H thng cha chySprinkler

CC H THNG ELV

Cha chy Sprinkler l mt h thng kt ni cc ng ng i ngm di t v cc ng i pha bn trn theo tiu chun k thut ca cha chy. C th lp t mt hay nhiu ngun cung cp nc t ng. H thng ng i pha trn l mt mng ng ng thit k theo kiu nh dng kch c ng hay p lc nc c lp t st trn v cao hn u ngi. H thng c ng dng lp t cho cc ta nh cao tng, cng trnh hay mt khu vc, nhng u phun Sprinkler lp trn mng ng ng ny s b tr u khp khu vc cn bo v khi phun s bao ph c tan b din tch. Mi tng ca ta nh hay mi khu vc ring bit ca h thng s gn mt thit b bo ng khi khu vc hat ng. TNG QUAN H thng cha chy Sprinkler l h thng cha chy phun nc t ng kh nng kim sat v dp tt m chy khi mi hnh thnh. H thng bao gm u phun nc Sprinkler, mt hay nhiu ngun cung cp nc cha chy c p lc, van iu khin dng chy, h thng ng ng phn phi nc n cc u phun v cc ph kin khc nh chung bo ng, thit b kim tra gim st Cha chy Sprinkler l mt h thng kt ni cc ng ng i ngm di t v cc ng i pha bn trn theo tiu chun k thut ca cha chy. C th lp t mt hay nhiu ngun cung cp nc t ng. H thng ng i pha trn l mt mng ng ng thit k theo kiu nh dng kch c ng hay p lc nc c lp t st trn v cao hn u ngi. H thng c ng dng lp t cho cc ta nh cao tng, cng trnh hay mt khu vc, nhng u phun Sprinkler lp trn mng ng ng ny s b tr u khp khu vc cn bo v khi phun s bao ph c tan b din tch. Mi tng ca ta nh hay mi khu vc ring bit ca h thng s gn mt thit b bo ng khi khu vc hat ng. TNG QUAN H thng cha chy Sprinkler l h thng cha chy phun nc t ng kh nng kim sat v dp tt m chy khi mi hnh thnh. H thng bao gm u phun nc Sprinkler, mt hay nhiu ngun cung cp nc cha chy c p lc, van iu khin dng chy, h thng ng ng phn phi nc n cc u phun v cc ph kin khc nh chung bo ng, thit b kim tra gim st U PHUN SPRINKLER u phun Sprinkler l lai u phun nc ta u ln trn khu vc chy, mi lai u phun khc nhau c thit k lm vic mi ngng hat ng ring v kiu u phun theo lai cu trc ca thn u phun. C rt nhiu lai u phun, nhng phn ln vn da trn cc thnh phn sau: Thn : to nn cu trc cho u phun, chu ng c p lc nc trong ng ng phun ra. Thn s gi b cm ng nhit v nt chn lm kn nc, nng tm l dn hng phun nc. c ch to bng ng thau hot thp m crm chng g. Chn ng kiu thn u phun ph thuc vo din tch khu vc cn cha chy. B cm ng nhit : l thnh phn kim sat nhit phun nc. nhit bnh thng, b cm ng s chn gi nt chn li lm kn nc, khi nhit cao t n ngng hat ng b cm ng s gii phng lm ri nt chn ra. Thng thng b cm ng nhit s dng l bu thy tinh c cha thy ngn. Nt chn : dng chn v lm kn khng cho nc r r ra ngai, c b cm ng nhit chn li khng cho nc phun ra. Khi b cm ng hat ng ( b v hay t ) nt chn s ri ra v nc trong ng ng s phun ra ngoi. Tm dn hng : c lp trn thanh u phun i din vi nt chn ni m nc s phun ra ngai. Nhim v ca tm dn hng l chia u dng nc phun v ta rng ra trn b mt din tch cha

