Khi nim chun ho

(Normalization )

The process of converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures:

Khng c s lp li cc thuc tnh bng khc tr thuc tnh kho Loi cc thuc tnh l kt qu ca thuc tnh khc
Vd: Phieunhap (S phiu, ngy, tn vt t, s lng, n gi, thnh tin) Thnh tin= s lng* n gi

Chun ho

Bao gm 1 dy cc cng on sau:

1NF->2NF->3NF, Boycode->4NF->5NF

Nu m hnh thc th quan h m lm tt th qu trnh ny ch nhm kim tra li bc trc.

Chun ho dng 1

(First normal form 1NF)

Mt qh c gi l tho chun 1 nu n khng cha cc thuc tnh lp

Cch lm: Tch 1 qh thnh 2 qh

Quan h 1: gm cc thuc tnh lp v phn kho chnh x chng

Quan h 2: Gm cc tt cn li v kho chnh khng bao gm tt lp

V d
PHIU XUT KHO Ngy H tn ngi nhn L do xut Thng Nm a ch S:

Xut ti kho
STT Tn sn phm M s DVT SL DG TT

Cng
Bng ch Ngi lp phiu Th kho Khh hng

Phiu xut (S phiu xut, ngy, din gii, m

khch hng, h tn, a ch, m vt t, tn vt t, n v tnh, s lng, n gi, thnh tin)

Phiu xut (S phiu xut, ngy, din gii, m

khch hng, h tn, a ch)

Chi tit phiu xut (S phiu xut, m vt t, tn

vt t, n v tnh, s lng, n gi, thnh tin)

Chun ho dng 2 (Second normal form 2NF)

L chun 1 m khng tn ti cc thuc tnh khng kho li ph thuc 1 phn vo kho Cch lm: Tch 1 quan h thnh 2 quan h

Quan h 1: Cc thuc tnh ph thuc mt phn kho chnh v phn kho chnh xc nh chng Quan h 2: Cc thuc tnh cn li v kho chnh

Phiu xut ( SoPX, ngay, diengiai, MAKH, Hoten, diachi)

CTPX ( Sopx, maVT, tn vt t, n v tnh, SL, DG, TT)

Phiu xut ( SoPX, ngay, diengiai, MAKH, Hoten, diachi) DMVattu ( MaVT, tn vt t, n v tnh) CTPX ( Sopx, MaVT,SL, DG, TT)

Chun ho dng 3 (Third normal form 3NF)

L chun 2 v khng tn ti cc thuc tnh ph thuc vo thuc tnh khng phi l kho (Ph thuc bc cu vo kho). Cch lm: Tch 1 quan h thnh 2 quan h

Quan h 1: Cc thuc tnh ph bc cu v thuc tnh cu

Quan h 2: Cc thuc tnh cn li v thuc tnh cu

Phiu xut( SoPX, ngay, diengiai, MAKH, Hoten, diachi) DMVattu( MaVT, tn vt t, n v tnh) CTPX( Sopx, MaVT,SL, DG, TT)

Phiu xut( SoPX, ngay, diengiai, MAKH) Khachhang( MAKH, Hoten, diachi)

DMVattu (MaVT, tn vt t, n v tnh)

CTPX( Sopx, MaVT,SL, DG, TT)

V d

SALE (Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Salesperson) SPERSON (Salesperson, Region)

SALE (Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Salesperson) SPERSON (Salesperson ,Region)

Chun Boyce-Codd

(Boyce-codd normal form BCNF)

Mt quan h R l BCNF nu X,A l 2 tp thuc tnh ca R, A khng ph thuc vo X m X->A th X phi l kho d tuyn ca R Hu ht cc quan h chun 3 th tho chun BCNF, quan h tho chun BCNF th tho chun 3 Cch lm: Tch 1 quan h thnh 2 quan h

Quan h 1: Gm cc thuc tnh (A,B) ca quan h A->B, B#A

v A khng l kho d tuyn

Quan h 2: Gm cc thuc tnh cn li v A

V d
Dy hc ( Lp, mn, gio vin)

Quan h dy hc trn theo quy tc:

- Mi lp c th hc mt s mn
- Mi mn c th c mt s gio vin dy - Mt mn ca 1 lp c th ch c mt gio vin dy - Mi gio vin ch dy mt mn - Mi gio vin c th dy nhiu lp

-> C 2 ph thuc hm
( Lp, mn)-> gio vin Gio vin-> mn

V d
Lop K47-Toan K47 Tin K48 -Toan Toan Toan Toan Mon Giaovien Mai Anh Ngoc Mai Anh

V d

Nu dng 2 ta i mn ton->PTTKHT th mt i thng

tin Gio vin Ngc dy mn ton

Lop K47-Toan K47 Tin Toan

Mon

Giaovien Mai Anh Linh

PTTKHT

K48 -Toan

Toan

Mai Anh

V d

Tch thnh 2 quan h: Mon-GV ( Giao vin, mn ) Lop-GV (Lop,gio vin)

Lop K47Toan K47 Tin

Giaovien Mai Anh Linh

Giaovien

Mon

Mai Anh
Linh

Toan
PTTKHT

K48Toan

Mai Anh

Chun ho dng 4 (Fourth normal form 4NF)

Mt quan h R l chun 4 nu l BCNF v khng cha ph thuc hm a tr Ph thuc hm a tr pht sinh khi c t nht 3 nhm thuc tnh (A,B,C): A->>B,A->>C, B&C c lp. Cch lm: Tch 1 quan h thnh 2 quan h

Quan h 1: Gm cc thuc tnh (A,B)

Quan h 2: Gm cc thuc tnh (A,C)

V d
Mon hoc Tin CB Tin CB Tin CB Tin CB

Giao vien Ngoc Anh Ngoc Anh Nga Ngoc C

Giao trinh

Pascal Pascal Foxpro

Mn hc->> gio vin Mn hoc->> gio trnh Vn xy ra khi tr li cu hi: Mn TinCB c nhng ai dy hay c nhng gio trnh g?

V d

Tch thnh 2 quan h: Mon-GV( Giao vin, mn ) Mon-GT (Mon, giaotrinh)

Mon TinCB TinCB C

Giaotrinh

Mon TinCB TinCB

Giao vien Anh Nga

Pascal

TinCB

Foxpro

TinCB

Ngoc

KQ: Tr li cho cu hi c nhng kh nng dy no

Chun ho dng 5 (Fifth normal form 5NF)

Mt quan h R l chun 5 nu l chun 4 v khng cha ph thuc hm kt ni Mt quan h cha ph thuc hm kt ni l quan h c th chia chng thnh hai hay nhiu quan h m c th kt hp chng c 1 quan h ban u.

VD: Kh nng dy hc (lop,mon,gv) -> Lop-mon (Lop,mon) GV-mon (Gio vin, mn)