2010 dj / fj - `g1431 LQ - SOdG OdG - dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f

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6/23/10 12:10:41 PM

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6/23/10 12:10:43 PM

Tadreeb #6.indb 1

6/23/10 12:34:41 PM

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CG VG dG S jQdG G AfG H YSGh ,dG
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e L f gh ,fc dG f Ie HG jQc ``dhO M
eG hdG e jdG e G YdG Y dH Ie ,S UdG
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jQd HdG G hd hdG e ah e H b Im QjR Nh
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dG ObG dG YS e jCGQ gP ,dG jQdGh jdG
QdG e jdG j dG Gfg cT e JQjR H UNh ;Od
AGN W S Y IQY fc dGh ,G cdG bG dG
f d .VG dG S G ObdG FGQ h GG U J
c dGh IQjdG g efH (SIVAT) Gh dG jQd S e d
dG QdGh aKh jQc IQM M GVG e jdG Y j
e OdH dhDG H e GAdG e jdG dch ,a ObGh
gGh eG d fGG GQjdGh ,UGh eG YdG
dGh dG Gd Gfg e e IdG fGh ,Gh dG
.jd SH eh
S G``M J dGh Inchon je (SIVAT) e e ``ch
dG H .IQjdG efH jGH fc eh ,S UdG Z Gkec
SDe Y Nh jdG OQGG J OdG JGSG gCG Y
Wd (KUT) Ldd jQc eL EG fG Gh dG jQdG
dch ,a dG jQdG dSCGh SdGh dG bCG gCG Y

Tadreeb #6.indb 2

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dG jQdG FQ
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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Tadreeb #6.indb 3

jG GQdGh JG : e eG G dG Y
gCG IQjd OdG L EG dP H fG K ,G bdG dGh
jeh ,Pohang je dN fQRh ,jQc fGGh cdGh fG
bGdG FOdG G Bussan je Gk NCGh ,Ulsan jeh ,Gyeongju
e OdG edG bGG e jdG fQR ah .HdG H V Y
e b f N UCG dGh ,dGh dG Yd Gfg cT
aCH LfEG jQdG bGh L dGh dG YU cdG cCG
cT dch ,dG AH HQG YCG e IOSG N e d IQU
Je ZCG QJ dGh G jjG Yd (POSCO) SH
HG jeCGh ShCG dG hOh dG a dG hO L EG
.HhQhCG hdG Hh
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M ,dG G jdG QdG Gg Ie k a fCG aY ,jdG
dG H UCGh VG dG S Gv`L Ia jQc fc
hO ZCG e MG OQGd eCG SGh dG dGh QGUEGh
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k gcCGh dG
dG dH gG g HG jQc dhd dG SSCG CH d GhcCG
jQdH dhdG gG jGH fch .i``NCG OQGd dhdG QaG H
dP jQd ef
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M dG MdG cDj Ggh ,1982 Y dG jQdG CGHh ,bdG
dG WdG QOGdG Y gOYGh ,jdG idG J dG
GQhdGh GQjdG e S V IQjdG g JCJh .Od jObG
e IOSd Gh dG jQd edG SDG YJ dG LQG
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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H j ZdH fdG j jQhV YLG IgX bdG

,k ah k jJ bd IOh VGh Ia Z EG Lj dG VdG e fGL
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dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f

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dG e jMh jZCG M G dG e jZCG J j

NGO dG LddG dG MCH J jZCG H jh .OdGh
L Y Ad ac ee jv QGM ee K ,dG Se GY
dG : e AGdG HZG dG Y eEG QH aG e ,HhG
fG g G jZCG Oa ge gCGh .FGdG fG dch GdGh dGh
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Tadreeb #6.indb 4

G ``g IQG OG``G

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6/23/10 12:34:43 PM

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(06) 3250071 - 3250091 : Jg

150: ca - 106 : j
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51411 IjH - 130 . .U - dG

(06) 3834557 : ca (06) 3834556 : Jg
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Tadreeb #6.indb 5

e G jdG dG cDj Gg ..RdG jjh GHEG CGj G dG e

..SGdG G Y L IU Yhe jGHh IG YCG cH dG
Y Gj CG GhQa ,UG hCG eG XdG Ghj d P g
JBe UCG CG EG iOCG ;YCG LQ cH Gjh KCG Ua
k G oJ Ic Yh jfCG IdG
gSCGh Y Fd JOaEG Y a
..v HOCGh jv Oe

2 .................................................................... MaG
6 .....................................................................He
8 ..............................................................jQdG QNCG
13 ......................................................(QdG dN) e
14 ........................................................................G
21 ............................................... (dG MdGY) e
22 ............................................................... dG jL
31 ...................................................... (cdG cJ) e
32 ....................................................................GQHG
34 ........................................................... e T
38 ...............................................................AGdGh dG
43 ...............................................................jQdG MGh
44 .................................................................dG J
46 ..................................................................dG S
50 ..................................................... (dG ) e
52 ................................................................... cQe
58 ...................................................................... SGQO
62 .............................................................. OCGh IQGOEG
64 .................................................................... INCG

6/23/10 12:34:46 PM

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QWEG JCj ``dG VG Y Gk c M

VCG ``eCG
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Tadreeb #6.indb 6

d dG dG f "Yh QgR" QT
dGh `g1431 dGh AGdG Ve Gk NDe IjH AGdGh
YGQdG dGh QgdG GfCG e Ic Y VY dN
eG cQG G e jdG a QTh ,dG Yh
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eCG G dG MU e c jYH G M
QHh ,dG e eCG jdG Y H QH H a
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QcdG Gh dG jQd edG SDG a eh
QcdG jQdG hDd aG Ffh ,dG Uf H Y
dGh G jQdG FQh ,dG Y H M
dG c Yh ,fdG M H O``Y QcdG dH
e O``Y EG aVEG ,dG MCG SG IjH AG```dGh
.H eG FGhdG jeh SDG hDe
G eCG G dG MU YEG VG f bh
gCG EG ka ,VG gT IdG JOS iHCG dG
.Gh WGG eCG Jda aH VQG g e MJEG
dGh d G kjL k e S VG Gg CH cCGh
VG Gg Y b e d dGh dG b c .G
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Uh dG Gh dG jQd edG SDG QhO Y k e
FGQ H J fCh "OdG g SDeh c" fCH
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dG jQd edG SDG a OTCG fL eh
dG Gh VH dG Uf H Y QcdG Gh
G dG MU IQ``jR CG EG ka ,Y FdG eb
Ff G dG MU Ff QMh dG e eCG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:47 PM

Tadreeb #6.indb 7

H AGS YdG L SDG JCGH ``dG dG g

dG G d eGH J hCG ec gG
dG jQdG FQ ``cCG a .```YCG H Gh
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NCGh ,YLG SG e c LGdGh QG Y
dhDeh dSd GQk SG VG Gg c IQOG eR
OGaCG EG GN e SDH aj e f N e YLG
j a IjY FGa d j VG CG EG k a ,G
jQdG G Y G IQdG j c ,dGh QgdH
.dGh AGd dG dG AedG jODj dG YdG
CG EG QTCG a dG MCG SG dG Y eCG
Gh dG jQd edG SDG Ye LJ QgRCG
jQdG G hQ AVEG bOdG ZQh ,G f
FXh L Wjh G LM j J gCH G
OY bJ VG eg Yh .G jdG G
cT e JG bJ M ;UG dG e bJG e
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jQd YGQdG d dG cT e JG EG aVEG
.dG HJh J
QTh ,e 4100 gQb dLEG Me Y VG bCG
k 45 e cCG a
dCG 35 e cCG SGh ,VQY
Ic IOS SQ eSG T dCG 25 e QgR T
adG fCG e OY MU c ,VG MS Sh
dG G GVG e OY bCG M ;adGh
gSC MG WCd MS J c ,AGdGh
fc dG FGdG dCG e OYh d e Y MG
.WCG fL e c bEG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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S jYQ CG EG fdG M H OY
Ff S QMh ,MG Gd eCG
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G ``` ` ` dG ``M````U `` Y`` j

jdG Y H QH H a ``eCG
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d dG jQdG GMdG
j dGh ,`g1431/1430 jQdG
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EG J dG dG jfCG CG fdG .O ``cCGh
cG Y dPh ;ZGa bhCG e dG IOSG J
Gk e ,IFdH Yh Y OJ eh J GQe
aGh G ac jfCG QfG Y G UM EG
.dG e Qb cCG eN H ;H

Tadreeb #6.indb 8

J Gh dG jQd edG SDG YG

dG jQdG GMh eh J U eGH 6
U ``jG``g ``j``fCG 4 ``N ``e ``dPh ,dH Gh
AG`` G ``V``jQh ``f``Gh IYh I``j``H e J
EG aVEG ,`` ` g1431/8/24 M ` ``g1431/7/21 e IdG
IdG G``` ` j I`` j`` Hh ``S``dG ``` f``` ` eQ ``jO``f
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dH Gh dG jQdG FQ dP YCG
k - G CG EG QTCG dG fdG M H OY QcdG

J U eGH J S H OYG - JGMh e OH

eCG eGH %30 Y S dG Gg jfCG CG Ve
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k

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:49 PM

G ``e jdGh I``Y``dG J G J ``bh

Gh dG jQdG eh ,d YGdGh cQG
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ch GTEG G HQeh HQe e Ya cQh
.G QW HQG e G

Tadreeb #6.indb 9

Gk NDe IjH YdG G H dG ce bCG

jQdG FQ QH ,ddG dG dG LG
,fdG M ``H O``Y Q```c``dG dH Gh dG
e OYh H jQdG GMdG jeh ,dG AGYh
dH Gh dG jQdG FQ YCGh .dG
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je EG dG ee
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dG Uf H Y QcdG aG e Heh YO X
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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jQdG QNCG

EG : LGdG H MdG Y SG dG L
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jQJ GQhO ``e``bEG Y H jdG cdG H
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IhdGh LGhd hdG VGh 1431 hCG YGQdG dG
YdG jQdG adG f ``dG IdGh fGG
YGQdG hDd edG IQGOEG e hdH dH
a eCG G dG MU aGh YQ dGh ,dG
eCG QH dG e eCG jdG Y H QH HG
eCG Ff jdG Y H OS H e H a QcdG
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fEG J H jd H dG cQT ``bh
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Y Gh FGdG fEG J b FQ VCGh

G adG SCG cQd IQU

Tadreeb #6.indb 10

adG SCG SdG a dG dG cQT

bh ,`g1431/3/15 j jGH fc dGh ,aH G
c .SCG cQG L YEG dG cQe df
Y cCdG dq a G dG Y LJ fc
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Y G adG hDe jJh T Y dG M bh
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:51 PM

eN IQGOEH MG dG e OTCG fL eh
,MG G AGOCH dG SDH HQG
GgG GPEG c d CJh ,G ke ``c ``fCG Gk e
LGNEG G Y KCG c ,JGQbh fCG jH
Y aG b e VH X dG MG IQGOEGh
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hCG cG Y IH YdG G G M
dGh hCG G GMh ie Y MG HG
J a ,GMh HQCG cQ G e Y Gk NDe bCG
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Tadreeb #6.indb 11

AG``` dG ````c ``` L i``` ` ` G ``` aQ ``` d``e `` ah QGR

QdG Ve QG FGdG dG b - dGh
eCG G dG MU aGh YQ dG (b) ICG
QH dG e ``eCG jdG Y H QH H a
OS H e H a QcdG eCG G dG MU
e feCG fh ,dG e eCG Ff jdG Y HG
HYEG dG adG S .jG QdG S dG
AGd dG dG L UNh Y H VG j
,VG LCG adG H b dG dG H dPh ,dGh
Y dG L Y aG e e d YSGh
.cQG e dGh ,Jj
FQh IG CG eL dG adG SCGJ
dU QahdG jd ``O``cCG OYG g
jd eG a MdG c e c aGj ,Sj

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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jQdG QNCG

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dG d jFGdG SH HdG S bh
H Yh aG jQJ Y If FYEGh LGG jb
dG cG T ba cQTh ,G j dG QKBG
gGh dG ```dCG H H SCG da
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adG ThH ba eb c ,QYCG e jVG
.WCd HGh adG GdG e jdG H
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jYQ bCG dG UG LMG hP Le (2)
,dG M H fS IdG ``S``dG ``a`` ``M
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hP e ``` WCGh ``SQG``G G``j``eh bCG ae e
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eCG J ce ,SdH jdG HdG a : e c
G NdGh jQdG jYdG ce ,SdH bG WCG
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Tadreeb #6.indb 12

