b khong 4%. Dch pha long c bm t b dch lc
th nht Ch 67 bng bm Pu 513. Bt sau pha long c nng
khong 3.5% c cp vo sng mu mt Sc 001 bi
bm Pu 601. Ti sng mu mt v mnh sng oc tch ra
v a ti sng th Sc 002, ti y mu mt c thi ra
ngoi cn bt c nhp vi dong bt hp cch t sng Sc 001
ri vo l ra Th 100. Ti y bt c pha long ti C=1%
nh b iu khin t xa IIIC C51, dch pha long c ly t
b Ch67 nh bm Pu512. Tt c cc my ra u c
trang b cc bng iu khin ti ch m t c th iu
khin c:
- Lu lng bt( ch my ra th nht, FER F50)
- Khi ng v dng cc b truyn ng ca my ra.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Tc quay ca l SI S50453.
-Van pha long C51454.
Van iu khin lu lng nc ra bt t my ra th 143 c
iu khin bng mc trong cc b dch lc. Dch ra c
bm t cc bm Pu 514,516,518. Nc ra bt trn my ra
th 4 c iu khin bng hai b iu khin lu lng F51 v
F53. Nc trng t cng on sng(543Ch89) v nc ngng hi
phng bt t b 532Ch67 s c b sung vo 3 ng dn nc
phun ra. Cc ng phun ra cn li c b sung nc ngng
sch t chng bc v nc nng t nu(532Ch68). Tng lng nc
phun ra c o trn hai b iu khin FRC F51 v F53 s
c so snh v iu chnh theo lu lng bt trn FRC F50
ph hp vi h s pha long v nng dch en theo yu
cu.
dn in ca dch lc t my ra 4 c o bng thit b
QR Q53 trn ng ng sau bm pha long Pu519.
Bt ra ra khi my ra th 4 c pha long ti C=4%
vt ti kp Ev124 trc khi a xung b trn bt th
534Ch84. Nc pha long c iu khin bng b iu khin
lu lng FFIC F54 v c iu chnh ph hp vi nng sut ca
cng on ra. Nng sut ca cng on ra xc nh bng
tc ca l ra SIC S53 v dy ca tm bt trn l ra
GI G50.
Tt c cc my ra u trang b dao bc bt c s dng hi
v qut nng tm bt. p sut hi ti dao bc bt c iu
khin bng b iu khin p sut PIC P50 vo khong
0.21MPa.
b. H thng dch en
c. H thng ph bt: Tai nh b Ch80 c trang b h
thng ph bt. Gm c: my ph bt Fb200, qut ht Fa379,
cyclon tch bt Fe250. p sut m c duy tr trong ng
dn l nh qut ht bt, do bt c vn chuyn v b
Ch80 d dng.
d. Thng kh chp l my ra
e. H thng cng rnh
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
6. Thit b:
a. B phng bt 533Ch60: C nhim v cha bt sau khi
nu t cc ni nu a sang v tch hi phng bt a i thu
hi nhit.
V=
400 m3
=
6m
H=
20 m
p lc thit k:
704500 KPa
M t: Cng sut: 15421 kw
Tc :
1500 v/ph
Tc cnh khuy-loi BOA20(Ag120): 117 v/ph
n mn cho php: 5 mm
Vt liu ch to: Thp chu p lc-loi SIS 2106
Tng trng lng b: 60 tn( bao gm c chn )
b. Sng loi mu mt Sc001:
1. Cu to:
- V hnh tr ng, chu p lc.
- Mt sng hnh tr( roto), c khoan l.
-Stato nm trong lng sng, trn c gn nhng tm thp
mng v c t nghing.
- M t truyn ng n thit b qua dy ai v c
lp
trn gi iu chnh.
2. Thng s k thut:
- Loi Delta KnotterTMK4
- Nng sut: 600 tn/ ngy( kh 90%)
- S b mt sng: 0.9 m2
- C lm vic: 445%
- P lm vic max: 0.8 MPa
- ng knh l sng: 8; 10 mm
c. Sng th 533Sc:
1. cu to:
- Sng c t nghing trn mt gi 4 chn
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Mt sng hnh tr, bn trong c mt vt ti y bt t

di ln trn. trc vt ti rng v khoan l a dch vo
pha long.
- Vt c truyn ng bng mt mt in qua h
thng dy hai ai v hp gim tc.
- ng bt vo y ca bung my. Dch c a vo
qua cc l trn trc vt ti pha long bt. Vt ti truyn
ng a bt t di ln trn.
- Bt hp cch i qua cc l mt sng v ra phn y
bung my.
- Bt thi c chuyn ln trn v thi qua ca ri xumg
ng bt cn,
bt sng.
2. Thng s k thut:
- Loi KFA-50
- Nng sut: 100 tn bt( kh 90%)/ ngy
- C lm vic: 141.5%
- Dch pha long: 60490 m3/h
- Cng sut mt: 15kw
- Tc mt: 1500 v/ph
- Tc rto: 35 v/ph
d. Thit b ra chn khng thng quay.
1. Cu to l ra:
- Hm bt vo
- Dao bc bt
- ng phun ra bt
- H thng ng ng bt
- Vi phun ra
- L lc
- ng ht chn khng( baromet)
- Vt vn chuyn kt hp nh ti bt
- Dao co bt
I. To lp lc
II. Ra(khuch tn v thay th)
III. p bt kh
IV. Vng lm sch bt
V. Vng v sinh
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- L ra hnh tr c 2 khung, khung l trong l c nh c

lp vi ng thot nc, chia lm hai vng khc nhau.
- L ngoi c bc mt lp li v chuyn ng quay theo
chiu kim ng h v quay quanh l c nh, hai l ra c
lp van chn khng cho khng kh lt vo.
2. Nguyn l lm vic:
- Cho dung dch sau khi nh ti to thnh mt
dung dch ng nht khi n lp li lc thnh phn
ca bt nh nhau.
- Ta pha long nng bt t 1-1,5% cho vo bn ra v
cho vo l ra chuyn ng . Qa trnh ra x ra nm
vng khc nhau nh sau:
+Vng I: Hnh thnh lp li lc t nhin, v l ra nm su
trong vng ra v lun chuyn ng, nc sch c chui vo
trong ng, bt bm ngoi l to thnh lp lc t nhin.
- Lp lc t nhin c tc dng gi bt nh khng cho chy
theo nc (dch long tch ra khi bt ), ng thi c tc dng
hn ch dng chy trong bt, lm cho dng bt chy n
nh.
+Vng II: Khi l ra chuyn ng n vng II, bt c ra
bng dch long hoc nc sch. Hin tng khuch tn v
thay th xy ra, lm cho bt sch v dch long c ht ra
ngoi.
+VungIII: L vng c p bng lc c hc v ht chn
khng lm cho nc cn nm trong lng th si c p ra
ngoi, tng nng bt ln 12-18%.
+Vng IV: L vng bc bt, ta dng dao co bt hoc bng
kh thi, bt c ri xung mng, ta dng vt a ra ngoi.
+VngV: L vng khng c bt ta phi v sinh sch s
thc hin cho chu
k ra tip theo.
3.Nhn xt:
- Khu vc I, II, III lm vic p sut m( dng lc chn
khng to iu kin cho nc chy vo ng)
-Vng IV,V lm vic p sut dng to chn khng
ta dng bm chn khng (nhng tn nhiu in nng). Do
ta thng dng ng parmet.
- ng parmet lm vic d trn nguyn l mi vt cht lun
tn ti dng
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
nng lng thp nht.

E=
mv 2
+ mgh
2
Nu th nng (mgh) cng ln khi chuyn thnh ng nng

(
mv 2
2
) th vn tc chuyn ng ln, sinh ra p lc ln ht nc
t bn ra ra mnh. Qa trnh ht nc khng kh chuyn

ng theo c tc dng p bt v to lc chn khng vng
I, II, III. Nn ng parmet thng t t 8-12m to p lc tng ng vi 3 vng ra khc nhau.
- T my ra chn khng ny ta c th dng ra cc
b phn khc nhau. Tc l sau ty, gia giai on ty, qu
trnh c c bt.
3. Thng s k thut:
Kch thc l ra: 3.53 4.5 m
S b mt l ra: 50 m2
Nng sut my ra: 3.8 tn KT/ m2, ngy
C bt vo: 141.5%
C bt ra: 12,5%
L ra: Kch thc li ra: D 113003 R 4500 mm
S mt li:
12 mt / cm2
Mt truyn ng: Cng sut: 15.3 kw
Tc :
041400 v/ ph
Tc my:
045 v/ ph
e. Cc s c xy ra khi ra :
1. Mt chn khng
+Nguyn nhn:
- li l r b rch
- vng lm kn b h
- Mc nc trong b qu t
- di ng qu ngn
- Do ng b t hoc r
+Gii quyt:
- V li hoc thay nu cn thit
- iu chnh li vng lm kn
- Bm thm nc
2. L quay b dng t ngt
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
+Nguyn nhn :
- Mt in
- Qu ti
- Bt c qu
- Hng ng c
+Gii quyt :
- ng in
- iu chnh lu lng bt vo ra cho thch hp
- Pha long bt
- Gi c kh sa
3. Bt khng bm ln l ra
+Nguyn nhn:
- Do mt chn khng
- Nng bt c
- Li bt
- Bt m
+Gii quyt:
- iu chnh thch hp lu lng bt ra vo
- Bm thm nc pha long bt
- V sinh li
- Loi sn si ra khi bt trc khi vo ra
4. Trn bt
+Nguyn nhn :
- Bt c, do bt khng bm ln l ra dn n n tc
dn trn. V th phi bm thm nc pha long bt.
p sut
- Thch hp nht 0,7- 0,8kg/cm2
- p sut vo thng 1,8- 2,5kg/cm2
- Trong qu trnh sng p sut quyt nh nng sut v
cht lng bt. p sut c khng ch bi dng bt vo v
dng bt ph thi. iu khinn s chnh lch p sut ny
bng mt thit b o p sut chnh lch.
e. H thng ph bt(HD-PXB.13):
1. Qut ht bt- loi HCMT 050( Fa 379):
Nng sut:
3 m3/ s
p sut:
2500 Pa
Tc :
1450 v/ ph
Mt: Cng sut: 37kw
Tc :
1500 v/ ph
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
2. My ph bt- loi SSA 10( Fb 200):

Tc :
1000 v/ ph
Mt: Cng sut: 15 kw
Tc :
1000 v/ ph
f. My lc dch en- Loail ABE 5000 (Th 104):
Kch thc l lc: 1.031.5 m
Lu lng dch lc: 120042000 l/ ph
Li lc: Kch thc li: D 32003 R 1600 mm
S mt li:
60 mt / inch
Tc :
1500 v/ ph
V. Sng, lm sch bt v tch lignin

bng oxy:
1. Mc ch ca qu trnh:
a. Sng v lm sch bt:
Mc ch ca khu sng l tch loi cc b x si b vn
cc, ho tan hoc lm mm lignin lin kt vi x si thu
c bt xenluloza c cht lng tt(ng u, cc x si c tch ri) cho lm giy.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Cn lm sch bt l loi b cc tp cht c kch thc nh

hn hoc bng
kch thc ca bt. Nhng c trng lng ln hn trng lng ca
bt.
V d: t, ct, si
b. Tch lignin bng oxy:
Mc ch ca giai on ny l tip tc tch loi lignin ->
lm gim lng ho cht s dng trong giai on ty trng
m khng lm nh hng n hiu sut v cht lng bt.(
giai on ny c th tch loi c t 40445% lignin).
2. iu kin k thut:
a. Sng v lm sch bt:
Tn thit b
p sut lm
Nng bt
vic(MPa)
vo(%)
Nng bt
hp cch
ra(%)
1.3 1.5
Sng cp 1
0.5
1.51.6
Sng cp 2
0.5
0.6 0.8
0.5 0.7
Sng cp 3
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.65
0.57
0.52
0.44
0.47
0.38
0.41
0.31
Lc ct giai
on 1
Lc ct giai
on 2
Lc ct giai
on 3
Lc ct giai
on 4
* Sng p lc:
- Nng sut sng s cp(Sc223, Sc224):
Bt hp cch:
226 tn KT/ ngy
Bt khng hp cch:
18420%
- Nng bt cp vo sng cp 1: 141.6%
- Nhit huyn ph bt:
700C
- Mt mt trong cng on sng:
1%
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
* H thng lm sch bt:

- Nng sut bt hp cch:
H thng lm sch giai on 1: 226 tn KT/ ngy
- p sut vn hnh:
Bt
Bt hp
Bt khng hp
p sut pha
STT vo
cch
cch
long
(Kpa)
(Kpa)
(Kpa)
(Kpa)
1
180
90
20
90
2
210
100
0
110
3
200
110
0
90
4
180
70
0
110
* My c c bt th:
- Nng sut:
226 tn KT/ ngy
- Nng bt vo my c c:
0.540.7%
- Nng bt ra khi my c c: 10412%
- Nhit nc ra( max):
800C
b. Giai on tch lignin bng oxy:
- Nhit phn ng: 90 950C
- p sut phn ng: 300 400 KPa
- Nng bt: / 11%
- pH( 250C): 10.5411
- Thi gian phn ng: 50460 pht
- Mc dng oxy: 16 kg/ tn bt KT
- Mc dng dch trng oxy ho: 16 kg/ tn bt KT
- Bt sau sng phi sch, khng thy c mnh nh sng
v mu mt.
- Dch trng oxy ho c: NaOH= 804100 (g/ l)
Na2S [ 2(g/ l)
- Bt sau tch lignin bng oxy c: Tr s kappa: 10413
nht:
700
3
cm / g
3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh sng:

a.Thit b:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Dng sng:
+Sng ni lu.
+Sng ngoi lu.
- m bo cht lng v nng sut tt ta to ra p lc cho
sng p lc
ny ph thuc vo cnh sng v l sng.
- Nhng phi khng ch p lc va phi i vi tng loi
sng. Nu p lc
ln qu lm nh hng n cht lng bt sau sng v thit
b sng. Nu
p lc nh qu th nng sut thp.
Mt sng:
- Dng hnh cn th nng sut cao v cht lng cao
- Hnh tr thng bt li sng, cht lng thp
- S rnh: Cht lng thp v nng sut cao
Tn s dao ng:
- Phi ph hp t 3-5 hoc n 10mm.
- Nu tn s dao ng ln lm bt ng cc v kt m
(nh s chuyn
ng v rung ng dn n loi b tp cht c kch thc
khc nhau
Yu t cng ngh:
- Nng bt: (0,3- 1%-2%)
- Nu nng bt c sinh ra hin tng kt m.
- Bt vo sng phi c nng ng u cao cho nn
bt nu xong ta phi
nh ti trnh s rch li sng.
4. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. Sng bt th:
Sng bt th c tin hnh trong cc sng p sut ly tm
loi M400 (Sc2234225) v chia thnh 3 cp: Sng cp
1(Sc223), sng cp 2(Sc224) v sng cp 3(Sc225).
Bt th c cp vo sng cp 1, bt khng hp cch ca
sng cp 1 c sng li sng cp 2. Bt hp cch sng
cp 1 v cp 2 c a sang h thng lm sch 4 giai on
v c c c ti nng 10412% trc khi a vo giai
on tin ty trng bng oxy. Bt khng hp cch ca sng
cp 2 c sng li trong sng cp 3. Bt hp cch c a
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
quay li sng cp 2 cn bt cn c loi b tp cht v sng

li sang cp 3 mt ln na.
Lng bt khng hp cch bng 20% cng sut. Cc sng u
c thit k ng ng v van phng trng hp 1
trong 3 sng b hng th c yh chuyn thnh sng 2 giai
on.Trn tt c cc sng u c lp h thng t ng
chng tc sng. S chnh lch p sut qua sng c
iu khin bng b iu khin p sut chnh lch(PDICA
P78,80,83). Nu nh p sut c xu hng ln dn (tc c xu hng tc) th van iu khin ca bt hp cch s lm gim lu
lng bt qua sng. Nh vy mt sng s c t ng v
sinh. Lu lng bt khng hp cch i ra t cc sng c iu
khin bng cc b iu khin lu lng ring(FIC F76-78).
Bt th c bm bng bm (Pu535) t b trn (Ch84) ti
ng ht bm cp (Pu527) cp ti cc sng s cp. Trc
khi huyn ph bt ti cc sng, chng c tch b mu mt
(Sc001) v cc tp cht trong cc Cyclon( Sc002, Sc003),
nng bt c iu chnh ti khong 2,5% bng b
iu khin nng QRC Q75 v nng sut yu cu ca
cng on c iu khin bng b iu khin lu lng FRC
F75. Bm( Pu527) cp bt ti cc sng c ni u ht vo
b nc lc Ch85. Nu vn hnh sn lng thit k (cng
sut cng on nu l 190 tn KT/ngy) th nng bt
cp vo khong 1-1,5%.
p sut nc pha long ti cc sng c iu khin bng b
iu khin PICA P81. Lu lng nc c iu chnh bng tay
ti ga tr yu cu v gi tr ny c th c c trn cc
ng h ch th lp ti ch.
b. Lm sch bt th:
Lm sch bt th c tin hnh qua h thng lng lc ly
tm 4 giai on. C s dng cc Cyclon lc ct (Sc3024
Sc305).
Giai on 1(Sc302) c: 34 chic
mi giai on u c lp t cc van tay gip cho ngi
vn hnh iu chnh tt p sut bt vo v ra mi giai
on theo mong mun v b phn tit kim hn ch ti
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
mc ti thiu s mt mt s si cun theo bt cn ra cng

rnh.
Bt hp cch t cc sng cp 1 (Sc223) c dn ti ng ht
ca bm Pu512 cp vo h thng lm sch giai on 1
(Sc302). ng ht ca bm cp c ni vo b nc lc Ch85
nn bt c pha long t nng 2,5% xung 0,6%. Bt hp
cch ca giai on sau c a vo giai on trc cn bt
thi ca giai on trc li c a vo giai on sau.
Bt hp cch t giai on lm sch th nht(Sc302) c c
c trn thit b kt hp c c v lc ra Th108-109 t
nng khong 0.51% n 12% -20% bt khng hp cch
t giai on lm sch th nht c dn ti ng ht ca bm
Pu613 cp bt vo h thng lm sch giai on 2
(Sc303). Bm cp ny c ni vi b nc lc cng ging nh
cp bt cho lm sch giai on th nht, do vy bt s c
pha long xung khong 0,5%.
Cc van ng m lin ng in c lp trn ng ng
y ca cc bm cp bt cho h thng lm sch giai n
th nht v th hai gim chn ng khi khi ng
bm. Mc gim p giai on th hai c iu chnh
bng cc van tay i vi c hai ng bt vo v ng bt
hp cch ra. Bt hp cch giai on th hai c quay tr li
bm Pu612 cp cho h thng lm sch giai on 1. Bt
khng hp cch ca giai on 2 c dn n bm Pu613
cp vo Cyclon lm sch giai on 3 Sc304.Ti y n
c pha long xung khong 0,4%. Mc gim p sut c
iu chnh nh giai on 2. Bt hp cch giai on 3 c
quay tr v giai on 2 qua bm Pu613. Bt khng hp cch
ca giai on 3 c a ti ng ht ca bm cp(Pu615)
cho giai on 4. Bt hp cch ca giai on 4 li c quay tr
li bm Pu614 cp cho giai on 3. Cn thi giai
on 4 c a xung b tit kim. Bt tch ra t b tit
kim c a quay tr li lc ct giai on 4.
Lu lng nc ti b tip kim di Cyclon c iu chnh sao
cho s si c tch b khi phn cn trit nht. Phn
cn thi giai on th 4 ny c thi b ra ngoi.
c.Thit b c c kt hp ra bt (Th108-109):
Thit b kt hp c dc v ra bt bao gm: My c c
Th180 loi2045 v my lc chn khng Th109 loi VFA3045.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
My lc chn khng c lp 5 ng phun ra bt ln cui

cng trc khi bt vo cng on ty trng. Lu lng nc
ra(VKK) c iu chnh bng b iu khin lu lng FRC
F79.
Lng nc ra phi c quyt nh cho ph hp vi vic s
dng nc khp kn trong dy truyn. Cc ng phun ra di
ng v sanh li lc lp trn c l c c bt v l lc
chn khng. Nc trng t b Ch89 c bm Pu534 cp
dng phun ra li l lc Th109 c trang b c dao bc
bt bng hi v qut thi kh bc bt.
Bt hp cch t h thng Cyclon lm sch giai on th nht
Sc302 c nng khong 0,51%, c tch bt nc my c
c Th108 ti nng bt khong 1% ri c cp vo
thit b lc ra Th109.
Trn ng thot nc lc ca l c c Th108 c lp mt b
iu khin mc LICA L79 b iu khin ny c x dng
iu khin nng bt ra khi my c c ph hp
vi nng bt vo ca my lc ra Th109 khong 15%.
Bt ra khi Th109 t nng khong 10-12%.T vt ti
vn chuyn kt hp nh ti bt Ev127 lp sau my lc
Th109, bt ri xung b cha Ch85.
Chp my lc ra c thot kh bng qut c ng dn ni
vo b khuch tn mi nh phn xng bt. Chp l lc
ra v cc ng dn u c lm bng cht do c gia cng
si FRP.
d. X l bt cn.
e. Giai on tch lignin bng oxy:
Tch lignin bng oxy sau qu trnh lm sch c coi l 1 qu
trnh nu tip theo. giai on nay, lignin vn c tip tc
tch ra m khng lm nh hng n hiu sut v cht lng
bt ng thi cn lm gim lng ho cht s dng giai
on ty sau . Giai on tch lignin bng oxy c tin
hnh nng bt trung bnh, nhit v p sut cao.
Cc ho cht s dng l dch trng oxy ho v oxy. Vic
tch lignin bng oxy c tin hnh trong mt thp ngc
dng, xt( dch trng oxy ho) c a vo bt t vt ti
Ev127 ca my lc ra Th109. Bt c bm vo thp phn
ng bng bm MC- bm nng trung bnh. Sau bt
wowcj gia nhit bng my gia nhit Mi001 v c khuy
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
trn u vi oxy trong my trn oxy Mi002 trc khi vo thp

phn ng Ch102. p sut trong thp c duy tr bng van
PC-P77. Cc kh nh N2, O2 s thot ra t bt sau qu trnh
phn ng. Ra bt sau giai on ny c tin hnh qua 2
my ra: my ra chn khng thng quay Th102 v my ra
vt p 542-Th201.
f. H thng nc trng:
Nc lc my ra vt p 542-Th201 c s dng lm nc ra
cho my ra Th102, Th109 v my ra th 4 cng on
ra.
g. H thng cng rnh.
5. Thit b:
a. Sng p lc- loi M400( 534-Th 2234225):
Cc thng s k thut:
Ba sng p lc 543-Sc223, Sc224 v Sc225 u c kch thc, cu to v nguyn l lm vic nh nhau. Nhng ch khc
kch thc l sng (sng s cp Sc223 c kch thc l sng l
1,4. Sng th cp Sc224, Sc225 c kch thc l sng l
1,6.
Cc loi sng ny u c thng s k thut nh nhau:
Loi M 400
Cng sut mt:
75 kw
Tc mt:
1500 v/ph
Tc roto:
1100 vg/ph
p sut lm vic(ti a):
0.5 MPa
Tng trng lng:
1600kg
Vt liu ch to:
thp SIS 2343 hoc SIS 2324
6
Cu to:
5
1.V my sng
8
2. Li sng
3. Lng sng
12
4. Phn nh ra hnh bn nguyt
5. ng h o p lc
6. Van thi khng kh
7. C cu truyn chuyn ng
1
8. Ca bt vo
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
9
3
2
4
9. Nc pha long
10
10. Ca bt tt
0
11
11. Ca thot bt xu
7
12. Mng lng ct
Nguyn l:
- Trc khi khi ng my ta np y nc vo trong sng
ui ht khng kh ra ngoi (chnh l to bt).
- Khi nc y th ta m van (6) th khng kh ra ht, khi
ta thy mt vi git nc chy ra theo th ta kho van (6)
li. Cho bt c nng t 1-1,5% vo sng, trn ng i
ca qua mng lng ct (12), nhng tp cht c trng lng ln
(ct, si) li (12) v c tho ra ngoi theo chu k.
- Bt vo trong sng khi l sng quay vi vn tc V=30m/s
nh s xo trn ca cc mu li hnh bn nguyt nh ra
ngoi, bt b dn nn y cc ht bt c kch thc nh qua
li sng ra ngoi.
- Bt c kch thc ln khng i c qua li sng chm xung
di y v c tho ra ngoi.
Nhn xt:
- Do cu to l sng c cc phn bn nguyt nh ra ngoi
(10mm) sinh ra s xo trn mnh khi l sng quay vi vn
tc V=30m/s
- Bt tt chuyn ng theo phng tip tuyn, b dn nn
v b p ra ngoi.V th cht lng bt sau khi sng l rt
tt, nng sut cao.
m bo nng bt n nh 1,5-2% ta phi b sung
nc v sau mi chu k ta phi v sinh sch.
b. H thng lm sch bt 4 giai on Sc 3024305:
Mc ch :
- Loi b cc tp cht c kch thc nh hn hoc bng kch
thc ca bt. Nhng c trng lng ln hn trng lng ca bt.
V d: t, ct, si
Yu cu: loi b trit cc tp cht m bo cht lng bt thun khit ng thi trnh s tn tht m
bo hiu qu kinh t.
Hnh dng:
3
Hnh di hoc hnh cn
cn 10-120
2
Cu to:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
1. V thit b
2. Ca bt vo
3. Ca bt tt ra
4. Ca tho tp cht
Nguyn l:
- Ta pha nng bt t 0,3 n 1% ta bm vo thit b
vi P =1,8-2,5kg/ cm2 theo phng tip tuyn ca thit b
dng bt chuyn ng theo dng xoy lc i xung.
- Ta xt 1 ht bt ti im D th ht bt chu nhng lc nh
sau:
P =mg : ( trng lc )
F1 = m a ( qun tnh
-V qu trnh chuyn ng xoy lc nn ht bt chi lc ly
tm:
f =
mv 2
r
nhng tp cht no c trng lng ln th chu lc ly tm

nhiu hn c tch ra khi dng bt tt bm dnh vo
thnh thit b v c tho ra theo chu k. Nhng ht bt tt
chuyn ng xung di va p vo y thit b sinh ra lc
phn tc dng lm cho dng bt i chiu. Do ng knh
thit b gim nn p sut y thit b rt ln so vi pha
trn to iu kin cho dng bt i ln dng bt ny l
dng bt tinh khit a i sn xut ngay.
Nhn xt:
- Thit b lm vic n chic, nng xut thp, cht lng
cao. m bo cng xut ca nh my ta lp nhiu thit
b lm vic song song nhau.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Ta c th dng lc ct hnh tr. Do cu to thit b ng

knh khng i cho nn to ra p sut thp nn cht lng
bt cao nn sn lng thp cho nn t khi s dng.
Sang my c c bt
534-Th108
S Lc Ct 4 cp:
4
1
2
3
5
3
5
3
Cn thi
1. Bt vo b cha v pha long i vo lc ct