chy. Tm dn hng s quyt nh kiu lp ca u phun bi hng v gc phun. Cc kiu lp thng thng ca u phun l quay ln, quay xung v quay ngang. Vic lp t u phun Sprinkler phi theo ng thit k, vic la chn kiu u phun phi da theo kin trc ca ta nh. Mi u phun Sprinkler s hat ng ring l khi t n nhit kch hat c thit k sn. Phn ln cc u phun Sprinkler phun khang 80-100 lt/pht, iu ny cn ph thuc vo thit kt ca h thng. Mt s lai Sprinkler c bit c thit k cho php phun ln n 400 lt/pht CC TRNG THI HAT NG CA U SPRINKLER Nc c duy tr sn trong ng ng, cc u phun Sprinkler khi phun s hng tia nc bao ph ln khu vc cn bo v. Nc phun ra s lm gim nhit ca m chy v ngn chn m chy lan truyn ra khu vc k cn. Phn ln cc h thng phun nc Sprinkler cng km theo cc thit b bo ng chy cnh bo khi xy ra s c chy. Khi la mi bt u xut hin, nhit ta ra vn cn thp v nhit xung quanh u phun Sprinkler vn cha t n ngng hat ca b cm ng nhit. Tuy nhin khi m chy bng pht ln hn, nhit lan ta v t n ngng hat ng ca b cm ng nhit th n s b ra v gii phng nt chn. Khi m chy bng pht ln s lm nhit tng cao, b cm ng nhit s hat ng sau 30 giy n 4 pht v s lm nt chn that ra nc t trong ng ng phun ra ngai. Trong phn ln cc trng hp cha chy cn phi i hi c t nht l 2 u phun Sprinkler cha chy. i vi trng hp m chy bng pht v lan ra nhanh chng th cn phi c hn 12 u phun kim sat. Sau khi nt chn ri khi v tr chn s lm nc trong ng ng that ra ngai. Dng nc cha chy phun ra hng n tm dn hng, tm dn hng s chia u dng nc phun v ta rng ra trn b mt din tch cha chy. CC LOI H THNG SPRINKLER 1. H thng t (Wet Pipe System) H thng Sprinkler t (Wet Pipe Systems) l h thng m ng ng lun c cha sn nc v c kt ni vi ngun nc cung cp, nh nc s phun ra ngay lp tc khi u phun Sprinkler c kch hat bi nhit ca m chy. Do cc thit b ca h thng n gin v d dng s dng nn h thng Sprinkler t c ng dng rng ri hn so vi cc h thng khc.

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2. H thng kh (Dry Pipe System) H thng Sprinkler kh trong ng ng s khng c nc m thay bng khng kh hay Nitrogen nn. Khi u phun Sprinkler hat ng bi nhit ca m chy, kh s that ra qua u phun lm gim p lc m van h thng kh cho php nc chy vo h thng ng ng i n u phun m. H thng kh c s dng cho nhng khu vc m h thng t khng p ng c nh nhng ni nhit c th gy ra ng bng nc. So vi h thng t i hi phc tp hn v thit k, lp t, bo dng cng nh h thng duy tr kh nn.

3. H thng x trn (Deluge system) H thng x trn c s dng nhng ni i hi cn mt lng nc ln phun ra nhanh chng kim sat c m chy trn mt phm vi rng, khng cho m chy lan truyn i. Van x trn c th kch hat ng bng h thng in, kh nn hay p lc nc. B tr sp xp ng ng ca h thng x trn cng ging nh hai h thng ng ng t v kh nhng c hai im khc bit ln :

 S dng cc u phun Sprinkler theo tiu chun, nhng cc u phun ny khng c nt chn v lun m do yu t kch hat cm ng nhit ca u phun bi nhit ca m chy lai b, v vy khi van x trn m ra, nc chy vo h thng ng ng v i n tt c cc u phun m, phun nc ra cng mt lc. Van x trn lun lun ng v ch m khi c kch hat do h thng bo chy lp ring r c lp trong cng khu vc vi h thng u phun Sprinkler m. 4. H thng kch hat trc (Pre-Action Sprinkler system) H thng kch hat trc cng ging nh h thng Sprinkler x trn ngai tr l s dng u phun Sprinkler kn. H thng ny thch hp cho nhng ni cha cc thit b vt phm c gi tr hay nhng nh kho m khng gian lm nh hng n tnh hat ng hiu qu ca u phun nh d va p gy h hng u phun. Van ca h thng kch hat trc lun lun ng v ch m khi c kch hat do h thng bo chy lp ring r c lp. H thng bo chy s kch hat m van kch hat trc, cho nc i vo h thng ng ng. Nc vn cha phun ra t u phun cho n khi nhit kch hat cho u phun m ra v phun nc ra ngai. Hat ng ca lc ny ca van kch hat trc ging nh kiu lai h thng Sprinkler t. 5. H Thng Kt Hp Hng Thy (Deluge System) H thng sprinkler dng cc u sprinklers m sn c gn vo mt ngun nc, qua mt van m van s c m do s kch hot ca mt h thng bo chy c lp t ti cng nhng v tr c t u sprinkler. Khi van ny m, nc s chy vo h thng ng ng, v ri phun nc ra qua tt c cc sprinklers lp t. 6. H Thng Kt Hp Hng Thy-Kch Hot Trc (Combined Dry Pipe-Preaction System ) H thng sprinkler c cc u sprinklers t ng c gn vo h thng ng ng c cha khng kh, c p lc, v c mt h thng d chy b sung c lp t ti cng nhng v tr c t u sprinkler. Khi h thng d chy kch hot, n s kch cc thit b nh v ri thit bi nh ny s m cc (dry pipe valves) cng lc m khng mt p lc khng kh trong h thng. Vic kch hot h thng bo chy cng lm m cc van x kh t im cui ca (feed main). Cc van x kh, thng thng, s c m trc khi cc u sprinkler m. H thng d chy ng thi cng hot ng nh mt h thng bo ng...." (NFPA 13) Cng ty TNHH Thit b an ton AT s tha mn mi yu cu thit k ph hp vi tng mi trng cha chy c th, chn la thit b thch hp, lp t v bo qun ng qui trnh k thut, bo m chc chn cho h thng lun lun t th sn sng hot ng hu hiu. Chng ti nhiu nm nghin cu, chn lc nhng sn phm ca cc nh my sn xut uy tn, ph hp vi tiu chun ca Vit Nam v quc t