(adG SCG) ddG SCG da Gk NDe NG

YdG G G f dGh (2) e jGg efd
SCG Jh ,`` ` `g1431/6/20-14 e IdG SdH
QT dG YG HGh adG eGdG e jdG
aG hQ N SCG SGh .QdGh QdG a
cQe Y ``Gh gdG AVEGh ,cQG H dGh
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jM dd Ye He fCG T
HGh dCG H gJ K ,G H CGH dG
a QT jCG KK I hOQdG dH bCG c ,G
KdG cGG UCG J ddG jf h ,k Y 32
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a e SCc Y bCG a dG Ic dH eCG
a 8 a cQTh ,Gh dG jQd edG SDG
cH SfS ja Ra Y SCGh ,Y 4 Y YRh
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Gd VYh ,G Y OGe MUh ,Shd SdG
J adG SCG T c ,dG GW h YGdG
cQh ,k ja 12 a QTh "dG ```dCG QhO"
jM dG GQdG Le bCG b IQS (20)
UCG e VdG Ig G ke GQk M Th jjdG
GQdG Y e jVG GhOhR jdG GQdG
ebEG SCG Th .d FbG ch jQJh VhG
`dG CGH M ;dG (GQdG f) Le
GQdG O``Y Hh ,e ``bh e JGQS (f) ` `H
GQdG OY H a ,IQS 100 e cCG HG cQG
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:54 PM

H dG EG UGh dG YdG jjGh dhDG e c j
jv QGOEG M gJh ,dM e edG KDJ fCG hj dG dG dG
dG g gCG e dh ,H j dG BG GgCG YJh ,ee
: ``j e
e jdG Jh dG UNEGh H ``EG dP Oeh : G ``NCG dG ,bGG c dG NCG g eh ,jNBG e ed IG NCG
hCG ed OaEG Z e eCG e CG Y dGh ,bd J Z e dG Y
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Y dG Gk ge j CG hDG Y j : edG GQb ae IQG dH k L eb bJ Yh ,jdG JGQb NG GQOEGh ,jd edG GQb
M edG H G jRJ j M k FGO cCG LdG Y e MGh H G
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Y j e H Y AGOCG edG MCG j eY : edG jJ dG jRJ Y dP gCG RJh .FeR eCG UNh
jJh UdG RfG jG
k
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k j Ggh ,GNh MGe T Y XG H
.aCG LdG Y e G eY c Oj CG H dG
k e j CG Y H a G G d LdG jG : G SG d UdG AYEG : e FGdG e dG e S dG eCG ,dc G kL
,Vd eG dG jG jh dGh GMH j S Ggh ,jd e c d
H dGh LdG J EG G j G SGh .H eG HQh
dH dG dHh edG eG Y SG Y jh Vhh QU HMQ
.GDdG e Gh gdG f IQe ANCG hH
CG j LdG jGh ,CG e ee
d jG : CH GYG YT k
.CG Y J Y jh GMG d j edG j Ggh ,FNCH j
QdG HQ M edG H gf j e dGh ANCH GYG aKh
YOh ,FeR eCG UN
XG fgEG Yh AhdGh ,CG bdG Y MEH
k
IOYEGh ANCG Rhd LdG dSCG gCG e H b dG IG YCH cJh
.dG jdH iNCG Ie dG
WdG fGG k FGO YGj CG jG Y j : ed WdG fG J YLG fGG Y GDdG a ,e UGJ Y j CGh ,ed dGh
H h YdG IO``jRh ICd AfH edG QT Rj Ggh ,fk MCG jSCGh
.dG

Tadreeb #6.indb 13

dG jQdG FQ Ff
.dG Gh

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:54 PM

`` ` G

..

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:55 PM

Tadreeb #6.indb 14

hCG - YdG H CG cG dG e j a eG h``dG YdG QG J GPEG

gjJ K ,jOh Om GaCGh ,H Gh ,IU TQh LfEG CGH OdG J - e AGLCG
.ee YU e AGLCG hCG ,IMGh m c
UdG e hdG J dGh dG jQdG SDe dG jQdG ee c
e jH J cGG J NGO UN GQGOEG AfEG SG dG eCG ,Ye jOe e EG
.jhJh jQdG dG
dGh - WG ac J dG dG gGh dG dG Y eY If dCG GPEG ..G h
VGh
Hk Z f fEa - jdG GAdGh G OGGh IG TQdGh jQdG ee
k
.LfEG LG g
?IOh H e ```fEG J Y dG jQdG geh dG dG J GPa
g ?e jQJ GMh EG dG jQdG JGMh jd H NCG dG MG eh
Z M G AGQBG e OY Y "dG jQdG" a aJ dG dG Qh fc DhdG
..ddG QdG UdG ..aH jQdG feEGh SDG QM ZQ jQdG L

Tadreeb #6.indb 15

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:56 PM

`` ` G

GN Gh dG jQd edG
SS A```H f ``j```dG IQ``` L
.Qd j jeh jOe jQGOEG
IOG G
IjH dG dG Y ``eCG
EG a UdG ``H dU
Qq CG IOG G g Y dG" CG
e G jQdG `` edG
fCG jf CG dG e ch ,GS
e gf Cc ,gL Qm Y Y dH
SS Qm GH J dG ;dRCG jdG
WJ e ,a CG``H J e ``cCG
df CG h ,dG jJh dG
YdG j M CG ba J
;YCG H Ged jd OG
H d dG CG hj dG H
dG CG``dG H h ,hCG CG``dG
."LGdG LQO EG j dG

dG o j g" : jh .jQdGh
dG Y G dG KCG cP hO
aJh ,G dG Y dG jdG
."dG G Qb e
G Y QcdG Vjh
M J ```dG NGdG dG QhO
dG Jh dhG O```G ``jhG``dG
jQdG GMdG Ld dH j
.OhG fEG f
jQdG dG CG EG ````jh
MCG : UY IY e J NGdG
UNh
,IQGOEG j ``gR``HCG
k
g Q``G CG h .``jQGOEG SdG
J LJ Ea ,jQdG dG SSCG
QG Gg e ``jQGOEG SdG
JYGHEG RGHE FG hdG OjEGh
v LfEG k e e S LfEG
SDG N bh .HW e j

IOe eGY
jQdG g Y e fc jGdG
H Y QcdG IjH dG dH
Y CG EG QTCG dG G
dG gGh dG dG ``
Id Lj LfEG jQJ e EG
LQG dH H j ,SCG
jQdG H i`` `NCG ```J``J H
.NGdG
SCG G QcdG jo h
Jh LQG dG EG OJ dG
FGLEGh ffdGh YLG eGdG
Uh dGh ,GG dP
LfEG f Ij fCH - bCG Y hCG fCG M a .jQdG GMh
,OhG fEd oJ dG OG J
v CG VGda
Y G k d e c
k - YLG eda .LfEG
- e
GkOG``aCG G g VEG j
fhdG I````dG ``N ``e ``Y``` Lh
dG jG dG Y k Y ,d
V EG aVEG ,IO``Y G R``J
cCG jdG id JGSG aCG
Y jdG Gg iJ M : G
LfEG j e ZCG CG GOe dP IQhV
dPh .OQG e Y G
G J e Mjo e EG aVEG
v e H fQe Y jd
dG fdG edG QhO jh . v J hCG
G QYH ,dTEG g jo
e Sj fCG Ve
,fEG Y
k
aH Gh G MW M
dG GMdG LfEG je

: .




.

Tadreeb #6.indb 16

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:58 PM

dG Y dhDG G ``eCG
IQGRh fCG cDa Q``eCG d jdGh
j ``eCG C ;dGh ObG
: e Q```eCG I``Y ``e ````dG
aVEG ,dG f ,YdG WJ
M GHC
m G H ddG ae EG
.d je
beh e
MdG cDj NGe ``W bh
G dU H MdG Y HdG
VH JJ dG G e GkOY
: CG eh
``e d h ``
gG dGh dG d j
p
,AH Y jh ,RHCGh gCG
HGH a SG dG d jh
.dG IOjdG
G ````G dG ``jQ``J
- YUh YGQR - ebCG
dG ICf Y IH JCf J
NCj CG VGaG j ;dG
QfG M dG dG
.jdGh
VGe Q jGH g fc
dG SDe fH j a
.G ``` Y ``J````` ``` ` dG
SQG ``f``c ```G S a
dG e fdG YdG
GHCG J - SCG a - VG
SQ He G e TQh
dGh AGdG c CG c ,jeQ
dG Je e L oJ
.jv b ae
Jh G
k

c ``fCG EG Tf ``dhO dG
TG ``e````dG ``k `F``Y ```
Gh eG SDG H
LdG Vj ``c M ,G
L SJ dG dG IQGOEG EG
fhe hO dG HGdG e
``dP ``KC` J G``j h .``e````dG
QdG EGh k bH edG FGhdG
.OdG H e
dG gG f EG jo c bG If - G``fBG - SdG
fG H dh ,ae H
fY dG YdG Y
OJh dG VfH gh
e Y dG j dTCG
.jk e gG J
QJh OH G dG j Ggh ,YdG G ``CG

d : G MdG Y jh
,fG dG IQdG ``fOQCG GPEG
IOh ```f - S ``` fEG Jh
Ea G d - Me dh
S Y e bG e GkOY g
: G
fG YdG e dG CG j `` e hCG - ``` ` b``dG EG
ge HU - JeH
YdG ``` ` ` G `` `W
G j ```dG ```j``G
SdG QGOEG ````dG ``X
SCGh j `` dG dG
YSh fhd G dG
.G e UGdG
BG Y G HbdG jQdG EGh ``dGh - G``fBG - eG
OQG``G V I``F``a ``d ``f``c

:
- -

Tadreeb #6.indb 17

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:34:59 PM

`` ` G

dGh SDH IdG BG ce

IG ``` YCG VM J
aG eh ``eh We L
.H
d Hb Me
dG Gg e dG QG h
H NCG dG MG Vf
.jQdG L YO QJ d
dH ``jQ```dG g Y ``e CG``` fh
H Y QcdG IjH dG
ee SG j dG G
e ``` ``` dG `` ` `jQGOEG ```S`````dG
Q - JVh Yb - Q``G
- id ,``jQGOEG IMdG RJQG
AGOCG SdG J SfG -G
.HW e LfEG dHh Q``G
J iMEG OoJ CG IQhV Me e
e jJ efH IQH SdG

EG aVEG .IU TQh hCG ICe Ua

UG dG ej dG GQO```G
.jG G Hh
J ```dG ``` G Vjh
edG SDG : eh G G``g
eG H ,Gh dG jQd
jdG ```Y ``` G ```j``e ,``` ` ` dGh
jQdG dG e ,dGh d
L dG Y ce ,YdG
aVEG ,eGdG Y ,G e
H - jG hU) YdG L EG
dG hU - Q`` `NOGh dG
.(dEG ....YdG
edG SDG QhO EG jh
G J Gh dG jQd
jGh jG J N e
H G``` f``d `````gC`J ``j``dG
N e IdG jQG dG

QaCG O````H ``` JQG j

QOG`` ` ch G`` ` `e `` e ```` `Gh
,jL c e UGG jQdH
QOch ,```d``G IQGOEG ``fh``eh
.``` fh ``````d Q`` `e ``j````J
SDe j ``b G`` gh
Y dG j dG dG
.Je
N VQCG
c Y e fc ddG NGG
H MCG SG IjH dGh AGdG
dG CG EG QTCG dG dG
N ``VQCG G ``g```Gh dG
jQdG GQG AH Ia Yd GvL
,bGdG VQCH ITe JG LfEG
fEG Qe QYG g j CG j eh
Y j v bGhh v J e
k
.HQd jQdG dG
dG ``` MCG ``S````G ````jh
dGh AGd dG dH k e
jh ,```U```dG H aJ ```dG I``j``H
e jQe a ;dH J
,dG ,LCG ,OHdG ,dCG : e
jJ jh ,gZh ..QTCGh ,dG
Jh ,G G``` SCG Y Je
.G ah OGaCG ac e k b
IOe L
YdG G G je jh
dG dU ``H ``` gG``HEG IH
H IO``L``G I````dG b ``` jDhQ
jh ,G NGO JLh jQdG
SQ L g CG EG jGdG
OjEG Y dhDe - IMGh L dh -

