Tng quan lp trnh mi trng Windows

Lch s Windows
1990 1993 1994 1995 1996
Windows NT Workstatio n Windows NT Windows Server NT Enteprise Server 4.0 Edition

1997

Windows Desktop

Windows 3x

Windows NT

Windows 95

Windows Server

Windows NT Windows Advanced NT Server 3.1 Server 3.5

Windows NT Server 3.51

Windows Cloud
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Lch s Windows
1998 2000 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2012
1. Windows ME 2. Windows Windows 2000 98 Professional

Windows Desktop

Windows XP 1. Windows Server 2003 2. Windows Server Systems

Windows Vista

Windows 7 Windows 8

Windows Server

Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Server Windows 2000 Edition Server Family

Windows Server 2008

Windows Cloud
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Windows Azure

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Mi trng Windows

H iu hnh 32/64 bit Giao din ngi dng kiu ho (GUI) a nhim Qun l b nh

T tng hng i tng

Giao din ha c lp thit b Kin trc hng s kin, da vo thng ip

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Lp trnh mi trng Windows

Giao din ngi dng kiu ho (GUI)

Visual Interface WYSIWYG Cc ng dng Windows c giao din thng nht vi cng dng v:

mt ca s hnh ch nht thanh tiu menu, hp hi thoi, thanh trt

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a nhim

Nhiu chng trnh c th c kch hot v chy cng mt lc Mi chng trnh chim mt phn ti nguyn ca h thng v c mt phn b nh thng tr Windows 32 bits hot ng theo c ch preemtive. Mi chng trnh c th c tch thnh cc thread thc hin cng lc

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Qun l b nh

M chng trnh v d liu c th dch chuyn trong b nh vt l Kh nng s dng b nh ph Cc th vin lin kt ng (.DLL)

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T tng hng i tng

Ca s ng dng chnh v cc ca s con l cc th hin (i tng) ca lp ca s c ng k trc

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Giao din ho c lp thit b

Giao din ho ca Window cho php to cc i tng ho v nh dng vn bn cho c mn hnh v my in Chng trnh vit cho Windows khng iu khin trc tip thit b xut nh mn hnh hay my in m thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh ho gi l Giao Din Thit B Ho (Graphics Device Interface: GDI)

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Kin trc hng thng ip (message driven)

Windows v cc ng dng Windows hot ng theo c ch truyn, nhn thng ip Cc hot ng ca chng trnh thay i tu theo thng ip m n nhn c, Thng ip c gi qua li gia ng dng v Windows, gia cc ng dng vi nhau Ca s ng dng t ng c v li mi khi c s thay i kch thc hay vng b che. iu ny c thc hin nh h iu hnh gi thng ip cho chng trnh
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Cc loi ng dng c bn

Windows Application: ng dng 32 bits, giao din ha Win32 DLL: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic-linked library) Win32 LIB: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt tnh (Static-linked library) Console Application: ng dng 32 bits, vi giao din dng DOS command line

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Windows Application dng ngn ng da C

Nm Ngn ng Cng c

1985

1992

C++ C# hoc C++.Net

Windows application programming interface (API) Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) Library Windows Form (1 phn ca .NET Framework)

2001

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Cc th vin lp trnh

Windows API OWL - Object Windows Library MFC - Microsoft Foundation Classes ATL - Active Template Library WTL - Windows Template Library BCL - .NET Framework Base Class Library

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Windows v DOS
Windows Lp trnh s kin, da vo thng ip (message) Multi-tasking DOS Thc hin tun t theo ch nh Single task

Multi-CPU Tch hp sn Multimedia

H tr 32 bits hay hn na DLL, OLE, DDE, COM, OpenGL, DirectX

Single CPU Phi dng cc th vin Multimedia ring

ng dng 16 bits Khng c

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Giao din ha

Cc dng ng dng giao din ha

SDI - Single Document Interface MDI - Multiple Document Interface Dialog

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SDI - Single Document Interface

Mt ca s lm vic Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable) Khng c cc ca s con V d: Notepad, Paint,

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MDI - Multiple Document Interface

Mt ca s lm vic chnh v nhiu ca s con Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable) Cho php Maximize/Minimize/Close cc ca s con V d: Word, Excel, VC++,

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Dialog

Mt ca s lm vic Thng kch thc c nh Thng c cc button, edit box, list box, V d: Calculator, CD Player,..

