N.

L OBACHEVSKY

drizosdim@yahoo.gr

(~325 .) 5 .
, 5 .29 , ,

.
5
, .
5 :
, ,
.
.
, 5 : (5
.), G. Saccheri (1667-1733), J.H. Lambert (1728-1777), Legendre

(1752-1823), Gauss (1777-1855), N. Lobachevsky (1793-1856), J. Bolyai

(1802-1860).
:
5 , ,
. , 5 ,
.
, ,
. , 5
. Saccheri, ,
, 5 .
Lambert
Saccheri, Gauss 18 , . ,
. N. Lobachevsky J. Bolyai, 5 ,

, . , 1829 N. Lobachevsky,
,
.
. Lobachevsky 1826 . , 1832, J. Bolyai (, ,

 F. Bolyai). , .
Lobachevsky. . Lobachevsky
, , . . , 5 , :
.
. Lobachevsky
37 . 1-15
.

5 .
. Lobachevsky
, , . ,

. Lobachevsky.


.

. Lobachevsky: .
R. Bonola: Non
Euclidean Geometry A Critical and Historical study of its Develoment
Dover.

 16 1
.
. Lobachevsky.

(p)

BC.
D C
, D . EAD
, DC, AF, , DC.

DC, , G,
DC, . .
H: o AF
A. 1

, R.
Bonola, ,
.

 , , : DC DAH

DC.
HAE
, EAD
.
BC DC.

HAD
DC (p), p = AD.
1
(p)
2
1
(p) < , D 2
= (p).
, DAK
:
C, DC
DB.

BC:
, H BC.
= 2(p), HAK
BC,
H , BC, BC.
K
K
H

BC.

AF, DC

 . Lobachevsky
.
1
, 2
BC.

(p) =

19
,
.
B

E
D

BC +
BC . AD (D:
BC) DE = AD, .
ADB CDE :
DCE
BAD
DEC
.
BD
:
1. ACE + ,
ABC. , ACE :

 ACE
EC
EAC
ACB
BCE
BAE

EAC
BAE
CB
BC

EAC
= + ( + : ABC).
ABC
2. BAC
, , :
AEC,
EC
BAD
, ( ).
EAC
ACE,
ABC, .
,
+
1
() .
2
,
.

.
22

.
B

 , F CD CF > CE B, CD AC. a b, .
ACE AEF ,
.
ACF .
ACF
AFC

ACF : = CAF

a b
2
2
a b

F C,
CF +.
b 0. a.
F
CF .
+ = a b, , = 0 = 0
22.
,
.

1
(p) = p, 2
1
(p) < . ( (p) p
2
16).


() ,
. , , N. Lobachevsky ,
( ).
23
B

= ,
BAC
F AC (p)

FG,
AC F,
.

, 1.
AC AC =
AC CD, 1,
.
CD
: a,
2a
2a. , ,
, 0 .

 .
16,
FG, AC
, .
FG
AB N. Lobachevsky AF = p.
FG F
, FH.
AC.
Pasch FH
,
. FG , 16, , AF = p.
23
=
BAC
AC F (F: ),
(p) , FG, (p)=.
B

G
F
A AC,
AF = p

p

(p)
.
F
C

p
F
(p)< , 2.
2

 F AC A, AF = p, .

F
(p) > , 3.

p
(p)

p
3

,
F (p) = .

[1] R. Bonola, NonEuclidean Geometry A Critical and Historical study

of its Develoment, Dover.
[2] . , :

1750.
[3] , 3, 1976.