Chng I :

VECT

1: CAC NH NGHA
A: TOM TAT LY THUYET
Vect la oan thang co dnh hng Ky hieu : AB ; CD hoac a ; b Vect khong la vect co iem au trung iem cuoi : Ky hieu Hai vect cung phng la hai vect co gia song song hoac trung Hai vect cung phng th hoac cung hng hoac ngc hng Hai vect bang nhau neu chung cung hng va cung o dai B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : Bai 1: Bai tap SGK : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 9 SGK nang cao

u u r u u u r u

r r

r 0
nhau

Bai 2: Cho 5 iem A, B, C, D, E. Co bao nhieu vect khac vect - khong co iem au va iem cuoi la cac iem o. Bai 3: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co tam la O . Tm cac vect t 5 iem A, B, C , D , O u u r u u u r u a) bang vect AB ; OB b) Co o dai bang OB Bai 4 : Cho t giac ABCD, goi M, N, P, Q lan lt la trung iem AB, BC, CD, DA. QP ; NP = MQ Chng minh : MN = Bai 5 : Cho tam giac ABC co trc tam H va O tam la ng tron ngoai B'C tiep . Goi B la iem oi xng B qua O . Chng minh : AH = Bai 6 : Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD . Dng AM =BA , MN = DA, NP = DC , PQ =BC . Chng minh

u u u r

AQ = O

2. TONG VA HIEU HAI VECT

A: Tom tat ly thuyet :

nh ngha: Cho AB = a ; BC = b . Khi o AC = a + b r r r r Tnh chat : * Giao hoan : a + b = b + a * Ket hp ( a + b ) + c = a + (b + c )

u u u r r u u u r r r r r

u u u r

r r r r * Tn h chat vect khong a + 0 = a u u r u u u r u u u r u Quy tac 3 iem : Cho A, B ,C tuy y, ta co : AB + BC = AC u u u r u u u r Quy tac hnh bnh hanh . Neu ABCD la hnh bnh hanh th AB + AD u u u r = AC
Quy tac ve hieu vec t : Cho O , B ,C tuy y ta co :
OB OC = CB

B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : B1: TRAC NGHIEM Cau1: Phat bieu nao sau ay la ung: a) Hai vect khong bang nhau th co o dai khong bang nhau b) Hieu cua 2 vect co o dai bang nhau la vect khong c) Tong cua hai vect khac vect khong la 1 vect khac vect -khong r d) Hai vect cung phng vi 1 vec t khac 0 th 2 vec t o cung phng vi nhau
Cau 2: Cho hnh ch nhat ABCD, goi O la giao iem cua AC va BD, phat bieu nao la ung a) OA = OB = OC = OD b) AC = BD

c) OA + OB + OC + OD = 0

d) AC - AD = AB

Cau 3: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a, trong tam la G. Phat bieu nao la ung a) AB = AC b) GA = GB = GC c) | AB + AC | = 2a d) AB + AC =
3 AB - AC 2

Cau 4: Cho AB khac 0 va cho iem C. Co bao nhieu iem D thoa AB

= CD a) vo so c) 2 iem

b) 1 iem d) Khong co iem nao

Cau 5: Cho a va b khac 0 thoa a = b . Phat bieu nao sau ay la ung: a) a va b cung nam tren 1 ng thang b) a + b = a + b c) a - b = a - b d) a - b = 0 Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC , trong tam la G. Phat bieu nao la ung u u u r u u u r a) AB + BC = | AC | b) GA + GB + GC = 0 c) | AB + BC | = AC d) | GA + GB + GC | = 0 B2: T LUAN : Bai 1: Bai tap SGK :1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 trang 12 SGK c ban ; Bai 17, 18, 19, 20 trang 17, 18 SGK nang cao

u u u r r u u u r r Bai 2: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD tam O . at AO = a ; BO = b u u r u u u r u r r u u u r u u u r Tnh AB ; BC ; CD ; DA theo a va b u u u r u u r u u u r u u u r u Bai 3: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh a . Tnh BC + AB ; AB - AC theo a Bai 4: Cho hnh ch nhat ABCD co AB = 8cm ; AD = 6cm . Tm tap hp iem M , u N thoa u u r u u u u r u u u r a) AO - AD = MO u u u r u u u u r u u r b) AC - AD = NB Bai 5: Cho 7 iem ; C ;u D F ; G . Chng minh rang : u u u rA ; B u u r; E ;u u u u r u u u r u u r a) = CB + ED AB + CD + EA u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r b) + CF = AE + BF + CD AD + u BE u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u r u u u r c) + GA = CB + ED + GF AB + CD + u EF u u r u u u r r u u u r u u u r u u r u u u r d) AB - AF + CD - CB + EF - ED = 0
OB = OM , OA OB = ON . Khi nao Bai 6 : Cho tam giac OAB. Gia s OA + iem M nam tren ng phan giac trong cua goc AOB? Khi nao N nam tren ng phan giac ngoai cua goc AOB ?

Bai 7 : Cho ngu giac eu ABCDE tam O Chng minh :

OA +OB +OC +OD +OE = O

Bai 8 : Cho tam giac ABC . Goi A la iem oi xng cua B qua A, B la iem oi xng vi C qua B, C la iem oi xng cua A qua C. vi mot iem O bat ky, ta co:
OA +OB + OC = OA' +OB ' + OC '

Bai 9: Cho giac co u u u r lu u u u r u u u r eu u u u r ABCDEF u u u r u u u r r tam la O . CMR : a) OA + OB + OC + OD + OE + OF = 0 u u u r u u u r u u u r r b) OA + OC + OE = 0 u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u r c) AB + AO + AF = AD u u r u u u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u u r u u u r d) MA + MC + ME = MB + MD + MF ( M tuy y ) Bai 10: Cho tam giac ABC ; ve ben ngoai cac hnh bnh hanh ABIF ; BCPQ ; CARS u u r u u r r u u u r Chng minh rang : + + PS = 0 IQ RF Bai 11: Cho tam giac ABC noi tiep trong ng tron tam O , trc tam H , ve ng knh AD u u u r u u u r u u u r a) Chng minh rang HB + HC = HD u u u r u u u r b) Goi H la oi xng cua H qua O .Chng minh rang HA + HB + u u u r u u u u r HC = HH ' u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r Bai 12: Tm tnh chat tam giac ABC, biet rang : CA + CB = CA - CB