Tadreeb #6.indb 18

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:01 PM

j G dU H MdG Y
edG SDd HdG cGGh gG
f EG ``` ` Gh `````dG ``jQ``` ` d
SDG QhO j H ;G
jh ,aG J dHh ,v aGTEG
FdG QSG jh ,jdG Ua
.jdGh dG eGd e
SS Y eCG CG cDjh
G iG a ,IjY G
e h ````JG cT
,G Ge dNO H aG
cdG M dG iG Yh
HdGh jQch dG jQdH G
jQdGh YdG G ke ``M`
k `
G Q`` ` `Jh AG```` `j `` ,`` k ` `e
cT ``dP ``eh ;dG Jaeh
dG ``H```dG JjJ ``jh JjJ
e H UN
v G ke C```fCG
aJ ``M ,```j``G H dN
dM H dG S EG bdG
EG j ``fCG EG .edG jQdG Y
LH ge G``bG G``g J CG
,Gh dG jQd edG SDG
J LQH fCGh aGgCG QJh
j jdG HQG e JL Y
.dG H ea JSGQO
HdG ``e `` NCG IQ````dG ``f``c EGh
dG Y fG M RGJ LQH
,JLMG J UG YdG
.jQdG JfeEG e IOSGh
LfEG jQdG
dGh AGdG c Y i``jh
dG H MCG SG IjH

G ae J d fCH G
``fC`H ,dG dCe dG
j eCG CGh ,IOG H ae
.cG Ge QNG AcdG EG - a
G e j b ``fCG EG jh
IQGOEG ```H ``` ` ` ` ` dG i``` ` ` e `` `aQ
e ``` L `` Kh ````V``G ``g
LGS ``` fC ;IQ``` ` dG IQGRh :`` g
Y G jeh ,G``ZEG e jb
,jdG G M j jdG
c
J ``Y``d ```d``G IQGRhh
m
.Wh
SdG ``bCG : UdG jh
H - g SdG g J d
dG jQd edG SDG - T
HQe e ``cCG dG C ;Gh
GaCG jdG e ,k a SQG e g
GZEGh SGQdG Yb NGO gQYCG
OGSG jd CG c ,jdG QeCG
Y jQOdG jG QN dG
eCG J EGh ,YCG g SQ
.G QdG hCG IdG e Yf
k
GSH j d dP CG cDj fCG EG
e H H ,jdG ``jQGOEG GhOCG
ITe JJ e IQGOEG SCJ
GQGOEG Y J h ,aG
EG j hCG J hCG eb iNCG
EG j eCG C ;IQhdG
,WGbhdG LGG b e dG
d .``` JG``dG ``` ` dG ```Y ``` ` dGh
.cCJ H dGh IeG j
G EG dG
`` `H`` `dG `` `M`` `` ` dG `` ``` ` `jh

GMdG e j dC j
jh .e e EG jQdG
QJ eY LfEG adG CG EG
Hk jEG J S jQdG GMdG
.H YdG dG Y
YCG VM
IjH dG dG Y ijh
dG CG UdG H dU
e `
m ` f A``` ` fEG EG ```
- cdG IQGOEG GP - YCG VM
SG ``e A``c ja jd j
e ,jdG AGNh jObGh
YdG UdG Y G dG
ee ee e u d ,MG
e AG``LCG fEH J hCG ,``J
J Yh ,dH Fb e
YJ
m
LfEG j fEa YdG fG g
e jG ADd gOSEG N e
.VG N
YH ``dP Y eCG jh
e jo dGh ;jhGdG G
fe hCG ``TQh ``NGO ,v FGLCG
T Y jdG ``` ho ,I````U
oJ dG GOGdG dch ,Ff e
,jGdGh ,jadGh ,jdG H
H EG aVEG ,FGdG ``LGQ``dGh
b H ``H ,GQ`````dG dc
dGh,MdG GhOCG Lh ,SSCG
Lh ,jdG H c J CG
HQG Y Qj LfEG UJ
.YdG gGh dG
IjH dG dG Y Ojh
g EG Lj CG dG JG Y

: .


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Tadreeb #6.indb 19

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:02 PM

`` ` G

M .SDG ``a`` ```e ``e

IC FHdG GjdG YCG AfEG
GG fU ```Y ````dGh ,```U``N
j H ,edG fGh ,dG
S LMG WGNh fEG dG
bCG e OY N e dPh ,dG
.H jQdG
a VG j a eCG
e hdH - G CG EG dG
b - IY ``j``G ``dG L
IU TQh jG MCG H
G IdG CG c ,YdG G
QSG - G - J S
d YdG G TQdG H
Qa H A```dG j ```Sh ,```j``G
.eRdG GAGLEG L e AfG

a j b dGh SCdG e hCG

- G H - G ke ,d VY dG
.VG Heh Ifeh YO Y
g CG EG ``` ` dG ````jh
YdG G gG ``e jdG
- SDd HdG - dG dGh
oSG c ,LfEG dG QOH
YdG `````G ``g``` G ```N
HQG a j LfEG jQJ a
e UGdH - HQG e GTEH .UGh dG YdG
G ````G ````Y ``V``````jh
Gg G H IY YdG
,Lf fc fCG cDj dGh - Q``WEG
edG SDH dhDG ``e YH
e LJh ,Gh dG jQd

efH hCG LfEG jQdG Ia YO

jQd edG SDG VG
UdG S dGh ,Gh dG
SDG G`` `Mh ```j``N ``e ````d
Ya jH ib EG Gdj C UdG
.WdG ObG Yd Te Hh
QOG`` c A```H IQh``` ` H ``d```jh
;dP H c c e IQGOEG
NGe aJ EG ODS dP CG UN
k
.JQGOE J L EG jOe
J L
YdG G G je jh
EG dG dU H gGHEG IH
SQ L O``` jEG Qh````dG ``e ``fCG
J ;je hCG e c J
eG Jh ,G H dG
Ia CG Ve
.LJh ed
k
Ia e Cf ``b v Y VG
dPh ;YdG h``dG jW
fG YOh IdG BG
VG CGh ,```YCG `` EG
ObG YO da KCG dG
Y Ua N N e ,Ic hO
.IdG BG IjL
G ``` ` G `` j`` e ``` ` ` jh
MG Ia EG : IH YdG
jQGOEGh dGh dG G L
QaCGh gCdG dG eG e J
I``Gh `` G `` SCGQ ``` Zh ,G`` ` HEGh
UG Y G``` f``d ```a```dG
QhO JCj g eh ,(IdG ICG)
fG Y JYe VG
MG d IU ICe SCJ

:


.

Tadreeb #6.indb 20

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:03 PM

fCG J cCG OGaCG J G IdG CG SGQdG KCG

OGaCd jG hdG aQ Y QOdG hG EG .OQGG h UCG hCG GAGLEG hCG
,REG hQ Jh ,jdG Heh ,adG cG YJ Y IQb cCG j
GgCGh aGgCG d edG H QNG hdG Jh ,AGOCG jJh
.G
dG LdG Y UY gCG e dG jd jG hdG J Jh
JG JcQ fH dG Ld SSCG IcQ gh ,jdG Fb H j
JQG Vh ,Yah IAH d edG M Y k hDe FdG jh ,IOdGh
.XdG jdG SJh FfG YO N e dPh ,hG GgCH aGgCG
AfG hCG XdG jdG V e e Vhh MGU H f fEG
OdG XG id REG fL V EG dP dG Lj h ,XdG
YCG T e GvL jb fCh .G Z hCG edG dCG Y OOj c
Y hCG e Te H AGS d ef dG GQhdG H - OG XGh
k Hk T Kh RGYGh a Hh fLh a - JGQGOEG jW
Ia IOGQEG jd e
k Ya
QOb OdG dG CG cDf dh .dG - MGU H - fLh c ,d OhM
cc e Cp j a ;jdG SLCG e Z e XdG dhDG Y
dM KCj Gk H EG j d fCG c ,dG e Z e aCG j dh ,NBG
.jg gQYH jd XdG Ia SJ Y dG H eh .dM h
Y d O`` ``g ``Y IQ``` Y XdG CG jd I``F````dG I````dGh
OG NdG - a - j XG c GPEa ;IQG J gh ,T JGQ
M VGh jDhQ jd J dh ,YCG REG Gk J dP Y Jj a
e e Zh Z W EG eCG Gg bS Qh ,IG ag
Sjh ajh j CG j dG edG IG M e h JGQbh JfeEG M
.M SGZ a
d Jh dG XGh dG J eGH EG LM fCG YCGh
CG j dG jg - dG NdG Qe fCG EG aVEG - XdG g CG
dh Y JhQ h O GhO O eCG dh .j H ej
k jh H j
g dhDeh e e h M g
s j CG j Xa ;dP e HCG
.fGL L feCG gh XdG

Tadreeb #6.indb 21

G jQdGh G eN ce
.IY dG dG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:04 PM

dG jL

...
(Vehicle Noise)

GUCG fEG EG aVEH ,fEG Yd j dG GUCG J g AVdG

G FXh Y KCJ AVdh .IH PCG W RGgG EG OD`Jh , mY OOJ GP
aGdG N FdG SCG e g AVdG CG c ,dG RG gCGh G
.fG Jh cdGh AGOCd
je Sd jQZd G``Mh gh" jO IMH AVdG IT SJh
."H gGL dG EG f" H 10/1 ihj jdGh ."dG V

.cG b - IjH dG dG

GQdG AVdG QOe

AVdG QOe Ea ,(2) bQ dG e VGh g c
: g GQdG
e ceCG IY e G AVdG : G
,Combustion fGSG NGO GMG e dG AVdG
Air Intake G NGO AGdG NO YS f AVdGh
LQJHdG J IQdG fc GPEG UNh
,System
k
k Gh ,(3 bQ T) Turbocharger
e dG AVdG jC
fGSG NGO G cM e fG AG``LCG J
Valves edG Zh a cMh ,Piston Movement
Mhe e IQOdG AVdG EG aVEH ,Movement
.Cooling Fan jdG

AVdG QOe
: j a dG e LEG
e QJ ``eh UGh edG G dG FSh -1
Gk c dG Jeh JGQWEGh Jc e Ye GUCG
CG EG dG SGQdG Jh .d LM hO J e
dG FShh GQdG S ``G AVV e %80-60
LQO EG idG G AVdG e Uh bh ,iNCG
.(jO 95-90) dY
.HcdGh KdG UNh
GFdG -2
k
.edG eGh GAfEGh G AdG Y -3
eh jJh ``jOGQ e G dG ILCG -4
.......h G ILCGh
.G YdG Y IQOdG AVdG -5

2 bQ T
AVdG QOe
.IQdH

3 bQ T
.LQJ HdG

.AVdG je H 1 bQ T

Tadreeb #6.indb 22

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:05 PM





.
.
-



.( -)
,jdG dMh ,dGh ,GQ```WEG ``f : e eGY I``Y
J dG ````SCG ``eh .``j``dG ``Gh ,IQdG YSh
k G AVdG
H fL e GQd dG SG :jC
QJ dG ``gh ,"dG" H j a dG
Y dG KCG d j dY AVV Jh ,Ye kJGUCG
cBJ h fS J fCG EG aVEH ,j e L
.GQWEG

J ``e `````dG AVdG e : IQ`` ` dG ``` f ``` f

JdG fH cBJ e hCG ,Clutch Bearing JdG a
hU IO``L``G hCG TdG ee QX J dGh
,k e Gearbox ``Sh``dG ````SCG G````UG f ``Sh``dG
GOdG Od G UdG J f AVdG hCG
G Q```G J O``Lh hCG Cardan Shaft U Joint
.Differential

YdG hU
G

`G QG
GOdG OY Uh

.cG f f - AVdG QOe 4 bQ T

GMG Y H: (Exhaust Noise) OdG OW f

Gf e dG d OdG T CGj G fGSG NGO
H Hk e G e OGdG h``N jh ,G``MG
hCG G cJ j dd ;Gv`L dY AVV
Uh K hCG T CG hMh ,(5 T fG) GUCd
.Ye IjT AVV EG ODj OdG

cCG SM
RG G
AGdG M fCG
dG c HfCG
dG c aZ

.GQWEG e IQOdG AVdG 6 bQ T

dG c

S f : (Brake Noise) ``eG```dG AVV

e YG eGdG fH J G eGdG
ee QX EG OD` j ;SdG IOG``Hh SSG
Te S h`` OD`j ,fdG J dG TdG
EG ODa ,jjG eGdG UGbCG e TdG ee H
k Gh ,edG Y jU Uh ,dY AVV hM
ODJ jC
.eGdG UGbCG d
AVdG J ```dG QO``` ` G `` gCG ``e E` `a Gk ` ` NCG