H thng cha chy kh CO2

CC H THNG ELV

Bt ngun t vic bo v hng ha trn cc chuyn tu xuyn i dng, h thng kh cha chy cacbondioxit (CO2 ) c mt lch s pht trin trn 60 nm gn lin vi tn tui ca nh sn xut Kidde Fire Protection. Cho n ngy nay, tri qua hng ngn cc d n nh my pht in, khu cng nghip, nh my lc du, tu bin v rt nhiu cc lnh vc khc, h thng kh cha chy cacbondioxit (CO2 ) c Kidde pht trin thnh mt h thng bo v rt hiu qu, nhanh chng, v rt an ton. C TNH CA CACBON DI-OXIT Cacbon di-oxit (CO2 ) iu kin thng thng l mt loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi v khng dn in, c khi lng phn t gp 1.5 ln so vi khng kh. CO2 dp tt la bng cch gim nng oxy trong khng kh xung thp hn nng oxy cn thit duy tr s chy (di 15%). Hn na, lnh ca CO2 lm tng thm hiu qu dp tt chy, v

c s dng trong cha chy cc b, ni CO2 c phun trc tip ln ngn la v vt liu chy CO2 DP TT CHY NHANH CHNG V HIU QU CO2 c lu tr di dng kh ha lng. Khi kch hot h thng, dng CO2 s thot qua h thng ng ng ti u phun. CO2 c im si thp do n d dng ha hi trong qu trnh phun. S lan ta nhanh trong khu vc bo v ca CO2 gip cho n d dng ti c nhng m chy trong khu vc kh tip cn. H thng CO2 ca Kidde s dng van x c ng knh ln, gip cho dng lu lng kh thot ra ln. Tnh phn ng nhanh ca h thng v van gip cho vic x kh c thc hin ch trong vi giy, to nn s khc bit sau chy so vi cc h thng cha chy khc. CO2 SCH CO2 l mt loi kh tr, khng mu, khng mi, kh v l mt trong nhng cht quen thuc nht trong cc loi cht ha hc. Sau khi dp tt chy, CO2 s thot ra ngoi m khng li bt c h hi no. Khng c h hi, CO2 khng tn chi ph dn dp sau chy. N cng khng gy h hng cho thc phm. CO2 khng dn in nn c s dng dp tt cc m chy c thit b in v cc vt liu lin quan. CO2 C CHI PH THP CO2 l mt thng phm tiu chun vi rt nhiu ng dng v c khp ni trn th gii. Do n rt r v sn sng cho vic np li kh sau khi s dng, nht l trong cc ng dng phun kh cc b. H THNG CO2 LINH HOT H thng CO2 ca Kidde thch hp cho cc h thng cha chy chuyn nghip v thch hp ngay c cho cc khch hng ring. Cc thit b tng thch vi h thng phun x trn v phun cc b. H thng c th kch hot bng tay hoc t ng, thch hp cho bo v mt hoc nhiu vng, v c c thit b cho h thng d phng. u iu khin c th c kch hot bng tay, kh, in hoc bng s kt hp cc loi. Cc thit b b tr gip cung cp tn hiu tin bo ng v lm chm thi gian kch hot, cng nh cc bin php khc ngn nga s phun kh t ng trong khu vc ang c ngi. NG DNG IN HNH H thng CO2 ng dng cha chy l tng cho cc khu vc nh sau: Nh my in, khu vc my hn Bn nhng kim loi, ng thot hi Phng sn L nng Phng my tnh, sn gi Bp cng nghip Khu vc my bin th Khu vc my pht in