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Ca s - Window

L mt vng ch nht trn mn hnh dng hin th kt qu output v nhn cc input t ngi dng Cng vic u tin ca 1 ng dng GUI l to mt ca s lm vic Mi ca s u c 1 ca s cha (parent window), ngoi tr ca s nn Desktop Ti mi thi im, ch c mt ca s nhn input t ngi dng (Active/Focused window)

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Cc thnh phn ca mt ca s

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Cc control thng dng

Tab Control

Edit box Listbox Combobox Check box Static text

Button
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Cc control thng dng

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Lp trnh hng s kin

Qui trnh x l thng ip Cc loi thng ip thng gp Vng lp x l thng ip

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Pht sinh cc s kin v thng ip

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Lp trnh hng s kin

Lung iu khin ca chng trnh c xc nh da vo hnh ng ca ngi dng khi s dng chng trnh

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Th tc ca s

H iu hnh ra lnh cho ng dng nh th tc ca s (Window Procedure) Hm ca s cho bit phn ng ca chng trnh vi cc tc ng bn ngoi nh user input... H iu hnh Windows gi thng ip cho mt chng trnh ng dng bng cch gi hm ca s ca ng dng , vi tham s l thng ip

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Windows Application trn C

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT (") ; HWND MSG hwnd ; msg ;

WNDCLASS
wndclass.style

wndclass ;
= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; = WndProc ;

wndclass.lpfnWndProc ...

Khai bo ca s

wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("), ) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName,...,NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; }

ng k ca s

Vng lp bt thng ip
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}

return msg.wParam ;

Windows Application trn C (Hm x l thng ip)

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; RECT rect ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: ... return 0 ; case WM_PAINT: ... return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: ... return 0 ; .... } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }

Thng ip nhn c X l thng ip

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Mt s thng ip thng gp
Thng ip WM_CHAR WM_COMMAND WM_CREATE WM_DESTROY WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP c gi khi C mt k t c nhp t bn phm Ngi s dng click mt mc trn menu, button Mt ca s c to ra Mt ca s b hu. Phm tri chut c nhn Phm tri chut c th ra

WM_MOUSEMOVE
WM_PAINT WM_QUIT WM_SIZE
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Con tr chut di chuyn trn mn hnh

Ca s cn v li ng dng sp kt thc Ca s c thay i kch thc
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Windows Application trn C# (Chng trnh chnh)

using System; using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace NotepadForms
{ public class Program { [STAThread] static void Main() { Form myForm = new MyForm(); Khai bo ca s

Application.Run(new MyForm());
} }

Khi ng vng lp thng ip

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Windows Application trn C# (X l thng ip)

public class MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form { public MyForm() Gn s kin { this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler (this.MainForm_Paint); }

}
}

private void MainForm_Paint (object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs evt) { } X l s kin

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Ti nguyn - Resource

Ti nguyn (Menu bar, dialog, bitmap, icon, cursor,) ca ng dng c nh ngha bn ngoi v c thm vo trong file thc thi ca ng dng khi bin dch
Cc loi ti nguyn ca ng dng Accelerator table: bng m t phm tt (hot-key) Bitmap: nh bitmap Caret: con tr vn bn Cursor: con tr chut Dialog box: khung hp thoi (Dialogbox Template) Font: font ch
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Ti nguyn - Resource

Cc loi ti nguyn ca ng dng Icon: biu tng Menu: menu String-table entry: bng m t cc chui k t Version information: bng m t thng tin phin bn

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Gii thiu .NET

.NET bao gm mt b y cc cng c gip to v ci t cc ng dng, .NET bao gm:

Sn phm ca .NET

Visual studio.NET IDE Ngn ng lp trnh: C#, VB.NET

Dch v web ca .NET .NET Framework

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.NET Framework

Tng tc gia cc thnh phn trong v ngoi .NET Framework Common Language Runtime Engine c lp ngn ng Th vin lp c s Qun l phin bn Bo mt

Tnh di ng (portable)

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Kin trc .NET Framework

.NET framework bao gm 4 thnh phn ch yu

Common Language Runtime (CLR) Cc lp c s ca .NET Framework Data Management Giao din ngi dng

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.NET Framework
VB C++ C# VJ# Visual Studio.NET

Common Language Specification ASP.NET: Web Services and Web Forms Windows Forms

ADO.NET: Data and XML Base Class Library Common Language Runtime
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CLR

Common Language Runtime l mi trng cho tt c cc ng dng vit trn .NET chy CLR h tr nhiu ngn ng v cung cp cc cng c dng chung cho cc ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau, gip cho vic tng tc qua li gia cc ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau d dng hn

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Cc c im ca CLR

T ng qun l b nh H thng kiu d liu dng chung gia cc ngn ng lp trnh Tnh tng tc gia cc ngn ng c lp vi cu trc phn cng bn di C ch bo mt h thng An ton kiu d liu