Tadreeb #6.indb 23

d Ya c

.GQdH dG ch OdG OW f 5 bQ T

GQWEG J j : (Tyre Noise) GQ``WEG AVV

QWEG f jd eG S Y Jh G e
AKCGh dG a AGdG f f (6 bQ T)
YS OGR ch ,V U j LhNh O Y
Y GQ``WEG V bjh .GQ``WEG V OGR IQdG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:05 PM

dG jL




.
:


.
Y H GQdG OY IOjR Y AVdG IT J
AVdG Ea (7) bQ dG e Mf a ,IQdG f
k 55 YH J IMGh MT e IQOdG
OJ YS/e
Y J IU IQS 28 e IQOdG AVdG
dG f e GQdG OY YJ j h .YdG f
IU IMGh IQS jd c GPEa ,AVdG IT YJ
AVdG eCG ,jO 70 OJ e IQOdG AVdG Ea
CG CG ;a jO 73 OJ fEa JQS e IQOdG
3 OGR H AVdG IT Yj GQdG OY Ye
k Gh ,a jO
eCG HQCG EG GQdG OGYCG Ye jC
dG e VGh g c , a jO 6 jJ AVdG j
.8 bQ

- Q````dG) ``````dG `` dB dG ``````SG GQ``` ` ` dG

MOG WG UNh
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UN cQ IQS

76

W 2 e bCG aM hCG f IQS

77

W 3^5 M 2 e aM hCG f IQS

78

W 3^5 e YCG aM hCG f IQS

Ghc 150 e bCG G IQbh

80

W 3^5 e YCG aM hCG f IQS

Ghc 150 e YCG G IQbh

77

IQbh W 3^5 e YCG f IQS

Ghc 75 e bCG G

78

IQbh W 3^5 e YCG f IQS

Ghc 150 M 75 e G

80

IQbh W 3^5 e YCG f IQS

Ghc 150 e cCG G

.GQdG GfCG d AVdG je 1 bQ hL

.AVdG je YJ EG ODj GQdG OGYCG YJ 8 bQ T

: QOG
-

Experimental analysis of structure - borne tyre/

road noise due to road surface discontinuities,
Peter Kindt, Noise & Vibratison Group, Katholieke
University, Belgium.
Institute for safe Quiet and Durable Highways.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.

Fa QcdG ,dG gQKBGh FVdG dG e .2010 jQS ,QdG

Tadreeb #6.indb 24

.IdG GQdG AVH MdG AVV fQe (7) bQ T

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:06 PM

Tadreeb #6.indb 25

6/23/10 12:35:09 PM

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.
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Tadreeb #6.indb 26

"a" ```j``eCG ```dG UN h AdG CJ d

Y j ``e hCG fdG LdJ `` ``YGh
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H EG gQd hCG dG N LdJ fdG H Yd
Y jj e g Ea jeCG IG jdG eCG ,QhO
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k W dPh ,2015 Y M QhO jJ QJ fGh
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,hdEG eG H fdG LdJ ```Jh
dG hCG G S CG H fhdEG Y X dGh
fc dG (Vacuum Tubes) ZG HG dN eSG
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,dG h dG Y N dP h ,(G IU
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G dP H AL K ,Ic LQd FXdG OJ h R``dG
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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JdG IcGd IjL P a dP EG aVEGh
jfdG HdG HfCG GSH eG fhdEG FGhdGh
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.GG ILCG IQTEG Ge
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KOMh ,H fCG he GJ Je EG UdG
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Tadreeb #6.indb 27

: fdG LdJ dG dG H
dG dG
Ud fEG L jff ce BG J
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dG fCG ed SG fedG RJ jG L
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k - dfCG j
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JGHh a fWdG ``j``G LJ ce hCG
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dG dSCG GSG e k H G HdH cG g
L Y S e Y j ``eh YTEG hCG hdG
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cGh dG e YHdG dH G dG dP d
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d LG hO dG cG Y He QU SQEG
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j e GSH bdG Fd dG be Z
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dPh (jG Y dG dG JGKCJh c hG)
.gZh ShdGh jdG Y Ad
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AGLEG e ddG JGdG Yd cf cT
dG e Y J ```f ``J``g jd ``` HCG
e ee ``u `h ,G IQG``M ``e jQH Jh
WCG MU cGh ,hCH hCk G dG dM Y bdG
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Y k a ,SG ``b``dG dG ```jEG hCG dH
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G ``N e G``eCG jh edG FGG Jh
bGG GeH IOh``G ```YCG bGe LGeh ,dG
ffEG eN e dP Zh ,JdG dH G
.IOG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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dG jL

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HdG bdG e ihj dHh H
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``f```dG Aa ``H fG ``L``jh
HdG bdH hdEG bdG dOe

Tadreeb #6.indb 28

H j `` ZdH fdG j jQhV YLG I``g``X bdG

k jJ bd IO``h VGh Ia Z EG Lj ``dG VdG e fGL
bdG Y hCG a :g hCG G : bdG UG jh ,kah
g dG Gh .bG T H J e eY :g dG Gh ,JGP
fhdEG G f QfG X h .```KEG fb f bdH OG
d eG e c ``Gh ,dGh GQGOEGh cd ghZh ed
j AGLEc bdG CG GH dBG Y v c OYGh edG fhdEG eG
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fCH h``` dEG bdG jJ h
jj ``e ``H ```j AG```LEG : ``Y IQ``` Y
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dG jg HQ dG g N e
bG KdH (bu G) p bdG MU

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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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 :


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.
j CG j h```dEG bdG CG
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k
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d cJ j bQCG IY g
jh ,H bdG j GkOc jdG
fhdEG SGGh dG edG
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Tadreeb #6.indb 29

j hdEG bd AdG b
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hT V fhdEG bGdG H
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bQ ``NOEGh ,fFG bdG RG``HEG
g `` `cCGh ,``` ` dG ``b````dG ``e``M
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H hdG bdG IOLG fdG
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e ja j PEG ,dG H QG
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hdG bdG jhJh dG CG S h
dG edG cG e Gk c SCG
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f SSCH g h```dEG bdGh
G j iS e e dCj J
Z J eRQGN GSH Y
j ``` g``MCG Me GP ``j``X```J
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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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dG jL




.

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dH UGh `` eCG ie
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d j LG VdG Gg Hh
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;jG JG FSh e gZh
fhdEG fH T j a G``d
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jH ,dG LddG GGh
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bdG Gg QGUEG dSCG H dPh
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Y jdG J TCGh QdG
jdGh bdGh dG LdJ
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HGVh hT H k Ke j
Y G``WCG JG j e jeh
.Jee db

Tadreeb #6.indb 30

EG j b f O fEG H .QdG
k e j CG hCG .gNBG hCG KdG hCG
.e e Sj Cc .e
k Y
bdG Y hdEG bdG jh
H SG jg cDj fCG QdG Y
Y hCG J CG hM h ,Wb
J CG H dPh ,Y bG KdG
dG SCGh YGb M eH dG
JG OGYE eGHh BG e dG
.iNCG J e dOj e hCG ,edG
hdEG bdG dBG
QG Y v fhdEG bdG j
J ee ``j``W ``Y h``` dEG
ee h HGe UY Y e
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UN hdEG RLh ,cdG bdG
NOE j BG SH Uj
cdG bdG e eG G`` NEGh
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d NG G e Y G
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Y v fhdEG bdG j eG g
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eYO Y k L Jh ,jdG
fb c H MGh ,fhdEG
fG OGG fdG KEG M d
.jQGOEGh jQdGh
hdEG bdG J gCG
,fhdEG jQdG ``e```G
QdG HdG GP eG Jh
ffdG ``a`````dGh ``` ` dG : ```e
jdGh OG````SG O```Yh jQdG
eGh OdGh dG cGJ Mh

: dG bdG -2
e ``` ` ` dG ``S``` SCG ``` Y ``` j
dG Y OYH eG T
dG ``` e OG```aC` `d ``` f``` ` ` G
dG ,jdG dG e ,dG
,jdG dG UGN ,idG LdG Y
bdGh ,``` ` dG I`` f ``e `````dG
T ``e ``cC``dG jh ,dG
eG `` `NOEG ``j``W ``Y ``e````G
dG : e jG FSdG hCG Sd
hCG JU hCG G d bO IQU
Ie jH jJ jh ``j
,HH dP H d SG IcGP
cG e jdG dG Gg ijh
Y Vh j bdG IQU CG e
K eh Sd dG UdG
dG SGH f hCG Le
.fhdEG UdG eG
hdEG dH bdG -3
HH dSdG Se j g
hdEG b GSH dG bJ
Y BG ```S``G TT Y ``U``N
efdG Gg jh e efH jW
,U ``e dGh bdG dH
BG SM RL EG dG Gg jh
bdG Gg jh UN UG
aCG dG Ggh ,dG e d
TT Y ```jh ,h``` dG bdG ``e
Ie UN Md Y hCG JdG RL
QX Y UN b SH dd
Ggh ,TdG Y h``` dEG QG
eCG e dY LQH j dG
.KEG ffb M j h
g hdEG bdG CG j dHh
H SG H j AG``LEG Y IQY
,Y ``b``G KdH jg ``HQ j
e dG KdG Hh
hdEG bdG j h ,bdG U
Y k dZ j ``dG hG AeEG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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...
!..
HQd eh J jQJ e Gh dG jQd edG SDG eJ e ge EG
IQOb Ie J QOGc gCJ EG J dGh ch ge e jQdG JGMh G
GMh fCG GQGOEG eJ dG eGdG e dY IAH dG S aG Y
.FGdG dG Gg ITe Z hCG ITe IQH c SDG
QSGh ,iNCG dG YdG e gZ Y SDG J dG YdG da
eGdH egG jdhCG Gh dG eGdG J CG fCG GQGOEG Y Lj ,dSQ
HQG e edG IQGOEG FGO H Y U e Ggh ,HQd eG

dG jQdG fCG IQGOEGh .IOGh YG GH SDH fCG IQGOEG .dG
fCG Y e
eGdG e jdG LC XJh ,dG dG Gg ALh VH J dH Gh
j dG dG hCG dG jQd k e GAk L j CG Vj da ,Gh dG
- T Hh - j Gh dG eGdG Y cdGh ,dG TQhh jQdG Yb QG
eGdG e c J dGh JGP QG H J HU e jj e e ,dG Gg
fCG GQGOEG J eCG Ggh ,QG j dG jQdG bGdG Y G adG Y
H IOh e Me e d adGh d dG LH e fk EG cCdH
.iNCG eGdG Y J
J J CG IQhdH d fEa Gh dG eGdG Y G kcJ g EG f Mh
dG ZdGh HdG jJ fCT e iNCG GQk ``eCG g C ;JGP M J eGdG
jjdGh FGKEG GQhdG eGc ,Te H J Z fc EGh ,Qd Gh dG
REGh GHEd aGdG aQh GdG QGSCG cGh aeh dG GQe H J dG
dH HQG gG ITe Z IQH J gh ,HQd gZh dGh
(G) eGdG T dG fCG IQGOEG h .dEG j dG Gh dG
dG e H %75 f e ` `g1430/1429 jQdG dG fGe IG dG
`g1430 VG dG bCG dG dG eGdG cQ c ,%80 f e G jQdG
gG fc e jQJ GQhO N e %75 H Gh dG fG Y
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dG OGdG jeh GMdG dG e FeR MCG CG fS Ua gh
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J Y TQh H HQd eG fCG H ,HdG GYCd Gh dG
b IjL eh J GQe J hCG ,JMh QG cG dG GQG RJh SJ
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Tadreeb #6.indb 31

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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GQHG

..

e J dGh (WAX GUN) dG Se GNG e MdG U H IjH dG dH QG

Y H dG GSG jd Yf f CG dG eCG .Jh k bh bCGh fhe cCG dG GSG Y
SGG h ,jSh S jH SCG dGb AH Y dGh SCG AWCG IYe "SG" jh .eh
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fEG H QGh ,GgdG e SG fG dG H fEG J e e c hG Y TCG
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e dG Wh edCG e b aVEG
c d dPh ;UN Hh (Nozzle) NGdG e
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Tadreeb #6.indb 32

hG Ia
dG CG ``M ``fCG EG MdG G j
G J dG ee H ej dG dG
jJ N e dPh ;jJ jH J Y J
d d cJ K ,eGS HGPEG K dG EG dG
e d Qg j dG g Nh ,FdG dG Y
j ,jc ``bhh L SG EG aVEG ,dG
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cCG J Mh ,dG J GN QNGh ,eG
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dG Se