3: TCH CUA VECT VI MOT SO

A. TOM TAT LY THUYET:
Cho kR , k a la 1 vect c xac nh: * Neu k 0 th k a cung hng vi vi a * o dai vect k a bang k . a Tnh chat : a) k(m a ) = (km) a b) (k + m) a = k a + m a c) k( a + b ) = k a + k b d) k
a a

; k < 0 th k a ngc hng

= 0 k = 0 hoac

= 0

b cung phng a ( a 0 ) khi va ch khi co so k thoa b =k a u u u r ieu kien can va u e A , B , C thang hang la co so k sao cho AB u u u r =k AC Cho b khong cungphng a , x luon c bieu dien x = m a + n b ( m, n duy nhat ) B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : B1: trac nghiem Cau 1: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co O la giao iem cua AC va BD .Tm cau sai a) AB + AD = AC c) OA + OB = OC + OD Cau 2: Phat bieu nao la sai a) Neu AB = AC th | AB | =| AC | hang r c) 3 AB +7 AC = 0 th A,B,C thang hang
1 ( BA + CB ) 2 d ) OB + OA = DA

r r

b) OA =

b) AB = CD th A, B,C, D thang d) AB - CD = DC - BA

Cau 3: Cho t giac ABCD co M,N la trung iem AB va CD . u u u u r u u u r Tm gia tr x thoa AC + BD = x MN a) x = 3 b) x = 2 c) x = -2 d) x = -3 Cau 4: Cho tam giac ABC va ABC co trong tam lan lt la G va G u u u r u u u r u u u u r at P = AA ' + BB ' + CC ' . Khi o ta co

u u u u r GG '

a) P = GG '

u u u u r

b) P = 2 GG '

u u u u r

c) P = 3 GG '

u u u u r

d) P = -

Cau 5: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a, trong tam la G. Phat bieu nao la ung a) AB = AC b) | AB + AC | = 2a c) GB + GC =

u u u r u u u r

u u u r AG

a 3 3

d) AB + AC = 3

u u u r

u u u r

Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC ,co bao nhieu iem M thoa MA + MB + MC = 5 a) 1 b) 2 c) vo so d) Khong co iem nao Cau 7: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a co I,J, K lan lt la trung iem BC , CA va AB . u u r u u u r u u u r Tnh gia tr cua | AI + BJ + CK | a) 0 b)

3a 3 2

c)

a 3 2

d) 3a

Cau 8: Cho tam giac ABC , I la trung iem BC ,trong tam la G . Phat bieu nao la ung a) GA = 2 GI b) IB + IC = 0 c) AB + IC = AI d) GB + GC = 2GI B2: T LUAN : Bai 1: Bai tap SGK : Bai 4, 9 trang 17 SGK c ban ; bai 21 en 28 trang 23, 24 SGK nang cao Bai 2 : Cho tam giac ABC co AM la trung tuyen. Goi I la trung iem AM va K la mot iem tren canh AC sao cho AK = iem B, I, K thang hang Bai 3 : Cho tam giac ABC. Hai iem M, N c xac nh bi cac he thc BC +MA = O; AB NA 3 AC = O . Chng minh MN // AC Bai 4: Cho hnh nhat ABCD tam O , iem M u u u r ch u u u r u u u u r la 1 iem bat ky : u u u u r u u u r u u u u r a) Tnh MS = MA + MB + MC + MD theo MO T o suy ra ng thang MS quay quanh co nh u u u r1 iem u u u u r u u u r u u u u r b) Tm tap hp iem M thoa MA + MB + MC + MD = a ( a > 0 cho trc ) u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r c) Tm tap hp iem N thoa NA + NB = NC + ND
1 AC. Chng minh ba 3

Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC ; tren BC lay D ; E thoa BD = DE = EC . Goi I la trung iem BC u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r S la 1 iem thoa SA = AB + AD + AE + AC Chng minh rang 3 iem I ; S ; A thang hang Bai 6 :Cho tam giac ABC. iem I nam tren canh AC sao cho CI = iem ma
1 2 BJ = AC AB . 2 3 3 a) Chng minh : BI = AC AB 4

1 CA, J la 4

b) Chng minh B, I, J thang hang c) Hay dng iem J thoa ieu kien e bai Bai 7 : Cho tam giac ABC . a) Tm iem K sao cho KA +2 KB =CB B) Tm iem M sao cho MA +MB +2MC =O Bai 8: Cho tam giac ABC. BI = BC ; CJ = CA ; AK = AB 3 3 3 a) Chng minh rang: IC + JA + KB = 0 AI + BJ + CK = 0 . Suy ra ABC va IJK cung trong tam b) Tm tap hp M thoa: MA + MB + MC = MB + MC 2 2 MB + MC =2 MA + MB c) Tnh IK ; IJ theo AB va AC Bai 9: Cho tam giac ABC co I, J , K lan lt la trung iem BC , CA , AB . G la trong tam tam giac ABC 1) Chng minh rang AI + BJ + CK = 0 .Suy ra tam giac ABC va IJK cung trong tam 2) Tm tap hp iem M thoa : a) MA + MB + MC =
3 MB + MC 2 2 3 1 1 1

b) MB + MC = MB - MC 3) D, E xac nh bi : AD = 2 AB va AE = AC . Tnh DE va DG theo 5

AB
AC

va Suy . ra 3 iem D,G,E thang hang Bai 10 : Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam la G , M la 1 iem nam trong tam giac. Ve MD ; ME ; MF lan lt vuong goc vi 3 canh cua tam giac u u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u r 3 u Chng minh rang MD + ME + MF = MG 2

4 :TRUC TOA O VA HE TRUC TOA O :