2. B cha bt
3. Bm
4. Thit b lc ct
5. B cha bt xu sau lc ct:
Thuyt minh:
- Nguyn l lm vic ca lc ct ging nh n chic.Ta pha
bt b cha s 2 pha long bt t 0,51% ta bm bt vo
lc ct cp 1 bt tt cp 1 a i sn xut ngay. Bt xu ca
cp 1 vo b cha s 5 bm i lc ct cp 2 bt tt cp 2
a v b cha s 2 b cha cp 1,bt xu cp 2 a v lc
ct cp 3. Bt tt cp 3 a v b cha cp 2. Bt xu cp 3
a lc ct cp 4..
Nhn xt:
- Qu trnh lc ct rt hiu qu tch c nhng tp cht
em li cht lng bt c hiu qu.
c. My c c bt loi UVAU 2045 ( 534-Th 108):
Kch thc l: 2.034.5 m
Mt: Cng sut: 7.5 kw
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Tc : 1500 v/ ph
Tc my: 9 v/ ph
Mt li: 12 mt/ cm
d. My lc ra chn khng- loi VFA 3045B( 534Th109):
- Nng sut: 4.5 tn bt( kh 90%)/ ngy
- C vo: 141.5%
- C ra:
12%
- Cng sut mt: 12,2 kw
- Tc mt: 041400 v/ ph
- Tc l lc: 045 v/ ph
- Li lc: Kch thc: D9750 3 R4520 mm
S mt li: 12 mt/ cm
- Kch thc l: 3.034.5 m
e. Sng bt ph liu- loi RS 2B( 534-Sc230):
- Cng sut mt: 55 kw
- Tc my: 1175 v/ ph
- p sut bt vo(max): 0.1 bar
- p sut nc pha long: 347 bar
- Lu lnh nc tiu th cho pha long: 100 l/ph
- Khe h gia sng v cch gt: 0.541.5 mm
f. Thp phn ng oxy:

= 2.5 m
H= 16 m
V= 74 m3
p sut thit k: 0.7 MPa
Nhit thit k: 1500C
g. B phng Ch103:
= 2.5 m
H= 9.8 m
V= 48 m3
V tch hu hiu: 40 m3
p sut thit k: 20 MPa
Nhit thit k: 1100C
Vt liu: SSM 2333
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
h. My trrn oxy-loi FMB25:

Nng sut: 500 tn bt kh gi/ ngy
C bt vo: 3415%
Mt in: 45475 kw
Tc rto: 1500 v/ ph( 50Hz)
p l thit k: 1 MPa
Nhit thit k: 1000C
Nc lm kn: 345 l/ ph
p sut nc lm kn phi ln hn p sut lm vic ca my
trn t 0.240.3 MPa
Vt liu ch to: SS2343 (AFTM316)
i. H thng oxy ho dch trng:
Dch trng ti b phn ng:
Lu lng max: 2 m3/ h
C kim hot tnh( theo NaOH): 904100 g/l
CNa2S = 37.9 g/l
sulfua: 20430%
Nhit : 850C
Dch trng oxy ho t b phn ng ra:
Lu lng: 1.6 m3/ h
NaOH max: 0.047 kg/ s
Na2S max: 1 g/l
Nhit : 800C
Mt s thng s khc:
Vo
Khng kh vo my thi 200C: 0.34 t/h
Nc cp lin tc: 0.2 l/s
Nc v sinh: 1.3 l/s
Hi gia nhit: 040.3 t/h
Ra
Nc(sch) thi xung cng: 0.3 m3/h
k. My gia nhit M-001:
P = 1.6 MPa
Nng sut: 700 t/ ngy
T0 max: 2000C
L. Bm nng trung bnh Pu619:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
C lm vic: 10414%
Nng sut: 700 t/ngy
Cng sut ng c: 250 kw
VI. Ty bt:
1. Nhim v: Qu trnh ty c nhim v l loi b phn
ln lng lignin cn li trong bt sau cc qu trnh: nu, ra,
sng + lm sch v tch lignin bng oxy thu c bt c
trng theo yu cu sn xut giy.
2. iu kin:
* u vo:
Bt nu sau giai on tch lignin bng oxy c tr
10413
Dung dch NaOH c nng : 10064 g/l
Cl2 dng kh: p sut: 4504500 KPa
Dung dch H2O2 c nng : 461%
Dung dch NaClO c nng : 4062 g/l
p sut kh oxy: / 600 KPa
Giai
Nng
Nhit
Thi
pH
on
gian
(cui)
0
t
bt(%)
ty( C)
ty(ph
t)
Clo ho
11.5412
35440
30
1.842.2
Kim
10412
70478
1054120 10.5411
ho
Hypo
40
11
1004120 8.549.5
ho
* u ra:
Bt trng u, khng c bi, khng ln mnh.
PH ca bt: 748
Tn clo: Sau giai on clo ho: 0.0240.14 g/l
Sau giai on H:
0.05 g/l
trng: 81485% ISO
nht: / 450 cm3/g
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
s kappa:
Mc dng ho
cht
(kg/T bt KT)
Cl2: [30
NaOH: 22425
H2O2: 10412
O2:
6.0
NaClO: 12
Cng sut thit k: 209 tn bt ty trng KT/ ngy

Tn tht bt sau ty: 4.545%
Trnh t ty: C-EOP-H
Nng lc ca my ra: 5 tn bt KT/m2, ngy
Nng bt ra sau my ra: 10412%
3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh ty:

a. PH mi trng ty:
PH l yu t rt quan trng trong qu trnh ty v mi loi
ho cht mnh yu iu kin PH khc nhau.Vi d: Cl ( PH
=1 2),HClO (PH = 9-10)
ClO (PH= 6 7)
- Tnh cht oxi tng dn khi PH gim dnv ngc li.
- Nu ty trng bt i hi c bn c hc cao khng
nn ty PH thp.
- i vi nhng ho cht c tnh oxi ho mnh khng nn ty
PH mnh ca n nh HClO nghim cm ty trng PH < 7
v HClO c tnh oxi ho mnh nht cho nn tu theo cht lng sn phm v cht ty iu chnh PH c thch hp
t c hiu qu mong mun.
b. Nhit ty:
- Nhit tng dn n tc phn ng tng dn n
thi gian ty s gim nhng khng th tng tu tin m tng
nhit ph thuc vo bn cht cht ty.
Vi d : Cl2 dng kh ty t0= 20 250C nu nhit cao
th kh s
bay hi mt tc dng trong qu trnh ty .
- i vi nhng cht c tnh oxi ho mnh th ta phi khng
ch nhit thch hp nh HClO t0 < 400C.
- i vi ClO2 ch tc dng vi lignin v cht mang mu n
khng tc dng Cenluloza m n cn bo v Cenluloza cho
nn ta ty t0 =70 800C.
- Nu nhit cao qu gii hn ca cc cht tham gia phn
ng v Cenluloza b ph hu khng t c kt qu.
c. Nng bt:
Nu nng bt tng th c nhiu u im sau:
- Nng bt tng th dch ty t b pha long cho nn tc
thm
thu dch ty tng ln th thi gian ty
gim.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
- Nng bt tng trong qu trnh khuy trn sinh ra ma

st v nhit cho nn phn ng to nhit lm cho nhit
trong qu trnh ty tng ln cho nn cc phn ng cn nhit
ta khng th cung cp nhit.
- Nng bt tng lm cho cc tnh cht ty hu hiu
tng ln.
V d: Tiu tn clo cho ty 4%, nng bt 6% .
4.6 100 6
:
= 0,00153%
100
6
Nng bt l 18%.
4.18 100 18
:
= 0,16%
100
18
- Nu ta tng nng bt ln 3 ln th clo hot tnh tng

10 ln .
- Nn ta phi iu chnh nng bt thch hp vi diu
kin k thut hn ch cc phn ng ph Cenluloza it b
ph hu.
- Nng cao thit b gn nh nhng cho php < 20%. Nu
cao qu lm kh khn cho qu trnh khuy trn sinh ra phn
ng cc b.
d. Bn cht cht ty:
- Mi loi ho cht c tnh mnh yu khc nhau nhng u
ging nhau tnh cht oxi ho kh lignin v hp cht mang
mu a chng v dng ho tan mc khc nhau.
- Cng mt dng ho cht nhng dng mui khc nhau tnh
cht oxi ho cng khc nhau nh: NaClO, Ca(ClO)2.
- Tnh cht Hypoclort Natri mnh hn Hypoclort Canxi v
Na l kim loi mnh cn Canxi dng kim loi th.
- Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng Hypoclort Natri ty
trng bt sn xut giy cao cp v bt ch bin ho hc
v gi thnh cao
- Sn xut giy thng i hi bt trng khng cao ta
dng Hypoclort Canxi r tin v d kim.
e. Thi gian ty:
-Thi gian ty thch hp nu thiu, tha thi gian th cht lng bt b nh hng v hiu qu ty khng tt.
4. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. Khi qut chung:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Qu trnh ty trng bt giy c thc hn qua 3 giai

on: C-EOP-H
( giai on clo ho- giai on trch ly
kim c tng cng oxy v peoxit- giai on hypo ho). Cc
ho cht c s dng trong qu trnh ty l: kh clo(Cl 2),
hyroxit natri(NaOH), kh oxy(O2), hyro peoxit(H2O2),
natri hypoclorit(NaClO).
b. Giai on clo ho(C):
Bt th(C=10%) t thp nng cao Ch83 c a ti my
ra p Th201, sau my ra bt c nng t 25430% c
pha long xung nng 12% ti vt ti Ev401 ri c thp
nng trung bnh Ch141. T y bt c bm nng
trung bnh Pu635 bm ti my trn clo Mi201.
Lu lng bt giai on ny c iu khin trn b iu
khin FC F02.
Nng bt c iu chnh trn b iu khin QRC
Q01. Lu lng kh
clo ti my trn clo c iu khin bng FC F04.
Bt oc clo ho mt phn my trn clo Mi201 c
a ti y thp
qua thit b phn tn bt Mi202 y thp. Vi cng sut
209 tn bt ty
trng / ngy th thi gian lu li trong thp clo ngc dng l
30 pht.
Thi gian lu ca bt s ph thuc vo lu lng bt vo trn b
iu
khin FC F02.
T thp ty clo ho bt c pha long( bng bm Pu637 v
Pu502) ti
nng 1.2% v ra trn my ra chn khng Th100. Lu
lng nc pha
long c iu chnh bng van tay trn van iu khin
HC C01. Nc
nng 750C t cng on nu bt (b phn 532) c dng
lm nc ra bt
nhm ra bt c sch nht v gi nhit cho bt trc khi
cp sang giai
on ty EOP.
c. Giai on trch ly kim c tng cng oxy v
peroxit(EOP):
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Ti ng ra ca bt my ra Th100 sau giai on clo ho,

ngi ta np
kim(NaOH.10%) vi mc dng khong 242.5% so vi bt
KT. Dung
dch hypo peroxit(H2O2) c b sung vo bt b cha bt
nng trung bnh Ch143 vi mc dng t 9410 kg/ tn bt
KT.
Bt c vn chuyn ti thap ty giai on EOP( thp ngc
dng Ch144, thp xui dng Ch64) bng bm nng trung
bnh Pu638. Trc khi ti thp ty bt c trn vi oxy ti my
trn oxy Mi203. Theo sn lng bt l 209 tn bt ty trng /
ngy v nhit phn ng l 704750C th thi gian lu ca
bt trong thp l 1104120 pht, tu theo nng sut chy my.
Ti vng pha long y thp xui dng, bt c pha pha
long t nng khong 12% xung khong 3% bng nc lc
bm ln t b Ch 65. Ngay trc my ra bt c pha long
xung khong 1.2% bng nc lc t giai on ty EOP. Nc
lc hypo(BHY) t b nc lc Ch69 c dng lm nc ra bt
qua cc vi phun trn my ra Th101.
d. Giai on hypo ho(H):
Ti ng bt ra ca may ra Th101 sau giai on ty EOP ta
b sung kim(NaOH.10%) v natri hypoclorit(NaClO). Lng
NaClO.40g/l c dng vi mc dng khong 0.541.2% tu theo
yu cu v trng, kim c b sung iu chnh
pH ca giai on nay t 949.5 trnh ph hu x si. Vi
sn lng bt khong 210 tn bt ty trng / ngy th thi
gian lu trong thp ty l 180 pht. Bt t thp ty hypo( thp
xui dng) c a ti my ra chn khng Th103. Ti ng
ra ca bt my ra ny ta b sung SO 2 trung ho ht
cc cht oxy ho cng d v h thp pH trc khi bm bt vo
hai b cha bt nng cao Ch70 v Ch71.
c. Cc b cha bt nng cao.
5. Thit b:
a. My ra chn khng thng quay-loi VFA
3045B( Th1004Th103): c cu to v nguyn tc hot
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
ng ging my ra chn khng thng quay giai on ra

bt sau nu.
Thng s k thut:
Kch thc l ra: 3.53 4.5 m
S b mt l ra: 42.3 m2
Nng sut my ra: 4.5 tn KT/ m2, ngy
C bt vo: 141.5%
C bt ra: 12%
L ra: Kch thc li ra: D 97503 R 4500 mm
S mt li:
12 mt / cm2
Tc :
041400 v/ ph
Tc l lc:
045 v/ ph
b. My ra p hai l- loi DPA921( Th201):
Cu to:
Bt sch
sach
C=30435%
sach
Thng s k thut:
C bt vo=345%
C bt ra= 30435%
Nng sut: 9410 tn bt KT/h
Chuyn ng bng mt thu lc
Mt bm du: Cng sut: 45kw
Tc : 1450 v/ph
Tc my: 649 v/ph max: 13 v/ph
p lc p: 849 MPa
* S c v cch gii quyt:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Bt vo my ra
C= 345%
S c
1.Nng bt ra
thp
Nguyn nhn
- p sut thu lc
thp ngha l
mmen quay thp.
- Do tc nghn
tng phn bn
my.
- C bt vo thp
2. Nng bt ra
cao
3. p sut thu lc
cao, my p khng
chy
- p sut thu lc
cao
-Tc nghn bt
gia hai l p.
- Bn my b tc
nghn bt.
4. p sut trong
bn my cao
5. Nng sut p
thp hn nhiu so
vi nng sut thit
k
6. Lng x trong
dch lc cao
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Cch gii quyt