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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Tadreeb #6.indb 33

e T

dhdG dEG S e gh ,GMG H
N N e VG IdG N
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Tadreeb #6.indb 34

g ``` ` ` dG OQ`` ` G CG ``` T -eh Y ```J ``dG dG OdG

jObG dG SS ``` LCG
jh ,G ac YLGh
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EG - jC
IAdG aQh XdG AGOCG
Y ``g `` ``` L``` fEG
T h .dG ``SCGQ
GH ``jQ``` dG CG
dG ``g ``` ` G
G U ``dG
UdG ```Y
`` `` ``dEG

Y G jQdG Pj
fUh ``dhD```G ``e ``d``H ````gG
gG Gd SfG
iJ g ..QGdG
k
i`` eh ``` ` ` ``H `` jQ`` ` `dG `` ` `Vh
Uh ``gh ?JSDe ``e IOSG
FdG i`````G EG ````G ``jQ``` dG
?H

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:19 PM

dG dH YdG jQdG adG IQGOEG FQ ,HdG dG cT IQGOEG FQ s K

gh ,QGdG fUh dhDG ie Y jQdG H dhdG dJ dG gG dG dU H G Y
e jdG Y Gh dG jQdG jdG eG ON eM gG j dG gG
KGh H j G G jQdG CH cCdG EG YO dG gG gh ,YGdG GAGLEGh GQGdG
.aG JjZ H f
e QGM - dG G Y dG dh
,dG dG gCH G YdG YJ EG
YCG Y adGh YLG IdG h HjEG gdG IQdG jH gH QWEG Gg Gke
.GAGLEGh ddG e jdG N e dG a UN Gh jQdG b H Gh dG
gCJh dG jQH J dG - G jdGh jQd dG OcCG SCJ CG EG QTCGh
dG cQG OG e k T jOdG XJh WJ gC GQOE SfG
AL - Y
k
BG SCJh ,``G d LdG EG dG k YGO ,- G M - jdG eG O``N eM dJ
Yh dG IHGh G bG dG EG gYO c ,FXdG Y MdG QHW bdG Yh ,IdG
.dG Je J CG dG eGdG gCG gQYH HQCG SG
G VQGh Gh```dG ``e``bEGh
eGH SdGh ,jdGh jQdG
,G ``jQ``` dGh ,`````G ``e``N
b ``Y``d ``U``G ````dG Jh
.jQdG
`` ` ` `` ` `` ` ` VGh `` `` ` ` ` gG `` `` ` d
OcCG cT h ..jQdG
gG Gg hJ c ..jQd
i J eh ?jQdH jGG
eGdG ``N ``e O`````dG `````dG
?BG M cT Jf dG
jQd dG OcCG SCJ AL -

Tadreeb #6.indb 35

HjEG IQ````dG jJ ch
GdHh G OGaCG H dG Gd
?dG
b EG IdG E` a cCJ H -aCG f QJ Gh dG jQdG
dG gCH YdG Yjh ,eCGh
gG CG``H bh .``j H ej
k dG
HjEG ````g``dG IQ``` ` dG ``j````H
Y adGh YLG IdG h
jQdG b H Gh dG YCG
N e dG a UN Gh
,gjJh G LdG eGH jdG

fL EG Gg ,Gh dG jQd
Hd jdG eG ON efH
k a ,dG HQG OGYE LQG
dG ``e ``cG````dG ```f ```S``J ``Y
G gG e jG a UG
f CG f cCJ Hh .G
H j G G jQdG EG
.aG JjZ H f KGh
EG gCdGh jQdG gCG ZQ
gC Ye Z GR e dG CG
EG SdG If CG J g ...GhLh
?J Gh dG jQdG b

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:20 PM

e T



.
k T JCj XdH egG CG c
eM dJ dG cQG OG e
.G M jdG ``e``G O``N
NO ``` a `` dP ``e ``bk ````fGh
e JGSG cGT dG cT
jQd jdG OQG``G J hU
Ua aJh OdG dG XJh
GdG QWEG dPh ,d SG dG
jdG OQG``G jH HdG cdG
.gCJh WdG
bJG e jdG bJ bh
gNBG - jdG OQGG J hU e
150 Xd - VG dG jf
.e S Xh jv OS Hv T
H OdG dG ```S ``N``j
c ..QdG dG Ua e ``aGh
Jh ``YO SdG feEG i``J
G dG EG OdG dG LJ
?IdG BG SCJh
OdG ````dG ```S CG ```T -Ua ``e ``aGh H - dH - Nj
d ``` ``` dG Q``` ` dG ``` ` dG
Y G f eh . c H gQSG
IdG feEG g gh CG G
QdGh YdGh OG iG Y
d Gv e J d gDJ dG
J dG IdG BGh jQG e
aVEG MaH ej jdG dG
jdG `````dG ``e I```c OG`` `YCG EG
,dH dG Jf dEG j
k
g H J dG dG QhdG Y a
gj dG dG jQG
.jG ac Y G

Tadreeb #6.indb 36

Gh dG dH dGh
jJ ``Y `k ```a ,```````H ``` ` HQh
G jQdG SDe H dG
dG Jh dG Ybh dGh
dGh ``jQ```dG `` dG
Y ``U``G ``` ` dG ``````Jh
.gCdGh jQdH gG
J hU e cT hJ
dG ``` X``J ``j`````dG OQG`` ` `G
IL ```Y ``U``a ``a``Jh O``` ` ` dG
VGdG ```e````gG `````J ``e ..``` d
Qb j GPh ?XdG H
?gf dG YdH IOdG
gCH ````G ```EG ```T -,OdG d dH XdG
gd eeCG UdG MJEG IQhVh
Gj M G Hh dG ee
cQGh dG e AH e
.G ``NGO dG ee AH

M ,``g1420 Y G jdGh
gG ``bGh e SCJ Ia A``L
jOdG XJh WH dG cT
dJ dG cQG OG e k T
jdG `` e`` G O`` ` N ``e``` M
jQH OcCG Jh ,- G M Y `` `````gC`Jh `````dG
jQdG jf ddG
SDG ``e I`````eh ```K``e IO````T
HQO bh ,dGh dG jQd edG
OS `` dCG 18 ``e `` cCG ``` O``cCG
jQH J OcCG CG c ...fk
eGh jfdG MGG dG
gCJ eGH Y dG Ia N
Yj G``g dh .IOeh Ib
d HjEG gdG IQdG jJ
.jQdG
I ```H```G `` MCG ``cQ````Y``H
bGh ``eh ,`````G ````G ``jQ```dG
Yd JMe e dG JN
Y `````G `````dGh ````G ````dG
dG ````Y````H ``` ` ` SD` G i`````e
?OGaCG ie Yh UGh
gG J ```j ``jG``` dG -,G YCd fhdG IdGh dG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:22 PM






.
H e edG Jh bOdG
dG CG``dG IHGh ,``FGO
,Jeh FYCGh be Y dGh
j dG FcdG e a feCG ``eCG
jh ,W fc e Y CG Y
e L H jQG ```SGQO dc
Y IQdG ie Sbh ,gG ac
,he c e dG dG
c GPEG EG dG dG ``JC`j h
fCGh ,a ``k `ZGQh d v dG
HdG SG ``` H `````dG ``a``c
dH dG" C` H bGh ,jdG
AdG Y aG ``d``ch ,"c
Jh de EG `````dGh
.JLMG

Y H Q````dG dG ```j -dG Gg c AGS YGbh SCG Y

gh .Ic CG IU IC k e
j CG j dG YGdG e jdG
G ``` ` gCGh ,IC````G ``M```U ```H
bGe QSGh - J - G e
eCG ``gh ,``` YCGh `` bhCG ac
JEGh d FdG G dG
dG gCG EG ``a```VEG ,dG
dG ``Y ```Zh ,``e````dG ``a``c
OdG fdGh OdG LdG CG
edGh O``` ` dG h``` ` G ``M``` Uh
SdG ``e ``Hk ``b ```cCG ``g O``` ` dG
SCGh ,- hNCG LCG Z Gg Y oJ ``S```dG C ;````dG

SdG gCG EG f g eh
LdG OdG dG Jh YO
,IdG BG SCJh ``G d
Y ```M```dG Q``H``W ``b``dG `` Yh
Y c H JGQ j dG FXdG
.G dG Q``j CG ``dG NdG
dG aK jH gG j ddh
YOh ,jQSG QaCG jJh ,G
b J dG IdG jQG SCJ
Ua OjEGh ,WdG Obd ae
H QWEG Gg h .Oe OhOe GP Y
QdG ReG he EG IQTEG e
iMEG dG cQ cd dG Wd
k J dGh ,dG GSCG cT
jQG SCJ Y WGGh WGd
.JGQGOEG QGSGh IdG
..gaGJ e H hT d
Y GPeh ?jCGQ hdG g gCG e
"dG" `` EG OCG dG eGdG
YhG UCG e j M
?IjG

.k HS dG
dG VG A``b```UCG FQ Ff
.k HS
YdG d jOdG dG IQGOEG Y
.k HS dG Weh
jCG jYd ``j``G G IQGOEG Y
.(fEG)
SEd S eCG he IQGOEG SDe Y
.G
a (``j``bh) L IQGOEG SDe Y
.GQG
.bYEG HC S eCG ce Y
.HgG jYd dLQh jdGY G SDe Y
.NdG a jG G IQGOEG Y

Tadreeb #6.indb 37

.HdG dG cT IQGOEG FQ
.dG GY GSCG cT IQGOEG FQ
QSd dG GY cT IQGOEG FQ
.QdG jdGh
.hd G QGO cT IQGOEG FQ
.jd dG cG cT IQGOEG FQ
.QdG QSd c cT IQGOEG FQ
.d dG cd SCdG G FQ
.QYEd dG cT SDe Y
.jdGh jQd dG OcCG IQGOEG FQ
YdG jQdG adG IQGOEG FQ
.k HS dG
OdG MCG dG AbUCG FQ

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:24 PM

AGdGh dG

..

jZCG Uh eS Le
FGdG dG J b
.IjH dGh AGd dG c

.OdGh dG e jMh ``j``ZCG M G dG e ``j``ZCG J j

Se G```Y ``NGO dG LddG ```dG ``MC`H J ``j``ZCG H jh
QH aG e ,HhG L Y Ad ac ee jv QGM ee K ,dG
gCGh .FGdG fG dch GdGh dGh dG : e AGdG HZG dG Y eEG
FdG dG J bh ,GRdG d f dG fG g G jZCG Oa ge
Oa jh .ISdG FGdG IOG Y jG LLdG GdG hCG G g QfG dd
hCG AGdGh dG H Fc YJ hM hCG ,dG Y CN bh f G jZCG
b dh S QG e dG hJ b dd ;jdG AS H G dGh dG H
.Fja hCG Fc hCG LdHhe J b OdG SCGh ,ISa FGZ IOe Y
JYGe LGdG hdG d Vfh .G Oa ge Y VG Gg S dd
.G jZCG e fCG j

e dG Gd G jdG GfCG TCG

dch Bacillus SH jH OdG
.Closteridium jdc jH
j : KG Z jdG
IAc ``Y Y OdG e dG G``g
J dG G eh ,jQGG eG
GdG c G dG Gd VY
.G dGh FdG e : e
d f j : jdG
hCG ,hO``G dG hCG dG IAc
EG ODj dG K hM
e Y Penicillum e jdG
.G HGh cdG
K h f j :FG
,dG b IAc Y hCG dG QGL
.jQGG eG IAc ``Y dch
FdG e dG Gg jh
.HGh Gh
: HhG OdG ge
IH HhG OdG Y j

jZCG HhG OdGh .bdG

: gh SCG Id j b
G ```K````G ``j`````dG ``
J dG GfCG cCG e g : IQGd
cdG FYh QG e Oa
eh ,G LGhdGh SCGh dGh

G Oa ge
:g b EG G Oa J
HhG OdG : k hCG
VJ eY OdG Gg j
jQGM e G FGdG IO`` G
G FdG Y Ad ac Z