A. TOM TAT LY THUYET : Truc la ng thang tren o xac nh iem O va 1 vect i co o dai bang 1. r Ky hieu truc (O; i ) hoac xOx A,B nam tren truc (O; i ) th AB = AB i . Khi o AB goi la o dai ai so cua AB He truc toa o vuong goc gom 2 truc Ox Oy. Ky hieu Oxy hoac (O;

r r i j r r r r r r oi vi he truc (O; i ; j ), neu a =x i +y j th (x;y) la toa o cua a r . Ky hieu a = (x;y) r r Cho a = (x;y) ; b = (x;y) ta co r r b = (x x;y y) ar k =(kx ; ky) ; k R ra r r r b cung phng a ( a 0 ) khi va ch khi co so k thoa
x=kx va y= ky Cho M(xM ; yM) va N(xN ; yN) ta co P la trung iem MN th xp =

; )

u u u u r MN = (xM xN ; yM yN)

xM + x N y + yN va yP = M 2 2 x A + xB + xC va yG = 3

Neu G la trong tam tam giac ABC th xG =

y A + yB + yC 2

B. NOI DUNG BAI TAP : B1 : BAI TAP TRAC NGHIEM Cau 1: Cho a =(1 ; 2) va b = (3 ; 4). Vec t m = 2 a +3 b co toa o la u r u r u r u r a) m =( 10 ; 12) b) m =( 11 ; 16) c) m =( 12 ; 15) d) m = ( 13 ; 14)

u r

Cau 2: Cho tam giac ABC vi A( -3 ; 6) ; B ( 9 ; -10) va G( tam . Toa o C la : a) C( 5 ; -4) b) C( 5 ; 4) c) C( -5 ; 4)

1 3

; 0) la trong d) C( -5 ; -4)

Cau 3: Cho A(m - 1; 2) , B(2;5-2m) C(m-3;4). Tm gia tr cua m e A ; B ; C thang hang a) m = 2 b) m = 3 c) m = -2 d) m = 1 Cau 4: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 3; -1) ; B(-4;2) ; C(4; 3). Tm D e ABDC la hbh a) D( 3;6) b) D(-3;6) c) D( 3;-6) d) D(-3;-6) Cau 5 :Cho a =3 i -4 j va b = i - j . Tm phat bieu sai : a) a = 5

r r

b) b = 0

c) a - b =( 2 ; -3) 1 3

d) b =

Cau 6: Cho A(3 ; -2) ; B (-5 ; 4) va C( la a) x = 3 b) x = -3

; 0) . Ta co AB = x AC th gia tr x d) x = -4

u u u r

u u u r

c) x = 2

Cau 7: Cho a =(4 ; -m) ; b =(2m+6 ; 1). Tm tat ca cac gia tr cua m e 2 vect cung phng a) m=1 m = -1 b) m=2 m = -1 c) m=-2 m = -1 d) m=1 m = -2 Cau 8: Cho tam giac ABC co A(1 ; 2) ; B( 5 ; 2) va C(1 ; -3) co tam ng tron ngoai tiep I la 1 1 a) I = (3 ; ) b)I = (3 ; -1) c) I = (-3 ; ) d) I = (3 ; 2 2 1 ) 2 r r r r r r Cau 9:Cho a =( 1 ; 2) va b = (3 ; 4) ; cho c = 4 a - b th toa o cua c la : r r r r a) c =( -1 ; 4) b) c =( 4 ; 1) c) c =(1 ; 4) d) c =( -1 ; -4) Cau 10:Cho tam giac ABC vi A( -5 ; 6) ; B (-4 ; -1) va C(4 ; 3). Tm D e ABCD la hnh bnh hanh a) D(3 ; 10) b) D(3 ; -10) c) D(-3 ; 10) d) D(-3 ; -10) B2 :T LUAN :

Bai 1: Bai tap SGK :29 en 36 TRANG 30, 31 SGK nang cao Bai 2 : Cho tam giac ABC . Cac iem M(1; 0) , N(2; 2) , p(-1;3) lan lt la trung iem cac canh BC, CA, AB. Tm toa o cac nh cua tam giac Bai 3 : Cho A(1; 1); B(3; 2); C(m+4; 2m+1). Tm m e 3 iem A, B, C thang hang Bai 4 : Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a . Chon he truc toa o (O; i ; trong o O la trung iem BC, i cung hng vi OC , j cung hng OA . a) Tnh toa o cua cac nh cua tam giac ABC b) Tm toa o trung iem E cua AC c) Tm toa o tam ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC
j

),

Bai 5 : Cho luc giac eu ABCDEF. Chon he truc toa o (O; i ; j ), trong o O la tam luc giac eu , i cung hng vi OD , j cung hng EC . Tnh toa o cac nh luc giac eu , biet canh cua luc giac la 6 . Bai 6:Cho A(-1; 2), B (3; -4), u u u r C(5; r 0). Tm toa o iem D neu biet: u u u r u u u r a) AD 2 BD + 3 CD = 0 u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r b) AD 2 AB = 2 BD + BC c) ABCD hnh bnh hanh d) ABCD hnh thang co hai ay la BC, AD vi BC = 2AD Bai 7 :Cho hai iem I(1; -3), J(-2; 4) chia oan AB thanh ba oan bang nhau AI = IJ = JB a) Tm toa o cua A, B b) Tm toa o cua iem I oi xng vi I qua B c) Tm toa o cua C, D biet ABCD hnh bnh hanh tam K(5, -6) r r r Bai 8: Cho a =(2; 1) ; b =( 3 ; 4) va c =(7; 2) r r r r a) Tm toa o cua vect u = 2 a - 3 b + c r r r r r b) Tm toa o cua vect x thoa x + a = b - c r r r c) Tm cac so m ; n thoa c = m a + n b

BAI TAP ON TAP CHNG I

Bai 1:Bai tap SGK trang 35, 36, 37, 38 sach nang cao

Bai 2:Tam giac ABC la tam giac g neu no thoa man mot trong cac ieu kien sau ? AC a) AB +AC =AB b) Vect AB + AC vuong goc vi vect AB +CA Bai 2 :T giac ABCD la hnh g neu no thoa man mot trong cac ieu kien sau ? BC = DC a) AC m DC + DA b) DB = Bai 3:Cho tam giac ABC , vi moi so thc k ta xac nh cac iem A , B k BC , BB ' = k CA . Tm qu tch trong tam G cua trung iem sao cho AA' = ABC. Bai 4: Cho t giac ABCD . Cac iem M,, N, P va Q lan lt la trung iem AB, BC, CD va DA . Chng minh hai tam giac ANP va CMQ co cung trong tam Bai 5: :Cho tam giac ABC va mot iem M tuy y , Chng minh vect v= MA +MB 2 MC khong phu thuoc vao v tr cua iem M. Hay dng v iem D sao cho CD = Bai 6: Cho tam giac ABC noi tiep trong ng tron tam O, H la trc tam tam giac , D la iem oi xng cua A qua O. a) Chng minh t giac HCDB la hnh bnh hanh b) Chng minh :
HA +HD = 2 HO HA +HB +HC = 2 HO OA +OB +OC = OH

c) Goi G la trong tam tam giac ABC. Chng minh ket luan g ve 3 iem G, H, O.