H thng cha chy FM200

CC H THNG ELV

(MiniPackage)

H thng cha chy FM200 (miniPackage) c thit k bo v mt khng gian hp (di 1500 m3). Trc y, Halon - cng thc ha hc CF3Br - c nh gi l mt cht cha chy hiu qu nht nhiu lnh vc ng dng. Tuy nhin, trong thi gian gn y cc kt qu nghin cu chng minh rng Halon l tc nhn chnh gy ph hy tng ozone, do Halon b cm s dng trn th gii. c c mt cht cha chy sch, hiu qu v an ton thay th Halon, Cng ty Ha cht Great Lakes (M) nghin cu v cho ra i sn phm FM-200 dng trong cc ng dng cha chy hin nay. FM-200 (Heptafluoropropane, cng thc ha hc C3F7H) l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng dn in, ch cha cacbon, hydro v flo. Do khng cha clo v brom, FM-200 khng ph hy tng ozone v c dng thay th cho Halon trong cc ng dng cha chy nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. FM-200 dp chy theo phng thc vt l. Khi tip xc vi m chy, cc phn t FM-200 nhanh chng hp thu nhit lng ca m chy. Nhit m chy gim mnh v m chy nhanh chng c dp tt. Ngoi tnh cht khng ph hy tng ozone, FM-200 cn c chng nhn l mt cht kh sch, khng gy nhim mi trng. c bit, FM-200 khng tc ng n sc khe ca con ngi, nht l i vi nhng ngi mc cc chng bnh v h hp. FM-200 c th c s dng cho cc ng dng cha chy nhng khu vc c ngi lm vic. FM-200 khng gy h hng cho cc thit b in t nhy cm do tnh cht khng dn in. FM-200 khng to ra phn ng ha hc vi cc loi vt liu thng thng, s khng ph hy cc trang thit b trong khu vc cha chy bng FM-200. Do c kh nng c nn vi khi lng ln trong bnh cha di p sut cao, h thng FM-200 gip tit kim khng gian v c chi ph u t thit b, bnh cha cho h thng so vi s dng Cacbon dioxide v Inertgas (cc loi kh tr). Nh tt cc tnh cht trn, FM-200 tr thnh cht cha chy an ton v hiu qu nht hin nay trn th gii. NHANH V HIU QU FM-200 hp th mnh nhit lng ca m chy, cch ly m chy vi mt trong ba tc nhn gy chy l nhit, lm cho m chy c dp tt trong thi gian ngn nht. Lng FM-200 cn dp chy trong cc ng dng cha chy ch bng 6,25% n 9% th tch mi trng. c tnh ny cho thy FM-200 cha chy hiu qu hn cc h thng Carbondioxide v Inertgas. FM-200 c th c s dng dp tt hu ht cc m chy loi A, B v cc m chy ln quan n thit b in.

TIT KIM Nh hiu qu cha chy cao, ch cn s dng mt lng rt nh FM-200 dp cc m chy so vi Carbondioxide ( 3 ln ) v Inertgas (10 ln ). ng thi do kh nng c th c nn vi p sut cao, h thng FM-200 s dng rt t bnh cha so vi cc h thng Cacbondioxyt v Inertgas.Ngoi ra, khii s dng kh FM-200 khng cn chi ph cho vic x l sau chy. Do tit kim c chi ph u t cho thit b v khng gian cho h thng AN TON FM-200 c chng nhn khng c c tnh, khng gy hi cho con ngi. Trong qu trnh cha chy, FM-200 khng phn ng vi oxy v khng chim ch ca oxy, do oxy vn tn ti v con ngi vn c th bn trong khu vc cha chy m khng nguy him n tnh mng.FM-200 khng ph hy tng ozone do khng cha Brom v Clo. FM-200 khng gy h hng cho thit b in t nhy cm do tnh cht khng dn in. FM-200 cng khng gy h hng cho cc trang thit b khc. NG DNG H thng FM-200 ng dng cha chy l tng cho cc khu vc c trang thit b v ti sn gi tr cao bao gm: Phng my tnh, cc thit b in, in t, vin thng, thit b lu tr Kho hng ha gi tr cao, kho ngn qu Phng trng by ngh thut, vin bo tng Phng th nghim, phng thit b y khoa