2 + 2 = 1 ,

= 1

( x) = ( x) , (2 + x) = x , ( x ) = x , x = x
2

( x) = x , (2 + x) = x , ( x) = x , x = x
2

( x) = x ,

(2 + x ) = x ,

( x) = x ,

(2 + x) = x ,

x = 2 +
,
x = 2 +
x = x = + ,
,
( ) = ,

( ) =
,
1

2 = 2 ,

( x) = x ,

x = x
2

x = x
2

x = { x = 2 ,

x = x = + ,
( ) =
1
( ) =

x =

( x ) = x ,

2 2

2 = 2 2 1 ,

2
1 2

2 =

2
,
1 2

2 1
1 2
1 + 2
1 2
, 2 =
2 =
, 2 =
, 2 =
2
2
2
1 + 2

=
=
,
2 = 2 + 2 2
:

(x):(x) . (x) (x) ( x) 0

(x) (x) (x)< (x)
(x)=0 : (x)=(x)(x)+(x)

P(x) : (x-) =P()

P(x) x- = ( ) = 0

: x + 1 x 1 + + 1 x + 0 = 0
, 1 , , 1 , 0 0 , 0

+1 = + ,
(1 + )

2
, , , :

+1 = , 0 ,
S =

S = 1

1
, 1 ,
1

= 1 + ( 1)
[21 + ( 1) ]
S =

2 = +

= 1 1 , 1 0
S = 1 , =1

, , , :

2 =

-
f ( x) = , x , 0 < 1
( )
1
f ( x) = log x , x > 0 , 0 < 1 ( )

x = y x = log y

( )

log = 1 ,
log 1 = 0 ,
log x = x ,
log x = x
log10 x = log x ( ) , log e x = ln x ( )
log10 = 1 ,
log1 = 0 ,
ln e = 1 ,
ln1 = 0

log 1 = log 1 log 2 , 1 , 2 > 0
2

log a (1 2 ) = log 1 + log 2 ,

log = log

x1

x2

log x
log

, ( ),

log x =

, > 0 , .

= x1 = x2

> 1 x1 < x2

: x1 < x2

log x =

log x1 = log x2 x1 = x2
log x1 < log x2 }

0 < < 1 x1 < x2 : x1 > x2 log x1 > log a x2 }

log x ln x
=
log ln