OH =3OG .

T o

Bai 7: Cho hai hnh bnh hanh ABCD va ABCD co chung nh A. Chng minh : C ' C +DD ' = 0 a) BB ' + b) Hai tam giac BCD va BCD co cung trong tam

Chng II: TCH VO HNG CUAHAI VECT VA NG DUNG

1: GIA TR LNG GIAC CUA MOT GOC BAT KY

0 en 180 )
0 0

( T

A.TOM TAT LY THUYET nh ngha : Tren na dng tron n v lay iem M thoa goc xOM = va M( x ; y) *. sin goc la y; ky hieu sin = y *. cos goc la x0; ky hieu cos = y0 *. tang goc la y x ( x 0); ky hieu tan = y x

x x *. cotang goc la ( y 0); ky hieu cot = y y Bang gia tr lng giac cua cac goc ac biet


Sin

00

300
1 2
3 2 3 3 3

450
2 2 2 2

600
3 2

900

Cos

1 2
3 3 3

tan

Cot

Hai goc bu nhau: Sin( 1800- ) = sin Cos ( 1800-) = - cos Tan (1800-) = - Tan ( 900) Cot ( 1800-) = - Cot ( 0 << 1800) B.V DU V du 1: Tnh gia tr lng giac cua goc a. b. 45
0

1200

Giai:

a. Sin 450 = b. Sin 1200 =

2 , cos 450 = 2

2 , tan 450=1, cot 450 = 1 2 3 , cot1200= 3 3

1 3 , cos 1200 = - , tan1200 = 2 2

V du 2: Tnh gia tr bieu thc A = Cos 200 + cos 800+ cos 1000+ cos1600

Giai:
A = Cos 200+ cos 800 + (-cos 800) + ( - cos 200) C : BAI TAP Bai 1: Tnh gia tr bieu thc: a. b. A=( 2sin 300 + cos 135
0

=0

3 tan 1500)( cos 1800 -cot 600)

B= sin2900 + cos 21200- cos200- tan2600+ cot21350

Bai 2: n gian cac bieu thc: a) A= Sin 1000 + sin 800+ cos 160 + cos 1640 <900) b) B= 2 Sin (1800- ) cot - cos(1800- ) tan cot(1800- ) . (Vi 00<

Bai 3 : a) Chng minh rang sin2x +cos2x = 1 ( 00 x 1800) b)Tnh sinx khi cosx = 3 5 2 3 1 cos x 1 sin x
2 2

c) Tnh sinx.cosx neu sinx cosx = d) Chng minh rang 1 + tan2 x = e) Chng minh rang 1 + cot2 x =

( Vi x 900 ) ( Vi 00 < x < 18000 )

Bai 4 : Tnh gia tr bieu thc: A = cos 00 + cos100 + cos200 + . . . . . . + cos 1700

B= cos21200 - sin21500 +2 tan1350 Bai 5: Cho tam giac ABC , Chng minh rang a) sin(A + B)sin(B + C)sin(C + A) = sinAsinBsinC b) cos(A + C) + cos B = 0 c) tan( A C) + tan( B + 2C) = 0 Bai 6: Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam G . Tnh goc gia a) AB va AC d) GB va GC

u u r

u u r

u u r

u u r

b) AB va BC

u u r

u u r

c) GA va AC

u u u r

u u r

c) AG va BC

u u u r

u u r

2: TCH VO HNG 2 VECT

A. TOM TAT LY THUYET:

Cho OA = a va OB = b r r r va b Ky hieu ( a ; b )

u u u r

u u r r

. Khi o goc AOB la goc giua 2 vect a

Neu a = 0 hoac b= 0 th goc ( a ; b ) tuy y Neu ( a ; b ) = 900 ta ky hieu a b

a .b = a b cos( a, b )

r r r

r r

Bnh phng vo hng a 2 = a 2 . Cac quy tac: Cho a b c ; k R

a. b a. b

= b. a = 0 <=>
a

( Tnh giao hoan) b

(k a , b = k ( a b ) ( b c ) = va tr )
a

a b a c

(Tnh chat phan phoi oi vi phep cong

Phng tch cua mot iem oi vi mot ng tron Cho ng tron (O,R) va mot iem M co nh, Mot ng thang thay oi, luon i qua iem M cat ng tron (O,R) tai A, B Phng tch cua iem M, oi vi ng tron (O,R): k hieu:

u u u ru u u r P M/(O) = MO2 R2 = MA.MB

P M/(O)

Neu M ngoai ng tron (O,R), MT la tiep tuyen th MT

2

P M/(O) =

Bieu thc toa o cua tch vo hng Cho a = (x, y) , b = (x', y') ; M(xM, yM), N(xN, yN); ta co

a . b = x.x' + y.y'

|a | =

x2 + y2

Cos ( a , b ) =

xx'+ yy ' x + y 2 . x ' 2 + y '2

2

a b xx' + yy' = 0

MN = | MN | =

( xM _ x N ) 2 + ( y M _ y N ) 2

B : CAC V DU : V du 1: Cho a = (1, 2), b = (-1, m) a) Tm m e a , b vuong goc b) Tnh o dai a , b ; tm m e | a | = | b |