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CLR
VB .NET Visual C#

VB .NET Compiler

VC# Compiler

Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)

Common Language Runtime (CLR) Just in Time (JIT) Compilers

Native Code
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Qu trnh bin dch

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CLR Execution Model

Source code
VB C# C++

Compiler

Compiler
Assembly IL Code

Compiler
Assembly IL Code

Unmanaged Component

Managed code

Assembly IL Code

Common Language Runtime

JIT Compiler

Class Loading and Layout Execution support Garbage Collection Security

Native Code

Operating System Services - Windows

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Cc lp c s ca .NET framework

c xy dng theo phng php hng i tng Cung cp cc lp dng x l cc vn thng gp phi khi pht trin ng dng c dng chung cho nhiu ngn ng lp trnh khc nhau c t chc thnh nhng namespace c lu tr trong assembly.

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Cc lp c s ca .NET framework

Namespace dng nhm cc lp v cc interface c mi quan h lun l vi nhau. Cc namespace c th c dng trong bt c ngn ng no tng thch vi .NET. Namespace c s dng hn ch vic dng cng mt tn cho 2 hay nhiu lp c mc ch s dng khc nhau

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Lp trnh mi trng Windows

Cc lp c s ca .NET framework

Assembly l mt n v phn mm c cha y cc thng tin v cc lp hin thc, cc cu trc v cc interface hin thc ng dng Assembly lu tr cc thng tin m t chnh n, thng tin ny gi l meta data

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Cc lp c s ca .NET framework

System System.Net System.Reflection System.IO

System.Security System.Text System.Threading System.Diagnostics

System.Runtime. InteropServices System.Globalization System.Configuration System.Collections

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Cc lp c s ca .NET framework

System System.Collections System.Drawing System.IO System.Data System.Windows.Forms System.Web.UI System.Web.Services ..

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ADO.NET

L cc lp truy cp d liu cho .NET Framework c thit k cho trp cp d liu hiu qu cao H tr XML v disconnected record sets

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Giao din ngi dng

Window form: dng to ng dng cc b c giao din ca s. Web form: dng to ng dng web Console: Dng to ng dng c tng tc bng lnh ging nh giao din Ms Dos

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Common Language Specification

H thng kiu d liu chung (Common Type System CTS) Metadata c t ngn ng chung (Common Language Specification CLS) H thng thi hnh o (Virtual Execution System VLS)

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Common Language Specification

Common Type System: Tch hp cross-language, s dng kiu an ton v thi hnh code hiu nng cao M hnh hng i tng cho nhiu ngn ng Cc lut gip s dng cc i tng nhng ngn ng khc nhau Cc lut gip cc i tng vit bi cc ngn ng khc nhau tng tc vi nhau Cc lut cho phm vi ca cc kiu Cc lut qun l tha k kiu, phng thc o v thi gian sng ca i tng
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u im ca .NET Framework

Dng chung cho nhiu ngn ng lp trnh To ng dng c lp vi mi trng phn cng bn di Cho php vit ng dng bng nhiu ngn ng tng thch vi .NET T ng qun l ti nguyn D dng trin khai ng dng

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Visual studio.NET IDE

Visual Studio .NET Integrated Development Environment (IDE) cung cp mt giao din dng chung pht trin nhiu loi d n khc nhau. Cung cp mi trng thit k, vit code, kim tra v sa li khi pht trin ng dng Cc thnh phn ca Visual Studio .NET IDE

D n v gii php Giao din ca cc thnh phn

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Khung son tho Qun l solution

Qun l tin trnh

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Xut kt qu
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Lch s Visual Studio

1997

Visual Studio 97 Visual Studio 6.0 Visual Studio .NET Visual Studio 2005 Visual Studio 2008 Visual Studio 2010 | .NET 1.0

1998

2002

2003

Visual Studio .NET 2003 | .NET 1.1

| .NET 2.0 | .NET 3.0 | .NET 3.5 | .NET 4.0

.NET Framework

2005

2006

2008

2010

2012

Visual Studio 2012 |.NET 4.5

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D n v gii php

Trong visual studio .NET ng dng c to thnh t nhiu phn t v d nh file, th mc t chc cc phn t trn .NET cung cp d n v gii php D n (project): cho php xy dng, dch v sa li cc thnh phn to nn ng dng. D n c dch ra thnh file exe hoc dll Gii php (Solution): Bao gm mt hay nhiu project

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D n v project
Solution Project 1

Project 1 Items

Project 2

Project 2 Items

Miscellaneous Files

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Q/A

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