- iu chnh tc
.
- M v sinh sch
bn my nu cn
thit.
- iu chnh trn
b iu khin.
- Bm nt chy
tng l v n nh
l p quap.
- H vt xung
v sinh cho sch.
- Bn my b tc
- Phun bn ra,
nghn
lm sch hoc
- khong cch gia tho x bn my.
hai l qu rng, v - Loi khng kh trvy tm bt qu
c khi a bt vo
dy.
my p.
- Lng khng khi
- Tng nng bt
trong bt i vo
vo.
nhiu.
- Nng bt
thp.
- ng bt vo
- Phi v sinh
hoc bn my b
- Tng nng bt
tc.
vo
- Nng bt vo
qu thp.
- im lm kn
-Kim tra nc vo
u l khng c lm kn.
tt.
c. Bm nng trung bnh-loi CMD 2010( Pu635,

Pu638):
C lm vic:
10414%
Nng sut:
700 tn/ ngy
Cng sut mt: 250kw
d. My trn oxy, trn clo- loi FM B25( M002, M201,

M203):
Nng sut: 500 tn bt kh gi/ ngy
C lm vic: 34 15%
Cng sut mt in: 45475 kw
Tc rto: 1500 v/ ph
p lc thit k: 1 MPa
Nhit thit k: 1000C
Nc lm kn: 345 l/ph
p sut nc lm kn ln hn p sut lm vic ca my trn t
0.240.3 MPa
Vt liu ch to: SS2343 (ASTM316)
e. My trn hi trc n- loi MDB 515B( 542 Mi191):
Tc my: 300 v/ ph
Cng sut mt: 22kw
Tc mt: 1000 v/ ph
f. Bm cp dch H2O2 ( Pu530):
Loi bm: 607 300-1
Nng sut bm: max 806 GPH
p sut lm vic: 35 psi
Nh ch to: USA
g. Thp ty clo Ch142: L loai thp ty ngc dng.
Thi gian lu: 30 pht
D = 1.7 m
H = 16.5 m
V = 35 m3
h. Thp ty giai on EOP:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Thi gian lu: 1104120 pht

* Thp ngc dng:
D=2m
H = 13 m
V = 19 m3
p sut thit k: 0.4 MPa
Nhit thit k: 950C
Vt liu ch to: Thp khng g SD M 2205
* Thp sui dng:
D = 4.5 m
H = 15 m
i. Thp ty hypo ho Ch68:
L loi thp xui dng
D = 4.5 m
H = 15 m
k. B cha bt nng cao Ch83 v Ch70-71:
V = 1000 m3
* Phn tr trn:
D=9m
H = 22 m
* Phn tr di:
D = 5.5 m
H=3
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
C. Phn x
xng
ng giy:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
II. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn phn

xng giy:
Phn xng giy gm c hai my xeo v mi my xeo c
cng on chun b bt ring.
Phn xng xeo ca nh my giy Bi Bng s dng 3 tuyn

bt lm giy:
* Tuyn bt ngoi:
Bt ngoi( PP) p dng tm c a vo cc b ngin thu
lc
( Ch604Ch62) nh ti v pha long nng bt lc
ny l 4-5%, sau bt c bm( Pu5004Pu502) bm vo
b ngm bt( Ch64-1) khong 142 h, nng bt vn l
445% (mc ch ca ngm l trng n bt ) V tip
tc bm vo b cha bt( Ch64-2)
bng bm ly
tm( Pu504-1).
Bt c pha long 3.8% ri bm qua my nghin a( 64DDR3). Sau bt c a vo b Ch65, ti y bt c
pha long xung khong 3.5% ri mi a qua my nghin
cn RF165. cui cng bt i ti b hn hp Ch67.
* Bt giy rch:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Giy rch c thu li v a vo cc b nghin hon

thnh( Ch83), b nghin cui sy( Ch81), b nghin di trc
bng nh li thnh bt sau c tp trung vo b
giy rch 2( Ch77). T b ny bt c a ln thit b c
c bt giy rch( Th110) ri a xung b giy vn
1( Ch76). T y bt c bm Pu 527 bm i qua my
nh ti RF168 ri mi a vo b hn hp Ch67.
* Tuyn bt ni:
Bt ni( BP) t phn xng bt a sang c cha trong 2 b
cha bt nng cao( Ch70 v Ch71). T y bt c hai
bm Pu517 v Pu518 bm n b Ch63, ri bm Pu503 li
a qua 2 my nghin a
( 64-DDR1v 64-DDR2). Sau khi nghin bt c a vo b
cha Ch66, ri t bt c a ti h thng my nghin
cn( RF1604RF165). Tip n bt c a vo b hn hp
Ch67, ti y ngoi bt ni cn c bt ngoi( PP), bt giy
rch v ngi ta cn b sung phm mu(DYE) cng cht tng
trng( OBA). T b hn hp Ch67 bt c bm Pu507 a
qua h thng nghin tinh gm hai my nghin cn RF166
v RF167 mc ni tip. Sau khi nghin bt c a vo b
cha bt Ch68, ti y ngi ta b sung tinh bt cation. Sau
bt c bm ln hm iu tit Ch105 ri mi a vo
h thng lc ct 4 giai on. Trc khi vo lc ct bt c b
sung keo AK v CaCO3. Bt tt t lc ct giai on 1 cng vi
cht tr bo lu bentonite c a vo h thng sng p lc 2
cp. Sau khi qua sng bt c a vo hm phun bt p
lc( C=0.440.8%) khng c m kh.
T hm phun bt c phun ln li( li di) hnh thnh t
giy vi vn tc gn bng vn tc li( tm hnh thnh, h
thng tm gt nc, h thng hp ht chn khng, trc bng
chn khng). T u li n cui li kh ca giy tng
dn, sau khi qua trc bng chn khng kh ca giy
khong 18420%. Sau giy c cho i qua 4 cp p
loi nc v tng kho ca t giy ln khong 404 42% ri
mi a vo giai on sy trc khi p gia keo. Sau khi ra khi
giai on sy ny giy c kh khong 94498%, khi ra
keo tng bng, nhn v kh nng chng thm
kh ca giy gim xung cn khong 68470%. Do , giy
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
cn phi c sy giai on sau ra keo nng kh ln

93494%. Sau khi sy giy c a qua 1 l lnh ri mi a
qua p quang cui cng l n l cun.
* Chun b bt:
H thng chun b bt ca my xeo 1 cng s dng 3 tuyn
bt nh my xeo 2 nhng trong phn chun b bt ni khng
s dung my nghin a tc l bt t b Ch63 c a
thng ti b Ch66 m khng qua nghin a. Cn, tuyn
bt ngoi v bt giy rch th tng t nhau.
* My xeo 1( PM1):
My xeo 1 khc my xeo 2 l y s dng loi my xeo li
i v khng c p gia keo b mt( sp ti my xeo 1
cng s c lp thm phn p gia keo) nn giy do my 1
sn xut ra ch yu lm giy vit, giy v hc sinh,
giy in loi B( loi A c p gia keo).
III. H thng chun b bt:

1. Mc ch:
Chun b ra loi bt tt nht ph hp vi yu cu sn xut ca
tng loi giy.
2. iu kin k thut:
+Bt ni:
- c lm sch v ty trng n trng theo yu cu
sn xut ca tng loi giy.( C = 12414%).
- pH = 748
- nht: / 450 cm3/g
+Bt ni dng tm gm c hai loi si ngn v si di( c
kh t 92493%)
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. nh ti (nghin thu lc):
Giai on nh ti mc ch l nh ti bt nhp
dng tm v cc giy rch thu hi. vic nh ti uc thc
hin trong my nghin thu lc c th l tng m ho lin
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
tc. My ny c thit k lm vic mt nng bt nht

nh thng t 3%47%.
Cu to:
1. V my
2. Dao thnh
3. li lc
4. Dao y
Nguyn l hot ng: Bt tm (giy rch) v nc snh c
a vo my nghin, nh tc ng ca p lc nc v cc dao
thnh v y my nghin cc tm bt c nh tan vo
nc to thnh huyn ph bt. Bt c rt ra khi my qua cc
li lc nh bm.
V my
Bt vo
Li lc
Dao thnh
Bt ra
b. Nghin:
lin kt hoc ni cc th si vi nhau khi hnh thnh t
giy th thnh s cp phi uc x ho. iu ny c thc
hin nh qa trnh nghin bt.
C 2 phng thc nghin bt l thu ho v ct ngn. Phng php ct ngn cho ta bt d thot nc, phng php
ny ch yu l si b ct ngn , bt ny cho ta giy c
nm v xp. Phng php thu ho s cho ta bt do, x
si ngn, bt ny cho ta t giy cht v bn. Thc t th
khng th no c c bt ging hon ton vi 2 loi trn vi
iu kin ch nghin bt theo phng php ct hoc thu
ho.
Nhng yu t nh hng n qu trnh nghin bt:
Qu trnh nh bt c th iu khin c i c
nhng tnh cht ca giy khc nhau t cng mt loi bt. Bt
c nu cao( tr s kapa thp) th hu ht lng
hemicellulo b ho tan, hu nh khng c kh nng
nghin na v v th ta c bt ri. Bt sunphit vi hm lng
hemicenllulo cao th d nghin v cho ta bt do.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Th si phi uc trng n trong qu trnh nghin v bt s

d tr thnh bt do nu c nghin trong mi trng kim.
Nu bt nghin trong thi gian ngn v ph ti cao s c
bt ri thi gian nghin bt ko di vi ph ti thp ta c bt
do.
Nu nng bt thp dao s tin gn n nhau th th si
d dng b ct. Nu mun c bt do v giy bn th phi
nghin bt nng cao.
Ngay c hnh dng v vt liu lm dao cng rt quan trng.
Nu my nghin c dao mng th p sut gia cc b mt
tip xc s rt cao gy nn vic ct ngn tng. Mun c bt
do th dao nghin bt phi dng dao dy.
Bt ra
* My nghin cn:
Dao bay
Cu to:
di
Bt vo
Dao bay ngn
Thng s k thut:
V
Tc : 75041000vng/pht
xin li dao: 10-200
Nguyn l lm vic: Bt c a vo theo ca u nh khi
roto quay my nghin to thnh mt hnh xon c a bt
i qua dao bay v vo dao . ti y bt b ct ngn
v nh ti ri theo ca ra ngoi khe h gia dao bay v
dao c th iu chnh c.
* My nghin a:
Bt ra
Cu to:
Bt vo
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
a c
nh
a quay
Thng s k thut:
nghing ca rng so vi trc tm l 900. Do c th
hoc ng nng bt rt cao t 3,5%-5%
Nguyn l lm vic:
Trong cc my nghin a vic nghin bt c thc hin
gia 2 a dao phng. Cc a dao c hnh dng khc
nhau trong my nghin a m c mt a quay th bt
c a vo tm ca a c nh, lc ly tm s vng bt
t khu vc nghin bt gia cc a v ra ngoi
C. Ph gia:
+ Tinh bt cation:
Mc dng: 0.841%
C = 1.5%
+ Cht tng trng:
- i vi bt cn trng 90494%
Mc dng: 5 Kg/ tn bt KT
C = 100%
- i vi bt cn trng 80484%
Mc dng: 1.5 Kg/ tn bt KT
C = 30%
+ Keo AK:
Mc dng: 0.741%
C = 15%
+ Cht tr bo lu:
- Bentonite:
Mc dng: 0.344%
C = 1%
- Cataretin:
Mc dng: 250g/tn
C = 2g/l = 0.2%
+ Phm mu:
Mc dng: 1504180 kg/tn
C = 0.340.4%
+ CaCO3:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
nh lng( g/ m2)
52460
65480
804100
C( g/l)
280
300
350
Mc dng( %)
10412
14
16418
Trong sn xut thu uc giy c cht lng cao ngoi s

dng bt tt cn phi dng thm cc cht ph gia nhm
nng cao cc tnh cht ca t giy. Tu thuc vo mc
ch s dng ca tng loi giy khc nhau m ta s dng
cc ho cht khc nhau. Tuy nhin mi quan tm ln nht
cho vic dng ph gia l vn kinh t.
Ph gia keo AKD
Mc ch ca ph gia ny l lm cho giy c tnh chng
thm tt.Tc ng ca phn t keo l to cho b mt x
si mt lp ngn cn s khuyt tn ca dung dich nc. Mc
khc, n c tc diung tng bn, tng s lin kt gia cc
x si t v to bng cho b mt t giy.
Tinh bt cation
L hidoratcacbon tng hp, khng tan trong nc. Do khi
gia keo trong bt giy phn b khng u bo ho trn
giy thp .V vy tinh bt trc khi cho vo bt giy cn phi
h ho.Tc dng ca tinh bt l lm tng d kt dnh gia
cc x si , lam cho t giy c chu bc cao, cng
cao, x ngang x dc cao.
CaCO3, cht tng trng
Cht ny ch dng trong dy chuyn kim tnh do CaCO 3
tan c trong mi trng axit.Cc cht ny thng c cho vo
ci thin tnh cht quang hc v vt l ca t giy.Cc
ht vt liu ph gia c in kn vo cc l hng ca cc
x si lm cho t giy cht, mm, sng v nhn bng.Mt
khc n gip cho qu trnh hnh thnh t giy c tt
hn.Cht ny c cho vo b trn.
Bentonit
C tc dng lm phn b u cc ht x si trn li lm cho
cht lng t giy ng u.Cht ny c a vo trc hm
phun bt .
cht tr bo lu
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Dng loi 2 thnh phn :polime m ,dng.Dng bo lu cc

cht trn li,thng cho vo trc sng hoc phn thu hi bt
Phm mu
Dng pha l t giy, c tc dng v cm quan,

lm cho khi nhn vo khng b lo mt.
IV. Lm sch bt v xeo giy:

1. Mc ch:
Loi b cc cht bn nh: cn, ct( theo cc cht ph gia vo
trong bt), cc b x si b vn cc thu c loi bt tt
nht c th.
Sn xut ra t giy c cc tiu chun theo yu cu
2. Qu trnh cng ngh:
Thng thng bt vo phn xng xeo l bt sch m n

khng cn lm sch na .Tuy nhin ,khi x l phn xng
ny th mt vi loi tp cht c th ln vo bt c bit l
nhng mnh nh t cc li dao ca my nghin . Nu cc
mnh ny lu li trong dy chuyn th chng s gy nn h
hng v lm mn my xeo ,gy cn tr vn hnh,gy t
giy,kh cun giy giy x x lm hng my in.Cc mnh
nh ,mt ca ca bt v lng t bn chi s gy nn cc vt
v tng nng bt trong giy v n s lm cho giy t.
Do ta phi lm sch bt trc khi a n vo hm phun ca
my xeo . Vic lm sch bt c bn da vo cc nguyn l
sau :
-Sng bt ngha l bt phi i qua cc l sng hoc cc
khe nh ca tm sng m tp cht khng i qua c .
-Lm sch bng dng chy xoy ,ngha l cc ht c t
trng cao nh l ct hoc cht c kch thc b mt ring nh
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
nh l mt ca th c tch ra khi bt khi bt i qua my lm

sch bng dng chy xoy .
-Lm sch bng t tnh ngha l nhng ht nhim t
trong bt c tch ra bng my c t tnh .
a/H thng lc ct 4 giai on:
Bt sau khi trn ho cht t b ch c pha long v c a
vo h thng cp mt .Qua cp mt bt c a i qua giai
on tip theo,cn cp mt c pha long v a vo cp
hai c th choi n cp bn .Cn cp bn c loi b
,sn phm cp bn th c pha long v quay tr li cp
ra
ba c th cho n cp mt .Mi cp ca hBt
thng
lc ct
bn giai on bao gm nhiu my lc .
Cu to ca mt my lc ct
1.thn
2
2.ng trung tm
3.ca tho cn
Bt vo
3
Cn
Nguyn l lm vic :
Da vo lc qun tnh li tm ,dng bt i vo theo phng
tip tuyn vi thn hnh tr .Sau khi vo thn ,dng bt
chuyn dng xoy theo hng ca v thit b to nn lc
qun tnh li tm l vng cc ht cn v ri xung y. Bt
c khi lng ring nh hn nn theo ng trunhg tm ra
ngoi .
Cc thng s ca thit b lc ct :
H thng lc
C bt vo(%) C bt hp
C bt
ct
cch(%)
thi(%)
Giai on 1
0.85
0.72
1.18
Giai on 2
0.61
0.52
1.68
Giai on 3
0.47
0.38
1.53
Giai on 4
0.38
0.31
0.8
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Tn thu
0.8
0.22
0.59
- p lc bt vo: 400 KPa

- p lc bt ra: 250 KPa
- p lc bt thi: 150KPa
b.Sng p lc B-1200( 2 cp):
Dng nh ti v loi b cc tp cht c trong bt trc
khi a ti hm phun.
Cu to:
Ging sng cng on sng v lm sch ca phn xng
bt.
Nguyn l lm vic:
Bt c a vo t ca ng np bt qua b phn phn phi
9, phn b u trong thit b. Khi rto quay s to nn lc
qun tnh li tm p bt trong thit b chui qua l li ca
tm sng ra ngoi. Cn c a ra ngoi qua ca tho cn.
Qu trnh sng xy ra lin tc.
Thng s k thut:
Nng bt vo: 0.54 0.7 %
Tc : 13.2 m/s
Nng sut: 18.1451.8 m3/ph/2 cp
Lu lng bt: 22000 l/ph
p lc bt vo: 110 KPa
p lc bt ra: 80 Kpa
lng hi lu: 4%
c. Hm phun bt:
Thng s k thut:
Chiu rng: 4150 mm
Lu lng max: 0.625 m3/s
min: 0.167 m3/s
Lng tun hon: 10%
Vn tc thit k: 10 m/s
m mi phun: max : 70 mm
min: 5mm
+ M t kh iu chnh m ca mi phun:
Loi: TRM3FA-200
p sut: 0.5 MPa
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Tc : 100 v/ph
Lu ln kh: 2.5 m3/ph
Cng sut thit k: 3PS
Tc m ng: 0.26 mm/ sec
Nhim v:
Phn b u dng bt ln li to iu kin cho vic
hnh thnh t giy.
Hm phun c th iu chnh gc phun hoc nng ln h
xung ph hp vi trc ngc. Mi phun c th iu
chnh m.
d. Bm qut M820-01( Pu512I):
Nng sut: 60 m3/ph
Chiu cao y: 45m
Cng sut mt: 630kw
e. xeo giy:
cng ty giy Bi Bng, hin nay dng 1 my xeo li i v
mt my xeo li di.
Hn hp bt c tch nc gia hai li, c lng nc trng thot ra
qua hai li bng nhau. Cn phi m bo cho nc thot ra
u n dc theo chiu di v theo chiu ngang. Vic
thot nc tu thuc vo c dy truyn my xeo. Phn ln c
b ch cc cu kin to ra s thot nc ph thuc vo tc
my sc cng li. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo nhit v
nng bt, dy lp bt trn li v tnh cht ca bt.
t c yu cu nht nh, vic b tr c cu thot nc
phi ph hp vi tnh cht ca bt v li xeo. Qu trnh thot
nc y ch yu da vo lc ht chn khng ca cc h
thng tm gt, hm ht chn khng trc bng chn khng,
l hnh thnh c ht chn khng( i vi may xeo li di).
B phn hnh thnh lm vic vi bt c nng khong
0,2 n 1%.
* Cc loi chn li my xeo:

SS Loi
My
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Chiu
Chiu
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Li ngoi
Li trong
Li lt
Li co
Chn p 1
Chn p 2
Chn p 3
Chn p 1
Chn p 2
Chn p 3
Li sy1
Li 2,3,5
pha trn
Li 2,3,5
pha di
Li sy 3
trn
Li sy 3
di
Li sy 4
trn
Li sy 4
di
Li nhm
l lnh
xeo
PM1
PM1
PM2
PM1
PM1
PM1
PM1
PM2
PM2
PM2
PM1
PM2
PM1
PM2
PM1
rng(mm)
4350
4350
4400
5000
4400
4400
4400
4400
4400
4400
4150
di( mm)
16170
18500
37600
4550
18700
17200
19900
24500
1800
21500
49500
4150
31500
4150
35000
PM2
4200
37000
PM2
4200
39000
PM2
4200
26500
PM2
4200
32500
PM1
4150
18000
19
f. B phn p.
kh ca t giy sau trc bng khong 20%. Lng nc cn
li phi c tch bng cch p v sy kh. Nguyn l ca p
l t giy c nn bng c hc t trn im bo ho.
Sau khi p i khi xy ra trng hgiy b nt, lng nc tch ra
trong t giy l qu ln v n ph v lin kt gia cc th si.
Nhng nhm th si khng c sp t v khng ng
u s pht sinh trong t giy lm gim cht lng t giy.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
kh ca t giy sau b phn p ph thuc vo nh lng tc

my, nhit , qu trnh nh ti bt v ton b cc
loi bt. i vi mt s loi giy gi bao b th kh l
35% c th chp nhn c trong khi giy in bo c th
ln n 40%. Ngoi vic tch nc ra khi t giy b phn p
cn c nhim v dn t giy t b phn li n b phn
sy.
B phn p ca nh my giy Bi Bng c 4 cp p:
p 1+2:
y l loi p lin hp, l l chn khng cng l l
nng ht giy v chuyn t giy trc tip t li sang p.
y l loa kt hp chn khng v p c li, do l p
chn khng cng l nng bt giy. T giy lc ny cn m
t v c nhiu nc i qua l p nay nc c tch ra nh
nhng hm ht chn khng pha di li, nc c tch ra
pha trn. y cn gi l giai on p t, kh sau cp
p ny khong 35%.
p 3:p thng nhng c li. T giy lc ny hi
kh nhng vn cn nc, nn khi i qua l p ny(c c li)
tch thm mt phn nc trong t giy m khng lm cho t
giy b rch hay nhu nt i do c h thng chn p(khng
p trc tip), mt mt lm gim p sut thu tnh trong
khe p bng cu trc m ca li. kh ca t giy sau l p
ny khong 40-45%.
p 4:p lng(khng c c chn v li). T giy lc
ny hon ton kh, p giai on ny khng c tc
dng tch nc ra v khng c c chn v li p. So vi cc
cp p trc th l p ny nng hn, c b mt rt nhn
c tc dng lm cho b mt ca t giy mn v phng
hn, bng hn, cht hn. Do l p ny ngi ta cn gi
l l p quang.
Chn li cho b phn p: chn phi m bo c cc c
tnh sau l thot nc tt, kich thc ng u n
nh, bn cao, cu trc thong,khng b x lng v kh
nng bm giy tt. Chn s dng b phn ny c mt s
chc nng sau:
-Ht nc t t giy qua khe p
- t giy qua khe p trnh hin tng p
nt
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
-Phn b mt lc p ng u n nh
trn sut ton b c b mt ca t giy trnh hin tng to
vt, lm nhn nhu t giy
-Chuyn giy t b phn ny sang b phn
khc
* Mt s thng s k thut ca l p:
Sc cng chn v li ti a:300kp/m
Tc :
800m/p
p sut p 1:
60kp/cm
p sut p 2:
90kp/cm
p sut p 3:
40kp/cm
g.B phn sy.
Mt s thng s c bn:
PM1:
- Tc my xeo: 489.9 m/ph
- Tc cun: 509.9 m/ph
- p lc hi vo:
nhm sy 5: 110.9 KPa
nhm sy 6: 110.9 KPa
PM2:
- Tc my xeo: 572.5 m/ph
- Tc cun: 586.2 m/ph
- p lc hi vo:
nhm sy 4: 224 KPa
nhm sy 5: 320 KPa
nhm sy 6: 320 KPa
Giy sau l p th hai c kh khong 40445% c a
vo b phn sy, lng nc cn li trong t giy lc ny nm
gia nhng th si, mt phn bn trong thnca th si. Mc
ch ca qu trnh sy l lm bay hi nc c trong t giy
t c kh khong 90495% bng cch cho t giy
i qua nhng l sy l nhng l lm bng kim loi c ng
hi nc i pha trong truyn nhit cho t giy trn b mt
l. giai on u ca qu trnh sy, b mt v ng mao
qun lp y nc t do, sau khi sy b mt bt u kh
v vng bay hi s chuyn vo pha trong t giy v sy s
kh khn hn. Khi lng nc t do bay hi ht nhng t giy
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
vn cn khong 25430% m( kh khong 70%). Nh

vy sau qu trnh ny cn phi tch nt phn nc cn li,
chng nm pha bn trong ca thnh x si.Sau khi qua l
sy th cui cng lng nc cn li khong 245% n lin kt ho
hc vi x si nn rt chc chn, kh tch.
Vic sy trn nhiu l sy l phng php ph bin nht, t
giy c dn ti v dc quanh 2 pha nhng l sy v n c p st vo nhng l sy bng tc dng ca li sy. p sut
hi bn trong ca l syc khng ch to nn nhng
t l bay hi thch hp. t giy c gia nhit v nc c bc
hi khi n chy qua khong gia li sy v b mt l sy.
Tip sau l qu trnh co dn t do cho ti khi tip xc vi
l sy sau v owr ay t giy ngui i qua qu trnh
bay hi.
Cu trc b phn sy.
T giy c chn sy p st vo l sy(ngi ta t tn cho
chn sy l sy trn l chn trn, l sy di l chn di ). Khi
chn sy tip xc t giy, lng m chuyn qua chn mt
phn l nc v phn cn li l hi bi v s chnh lch p
sut hi nc gia chn v giy. Chn sy c nhit thp
hn t giy v vy nhit ngng t ca hi sy tng ln, lm
nhit ca chn tng ln v mt lng hi s phn tn trc
tip qua chn. Chn sy c p st vo l sy bng l cng,
c iu chnh mt pha bng l li chn. Trong qu
trnh vn chuyn qua b phn sy mt phn nc c
chuyn qua chn, mt phn khc c thot ra khong gia
cc l sy. Lng nc chuyn qua chn s c tch ra bng l
sy chn. cui b phn sy ngi ta t nhng l lnh, chc
nng ca cc l ny l lm gim kh nng tch in ca
giy, lm ng u m ca t giy(nhim v ca n l
ti to nn s hi m ca giy sau khi c tip xc mi trng qu nhit), lm cho t giy sau khi sy khng b kh
cng m li lm cho cc x si trn t giy mm hn.
chun b cho vo khu p quang khng b rch t giy v
cc x si mm ca t giy d an vo nhau hn, lm cho
t giy chc hn bn hn.
b phn sy ca nh my giy Bi Bng gm c 36 l,
trong c 34 l sy v 2 l lm lnh. Cc l c chia lm 6
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
nhm, tu theo loi giy v tc m t nhit tng

