clear all

close all
clear, clf
b=4; M=2^b; L=2^(b/2); % # of bits per symbol and the modulation order
SNRbdBt=0:0.1:15;
SNRbt=10.^(SNRbdBt/10);
Pm=2*(1-1/L)*Q(sqrt(3/2*b*SNRbt/(M-1))); % Eq.(7.1.5)
pobet= (1-(1-Pm).^2)/b; % Eq.(7.5.8) with (7.5.6)
Tb=1; Ts=b*Tb; % Bit/Symbol time
Nb=16; Ns=b*Nb; % # of sample times in Tb and Ts
T=Ts/Ns; LB=4*Ns; LBN1=LB-Ns+1; % Sample time and Buffer size
ssc=[0 0; 0 1; 1 1; 1 0]; sss=ssc;
wc=8*pi/Ts; wcT=wc*T; t=[0:Ns-1]*T;
su=sqrt(2/Ts)*[cos(wc*t); -sin(wc*t)]; suT=su*T; % Basis signals
Esum= 0;
gs='>^<vs*x+d';
% 16-QAM signal waveforms corresponding to rectangular constellation
for i=1:L
for l=1:L
s(i,l,1)=2*i-L-1; s(i,l,2)=2*l-L-1; %In-phase/quadrature amplitude
Esum= Esum +s(i,l,1)^2 +s(i,l,2)^2;
ss(L*(l-1)+i,:)=[ssc(i,:) sss(l,:)];
sw(L*(l-1)+i,:)=s(i,l,1)*su(1,:)+s(i,l,2)*su(2,:);
end
end
Eav=Esum/M, Es_av=2*(M-1)/3 % Eq.(7.5.4a): Average signal energy (A=1)
Es=2;sqEs=sqrt(Es); % Energy of signal waveform
A=sqrt(Es/Eav); sw=A*sw; levels=A*[-(L-1):2:L-1];
SNRdBs=[1:15]; MaxIter=10000; % Range of SNRbdB and # of iterations
for iter=1:length(SNRdBs)
SNRbdB= SNRdBs(iter); SNR=10^(SNRbdB/10);
sigma2=(Es/b)/SNR; sgmsT=sqrt(sigma2/T);
yr= zeros(2,LB); nobe= 0; % Number of bit errors to be accumulated
for k=1:MaxIter
im= ceil(rand*L); in= ceil(rand*L);s=ss(im,:);
imn= (in-1)*L+im; % Index of signal to transmit
s=ss(imn,:); % Data bits to transmit
for n=1:Ns % Operation per symbol time
wct= wcT*(n-1); bp_noise= randn*cos(wct)-randn*sin(wct);
rn= sw(imn,n) + sgmsT*bp_noise;
yr= [yr(:,2:LB) suT(:,n)*rn]; % Multiplier
end
ycsk=sum(yr(:,LBN1:LB)'); % Sampled correlator output - DTR input
%Detector(DTR)
if iter==9&k<300 % Diagrama de la constelacion
hold on
plot(ycsk(1),ycsk(2),gs(im))
grid on
end
th= atan2(ycsk(2),ycsk(1));
if th<-pi/M, th=th+2*pi; end
[dmin_i,mi]= min(abs(ycsk(1)-levels));
[dmin_l,ml]= min(abs(ycsk(2)-levels));
d= ss((ml-1)*L+mi,:); % Detected data bits
nobe = nobe+sum(s~=d);
if nobe>100; break; end
end
pobe(iter)= nobe/(k*b);
end
figure(1)
plot(sqEs*[1 0 -1 0],sqEs*[0 1 0 -1],'ro')
title('Puntos de la constelacion')
figure(2)

semilogy(SNRbdBt, pobet, 'k-', SNRdBs, pobe, 'b*')

title('Probability of Bit Error for 16-ary QPSK')

SIMULACIONES: