4-3

4.3 This problem calls for the computation of the activation energy for vacancy formation in silver. Upon examination of Equation 4.1, all parameters besides Qv are given except N, the total number of atomic sites. However, N is related to the density, (), Avogadro's number (NA), and the atomic weight (A) according to Equation 4.2 as
N A Pb APb

N =

(6.023 10 23 atoms / mol)(9.5 g /cm3)

107.9 g / mol

= 5.30 x 1022 atoms/cm3 = 5.30 x 1028 atoms/m3

Now, taking natural logarithms of both sides of Equation 4.1,

Q ln N v = ln N v kT

and, after some algebraic manipulation

N Qv = kT ln v N 3.60 10 23 m3 = (8.62 10-5 eV/atom - K) (800C + 273 K) ln 28 3 5.30 10 m

= 1.10 eV/atom

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