ng vi p sut hi a vo.
Cu to ca mt l sy.
Tt c cc l sy u c ng ni qua hi nc c a vo
l sy c mt ng nh, ng xi phng c ni t bn trong l
sy ti b nc ngng bn ngoi.Nu st p l thch hp th
nc ngng s c y qua ng xi phng v vo b nc. Khi
ng xi phng ht, hi nc tip tc y ra v p sut
phi c m bo k c khi l sy khng. hi nc thot ra
cng vi nc ngng t c s dng sy cho nhm sy sau. ng
xi phng c th l loi c nh hoc di ng tc k n c
gn vo thnh l sy hoc quay cng vi l sy.
Nguyn l lm vic ca l sy: Hi nc c a vo ca hi
ca l sy, hi a vo c p sut khong 300KPa. Nh cc
onngs xi phng hi c dn ti li sy, do nhit ca hi
nng truyn nhit cho nc trong x si t giy lm cho nc
trong t giy bc hi ngng t v theo ca nc ngng ra ngoi.
Qu trnh sy c tin hnh mt cch lin tc.
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy.
truyn nhit t hi nc ti t giy, l sy c lm bng
thp pha gang dn nhit.Khi tip xc vi t giy t b mt
gia nhit bi ngui i v dng nhit t bn trong thnh l
sy c truyn qua thnh l sy v ra ngoi b mt l ti
tip xc vi t giy.Nhit trong thnh l sy c khng
ch n nh bng hi ngng t , lu lng nhit c quyt
nh bng nhng yu t sau:
- p sut bn trong l sy
- chiu dy ca lp nc ngng
- dy ca thnh l sy
- nhit ca t giy
- m ca t giy
- h s truyn mhit ca thnh l sy
Thng gi ca b phn sy.
Thng gi l mt qu trnh quan trng trong cng ngh
giy, bi v: n ci thin iu kin lao ng, trnh hin tng ngng t, bc x nhit, c tnh kinh t tit kim.
B phn thng gi bao gm: chp thng gi, l sy, b trao
i nhit, gia nhit cho gi nng,gia nhit cho khng kh,
b trao i nhit cho nc nng.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Phn quan trng nht ca b thu hi nhit l chp ht, chp

ht l thit b trm ln on b b phn sy v n c bo n
cch nhit vi trnh cao. iu c ngha l d mt
gi tr rt ln ca im sng n cng khng b ngng t.
trong chp ht c nhit rt cao nn n khng cho php
khng kh nng thot ra ngoi phng my gy nn ngng t. Chc nng ca chp ht nh l mt ng tp trung, ton
b hi nng c a ln trn ca chp ht v a qua b
trao i nhit. Gi nng a vo chp ht bng ng khoan
l hoc hp thi. Khng kh sy c ly t tng trn ca
phng my v c gia nhit ti khong 550 bng trao i
nhit. Gi nng sau c gia nhit ti 800 bng hi th
hoc nhit thch hp trc khi n ca vo b phn sy.
Khng kh m t b trao i nhit sau cn oc s
dng gia nhit cho khng kh sch a vo lm thng
gi cho phng my. Cui cng ton b khng kh m c
qua my lc v tip tc iu ch nc nng. Nc ny sau
c th dng lm nc ra nhng phi c lc k tch b bi
v si bong ra t chn.
h. Gia keo b mt:
B mt ca t giy c th c x l bng cch trng ph,
lm bng, dt mng ln b mt t giy mt lng tinh bt
hoc cho giy chy qua nhiu khe p ca nhng l c
bng cao tng bn , bng, v cc c tnh
khc( qua khu p quang).
p keo l loi p t c hai l, n c th t theo phng
thng ng, nm ngang, hay t xin mt gc 30 0. T giy
c th c trng keo mt mt hoc c hai mt, p keo
thng c t v tr giy kh v kh khong 95%.
Loi keo thng thng hay dng x l b mt giy giai
on ny l tinh bt CMC lm tng bn, nhn,
v m bo t trng ca t giy.
Thng s l p keo
Chiu di l: 5900 mm
Khong cch gia hai vng bi: 5100 mm
Chiu di p: 4150 mm
trong: 5400 mm
ngoi: 670 mm
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
i. L p quang:
L di:
800 mm
Lp m: 0.15 mm
Khong cch lm vic: 4150 mm
Khong cch hai vng bi: 5100 mm
cng: 5004550 brinell
Tc : 318 v/ph
c dn ng
Tng khi lng: 18850 kg
L di:
500 mm
Khong cch lm vic: 4150 mm
Khong cch hai vng bi: 5100 mm
cng: 5004550 brinell
Tc : 463 v/ph
c dn ng
Tng khi lng: 8750 kg
k. My ct cun.
Cun giy c ch n t my cun my xeo hoc t
my p quang ti my ct cun. Ti y t giy c ct
thnh nhng cun c kh rng thch hp, nhng cun giy
c khuyt tt c loi b. Nhng vt xc v bin giy cng
loa b i. Sau khi ct t giy c cun vo li l giy v
c t trn hai l ng thi cng l l truyn ng, l
giy cng c nn bng mt l to cho cun giy c
cht cao nht. Nhng cun c cht lng km c lo ra
v em i cun li nhng cun tt c a i ng gi.
My ct cun bao gm cc b phn:
-B phn ti giy vi trc ch ng v thanh di
trc cun giy.
- B phn cun v ct dc giy vi hai l hnh
trng, 1 trc v mt thanh gt trc.
- Mng h trc l giy cho cun hon thnh.
- H thng chuyn giy l vi mng dn c th
iu chnh c
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
D. Phn x
xng
ng thu hi:
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
II. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn phn

xng thu hi:
* ng dch:
Dch en em i chng bc c ly ch yu t my ra th
nht( Th100) trong giai on ra bt ca phn xng bt. Lng dch en nay c nng cht rn khong 13419%,
nhit khong 70480 0C. c cp vo b dch long Ch001
v Ch002, c bm Pu501 v Pu502 a vo thp xy ho 1
nhm mc ch chuyn ton b lng Na2S v NaOH thnh
Na2S2O3 khng gy ra mi hi thi sau khi t dch en v
trnh n mn thit b do Na2S gy ra i vi cc hiu chng
bc. Dch tip tc nh bm Pu503 i vo b ph bt mc
ch ph bt( Ch004) loi b bt. Dch tip tc c cp
vo b dch cp( Ch005), lc ny nng cht rn t
17422% v nhit khong 85490 oC.
Dch c bm Pu506 vo hiu chng bc s 3( He104) v
tip tc vo hiu chng bc s 4( He105), s 5( He106), dch
i ra khi hiu s 5 c a vo b dch trung gian(Ch006)lc ny hm lng cht rn trong dch khong 20424%. Sau
, dch en c bm Pu509 v Pu510 a i vo phn
gia nhit bn trong ca cc hiu chng bc s 4 v s 3 ri
sang hiu 2B( He103), tip n l hiu 2A( He101). gia
hiu 2A v 2B cn c hiu d phng 2A/B( He102)- hiu ny
c lp t vi mc ch nhm thay th cho hiu 2A
hoc 2B khi mt trong hai hiu phi ngng hot ng
v sinh cn . T hiu chng bc 2A dch c a qua bnh
phn ly sau mi i v b dch c trung bnh
Ch007( c hm lng cht rn khong 48%). Dch ti y c bm Pu526 bm vo h thng chng bc mng ri He122(
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Tubel), sau khi ra khi Tubel dch c bm Pu552 a ti b

dch c Ch044. Dch en lc ny c hm lng cht rn
khong 65%) c a sang l t thu hi. Ti l t ngi ta
b xung Na2SO4 thu hi li Na2S. Dch ra khi l nhit
rt cao khong 60047000C nn c mu , do ngi ta
gi n l kim . Kim c pha long bng dch trng
long to thnh kim xanh v c cha trong b lng
trong dch xanh Ch019. Dch xanh tip tc c a vo b
phn ng Ch036, ti y ngi ta cung cp nc vi Ca(OH)2
( c to ra t vi sng CaO) thc hin qu trnh xt ho
nhm thu li NaOH. Vi mc ch ko di thi gian xt ho
ngi ta tip tc cho dng dch i qua h thng xt ho
Ch0204Ch022. Sau khi qua h thng xt ho ta thu c dch
trng( ch yu l NaOH, Na2S v mt phn nh cc cht nh:
Na2S2O3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4- do cc qu trnh oxy ho, thu hi
v xt ho em vo). Dch ny sau khi qua b lng trong
dch trng Ch023, dch trng c a vo b cha dch
trng a tr li phc v cho qu trnh nu bt. Cn bn
vi th c a vo b ra bn vi Ch032 sau sang xt
ho ph ri li c a vo b ra bn vi Ch024. Ti y
dch c chy trn sang b cha dch long Ch031, dch
ny c em i ho kim to thnh kim xanh, cn
bn vi c a sang thit b ra bn Th013. Ti y bn sau
khi ra theo vt ti Ev017 v Ev018 c thi b ra ngoi, cn
nc ra qua thit b phn ly Ch027 ta thu c nc trong, nc
trong ny tip tc qua bnh phn ly Ch028 thu c nc
sch, v khng kh.
* ng hi:
Hi sng 0,45 Kpa, nhit 138 oc cp vo hiu chng bc
mng ri, hi i ra khi thit b mng ri gi l hi th.
Hi th ny c cp song song vo hai hiu chng bc 2A v
2B, hi th i ra khi 2A v 2B c cp vo hiu chng bc
s 3, 4 v 5, ti y c nhit khong 60-70 oC. Lng hi
th ny tip tc vo thit b ngng t b mt v hi ca
ngng t b mt c a sang thit b ngng t trung gian.
Lung hi th i vo thit b my phc hi cn lng hi th
cn li dng p sut 1,3KPa y vo h chn khng .
Lng nc ngng ti hiu chng bc mng ri c nhit cao
nht th kh nng tch nc cao nht. Lng nc ngng ny c
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ng HBK-HN
K45
chia lm hai h thng, mt l cp vo nu, ra, sng, ty.

Mt phn c a vo b cha nc ngng dng ra v pha
long dch. Lng nc ngng cc hiu chng bc 2A hoc 2AB, 2B, 3 l lng nc ngng sch c a vo b cha nc ngng.
Cn nc ngng hiu 4 l nc ngng bn c th quay li pha
long dch b cha dch long thng qua van hay thi ra
ngoi, Cn lng nc ngng ngng t b mt quay v b cha
dch ra hoc c a i pha long b cha dch long.
III. Cng on chng bc dch en:

1. Mc ch:
a. Oxy ho dch en:
* Mc ch: Bin i natri sunphua(Na2S ) thnh natri
thiosunphat
( Na2S2O3) :
Trnh s tn tht lu hunh ra ngoi khng kh ( S ch yu
dng kh sinh
ra trong qu trnh t).
Lm gim kh nng gy mi, kh nng nhim mi trng
do dch en gy
ra.
Lm gim tiu hao trong qu trnh xt ho.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
Lm gim kh nng n mn do Na 2S v cc hp cht v c

khc gy ra i vi cc hiu chng bc.
*. Cc phn ng din ra khi tin hnh oxy ho:
- Phn ng oxy ho:
2Na2S +2O2 +H2O = Na2SO4 + 2NaOH
2NaSH +2O2 = Na2S2O3 +H2O
- Phn ng khi t:
2Na2S2O3 =2Na2S + C02 + 2SO2
- Phn ng t khi khng c qu trnh oxy ho:
Na2S + CO2 + H2O = Na2CO3 H2S
NaSH + H2O = NaOH + H2S (mi kh chu ).
b. Chng bc dch en:
Nhim v ca qu trnh chng bc dch en l thu c dch
en c hm lng cht rn cao( khong 60465%) gim
thi gian, nhit lng v tng hiu sut trong qu trnh thu
hi li dch nu t dch en nhm m bo li ch v mt
kinh t.
2. iu kin k thut:
* Cng sut chng bc: 504100%( tng ng t 33465 tn/ h)