Tadreeb #6.indb 38

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:25 PM




.
dG W h```J hCG AG```T ``Y
e hj b fC ;G hCG G
j b dh FGQ hHh G kL dG
.k e
GdG G ``j``ZCG AG```T
G `` j`` ZCG ``e k `` `H ``` L``L``dG
e eG jZCG UNh ,fG
.FdGh WdG U
UNh VdG WCG AYEG Y
dG S ``Y ``gQ``` YCG J ``j``dG
dPh ;e ``Z hCG k e ``c AG```S
d J jH Y FGMG M
.dG
a H G jZCG M
Id IO```G I``G I``YG``eh ,LdG
NG IYGe e ,jdH jJ
.AGdG f M IG
AKCG ```J ```dGh G ``j``ZCG
j ,```YGQ``dG VQGh fLG
jWh MU ``jQ``J ``e ``cC``dG
AKCG JG dG dG dch J
.M
b G k``` L `````G `` j`` ZCG ```Z
I VG e UNh ,dhJ
Yh LdG Mh ,bO jY
Id adG IQG``M ``LQO Y cJ
.jW

FGdG IOG jdG aJ GPEG eCG

jv OeQ j dG Ea - dG c .(LhQdG jc) GvOe
dG AGLCG H CGdG t J
YJ f CGdG j : LQG
dG ``j``M ``e ``G `````cCG
.HWdGh IQGG OLh
j :dG jf J hM
hCG ,dG ``NGO GR```dG TfG Y
;dG b Y AGd FGR jJ hM
.NGdG EG dG J EG ODj
NGO dG IOjR f fG
NGO c jJ hM Y Y : dG
FGdG IOH dG Ae IOjR hCG dG
OdG e dG Ggh , dG Gg j
JG G WG IOY j
.G dG VfG H
Gg j : LhQdG fG
jZCG e dG e YJ H dG
H LhQdG RZ dJh eG
.Qd dG ZCG fG EG OD` J
Y OdG e dG G``g Y jh
,dG a Y fG FGdG T jW
.G WdG e Gk c jh
G jZCG QGVCG e jG c
e G jZCG AGT Y cCdG
.AfGh MdG jQJ

LGG
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/concen/cause/botulisme.shtml
http://www.usmef.org/FoodSafety/Clostridium_Botulinum.pdf
http://www.sfda.gov.sa/Ar/Food/Topics/food_quality_awareness/foodnews-202008-02-.htm
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/50005567/.html

Tadreeb #6.indb 39

.e TCG
G j : ````dG ``
GP `````G ````k ` jCGh ,`````e``G
: e dG ``e JG G``` c``dG
G Gh G cGdGh HG
e ``` YCG H J M ,G
h G TdG hCG dG dG
.dhDG g FG J MCG e
: G G G dG
J Y J dG jdG H J
.VM aQ J CG hO G
IOY j : VG VfG
jQGG ed jdG ehe H
hX N J M ,dG AKCG
Y J ;d dG jdG
e ``` dG G``g ``` jh .b VM
e eG Z G OdG
.QGh dG
jH j : `````dG ``` ` fG
J M ,JH OddG
HdG cCG K hCG LhQdG RZ
Gk J j ,jCG Wf AKCG
eh ,dG fk MCGh FGdGh dG
: dG Gg TCG
e dG jf iMEG J CG -CG
.k b Qd
jf J M ,```dG fG -
Y dG Yh e dG
VdG EG ``` gG``MEG ``L``J CG
.HH dG
jf J M ,jdG fG -`L
dG ```Y ``` dh e dG
.dG VdG EG LJ Y
HhG Z OdG : k fK
: gh TCG IY d
j : NGdG e dG d J
dG NGO cCG OLh f
dG ``e ````dG Ad ``fk ```J ```j
.(jG cCG) G dG dH

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:26 PM

AGdGh dG

...

.IjH dGh AGd dG dG
bader792@gmail.com

dc - jG GO````G eSG GPE` `a .I``Y```dG

k
Ea ``e``dG ``e Ib Id hCG Se ``Z H - e
KGG g Sh ,AGhdG Gd ehe J KGG
Ie e SJ M dG a ce ``e ``eh```G
,g da GH AGh``dG CGj jdG Hh ,i``NCG
Y j AGh``dG Gd ehe KGL I``Y J ``Mh
d ,da cCG NBG AGhO J EG LG CJh IFdG
e ``cCG AGhd ehe KGG a Qq o`J dG YdG
,IjL jM GOe jhOCG fe a J dG YdG
k Gh
v f H ffE jG GOG UJ eY jC
CG EG fEG j k da .HCG FSh GSG e k H
W IQH ehj S G EG PEG ,WEG Y Y
,W FSH G IYe IQhdG YO GPEG dh
VG Gg e cG Hj d G CG j eY a
dP e f ,``jhOCG g GSH NdG gY
dh INCG Sc jG GOG J CG j fCG
.hCG
La jG GOG GS IQhdG YO GPEG eCG
dG GKCdG e d gPJG GG e OY
: gh HjEG GKCdG IOjRh jG GOd
GOG e iNCG eKL fe hCG RW d hJ

bdG dP eh , 1940 S jG GOq G ocG

cCG H BG gh ,jG GOG GfCG e c OY foCG
b Y J jG GOa ,dG eGSG
jhOCG
k
GvL da gh ,VG J dG FdG J hCG
GQG J dG G dc jdG VGeCG ehe
J dG ffEG hCG VGeCG k e J d jdG
.TdGh GffCc ShdG
dG fG b jG GOd G dG EG
bh ,jhOCG d SGdG GSG AS H dPh ;OM H
S QX e bJ INCG GdG jQdG H
e AfCG jG GOd ehG KGG e
G d ck GQOEG cCG GUCG SdG ZCG CG h .dG
a ,jG GOG GSG Y LdG fG QKBdh
G : e jG GOG d FGH Y dG GhDh``H
.OG Hh dGh dG GSGh ,S edH G
ffEG bk W g CG SGQdG H s H ``bh
J GSG QhdG e fCG EG M Oe GSG hH
dh ASG g dP c EGh MCG H GOG

Tadreeb #6.indb 40

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:27 PM

.

.



.
.AeCG ed G AeCG KGL AGjEG jG
fEG PEG jG GOG e (S) ea hJ
GOG ie e jj S edG CG hG e
k Gh ,da cCG jh dG jG
QYG jC
KCG a ;jG GOd k jH LY
k edG Gg
jdG ```J d Qh``` V S edG CG ``` HCG
Y FdG e c La ,U H H AdG
a ShdGh KGd GvOe d S edG CG
Y H G Ye j CG G e ``fEG H
k G CG SGQO KCG a ;AdG jdG dP
VGeC
ShdG FdG dGh ShdG jdG dc
FGa eh .a S ea e Ic H dJ CG
k G
eh ,IcCd Oeh ,UG dG e j fCG jC
j dG YGh .WdG e jbdGh HdG M
,Qd e 2000 EG e 1000 H e v ej AWCG H
e KG hCG Ub
k OJ gh) ,WCd H bCG ch
.(ddG IOLG IQGdG UGbCG
b ajEG EG PEG ac Id G OG hJ
IOY Y dG ehe KGL Qt J EG ODj GhCG
.HU cCG VG
b fG G``KC``dG ac ae Y QG``` UEG
Yj CG h ,G OG GSG Y aGJ CG
.CdG Gg dG hCG dG

ZCG c j fDhHCG
..dG
..J Y f GPEG
Fe S

Tadreeb #6.indb 41

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:28 PM

AGdGh dG

GQhCG Jh ,G GSCH IaH IOLG dG GfCG MCG g dG dG hCG G dG
M ;dfCG ce e dY f Y dGh ,dG JdG e dG Gg QKh
GQhCG h ,(Charantin fGc f e) dfCG ce Y dG QKh GQhCG
.QdH IOLG J VCG KH QJ dfCG c Y dG
ce e % 9^65 f Y dG dG GQhCG AGMG FdG ddG KCG bh
.dfCG
dG dG IK e dfCG USG
.
- jLCG dG dG HCG Fd k ah - dG dG e dfCG USG j
AdG Ye PSCG
.dGh AGd dG c
: g jH
,dG dfCG RGaEG IOjR EG dG d G G ODj M ,G G : hCG jdG
.G Y AKCG IdG NGO e dfCG GSG Y dG IQb EG dP Ljh
: JBG GG Jh FdG jdG gh : fdG jdG
.4^5 to 5^4 QG d pH `dG OGh bdG QMEG -CG
.jdG dG K IdG e EG dG aVEGh ,W K IdG -
.YS 36 I o40 IQGM LQO Y G AG EG jG aVEG -5
dG dG f GQhCG e dfCG USG
: ddG GG N e dP jh
RdG iG IOjd Gk f M H GQhCG J) h GQhCG Z -1
R
.dfCH dGh H dCGh
.Ae d d aG GQhCG e Ye 6 aVEG -2
RH Je
iNCG cGh dfCG) e AfEG a bO 15 I G Z -3
.(jdG a jO a HGhH GQhCG
.v ej Ge K e 10 YG -4

MhGh dG Ve Y jhOC eCG

H
HhQhCG GSCH

dG dG GQhCG

Tadreeb #6.indb 42

dG dG IK

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:29 PM

jQdG MGh

()

.IjH dG dG - jQdG g Y

j ;dT Y Nh Y N e j aG
g PEG hG HdG ddG H dN eh .jb Y H
.QeCG H Mh
G kMh dj e c ,AT jd d k UCG g MdG Gg
LhR jd d eCG H fCG ,(Im s en n hs nCG r co n r n Nn n cn )
Mda .Mh fCa QfCG h G``YCG h L h OhCG h
N eh QP) ,MCG e d jGdG e G kMh Lp ho dG
.UCG ``MCG e j ``fCG J MdG a .(G k```Mh
.BGdG IMh AL (Mh) d CG jdGh
Qe HG fh gRCG b c d K dG MGdG (3)
spEG} ,(fCG-19) |lMGp hn l dn pEG n og n s pEG} CGj h dG
IMGh eSEG eCG g .(AfCG-92) |Ik nMGp hn k es oCG r o o es oCG p p ng
MGh bh ,KG Lj h IMGh T dg .gZ Lj
.AT c d dG MCG .CGj
dG g MGdG : MCGh MdGh MGdG H dG Gg
MCGh ,MCG e dh aQ d d k UCG c MdGh ,d K
Lh Y G Y J UhCG g .G k``MCG j dG g
IQS-163) |o Mp s dG on Mr s dG n og s pEG n dn pEG s l MGp hn l dn pEG r o o dn pEGhn }
n dp Pn r o fo n r nCG r n n en en hr nCG Ik nMGp n an Gr do p r Jn s GnC or r Np rpEan } ,(IdG
n p ds G n oghn } ,d K CG ,(AdG IQS-3) |Gr do o Jn s nCG fn Or nCG
n nCG
m r n dp
p jn BG n r s an r bn l On r n r eo hn w n n r o an Im nMGp hn rm fs eu co nCf
n n n Ht Qn ATn r dn hn } ,(fCG IQS-98) | no n r jn
k es oCG S
n s dG n n
r o ndo G njn n hn Ik n``MGp hn
p n Mp Un jn } ,(Og IQS-118) |np p n
o
q
n
IQS-39) |Qo s n dr G o MGp n dr G G p CG
l Hn Qr nCGnCG p r dG
u
l r Nn nbo u n n et
o
q
n
r
r
n
n
o
n
n
s
n
n js Ea l MGp hn l dpEG n og pEG p r KG p r n dpEG Ghsp Jn G bhn } ,(Sj
GPn pEan Ik nMGp hn k n r Un s EGp r fn cn pEG} ,(dG IQS-51) |p o ngQr an
.(``j IQS-29) | nhoep Nn r og
a ;``bk ``WGE G c OG``J ``fCG G``g e j
gGa ,g dG FdG eGSGh ,Xh d c
.dG e AJh J