Giai
a) a b -1 + 2m = 0 m = 2 b) | a | = 1 + 4 = 5

|b | =

1+m2

|a | = |b |

5 = 1 + m2

m = 2

V du2: cho eu ABC canh a va trong tam G; tnh

AB. AC ; AC . CB ; AG . AB; GB . GC ; BG . G A ; GA. BC

Giai
0 AB. AC = a.a cos 60 =

1 2 a 2 1 2 a 2

AC . CB AG . AB

= a.a cos 1200 = =

a 3 1 0 a cos 30 = a2 3 2

GB GC = BG G A =

a2 a 3a 3 0 cos 120 =3 3 6
a 3a 3 a2 0 cos 60 = 3 3 6

GA BC =0

v GA BC

V du 3: Trong Mp oxy cho 2 iem M(-2;2),N(4,1) a)Tm tren truc ox iem P cach eu 2 iem M,N b)Tnh cos cua goc MON

Giai
a) p ox => P( xp,0) MP = NP <=> MP2 = NP2 <=> (xp +2)2 + 22 = ( xp -2)2 + 12 Vay P ( b)
3 ,0) 4

OM =(-2,2),ON =(4, 1 )

Cos MON = cos( OM , ON )= C. BAI TAP:

- 2.4 +2.1 =8. 17

3 34

A. Trac nghiem :
Cau 1: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A, AB = a ; BC = 2a u u u r u u u r * Tnh tch vo hng CA . CB a) a2 b) 3a2

u u r u u u r u * Tnh tch vo hng BA . BC

a) a2 b) a2 3

c) a2 3

d)

1 2

a2

c) - a2

d)

1 2

a2

r r r r Cau 2: Cho a =(3; -1) va b =(-1; 2). Khi o goc gia a va b la a) 300 b) 450 c) 1350 d) 900 r r r r Cau 3:Cho a =( 2 ; 5) va b = (3 ; -7). Khi o goc gia a va b la a) 450 b) 300 c) 1350 d) 1200 Cau 4: Cho A(m - 1; 2) , B(2;5-2m) C(m-3;4). Tm gia tr cua m e A ; B ; C thang hang a) m = 2 b) m = 3 c) m = -2 d) m = 1 Cau 5: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 3; -1) ; B(-4;2) ; C(4; 3). Tm D e ABDC la hbh a) D( 3;6) b) D(-3;6) c) D( 3;-6) d) D(-3;-6) Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( -2; 8) ; B(-6;1) ; C(0; 4). Tam giac ABC la tam giac g a) Can b)Vuong can c) Vuong d)eu u u u r u u u r Cau 7: Cho AB =(2x - 5 ; 2) ; AC =(3 x; -2). nh x e A , B , C thang hang a) x = 2 b) x = -2 c) x = 1 d) x = -1
Cau 8: Cho tam giac eu ABC co trong tam G. Phat bieu nao ung 2 a) AB = AC b) AG = c) AG . AB = AG AC d) GA 2 + GB 2 + GC AC 3 = 02 Cau 9:Cho (O,5), iem I ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen IAB vi IA = 9, IB = 16 a) IO= 13 b) IO= 12 c) IO= 10 d) IO= 15

C au 10: Cho A( 1;4) ;B(3 ; -6) ; C(5;4). Tm ta tm I ng trn ngoi tip ABC: a) I(2;5) b) I(
3 ; 2) 2

c)I(9; 10)

d)I(3;4)

Cau 11:ng tron qua 3 iem A(1;2) ; B(5;2) C(1 ; -3) co tam I la : a) I( 2; 1) b) I( -2; 1) c) I( 3; -0.5) d) I( 2; -0.5)

Cau 12: Phat bieu nao la sai a) Neu AB = AC th | AB | =| AC | c) AB . AC = BA . CA

b) Neu a b = a . c th b = c d) AB - CD = DC - BA

Cau 13: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a, trong tam la G. Phat bieu nao la ung a) AB = AC b) | AB + AC | = 2a c) AB . AC = a2 d) AG . BC = 0 Cau 14: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh a .Ket qua nao ung a) AB . AC = a2 b) AB . AD = a2 c) AC . BD = 2a2 AB . CD = 0 d)

Cau 15:Cho (O,30), iem I ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen IAB vi IA = 54, IB = 96 a) IO= 69 b) IO= 78 c) IO=84 d) IO=81 Cau 16:Ch ra cong thc ung a) a 2 = a b) a 2 = | a | |a | = a

c)

d)

Cau 17 : Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a.Tch vo hng AB . BC nhan ket qua nao a) a2
3 2

b) - a

c) a

d)

a2

Cau 18:Cho AB . CD = AB. CD th phat bieu nao sau ay la ung: a) AB ngc hng CD b) A, B, C, D thang hang c) AB cung hng CD d) AB = CD Cu19: Cho A(2;3) ; B(9;4) ; C(5;m) Tam gic ABC vung ti C th gi tr ca m l : a) m = 1 hay m = 6 b) m = 0 hay m = 7 c) m = 0 hay m = -7 d) m = 1 hay m = 7 r r r r Cau 20: Cho a =(m2 -2m+2 ; 3m-5), b =(2;1) . Tm gia tr cua m e a b 1 1 a) m = 1 b)m = c)m = 1 hoac m = d) Ca a ; b ; c 2 2
eu ung

r r r r Cau 21: Cho a =(4;3) va b =(1;7). Khi o goc gia 2 vec t ( a , b ) la : a) 300 b) 450 c) 600 d) Ket qua khac Cau 22: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a co G la trong tam: *. Phng tch cua G vi ng tron ng knh BC a) -

a2 6

b)

*. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron ng knh BC

a2 4

c) -

a2 3

d) -

a2 2

a)

a2 2

b)

a2 4

c) a2

d)

3a 2 4

Cau 23: Cho hnh vuong ABCD tam O canh a: *. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron ng knh CD a) a b)a2 c)2a2 d)

