A1 A2

a1 a2

B1

b1 b2

A1 C1 B1

B2

C1 C2

c1 c2

A1 A2

a1 a2

B1

b1 b2

B2

C1 C2

c1 c2

In the secondary side the three windings are connected in delta. Here windings a1-a2 and A1-A2 are wound on the same limb of the core so the corresponding voltage waves are in phase.

Hence we have drawn a1-a2 parallel to A1-A2.

A1 A2

a1 a2

B1

b1 b2

B2

C1 C2

c1 c2

similarly windings b1-b2 is drawn parallel To B1-B2 and c1-c2 drawn parallel to C1-C2.

A1 A2

a1 a2

B1

b1 b2

B2

C1 C2

c1 c2

A1 A2

a1 a2

B1 B2

b1 b2

C1 C2

c1 c2

In the phasor diagrams primary side voltage phasors A1A2, B1B2 and C1C2. displaced 120 degree from each other.

In the delta side we have so arranged that the phasors form the Delta. In the winding connection diagram a2 is connected to b1 so in the phasor diagram a2 and b1 are joined. Similarly by joining other two phasors according to their winding connection, we will automatically get the above phasor diagram.

A1
A2

a1 a2

B1 B2

b1 b2

C1 C2

c1 c2

Similarly in the secondary side voltage phasors a1a2, b1b2 and c1c2 are drawn. a1a2 II A1A2 & a1a2 same phase b1b2 II B1B2 & b1b2 same phase c1c2 II C1C2. & c1c2 same phase

A1A2 (Wound in the same limb) B1B2 (Wound in the same limb) C1C2 (Wound in the same limb)

A1
A2

a1 a2

B1 B2

b1 b2

C1 C2

c1 c2

In the delta side phasors form the Delta. In the winding connection diagram a2 is connected to b1 so in the phasor diagram a2 and b1 are joined. Similarly by joining other two phasors according to their winding connection, we will automatically get the above phasor diagram.

A1 A2

a1 a2

B1 B2

b1 b2

N
30

C1 C2

c1 c2

The neutral (star point) physically exist in the star side . In the delta side physically the neutral point does not exist so it cannot be brought out. The delta side neutral is the imaginary point 'n' (geometrically found) which is equidistant from a2, b2 and c2.

c2a2, a2b2 and b2c2 line voltages in secondary delta side. So na2, nb2 and nc2 the phase voltages in secondary side.

30 30

n
N

Now compare the primary side vector diagram and secondary side vector diagram. secondary side Phasor triad has been rotated counterclockwise with respect to primary side. From the geometry it can be confirmed that this angle is 30 degree. As the phasors are ROTATIONG COUNTERCLOCKWISE so the secondary side Phasor a2n (phase voltage) lead the primary side Phasor A2N (phase voltage) by 30 degree.

IEC has devised the standard code for determination of transformer vector group. According to IEC the code for vector group consist of 2 or more letters followed by one or two digits. The 1ST letter is Capital letter which Y, D for High voltage side Star, Delta windings respectively. The 2ND letter is small letter which y, d low voltage side Star, Delta windings respectively. The third is the digits which phase difference between the high voltage and low voltage sides.

In this convention the transformer high voltage side phase voltage (line to Neutral) represented by Minute hand is fixed at 12 O'clock position and the low voltage side phase voltage (line to neutral) represented by the Hour hand which is free to move. Clearly when the minute hand is fixed at 12 position the hour hand can take only twelve numbers of discrete positions 1, 2, 3 ... upto 12 The angle between any two consecutive numbers in a clock is 30 degrees (360/12). Hence the angle between hour and minute hands can only be multiples of 30 degrees. See the figure.

30

30

voltage secondary side Phasor a2n leads the high voltage primary side Phasor A2N by 30 degree. (remember that the comparison is between the phase voltages). According to the clock convention this specific case represent 11 O' clock. So the above transformer connection can be represented by the symbol Yd11(or YNd11). N or n may be used for a brought out neutral.