Tadreeb #6.indb 43

Gk ae c .Y fa YL e c dG g OdG (1)
Oq a dG d .LdG Oq `a j OfG K Y e
,Oq a j Mh aSh YLh ebh gQ J e LdG
Mh NBG H e d dG g OQdG cGdG ,OQa cGQ j
.Y fG K Y e c dG g OdG PEG ..Hh g
OQh dG J G U (OdG) LCG h gRCG b
Uj h ,dG Qe HG Y Gg AL c ,dG
IdG Y - dSQ H Uh hCG f H Uh EG G
r o tco hn } .J G c SG Gg Oj dch - dGh
inOGn ao fn o o r Lp r n dn hn } ,(``e-95) |GkOr `an p en n p dr G n r jn p Jp nBG
en hn r co Qp o Xo An GQn hn r co n dr s Nn en or cr n Jn hn Im s `en n hs nCG r co n r n Nn n cn
n s n Jn r n dn Ao cn n To r o ap r o fs nCG or r Yn Rn njp ds G o co An n n To r o n en in fn
en o Ko p fn hn } ,(fCG-94) | no Yo rnJ or r co en r o r Yn s Vn hn r o n r Hn
o o jn
o Hs Qn inOfn Pr EGp js p cn Rn hn } ,(e IQS-80) |GkOr an n Jp rCjn hn
n
.(AfCG IQS-89) |nKp Qp Gn dr G o r Nn `n `fCGhn GkOr an p Qr `n `Jn n u Qn
QZ FHCG Y IdG fG CG H HGYCG J
: k L GJa
MdG YCG c e OaCG GJG GPEG M J HQ
d`dG e HQ e ``S ek j dh S EGh CG ch
.e NCG CG (e OaCG) da
: aW b
``G ``dG OG``aCG O``aCGh c IdG e CG EG
dG H Y j V GdH G dG CG (G)
.GkOe jh
k G MCG e j dG MdG (2)
h Xjh cj h UC
JQ hCG H e Y AH G gh ,MCG K
n ...dP Z hCG Y hCG
o dn or n Ln hn }n |G kMp hn or n Nn ren hn Qr P}
gh ,(KG IQS 13-11) |GkOo To n p Hn hn } |GkOho`
r n k en
ch , dG FCG ``MCG IG H ddG df ``jBG
or n Ln hn ) G b c j c jJ fc a JQH G k
ch ,ddG e IY a OhCG eCGh .(GkOho`
r n k en o dn

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:30 PM

dG J

6 QhJ v YU Gk b 24 e fe T Y dG bGG j f j
,r 55 gQGe jhGH AGSG N Y GQGG g h ,VQCG IdG M GQGe
a VQCG S Y dG Jjh ,r 60 gQGe jhGR NBG Y QGe c jh
dG jh ,QGe c QbCG 4 GQGG Y QbCG RJh ,jk J c 20200
CG bCG Y QbCG 4 e JG M ;VQCG M fGQhO YS 12 GM
.dG GWh dG e e

jQd Y eh Me Se
.IH dG H

v Y bGG j f Y c
.YdG dG e dG IYb GSG j
IdG GSH aG SH bGG j f j
IMh EG J M jOGdG IQTEG bJ dG edG
.SG
GSH aG ``g d R``dG bdG Sb j
.dY bO GP YS
.AdG YdG d bdG bG j j
G d VJ f IQTEd J Y j
VQCG e jdG G dGh (SfjCG) dG
.(SjdG)

(1
(2
(3
(4
(5

1
3

GPS Nominal Constellation

24 Satellites in 6 Orbital Planes
4 Satellites in each Plane
20,200 km Altitudes, 55 Decree Inclination

bGG j f fe
: g FQ GMh K e dG j
(YdG QbCG) SPACE SEGMENT AdG IMh -1
GPS Satellites.
dG f) CONTROL SEGMENT dG IMh -2
.(GPS Ground Control Segment VQCG
SG ILCG) USER SEGMENT eG IMh -3
.(Receiver

4
5

v Sg VQCG S Y UGdG be j c
UGdG b Le f YdG Q``` bCG J
b JQG Sb fCG VaG GPEG k a ;VQCG S Y
j j fEa ,e dCG 11 ch ,UGdG be Y YU
Ic Y ``VQCG S Y e e UGdG be

Tadreeb #6.indb 44

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:31 PM

Vj c dG JQG gb fh YdG dG gce
: dG

UGdG be Y K
m b JQG Sb GPEG bdG f
Oj UGdG be Ea ,e dCG 12 ch ,VQCG S Y
k G
dG JQG gb fh YdG dG gce IH jC
: dH c IFGO JdG WJ Y jh dG

M
k J
..G
c fG
J GQe

UGdG VH ej Sb
VQCG S Y e e

JQG Y dK YU b UQ GPEG bdG f

HdG IFGdG e WJ Ic Y j a e dCG 13
: dH c f

UGdG J Sb KK
dG e IMGh Y

e H HG dG g dG e CG Oj dh
.HGQ YU b Y UdG

Tadreeb #6.indb 45

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:38 PM

dG S

jGHh IG YCG cH dG e G jdG dG cDj Gg ..RdG jjh GHEG CGj G dG e
Gj CG GhQa ,UG hCG eG XdG Ghj d P g ..SGdG G Y L IU Yhe
Jo Ic Yh jfCG IdG JBe UCG CG EG iOCG ;YCG LQ cH Gjh KCG Ua Y
k G
c a jGdG gYJ IN j e d H fCh ..v HOCGh jv Oe gSCGh Y Fd JOaEG Y a
YOh dG ADg Ife VGh
dH Gh dG jQdG HdG SGh IdG BG a QhO
k
.IdG jQ eCG dG Gj M
AGbG EG fGbC k aOh ,jQ GRk GHEGh d k J ,dG ADg e P OY c VJ
.IFGdG HQH
: OGYEG
fH YdG G G

Tadreeb #6.indb 46

2010
2010
20
1 dj/fj
ddjj/
j/
/ffjj - `g114
1431
43311
LQ
LLQQ

6/23/10 12:35:40 PM

eMCG ac hjj a ;UGG d

.YdG
EG JCj jdG dG H dP Y eCG jh
fOCG G H ,dN JGhH dG dW TQh
dG ADg Le jh .G Gg HG IG e
e - cCdH - jJ S ,V JGhH dG Gj CH
.fJEGh G QGSCG aeh IG cG
WJ dG GAG``LEG J IQhH Le djh
d dG e dch ,NGdG QG```UEG jdG
dG `` eCG J dG dG dJh .````dG GSG
Y d ;I``` ` U ``Yh``` ` e ``` ` aG ``` ZG``dG
Hk hg G Gg Y OHG e k H ,jdG Gg SG
GQhCG LGSG N LGJ dG jQGOEG GdG e
.HG
M GYe J EG jG hU ``YO c
d Wj dG GAGLEG e Gh ,IdG jQd
.IdG jQG AfE Vhb Y

Tadreeb #6.indb 47

GhQb jdG dG ``MCG dG G Y H Le

XJ j CG EG QfG ``Yh ,``G dG `` VN
G kYe Y ch ,Gk e ag OM a dd , T JGH
,G dG Y G jGH GQdG fe dGd
f TQh h ,eY
k 30 dG e Le j BGh
IGh G YCG e G dG CG i``jh ,GQdG
ac Y dG j ``dG dG e UN
,d
k
Me ac EG HJ dG jG dG QXh ,jG
.IG
YCG e G dG CG EG dG Le jh
edG jCG IS e SCG Y j fCG EG ,jv Oe jG
dG dG j ddh .```G G``g Y LCG
SCG dEG ``d``dGh ,``G dG Ua ZH OdG
j dG O``G HdG S dG ``eCG gh ;bh
dG ``Y ``gh ,``cCG ``HQ EG ``a```VEG ,dG ac ```dEG
``eGhCG QfG ``Yh ,``b``dG dGh ,XdG AYCH
dG e REGh GHEG j M ;jNBG e GQGdGh
dG M SdG feEG EG ``k `a .c H ``G
e j dG ``eCG gh ,O``G NdG IOjdGh
.XdG dG
WdG dG EG ``d```SQ dG ``L``e ``L``jh
G kcDe dG Ua d CJ jdG jGh dG Y
cCG IGh ,MdG G g G YCd LdG CG
YCG Y k e jh ,- G - ``M`
k `h ``fk ``eCG
,fG : gh H dG AdG d dG G
GQk e ,BG SGh FHdG ILCG UEG ,IdG
dG CG EG j ``fCG EG ,````HQ ``cCG ``` YCG ``g C``H
j M dG e c Q``b EG j Gh hdG
j OdG dG H :jh .adG IG dG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:42 PM

dG S

- Jee AfE e edG G Y j dG AfEGh ,``` G G``g EG ``N``dG ```Y `````dG J

dPh ;J hOh WH dEG Lj dG GAG`` LEG
eN GQk hO hOD` ` `j ``` fC` H `````dG AD` ` g j ```M
.WdG

Tadreeb #6.indb 48

XdG QfG e aCG L Y e cGh YG

H CGj dG H ..jNBG e IYe QfG hCG
dG Mh ,G JM Y e jM UdG G Y
UN ,dZ fCG EG ;IjL dG g J Qh .G
a ;dW e dG e G Gg GhQNG jdG MCG e
CG - eY
k 48 BG dG e j dG - QNG G dP
GPh ,k e XdG j Q ,G dG EG j
k Y QJ "fG" eh a j
fGbCG j NO
.XdG dYCG e Y H
dG EG UdG Lh dG dG fc GPEk G
Ff O dh ,Y IN bGh e G AHCG e
Gbhj hCG G dG GHj jdG e dG gOOj jf
.JGH Ghjh JhM
cGh ,TQdG IQGOEGh fG BG j
GQdG FS H GRk Q``H SG UCGh ,Ic I``N a
UE hdG dEG Cj Gk ge v aM QYH aGh
.JGQS J dG YCG
jOG d EG j G dG CG UdG ijh
adG IG Y G S G d jG
a j G M gCG EG ka ,adG OG FdGh
dG G CGh ,dG hT gCG e G dP CG cDjh
,M dG j jGgh M Y jQdG EG Nj
Sh EG G g hj dG hNBG j H
Sh fEG j d G Gg hHh" .a RdG
Gg dGh dG dSG EG aVEG ,G j
FGOCG jW Qj S e j M dGh .dG
."dM e jjh JS c ,d
eG G QJ CG gCG EG UdG jh

2010 fj
dj/fj
- `g1431
- `gLQ
1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:44 PM


" k jJ " dG
15000000
4500000
4950000
2400000

Tadreeb #6.indb 49

edG jQG
56
9
7
72

IG jQG
112
29
20
161

IjH
SdG
IY
G

6/23/10 12:35:47 PM

J eY e eY ddGh
,eR CG h e c CGh dG
AGQh dH QeCe fEG C`H T h
IQ hCG Xh AGS c jv CG RdG W
j M Gh ,M hCG U hCG
jM QG``e gh XdG Y dG
k ,dG Gg
e j dG CG a
H j bh SGQO j hCG SGQO
GRQCG Cch ,Xh Y j hCG GS
j CG hO ```X``G Y EG R``J
hCG Y e RQ c jh SCG
Q e Gk c EG H ,U hCG AGTh H
AH VGh ``KCG d ``c G
g eh .XG e Gfj f
fCG c ,XG hCG XdG CT e f
dh ;XdG W Y dG f

Tadreeb #6.indb 50

,Gk N Ak GO ``` dG ```eCG ``LG``J

jT gCG j ,jk e Ak ``Hhh
UY e jv M Gk Y jh ,a
d fEa G``g ``eh ,Vfh gOODS
edG G``g ``Lh dh ,G k``j``L Ak GO
M ,jdGh Qfd ``cCG Ua
k
QJh ,e bCJ G H CGH
Jh ,QNCG Y ZJh YjP d
AGO fEG !iNCG SCG EG IAHG QKBG
j ,HT AeO iS dG ddG
gAfG e j h g a
,AdG Y gjh ,eCGh jd
fCG d GQk ````e ,dH jh
g ``g CGh ,dG Ua b ja
bGRQCG g g CGh ...a gQGbCG
.!!d c dG

.IjH dG dG jQdG g Y
Thoag15@yahoo.com

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:49 PM




.
QfCG e NCG Y Va ,Gk Le
CG - Y G VQ - HdG H S
Y dO bh dP HCa ,G Uj
M ,IQ````dG Yh a ,````dG
Y j ,HdG AZCG e UCG
aGdG jh ,G S TG
J GhOGQCGh e h ,G jO Id
e M CG aQ d" : dj cJ
."gP e b jCGd H
UNh
dG cs jo CG : k eK
k
fCGh ,dG gCH dG jW jGH
.RdG e
SCG Y oJ CG : ``k ``S``J
JG H dG e dG fG
h ,``jv O``eh v f YH ``dPh ,``H
.IYe hCG Y H gMh cf
UNEG Y CG : Gk TY
feCGh ,a IHGh ,dYCG
Ea FGOCG dGh dhDe
e LCG f fEG} : j J G
k MCG
: dG jG h .|Y
CG k Y cMCG Y GPEG j G EG"
."j
T d AG``` dG G```a ..G`k ` `NCGh
Xh QfH Ye hCG ``W``Y hCG
RdG W jYS ``Y j CG
,GGh dG Y j CGh ,G
EG eh .cdG M G Y cjh
k FY J CG j a XdG gCH
b .`` `VQCG dG hCG ````dG ``Y
M a G Y cj eh} : J
AT d G L b eCG dH G EG
.|GQk b