*. Phng tch cua A vi ng tron tam C co ban knh = a

a 2

a2 a) 2 B.T luan

a2 b) 4

c) a2

d) 2a2

Bai 1: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( 1; 1) ; B(2;3) ; C(5; -1). a) Chng minh rang tam giac vuong b) Xac nh tam ng tron ngoai tiep c) Tnh dien tch tam giac va dien tch ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac Bai 2: Cho A (-1 ; -1) va B (5; 6) a) Tm M xOx e tam giac ABM can tai M b) Tm N yOy e tam giac ABN vuong tai N c) Xac nh H,K e ABHK la hnh bnh hanh nhan J(1;4) lam tam u u u r u u u r u u u r d) Xac nh C thoa 3 AC - 4 BC = 2 AB e) Tm G sao cho O la trong tam tam giac ABG u r u u r u u r u f) Xac nh I xOx e | IA + IB + IN | at gia tr nho nhat Bai 3: Cho A(-2;1) va B(4;5) a) Tm M xOx e tam giac ABM vuong tai M b) Tm C e OACB la hnh bnh hanh r r 1 Bai 4: Cho a =( ; -5) va b =( k ; -4). Tm k e: 2 r r a) a cung phng b r r b) a vuong goc b r r c) | a | = | b | r r Bai 5: Cho a =(-2; 3) ; b =( 4 ; 1) r r r r r r r r r r a) Tnh cosin goc hp bi a va b ; a va i ; a va j ; a + b va a - b r r r r b) Tm so m va n sao cho m a +n b vuong goc a + b r r r r r c) Tm d biet a . d = 4 va b . d = -2 Bai 6: Cho tam giac ABC vi A ( -4; 1) ; B(2;4) ; C(2; -2). a) Tam giac ABC la tam giac g . Tnh dien tch tam giac

b) Goi G , H , I la trong tam , trc tam va tam ng tron ngoai tiep cua tam giac. u u u r u u r r Tnh G, H , I va CMR GH +2 GI = 0 Bai 7: Cho tam giac ABC co A (-2 ; 2) , B(6 ; 6) , C(2 ; -2) a) Chng minh rang A ; B ; C khong thang hang b) Tm toa o iem D e ABCD la hnh bnh hanh c) Tm iem M truc xOx e tam giac ABM vuong tai B d) Tam giac ABC la tam giac g ? e)Tm toa o trc tam H cua tam giac ABC Bai 8: Cho ABC co AB=7, AC=5, A = 1200 a) Tnh AB. AC , AB. BC b) Tnh o dai trung tuyen AM (M la trung iem BC) Bai 9: Cho 4 iem bat ky A,B,C.D: chng minh rang:
DA BC + DB CA + DC AB=0

T o suy ra mot cach chng minh nh ly 3 ng cao cua mot tam giac ong quy Bai 10: Cho ABC co 3 trung tuyen AD, BE,CF; CMR:
BC AD + CA BE + AB CF

=0

Bai 11 : Cho ABC co AC= b, AB= c, goc BAC = va AD la phan giac cua goc BAC ( D thuoc canh BC) a) Hay bieu th AD qua AB, AC b) Tnh o dai oan AD

5) Cho 2 iem M,N nam tren ng tron ng knh AB= 2 R, AM BN =I a) Chng minh: AM AI = AB AI
BN BI

= BA BI

b) Tnh AM AI + BN BI theo R Bai 11: Cho oan AB co nh, AB= 2a, k IR, Tm tap hp iem M sao cho: a) MA MB = k

b) MA2 - MB2 = k2 Bai 12: T ien M ngoai t (0) ve cac tuyen MAB vi t (0) (A,B (0) ; 2 tiep tuyen tai A,B cua ng tron (0) cat nhau tai I, IO AB tai D; ng thang qua I va vuong goc vi MO tai H va lan lt cat AB tai C; cat ng tron (0) tai E, F Chng minh : a. MA .MB =MC.MD b. OF2 = OH.OM c. IE.I F =IC.IH d. PM/(ICD) + PI/(MCH) = IM2 ( (ICD), (MCH) : ng tron ngoai tiep: : ICD, MCH) Bai 13:. Cho hai ng thang AB va CD cat nhau tai M chng minh rang 4 iem A,B,C,D cung thuoc mot ng tron khi va ch khi
MA .MB =MC.MD

Bai 14:. Trong mat phang toa o cho u = i - 5 j va

1 2

v =k i - 4 j

Tm cac gia tr cua k e : a. uv Bai 15:. Cho

b.
a

u =v

= (-2, 3),

= (4,1)

a. Tim cosin cua goc gia moi cap vect sau : *

a va b , a

va i , a +

va a

b. Tm cac so k va l sao cho c = k a +

+ l b

Vuong goc vi

c. Tm vect d

rr ad . =4 biet r r b.d = 2

Bai 16:. Cho hai iem A (-3,2) B(4,3) tm toa o cua a. iem M ox sao cho MAB vuong tai M b. iem N oy sao cho NA = NB c. iem K oy sao cho3 iem A,K,B thang hang

d. iem C sao cho ABC vuong can tai C Bai 17:. Cho 3 iem A (-1,1) B(3,1), C(2,4) a. Tnh chu vi va dien tch ABC b. Goi A la hnh chieu vuong goc cua A tren BC; tm toa o A c. Tm toa o trc tam H, trong tam G, va tam I ng tron ngoai tiep ABC; t o chng minh 3 iem I,H,G thang hang. Bai 18:. Cho 4 iem A (-8,0) B(0,4), C(2,0) D (-3,-5) chng minh 4 iem A,B,C,D cung thuoc mot ng tron Bai 19:. Biet A(1,-1), B (3,0) la hai nh cua hnh vuong ABCD; tm toa o cac nh C va D. Bai 20: Cho M co nh ngoai dng tron (O,R) ,ve cat tuyen MAB va 2 tiep tuyen CT va CT. Goi D la giao iem cua TT va AB. H va I lan lt la trung iem cua cua TT va AB a) CMR : MA . MB = MO MH = MI MD b) Cho AB = 8 cm. Goi (C1) la ng tron tam A, ban knh = 4 cm, (C2) la ng tron tam B, ban knh = 3cm. Tm tap hp N thoa

N/(C1)