* Hiu chng bc:
- V tr hiu chng bc: Ngoi tri
- Loi hiu chng bc: Chng bc a hiu, loi 6B5E- LTV
- Dch en long: Cng sut:
97.5 tn/ h
Hm lng cht rn: min 90Be
Nhit :
604800C
- Dch en c:
Cng sut:
32.5 tn/ h
Hm lng cht rn: 30432%
Nhit :
1000C
- Hi( hi sng vo hiu chng bc u tin):
p sut:
0.35 MPa
Nhit :
138.50C
Tiu th hi:
17.8 tn/ h
- Hi( hi sng vo my pht hi):
p sut:
1.1 MPa
Nhit :
2000C
Tiu th hi:
0.4 tn/ h
- Lng nc bc hi:
65 tn/ h
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
100
Lp CN giy-xenluloza-
- Nhit nc lm mt:
Chng bc:
- p sut thit k:
khng
400C
max: 0.55 MPa
min: p sut chn
Ngng t b mt: max: 0.55 MPa

min: p sut chn khng
* Thp oxy ho 1:
- Loi: tm thp khoan l
- Dch en long: Cng sut:
1.6 tn/ h
Hm lng cht rn: min 90Be
Nhit :
604800C
- Dch en c:
Cng sut:
0.32 tn/ h
Hm lng cht rn: 30432%
- Hiu sut:
min: 70%
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:

a. H thng chng bc a hiu:
H thng chng bc a hiu l h thng gm nhiu hiu
chng bc kt hp vi nhau, s dng hi sinh ra t hiu
trc lm ngun nhit cho hiu sau. Do s tn dng c lng hi sng mt cch ti a m vn sinh ra 1 lng hi th
ln s dng cho cc hiu tip theo.
S lng hiu chng bc t 446 hiu. Hiu chng bc cui cng
vn hnh p sut khong 100 Torr( tng ng vi
100mmHg 00C).
b. Hiu chng bc kiu 3 bc v 1 bc:
Ba hiu chng bc He1014He103 l hiu chng bc kiu 3 bc( dng cho dung dch c nng cao) cn, 3 hiu
He1044He106 l kiu 1 bc( dng cho dung dch c nng
thp).
Dch nng cao ( khong 32% cht rn) i ti hiu chng
bc 2B v 2A c nht kh cao v lu lng dch tr nn nh
v n c c c 1 phn. Da vo cc yu t trn,
nhng hiu chng bc ny c thit k l hiu kiu 3 bc
ngn nga s gim vn tc ca dch trong cc ng
truyn nhit v chng li mt cch c hiu qu s gim h
s truyn nhit v s to thnh lp cn bn trong cc ng
ny.
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101
Trong bung hi c b tch sng tch cc ht nh li ti

nhue sng m i theo hi v nhng ht sng ny s gy
bn cho nc ngng hiu chng bc sau,
c. Cc hiu chng bc c gia nhit bn trong:
Cc hiu chng bc 1, 2A, 2B, 3, 4( He1014He105) c phn
gia nhit cho dch bn trong bung gia nhit ca n.
4. Thit b:
a. Thp oxy ho 1 v cc thit b ph tr:

* Cu to:
Khng kh
ng cp
dch en
vo
Cyclon tch dch v

kh
My ph bt
ng cp
khng kh
vo
Dch c
Nng sut: 92 m3/ h

oxy ho i chMc oxy ho: 70%
S giai on oxy ng bc
* Nguyn l lm vic :
ho 1
Dch en trc khi em oxy ho c nng 13-19% chng
c cp vo thit b oxy ho v i theo hng t trn xung
di khng kh em oxy ho th i t di ln trn. ta
kh nng tip xc v qu trnh oxy ho xy ra nhanh, ngi
ta b tr trong thp oxy c cc vch ngn, cc vch ngn c
nhim v ch yu l tng kh nng tip xcgia dch en
v khng kh.
Dch sau khi c oxy xong s c chy xug i vo b kh
bt. Thng thng i vi qu trnh oxy ho ngi ta kh bt
bng cc cnh g hoc bng my ph bt. Khng kh c
khi lng nh hn sau khi tin hnh oxy ho s i ln thit
b oxy ho .
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102
Trong qu trnh di chuyn khng kh s ko theo mt phn

dch en v mt phn hi nc. trnh s lng ph v tn
tht ra ngoi mi trng, ngi ta phi thu li chng bng mt
thit b xon lc (xyclon),do dch en, bt c khi lng ln
hn khi lng ring ca khng kh cho nn trong khi di
chuyn xon lc chng b va vo thnh thit b, sau khi
n c ri xung b kh bt.
* Thp oxy ho Ch003:
Kch thc: 33603 H5000 mm
S tng a khoan l: 7
Vt liu ch to: Tm thp khoan l: thp khng g
(SUS304)
Cc phn khc: thp t cacbon (SS41)
* Cc thit b ph tr:
- Qut thi Fa201:
Loi: My thi kiu tuabin
Nng sut: 250 m3/ pht
p sut khng i: 800 mmHg
Vt liu ch to: V v cnh qut: thp t cacbon( SS41)
Trc: thp cacbon( S35C)
Mt in: 75kw
- B bt:
V = 400 m3
Kch thc: 82703 H8500 mm
Vt liu ch to: Thp t cacbon( SS41)
My ph bt: 6 my( cng sut 1 mt: 1.1 kw)
Cyclon tch bt: lm bng thp t cacbon (SS41)
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b. Cc hiu chng bc He1014He106:

* Cu to:
1. Ca cp hi vo
2. Ca cp dch vo
3. Ca tho nc ngng
7
4. Ca dch ra
5. Tm chn dch
6. Ca hi th
C
7. Tm chn sng
8. ng trao i nhit
A. Bung hn hp
B. Bung bc
C. Bung tch
1
5
4
8
B
3
A
* Nguyn l lm vic:
- Thit b chng bc gin tip c chia lm 3 phn:
+Phn 1:Bung hn hp c nhim v ch yu cung cp
dch en u vo cc ng trao i nhit
+Phn 2: Bung bc c nhim v ch yu gia nhit
cho dch en n si lm bay hi nc
+Phn 3: Bung tch c nhim v ch yu tch tt c
ca dch en v bt ra khi hi nc.
+Dch en sau khi c oxy ho s c cp vo thit
b chng bc gin tip theo hng i t di ln trn cn hi
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104
t dng cho qu trnh tng nhit i theo hng ngc li t

trn xung di.
+Trong qu trnh di chuyn t di ln trn dch en s
c nng ln n nhit si sau khi tch ra ngoi bung
tch n c phn chia thnh 2 phn pha lng v pha hi
hn ch s si mnh lit ca dch en ng thi ngn
chn s tn tht ca dch en theo hi, ngi ta b tr mt
tm chn dch. - Pha hi c khi lng ring nh hn s bay
ln nh thit b chng bc trong qu trnh di chuyn do
c vn tc ln cho nn n cun theo mt phn dch en,
mt phn bt. thu li lng bt v dch en ny ngi ta
cho hi i vo thit b tch sng, hi i ra ngoi gi l
hi th.
- Hi cp vo trao i nhit sau khi gia nhit xong, mt
phn s ngng t thnh nc do vy ngi ta phi tho nc ngng.
* Thng s k thut:
+ Cc thng s chung:
- Loi: Tun hon t nhin kiu mng mng
- Kch thc chnh:
Bung bc hi: 36003 H4000 mm
Bung gia nhit: 24003 H7500 mm
ng truyn nhit: 50.83 1.6 mm
- Vt liu ch to:
ng truyn nhit: thp khng g( SUS304)
V hiu chng bc: thp t cacbon( SS41) vi n mn cho
php 3 mm i vi phn tip xc vi dch v bung bc hi
v 1 mm i vi bung gia nhit.
+ Cc thng s ring:
- Hiu 2A( He101):
B mt trao i nhit: 980 m2+ 17.5 m2( gia nhit bn
trong)
- Hiu 2A/B( He102)
B mt trao i nhit: 980 m2+ 17.5 m2( gia nhit bn
trong)
- Hiu 2B( He103):
B mt trao i nhit: 980 m 2+ 26 m2( gia nhit bn
trong)
- Hiu 3( He104):
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trong)
- Hiu 4( He105):
trong)
- Hiu 5( He106):
B mt trao i nhit: 885 m2
* Cc s c ca hiu chng bc:
+ Nhng nguyn nhn tng qut:
- Phi kim tra v xc nh rng xiphng hi trong h
thng ng ng hot ng tt v nc trong ng ng
c x ht.
- Phi kim tra nh k xem du bi trn bo dng
bm, my thi...c thch hp khng. Nc lm kn c c
cung cp y ti bm khng.
- Knh kim tra ca mi hiu c kh nng b m, cn kim
tra pha trong ca knh, khi c iu kin th v sinh hoc
thay mi.
- Nu giong m ca cc van b r r th phi vn cht
li hoc thay th.
- Theo di cc ampe k ca cc m t trong thi gian vn
hnh.
- i vi thit b c truyn ng bng dy ai, phi kim
tra v iu chnh cng ca dy ai theo nh k.
+ S c bt:
y l mt trong nhng s c c th xy ra trong khi vn
hnh hiu chng bc.
Cc nguyn nhn sau gy nn s c bt.
- Khi nng ca dch en i vo hiu 3 qu thp.
- Khi nhit ca dch cao hn so vi im si ca mi
hiu, hin tng ny c gi la hin tng bc chy.
- Ti thi im khng cn bng trong cc hiu.
- C khe h khng kh lt vo trong cc phn chn
khng.
+ S khng cn bng trong cc hiu chng bc:
- Mc dch trong cc hiu chng bc phi cao, lc u
khi ng vic cp hi phi tin hnh t t. Nu cp hi
mt cch t ngt s gy ra bc hi d di trong cc hiu
chng bc v kh gi c s cn bng.
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- H thng chng bc a hiu c c ring bit t n s

cn bng sau mt thi gian vn hnh nht nh .
- S mt chn khng cng thng gy nn s mt cn
bng .
- Thit b nghi kh phi c theo di cn thn.
- Khi c nhng kinh nghim vn hnh th nn theo di
qua tm knh ca bung hi xc nhn iu kin vn
hnh.
+ S c tc ng truyn nhit t hiu chng bc s 2A n
s 5:
- S c tc ng ny xy ra l do s vn hnh khng thn
trng ca ngi vn hnh thng xy ra cc hiu c dch
nng cao. Nguyn nhn l do lp cn qu dy v hi
cp vo qu nhiu.
- thng cc ng tc dng nc p sut cao, khoan bng
tay. trnh tc ng th phi ra cc ng nh k.
+ Hin tng bc chy:
- Hin tng ny ch yu do chn khng qu cao trong
cc hiu gy nn v n c th sinh bt ngay t lc u
khi ng. Hiu qu l n s mang theo dch v n s lm
nc ngng ln dich en. Nh vy p sut mi hiu, c bit
l hiu chng bc s 5 phi c theo di v iu chnh
trnh chn khng qu cao trong thi gian bt u khi
ng.
+ Khng kh lt vo bn trong hiu:
- Nu bt sinh ra trong cc khe h lm kh lt vo nhng
ch h phi c pht hin bng cch th p lc bng
khng kh hoc nc v x l.
c. Thit b chng bc mng ri He122:

Hiu chng bc mng ri He122 l thit b mi lp t.
Hiu ny c hai ngn chy song song vi nhau. Loi ny khc
vi cc hiu trn ch hi i trong ng, dch i ngoi ng.
kh sau khi t t 60465%
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107
- Mt b cha dch c (Ch044) 300m 3. trch ng

cn ngi ta lp bm tun hon, t y s bm sang l
thu hi vo b trn mui ri t lun
- Trao i nhit mi (He122) chy song vi He107
- 1 b mc dch c, mt b cha nc ngng
Hi th
- 5 bm dch v tun hon dch.
Hi
0,45kpa
Nc ng
ngng
ng
Dch ra
Dch
vo
* Thng s k thut:
S b mt trao i nhit: 23 1210= 2420 m2
Vt liu: EN1.4301
d. Bnh phn ly dch en:
S lng: 1 bnh hnh tr ng
V = 1 m3
Kch thc: 8003 H2000 mm
Vt liu ch to:
V v vch ngn: thp khng g( SUS304)
Cc phn khc: thp t cacbon( SS41)
Thit b ph tr: 1 ng h o mc
e. Cc bnh phn ly nc ngng( nc ngng t hiu 3):
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S lng: 2 bnh hnh tr ng

V = 0.3 m3
Vt liu ch to:
V v vch ngn: thp khng g( SUS304)
f. Thit b chn khng:
+ Thit b ngng t b mt s 1:
S lng: 1
Loi: V hnh tr bn trong c cc ng lm mt
B mt lm mt: 350 m2
Kch thc: 12003 H8500 mm
Vt liu ch to:
ng lm mt : thp khng g( SUS304)
Bung hi vo: thp khng g( SUS304)
1 np vi cn lp trn nh v thit b
+ Thit b ngng t b mt s 2:
S lng: 1
Loi: V hnh tr bn trong c cc ng lm mt
B mt lm mt: 100 m2
Vt liu ch to:
1 np vi cn lp trn nh v thit b
+ My pht hi:
S lng: 2 my
Loi: my pht hi hai giai on
Cng dng: rt khng kh khng ngng t
Cng sut: 130 kg/ h
Hi p sut cao dng cho my pht hi: 1.1 MPa
Vt liu ch to:
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Thit b ph tr: 1 thit b ngng t trung gian loi ng chm,
b mt lm mt: 18 m2, c ch to bng thp khng
gh(SUS304)
g. Cc b cha dch en:
+ B dch en long( Ch001, Ch002):
S lng: 2
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 1000 m3
Kch thc: 98003 H13500 mm
Vt liu ch to: thp t cacbon( SS41)
+ B dch cp:
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 500 m3
Kch thc: 72003 H13500 mm
+ B dch trung gian( Ch006):
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 100 m3
Kch thc: 42003 H9000 mm
+ B dch c trung bnh( Ch007)
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 160 m3
Kch thc: 46003 H10000 mm
Vt liu ch to:
V v ng dn dch trong b: thp t cacbon( SS41) v
bn trong lt 1 lp
thp khng g( SUS304)
Cnh qut v trc cnh khuy: thp khng g( SUS304)
Loi cch khuy: cnh khuy trn nm ngang
Thit b ph tr: 1 cnh khuy
1 gin ng gia nhit gin tip bn trong
1 thit b x nc ngng
+ B dch c Ch044:
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V = 300 m3
Vt liu ch to: EN1.4301
+ Trao i nhit:
S b mt trao i nhit: 283 m2
Vt liu ch to: EN1.4301
+ B dch thi:
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng, y cn
V = 70 m3
Kch thc: 42003 H4600 mm
+ B xt:
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 20 m3
Kch thc: 28003 H3750 mm
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g( SUS304)
+ B nc ngng:
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 160 m3
Kch thc: 46003 H1000 mm
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g( SUS304)
+ B dch ra:
S lng: 1
Loi: hnh tr ng
V = 150 m3
Kch thc: 46003 H9500 mm
Thit b ph tr: 1 thit b gia nhit trc tip
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IV. Cng on t dch en:

* Gii thiu:
Dch en t b dch c Ch044 c hm lng cht kh
khong 65% ca sang l t dch en. L ny va c
nhim v t dch en em i thu hi kim, va c
nhim v sinh ra hi phc v cho phn xng bt, phn
xng giy v cung cp cho tuabin to ra in phc v
cho sn xut v sinh hot cc khu vc xung quanh nh
my.
- L t hot ng da vo chu trnh rankin, tc l qu
trnh ho hi th nhn nhit cn qu trnh nh hi l qu
trnh thu nhit.
- L hi ng ng c hai balong,s dng phng php bung
la phun c i lu t nhin, kiu xch- tng si.
- Cng sut: 145 kw/ h
- Nng sut thu hi: 44 t/ h
* Cc phn ng sy ra trong l t: L t chia thnh 3
vng
+ Vng kh: Cht hu c nhn nhit sn phm b nhit
phn
2 C + O2 2 CO
CO + 1/2 O2 CO2
CO2
+
C
2
CO
Na2SO4 + 2 C Na2S + 2 CO2
Na2SO4 + 4 C Na2S + 4 CO
Na2SO4 + C Na2O + CO + SO2
C + 2 H2 CH4
C + H2O H2 + CO
H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O
Na2S + H2O Na2O + H2S
+ Vng sy:
Na2S + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + H2S
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CH4 + H2O CO +3H2

Na2O + CO2 Na2CO3
Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH
+ Vng oxy ho:
CO + 1/2 O2 CO2
H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O
H2S + 3/2 O2 SO2+ H2O
SO2 + 1/2 O2 SO3
Na2S + 2 O2 Na2SO4
Na2S + 3/2 O2 + CO2 Na2CO3 + SO2
Na2CO3 + SO3 Na2SO4 + CO2
Na2CO3 + 1/2 O2 Na2SO4
Nc
C2
C3
* Cu to:
i lu t
nhin
B m
C1
ng nhit
B qu nhit
Gi C3
Na2SO4
Gi C2
Vi phun du
Gi C1
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Dnh
113
Lp CN giy-xenlulozaDch
en
B cha
long t
b Ch031
Dch xanh
V. Cng on xt ho:
1. Mc ch:
B phn xt ho lm nhim v cui cng ca giai on thu
hi ho cht l: bin i Na2CO3 NaOH cung cp cho
cng on nu bt.
* Cc phn ng:
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Q
Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 2NaOH + CaCo3
2. iu kin k thut:
* Dch trng:
Cng sut: 660 m3/ 24h
Kim hot tnh, tnh theo NaOH: 1004120 g/l
sunphua: 22425%
xt ho: min 78%
* Vi:
Vi tiu th: 68,8 tn/ 24h
Vi hu hiu: / 80%
* Bn vi t my lc bn vi:
Kim cn li, tnh theo NOH: max 1.2%
kh: 65470%
Vi t do: max 2%
3. Qu trnh cng ngh:

Dch xanh sch t b lng dch xanh Ch019 c a ti b
phn ng Ch036. Ti y, ngi ta b sung vi sau khi
ho phn ng xt ho x ra. Sau dch i qua cc b
xt ho Ch0204Ch022 phn ng xy ra hon ton.
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Thi gian phn ng khong 2h, T0 = 95- 1000C.

Dch c tip tc chy trn sang b Ch30. Ti Ch30 c
bm Pu06, Pu07 a sang b cha v b lng Ch023. Ti
b Ch030 phn trn l dch trng NaOH c bm Pu08,
Pu09 a sang b phn nu bt, cn phn di b c bm
Pu10, Pu11 a sang b hn hp Ch32, Ch33. Ti 2 b hn
hp Ch32, Ch33 cp nc ngng b phn chng bc hoc nc
nng 700C. Tip tc dch t 2 b hn hp ny xung b xt
ho ph Ch029, mc ch lm cho phn ng xy ra hon
ton to lng dch trng NaOH trnh tn tht. Tip tc
dch c chy qua b bn vi Ch024. Ti b ra bn vi ny
b c chia lm 3 phn, phn 1 c chy trn sang Ch031,
cn phn 2 c nh bm Pu012, Pu013 bm quay li b
hn hp, v phn 3(y) c bm Pu014, Pu015 sang b
cha bn vi Ch025. Ti b cha bn vi Ch025 sc kh vo
trnh hin tng to cn v tip tc c bm Pu020, Pu021
a sang my ra, y dng nc VKK ra tch cn bn
vi, thu hi dch long. Dch long a sang bnh phn ly
Ch027 v nh bm Pu022 quay tr li b hn hp Ch032. Ti
giai on ra ny ngi ta to chn khng nh bm
Pu024 vo bnh phn ly Ch026, v a sang bnh phn ly
Ch027 cn 1 phn quay v h chn khng.
Ti b cha dch long Ch031 c bm Pu018, Pu019 a
sang b phn l t tun hon li trnh s tn tht.
5. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh vn
hnh v cc s c:
Cc s c cng ngh thng xy ra nht trong khi vn hnh
b phn xt ho l:
xt ho thp hoc hay thay i, tch cn khng hiu
qu, v lng kim hot tnh cht lc ca bn vi km.Cc
vn ny c lin quan vi nhau, mun phn ng xt ho
xy ra tt cn phi c lu lng v cht lng dch xanh vo b
ho vi n nh, ng thi cht lng v s lng vi cp vo
phi tt. Nu nh nng dch en thay i hoc kh
nng phn ng ca vi dao ng th xt ho cng b
thay i.Vic hi tha mt cht vi hydrat ho (1-2%)
l iu cn thit t c xt ho cao, nhng nu
tha nhiu qu s nh hng bt li lng bn
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L thu hi cng nh hng n b phn xt ho, s thay

i kh s nh hng ti dch xanh v nng ca cn.
Nu cn ln vo trong qu trnh phn ng dch xanh th
chng s tn ti ln vi bn vi v nh hng ti kh nng phn
ng ca vi t li.
6. Thit b:
a. Cc b xt ho 562-Ch0204022:
V= 30 m3
b. B bm Ch030:
V= 10 m3
c. B lng trong dch trng 562-Ch023:
V= 2785 m3
H= 12 m
dy: 10 mm
Vt liu ch to: thp t cacbon
Bn trong thnh b c ph 1 lp b tng chng n mn, bn
ngoi c bo n.
Thit b ph tr: 1 cch co Md002
d. B dch trng long Ch031:
V= 1700 m3
e. B cha bn vi Ch025:
V= 530 m3
B c trang b cnh khuy Md004
f. Phin lc bn vi 562-Th013:
Nng bn vi: 32435%
PHN III: KT LUN

Cng ngh ho hc ni chung v cng ngh cellulozagiy ni ring c tm quan trng rt ln v c ng dng rt
nhiu trong cuc sng. Giy t khi ln u tin c pht
minh ra cho n nay tr thnh mt th khng th thiu
trong cuc sng sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi. Khoa hc
cng ngh ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu v iu kin sng
ca con ngi ngy cng cao th cng ngh giy v celluloza
cng phi pht trin theo nghin cu v sn xut ra
nhng loi giy cht lng cao, a dng v mu m mu sc
sc p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi.
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Vit nam hin nay, do hon cnh v chnh tr x hi

kinh t nn khoa hc cng ngh cha pht trin, cng nghip
cn lc hu trong c ngnh giy. Ngnh giy hin nay
my mc th c k v lc hu so vi cc nc khc trn th gii.
Hin nay c tnh sn lng giy hng nm ca c nc ch
khong 200.000 tn/nm ,cht lng khng cao,khng p
ng nhu cu tiu dng trong nc. Mt s sn phm cha
sn xut c cn phi nhp ca nc ngoi .Nh vy vn
cp bch t ra hin nay l chng ta cn c nhng dy
chuyn sn xut hin i sn xut ra nhng sn
phmcht lng cao sc cnh tranh trn th trng .
Cng ty giy Bi Bng trc thuc tng cng ty giy Vit
Nam hin nay l cng ty ln nht, c giy chuyn sn hin
i nht nc ta, cung cp hn 1/2 tng sn lng giy trong
c nc.Sn phm chnh ca cng ty nh cc loi giy in v
giy vit v sn phm ph nh cc loi bao b bao gi c
thit k sn xut vi sn lng
Giy ng ba 120-150g/m2 :500 cun
Giy bao gi 80-100 g/m2 :4000 cun.
Nhn thc c nhng vn kh khn t ra i vi
ngnh giy nc nh, chng em nhng sinh vin ngnh giy
lun c gng hc hi vn ln, tch lu kin thc v kinh
nghim sau ny nhm ng gp mt phn nh vo
cng cuc i mi, v pht trin ngnh giy. V do i
vi chng em mi t thc tp l mi ln chng em tch lu
thm c rt nhiu kin thc, kinh nghim thc t sn xut
b ch.
Va qua oc s ng ca nh trng cng nh b mn
hu c ha du chng em c i thc tp 2 tun nh
my giy Bi Bng y l khang thi gian qu bu gip
chng em tip cn vi thc t .Thm nhun vi phng chm
o to ca nh trng,theo cu ni ni ting ca VI.lenin :
Hc i i vi hnh .
Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n thy: Phm Thanh
Thoi v cc c ch cng ty giy Bi Bng gip em hon
thnh t thc tp mt thnh cng tt p.
Tr
Trng
ng HBK-HN
K45
117

Bao Cao Tong Hop Ve Cong Ty Giay Bai Bang

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Bao Cao Tong Hop Ve Cong Ty Giay Bai Bang

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Mc lc

PHN II: NH MY GIY BI BNG...................................................6

B. Phn xng bt:.................................................22

C. Phn xng giy:.................................................77

D. Phn xng thu hi:...........................................96

PHN III: KT LUN............................................................................................99

II. Lch s pht trin ca cng ty giy Bi Bng:

o sng sut ca ban lnh o cng ty vi s quan tm ca

nh lng: 1461 (g/m2)

- nh lng: 1661 (g/m2)

* Cng ty giy Bi Bng gm c:

PHN II: NH MY GIY BI BNG

I. Gii thiu nguyn liu sn xut giy:

Nguyn liu sn xut giy ch yu t thc vt rt nh: g l

Vi si xenluloza gm c 2 vng: vng tinh th v vng v

Lignin cng vi hemxenluloza v xenluloza to nn thnh t

II. Yu cu v nguyn liu:

tui: G dng cht mnh phi t t 7 tui

III. S dy chuyn tuyn g:

Thuyt minh dy chuyn tuyn g:

- G t bi cha c a vo bn bc Ev332 nh cc xch ti

IV. S dy chuyn tuyn tre na:

*.Thuyt minh s tuyn tre na:

1/ Bn bc Ev332 : c nhim v a g vo bn tch nh cc

8. My cht tre, na Cr-910:

- Khi tre na i vo my cht c phun ra y ct

- t c kch thc ta phi sng. Sng lm nhim v loi

VI. Cc s c thng gp trong qu trnh

1. G b trt bn bc khng iu chnh c g trn bn

+ Nu nguyn nhn mt in, th gi th in n sa

+ p lc bun lm u cao qu: dn n chnh lch p

+t xch cn thng bo c kh x cha.

I. S dy chuyn cng phn xng nu

II. Thuyt minh dy chuyn phn xng

Mnh (g,tre) t bi nguyn liu c vt ti 526 Ev401 cp

qu trnh nu tng thi gian 235 4248 pht. Phng nh

Cn lng nc b sung cho qu trnh nc Ch67, Ch68, nc

pha long nh Pu614 i vo lc ct Sc304, bt hp cch ca

Bt tp trung 534Ch83 nh cnh khuy Ag120 khuy trn

Ch64, nhit 70-800C, nng 14%, thi gian 100 pht

2. Phng php nu:

4. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nu.

p sut thng em vo ni nu 749kg/cm2tng ng nhit

- Trong qu trnh thm thu dch nu chiu dc bao gi

a: 18 22% (giy vit)

qu trnh nu bt nu ta tng nng ln 30g/l th thi

- V ng lc hc ca qu trnh nu l do chnh lch nng

gian nu cho thch hp ta phi chn modun cho thch hp.

sinh ra bt s khng chn u v mi trng khuch

tn gim cn tr cho dch nu.

lm cho dch nu long, lm cho gim vn tc

khuch tn ko di thi gian nu.

9. Nng dch en:

5. Qu trnh cng ngh:

trang b h thng gia nhit gin tip. Dch nu c ht qua

*Khc tuyn nu:

nguyn liu mnh tre na c vn chuyn n ni nu

Dch trng v dch en sau khi tnh ton c np vo ni

trnh nh hng ti chu k nu ca ni ang nu th lu lng

en v x si b cun t b phng vo h thng thu hi

lm ngng cc kh thi ra t ni nu trong sut giai on

sut trong b ln hn p sut ca h thng ng ng hi.

(3): bm tun hon dch