P N/(C ) = 15
2

Bai 21: Cho (O;7), iem I thoa OI =11. Qua I ve 2 cat tuyen IAB va ICD Cho IA = 12, tnh IB Cho CD = 1; tnh IC ; ID Bai 22: iem I nam trong (O;R), qua I ve 2 day AB va CD. Tnh IC ; ID a) IA = 12 ; IB = 16 ; CD = 32 IC 3 = b) IA =12 ; IB = 18 ; ID 8 Bai 23: Cho (O;20) OM = 30, ve tiep tuyen MT va cat tuyen MAB . Cho AB =5 a) Tnh MT ; MA ; MB b) ng tron ngoai tiep AOB cat MO tai E. Tnh OE Bai 24: Cho (O;30); I ngoai ng tron , ve 2 cat tuyen IAB va ICD ; tiep tuyen IT. ng thang IO cat ng tron tai E va F . Cho IA = 54 ; IB = 96; IC = 64. Tnh ID ; IT ; IO ; IE ; IF Bai 25: Cho tam giac ABC co 3 ng cao AA ; BB ; CC ong quy tai H CMR : HA. HA ' = HB . HB ' = HC . HC '

Bai 26:Hai ng tron (O) va (O) cat nhau tai A va B. M la 1 iem tren canh AB keo dai. Qua M lan lt ve 2 tiep tuyen MT, MT, 2 cat tuyen MCD, MCD oi vi (O) va (O) CMR MT = MT va CDDC noi tiep Bai 27: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A va ng cao AH. Tren ng tron tam C, ban knh CA lay iem M ( khong tren ng BC keo dai). CMR ng thang CM tiep xuc vi (BHM) Bai 28: tam giac ABC noi tiep trong (O), M la trung iem BC. ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac AOM cat ng thang BC tai 1 iem th 2 la E va cat (O) tai D. AD cat BC tai F.Chng minh rang: a) FB . FC = FE .FM b) EB . EC = EF . EM c) EA tiep xuc vi (O) va ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac AMF Bai 29: Cho P nam ngoai (O), ve cat tuyen PAB lu ong,tiep tuyen vi (O) ve t A va B cat nhau M. Ve MH vuong goc vi OP. a) CMR : 5 iem O , A , B, M , H tren 1 ng tron b) Tm tap hp M khi PAB quay quanh P c)Goi I la trung iem AB, N la giao iem cua PAB va MH . CMR PA. PB = PI . PN Bai 30: Cho ng tron tam O ng knh AB=2R. Tren ng thang AB 3R lay 1 iem M ngoai (O) sao cho MA = . T M ve tiep tuyen MT 2 a) Tnh MT theo R b) Goi TH la ng cao trong TMO. Chng minh rang : MH .MO = MA.MB c) Tnh H/(O) d)Ve cat tuyen MCD, CMR t giac CDOH noi tiep e) AD va BC cat nhau tai N. CMR : AN . AD + BN .BC = 4R2 Bai 31: Tren oan AB = 8, ve (A,4) va (B,3). Tm tap hp M thoa M/(A) +M/(B) = 15 Cho na ng tron tam O ng knh AB . M, N la 2 iem cung pha tren tiep tuyen ke t B. AM va AN cat (O) tai M1 va N1. a) CMR t giac MNN1M1 noi tiep b) Gia s AB = BN = 10; BM = 5. Tnh AM ; AM1 ; AN1 ; sin M1AN1, M1N1 Bai 32: M la 1 diem tren na ng tron ng knh AB . H la hnh chieu cua M xuong AB . ng tron g knh MH cat MA ; MB tai P,Q va cat na ng tron tai E a) CMR t giac APQB noi tiep b) CMR 3 ng AB ; PQ ; ME ong quy

Bai 33: Cho 3 iem A ; B ; C thang hang theo th t. AB = 5 ; BC = 7. ng tron di ong qua A , B co tam la O. Ve 2 tiep tuyen CT ; CT. Goi D la giao iem TT vi AB. Goi H; I lan lt la trung iem cua oan TT, AB a) Tm tap hp T; T b) CMR : CA.CB = CO.CH = CI .CD c) CMR : iem D co nh. Suy ra tap hp H Bai 34 : Cho ng tron tam O ng knh BC = 4; A ngoai (O), AB = 6 ; AC = 5. AC , AB cat (O) tai D va E a) Tnh AO , AE , AD b) Qua A ve AH BC va cat (O) tai F ; K. Lay M (O). Goi BMAH = I ; CMAH = J Chng minh rang IF . IK = IH . IJ Bai 35: Cho 2 ng tron (O;10) ; (O;20) tiep xuc ngoai tai A. Tiep tuyen chung BB cat OO tai I va cat tiep tuyen chung qua A tai M a) Tnh IO ; IO ; IB ; IB b) CMR: IA2 = IB.IB. Suy ra OO tiep xuc ng tron ng knh BB c) CMR : IM2 = IO.IO. Suy ra BB tiep xuc ng tron ng knh OO

3 :HE THC LNG TRONG TAM GIAC

A. TOM TAT LY THUYET : Cac ky hieu trong ABC o dai : BC = a, CA = b, AB = c
A

ma, mb, mc : o dai trung tuyen ng vi nh A,B,C ha, hb, hc : o dai ng cao ng vi nh A,B,C
a +b +c P= : na chu vi ABC 2
c
ha B ma

S : dien tch tam giac

R,r : ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep, noi tiep .

 nh ly Cosin : a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A nh ly sin :

a b c = = =2R sinA sinB sinc
m2 a = 2b2 +2c2 - a2 4

Cong thc trung tuyen : Cong thc tnh dien tch a. S = b. S = c. S =

1 2 1 2

a.ha =

1 2

b.hb =
1 2

1 2

c.hc
1 2

b.c. sinA =

c.a. sinB =

a.b. sinC

abc 4R

d. S = p.r e. S =
p(p - a)(p- h)(p - c)

( Cong thc He rong)

B . V DU : Cho ABC co a = 7, b = 8, c = 5; tnh : A, S, ha, R, r, ma Giai : a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cosA 49 = 64 + 25 - 2.8.5 cos A

Cos A = A = 600 S = b.c.sinA = 8.5.

3 =10 3 2

S = a.ha ha = S=

2S 20 3 = a 7

abc abc 7 3 R= = 4R 4S 3
S

S = p.r r = p = 3
2 m a =

2b2 +2c2 - a2 129 = ma = 4 4

129 2

C: BAI TAP C 1: TRAC NGHIEM

Cau1 : Cho tam giac ABC co a= 6 cm ; b= 2cm ; c= ( 3 + 1) cm ; *. Khi o so o goc A la a) 600 b) 450 c) 1200 d) 300 *. Khi o so o goc B la a) 600 b) 450 c) 900 d) 300 *. Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R la : a) 2 cm b) 3 cm c) 2 cm d) 3 cm *. Chieu cao ha la : a) (1 + 3) 2 b) (1 + 3) 2 2 c) (1 + 2) 2 d) 3 2

Cau2 : Cho tam giac ABC co b= 4 ; c = 5 ; goc A = 120 0 th dien tch la a) S = 10 3 b) S = 5 3 c) S =5 d)S = 20 3

Cau3 : Cho tam giac ABC co b= 2 ; c = 3 ; a = la : a) 450 b) 600 c) 900 d)1200

19

th gia tr goc A

Cau 4: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 8 ; c= 3 ; goc B = 600. o dai canh b la bao nhieu a) b = 49 b) b= 61 c) b = 7 d)b= 97 Cau 5: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 3 ; b= 7 ; c= 8 ; goc B bang bao nhieu a) 600 b) 300 c) 450 d) 720 Cau 6: Cho tam giac ABC vuong tai A co a= 10 cm ; c= 6cm ; ban knh ng tron noi tiep r la a) 2 cm b) 1 cm c) 2 cm d) 3 cm Cau 7: Cho tam giac ABC co a= 10 cm ; b= 6cm ; c= 8 cm ; ng trung tuyen AM co o dai a) 4 cm b) 5 cm c) 6cm d) 7 cm Cau 8: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD co AB = a ; BC = a 2 va goc BAC = 450 . Dien tch hnh bnh hanh la a) 2a2 b) a2 c) a2

2 2

d) a2

Cau 9: Cho tam giac ABC co b= 8 cm ; c= 5cm va goc A = 600 . *. Canh BC la a) 14cm b) 7cm c) 12cm d) 10cm *. Dien tch tam giac : a) S = 10 2 b) S = 5 2 c) S = 10 3 d) S = 10 *. Ban knh ng tron ngoai tiep R la : a) R= 3 *. Chieu cao ha la : a) ha= d) ha = 20 3 b) ha= 20 3 c) ha = 10 3

7 2 3

b) R =

7 3 3

c)R =

7 2 2

d) R = 7

7
10 3

C2 : T LUAN
Bai 1: Cho tam giac ABC 1) a=5 ; b = 6 ; c = 7. Tnh S, ha, hb , hc . R, r 2) a= 2 3 ; b= 2 2 ; c= 6 - 2 . Tnh 3 goc

3) b=8; c=5; goc A = 600. Tnh S , R , r , ha , ma 4) a=21; b= 17;c =10.Tnh S, R , r , ha , ma 5) A = 600; hc = 3 ; R = 5 . tnh a , b, c

6) A=1200;B =450 ;R =2. tnh 3 canh 7) a = 4 , b = 3 , c = 2. Tnh SABC, suy ra SAIC ( I trung iem AB) 8) Cho goc A nhon, b = 2m 2 ,c = m , S = m2. Tnh a . la 9) C = 3 , b = 4 ; S = 3 3 . Tnh a 10) Neu A = 900. CMR: bc sin A *. la = A (b + c )sin 2 *.r = 1 (b + c b 2 + c 2 ) 2 bc b.cos + c.sin *. 1 1 1 1 = + + r h a hb h c

*. M BC; goc BAM = . CMR: AM = 11) Cho A=1200. CMR : 1 la = 1 1 + b c

12) CMR : *. cotA + cotB + cotC = tanA a 2 + c 2 b 2 = *. tanB b 2 + c 2 a 2 b3 + c3 a 3 = a2 13) b + c a a = 2b.cos C 14) S = p(p c) 15) S = 16) 17) 18)

2 2 2 a +b +c R abc

. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g

1 (a + b c)(a + c - b). Tam giac ABC la tam giac g 4

acosB = bcosA. Tam giac ABC la tam giac g mb2 +mc2 = 5ma2 . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g sin A = 2.cos C . Tam giac ABC la tam giac g sin B 5k 2 2

19) Cho AB = k . Tm tap hp M thoa MA2 + MB2 =

20) Goi G la trong tam tam giac . Chng minh rang *.GA2 + GB2 + GC2 = 1/3 (a2+ b2+ c2) *. ma2 +mb2 +mc2 = 3 2 (a +b2 +c2) 4

*. 4ma2= b2 + c2 + 2bc.cosA 21) CMR S =2R2sinA.sinB.sinC S=Rr(sinA + sinB + sinC) a =b.cosC + c.cosB ha = 2RsinBsinC sinB.cosC +sinC.cosB = sinA 22) Chng minh rang tam giac g ? hb + h c + h a 1 2 2 2 h a hb h c r a + b + c 2p . Neu dau = xay ra th ABC la b c a
2 2 2

23) Cho b + c = 2a . Chng minh rang

2 ha

1 hb

1 hc

24) nh x e x2+x+1 ; 2x+1 ;x2 -1 la 3 canh tam giac. Khi o CMR tam giac co goc = 1200 25) ng tron noi tiep tiep xuc 3 canh tam gac tai A1;B1;C1. CMR : SA1B1C1 = pr 2R
2

26) 2 trung tuyen BM = 6, CN = 9 va hp vi nhau 1 goc 120 0 tnh cac canh cua ABC Bai 2: Cho t giac ABCD. Goi la goc hp bi 2 ng cheo AC va BD. 1 a) CMR SABCD = AC.BD.sin 2 b) Ve hnh bnh hanh ABDC. Chng minh rang : SABCD = SACC Bai 3: Cho t giac ABCD co I, J lan lt la trung iem cua 2 ng cheo AC va BD. Chng minh rang : AB2 + BC2 +CD2 + DA2 = AC2 + BD2 + 4 IJ2

BAI TAP ON CHNG: Trac nghiem : T bai 1 en 16 trang 71 Sach nang cao T luan: T bai 1 en 12 trang 69 Sach nang cao