Tadreeb #6.indb 51

,J G iH ``g``eCG :``k ` f``K

OGdG h adG dGDSh ,dEG dGh
,RdG GHCG e H Y dj CG
d j G j e" C
bRjh L
k
."j M e
dG CH dG eDj CG : k dK
GdGh LCG Y j IOY jdG
- Sh Y G U - dG ``eC
M cMCG NCj C" : b fEa ,dH
a X Y G eH JCa
Cj CG e d N Lh H G a
.QdG GhQ "e hCG YCG SdG
Y cdG LH gcJ : k HGQ
U - SdG Ea ,RdG W G
cJ fCG d" : j - Sh Y G
Rj c bRd cJ ``M G Y
GhQ "fk H h``Jh UN
hJ dG
k
. Zh MCG
CG b GhOO``j Cs G : eN
k
J G Vj fCG k j j Y
Qj ``G Rda ;j dh
cdG G``Gh ,a J G
.INBGh fdG
k fe SdG YCG Gj Cs G : SOS
k
,d J dG YCG dhGe e d
d ,IH CGJ e dCG ae Ea
.IOGQEG Uh ,dH fe IN
CG e dG Qj CG : k HS
ddGh SdG QGQS ja Gj
SCG EG G ah bh ,jjCG H
Ph dCG Q``Y e gQjh ,R``dG
H MdG Y GP ga ,d QaG
e e j - Y G VQ - Y

dh .XdG W e RdG SCG H

jo Cs G G ``g M G e
g Vj dG ``Y WdG dG
jG Ich JN b e Mh dG
fh ,HH U Rf CG H ;dM
,d fh ,jdG dG jW dEG
OcCG U e g cCG fCGh UN
k
jh ,dG S EG jN gDj
Gfj M FXdG ``Y J U
aj e YU AH d
,IdG YdG h``dG - G PE` H Y ae ,jdG hCG EG gTfh
VCG ddG g dh ,a JGN
: dP IOh Ij e
,dG H dG bEG : k hCG
e a ,AadGh AfCG S e ``fCGh
U - dG ``ch ,dG ``YQh EG f
ch ,Q bRQh - Sh Y G
f ``ch ,GkOG``M - dG Y - OhhGO
fEa HHh ,GQk `` - dG Y k G - YbEG e H
ddG IAfH - jC
- SdG So a ;jNBG Y JGh
?dG dG CG - Sh Y G U
"Qhe H ch H LdG Y" : a
Y jh ,cG Uh QGdG GhQ
a dG iQCG" : - Y G VQ jh "Y e S d aM b GPEa
RdG W Y cMCG j " :dc
CG Y a ,bRQG dG : j gh
dh ."a h ``k `gP AdG
dG - Y G VQ - jdG gT
eM SCGQ Y L b aN e dG
.d dG EG H kLe dG e
MQ - dG dG LdG ddG HCG eCG
QO eG f ``LCG a - Y G
.QdG JLCH d ,dG OGH
G MQ - gOCG H gGHEG ch
jh AGdH jh Yjh j .dH jh QdH jh JdG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:51 PM

cQe

DACUM

FHdG dG b - jQdG g Y
eL e DACUM e e
.jeCG IG jdG - eG jghCG

Y hCG Xh H UN ee AH h Y g XdG dG
dG dG GSH e h LGh e FGh G c ae VH
;jdG OQGG IQGOEG SSCG cdG XdG dG jh .G Gg IaG
h jQdG h jdG h dG G G AH ``d ``L``dG j M
hCG HG hCG fSG GSH dG eG L j e k dZh .XdG
gG jJh d edG IQGOEG eb bh .AGOCG S jW Y hCG MG
Qe c j .v e GQk e 240 e cCG H Gh dG jQd edG SDG
.jQdG gG jJ hCG d SSC
k G QG Gg d ;e Xh Y
.G jG g L Y XdG d DACUM Y OYG h

TQh `` EG OD` j `` ,YG ``NGO FdG gdG

.dG
Xd jH ej N dG TQh AYCG jh
OGG dG hCG XdG J FQ Ff Nh ,dG hCG
EG aVEG ,GQG ,QG ,G ,LGdG : gh
.cdG
AYCG H j dG FdG YCG : g LGdGh
dG fCG : a G eCG ,Xh hCG Y dG TQh
.jfh jGH d GN g Y Y hCG LGh REG EG OJ
cdGh GQ```Gh QG H TQdG AYCG j
e QhdH TQdG e jh .dG hCG XdG HG
G k Gh LGdH j a jdhCG JJ AYCG
.dG hCG Xd edG DACUM fE
;eR Ia H G dG IO``YEG Gv`L G e
hCG ,Gh LGdG JJ U e dGh LGd dPh
GdGh LMd k J Y aVEG hCG H jdG
FG NC jjd G g J e k dZh .dG Y
d bO h J EG f c .LGdG jdGh
.e c AGOC H dG j GN g Y j
fEG G G dG 1 bQ dG Vjh
.d FdG dG h DACUM

Tadreeb #6.indb 52

XdG d DACUM
Developing IQd I h``M ``g DACUM
g J bh .e jJ J dGh A CurriculUM
Qe hCG jQJ e hCG Xh hCG Y e G
jOG dG DACUM jH dG CG``Hh .e
dG fc M ,GH dG dG i``MEG G k``j``h
.YdGh YCG IQGOEG J ge jJ h
DACUM SCG Y jdG h jdG e L dP J
.c ``bCG j XdG d ec EG Ud
SSCG Y J dG XdG dG W TCGh gCG eh
e j ``dG DACUM : g YG jW
,Fd DACUM Panel Y TQh AYCG 8 EG 6
hCG S GeCG b Gfj CGh IAdGh dG a j
,d DACUM AH OG``G XdG hCG dG ``cCG
eh ,dG TQd j e EG AYCG j c
TQh AYCG jh .bH Y TQdG YCG J Xh
SdG e Ie Storyboarding jQJ Md AH dG
jO cT H CG``H dG IQG fJdG dG h
jQdG MdG AH Nh .cG SdG fE jeCG
dG CGe H dG TQh AYCG j XdG hCG d
dG H QaCG bd UdG j ``dG YG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:52 PM

G
A5)

A4)

LMG Oj
jdG
B5)

C5)

B3)

ILCG cj
bG
C4)

V e cCj
dG

A2)

eh f j jQS Y j Vh Qj
e d jdG
dG
d Fe QJ
B4)

jgL j
cd GG

A3)

LGdG

ILCG j
bG EG
C3)

IAVEG j
SG

e j
SG GedG

B2)

ILCG j
GGh
C2)

JJ Qj
jdG e

A1)

W Y j
jdG

dG SQj
G

Ge j
jdG

B1)

ILCG j
eRdG GGh
C1)

e j
SG jdG

Qj
jdG e C

G
dGh LGG
G
LGdG
dGh dhG
XdG jJ
SG
XdG

.DACUM FdG dGh G edG dG

,jQdG gG jJ f : J dGh Development

h LGdG LJ dGh DACUM e Y gh
Y j SCID IjT WH .jQJ G``gCG EG G
?HQJ CG jJ e a H QJ CG J c : DhdG
k G SCID jh
dG Xj a ;DACUM Y CGe H jC
AYCG a j ``jCG N I Y TQh NGO YG
dG dG ch jQdG W Y dH TQdG
.jQdG d

Tadreeb #6.indb 53

G XdG d DACUM e IOSG

jQdG
DACUM FdG dG EG ```U``dG H
gG NGO jQdG gH HQ e H XdG d
Gg jj e dG SG gG d dGh
.G
QNG ``g SCID CG EG f CG j ```G h
Systematic Curriculum and Instructional IQ````d

2010
2010
20
10 dj/fj
ddjj/ffjj - `g14
1431
431
31
LQ
LQQ

6/23/10 12:35:53 PM

cQe

!!!""

GQ``dG H Qe
.aCH G G

Y Q````dG ``f``` jEG `` cQ .``````Jh

J dG ,dG ``dBG Obh ,Y
CaG EG QGdG Y jv e v W 18 f
dG S h .A`` G EG ``K ``eh
,NBG jeCG QW ,Y SdG
UCG jQH ce ,HhQ S g
IQdG c M EG J fch .Gk c
HhQ ce dh .VG bdG
VY fCG M ,Gk aGh v T egG
k
.S
b ,Y SdG dG NGhCG h
Y Q AGLEH SG e OY
jeCG e ;jQdG GQdG
,`` LOGO OQ`````jQh ,Q``gQ``c ..
cdG OY OGORGh .RdhCG jEG fGQh
.YH jQH GQS J fc dG
fGa jeCG eCGdG SCGh
cdG cCG e IMGh fS jah
jQdG IQdG AH ebh .``M`
k `
.fS IdG
Y jQdG GQd fc bh
jW Ia EG fCG e ,FQ

Tadreeb #6.indb 54

h`` ` I```Y ``` ` NCG ```bh

GQdG GSG d fjH
dG aG H gjJh jQdG
jjG dG cT e d VJ
``f``ch .``` ` ` MCG GP `` ` `c`` Gh
GQk GVCG J FGdG jQdG GQdG
QJ fc c ,fk MCG Jh dH
YoJh NdH AGdG Jh ,Fg L
fb" ``bhCG 1865 Y h .G
GQd VEG QJ CG "MCG dG
Gd k aa .eY
k KK f fjH
jQH IQS eEG j ,fdG
YdG c6 e cCG YH J CG
.jG YdG c3 eh ,jdG
LQ cG eCG CG j c c
H jdH HGbG e Qj ,IQTEG
.dG MCG SfHh QdG MCG
G ``V``Y ,18
,18055 ``Y h
aGL IG jdG fjEG dhCG
H ``bh .Q`` b Y d ``jQ```H
dOa WT d aGG fjEG

Y ``e``` dG ````dG `` ``NGhCG

jQdG cG Qt J s J ,OG
YG ch .k jS eJ
k HhQhCG
ce CG ;"M H HH" j
GH bh .JGdG JQH dG
.OG IQdG Qe g QdG CG d
gh Lc ``jR``L Sf ``b ``bh
hCG AfEH ,fa Y Se
1769 eY cG JGP ce
d ```gG``MEG U ``bh .1770 h
GQk GL i``NCG U M ,cdG
h .aGG dG KK jv QH
jdG ``b ,1803h 1801 eY
k jJ OQjQ
jQH c VY
.cdG d dG YHQ
.Y UGd G Rj c dh

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:54 PM

.

.
.
jQ jd SG ,1898 ``Y h
.dG e k H IQGOEG OY
fGah ``dQ````J G`` ` NCG ````U
.Lf jeCG jH IQS hCG jQhO
EG ,1893 Y jQhO IQS r oCG
jj h .hCG gQNG J fCG
S QNG hCG IQdG RLG 1894
GNCG SCG 1895 Y h .H
Yd ````j``eCG cT hCG ```jQhO
,JGP dG h .hdH J GQS
hCG f G``NCGh jf L U
,GS N Hh .fjH GQS
.f RGW IQS hCG fEG
cT U 1895 `` Y h
Yd fa cT gh - e
AGdH IA GQ`` WEG hCG - G
bh .GQdG eGS G
FGdG GQ``WEG g e Q``W
Yd jEG cT ``e ReH
hc SfCG jh .LGQdG GQWEG
Y f Sh Q``` U IQ`````dG CG
NGdG GMG GNG H
.k fK FGdG QWEG jJh ,k hCG
MCG dG fb dCG eYh
IOjR ``h ,1896 ``Y fjH
23 EG 3 e G H G YdG
ebEH G MG ,YdG c
gh - jGH EG d e YEG S
GR ``eh .HG MdG Y je
Y c e af G GH nr jo

Tadreeb #6.indb 55

jRL L S
q 1860 Y h
,fa e H gh ,QGf JEG
NGO GMG hCG GNG IAGH
a RZ JQGOE SGh .jv Q Lf
.a Zh dG c ch ,dG
cG e e IY H QGf CG EG
YdG He d eo
p SG
r dG
s
QGf cQ bh .G eh QGh
k G
.FGH IQS ck jC
fCG Q``W ,1885 ``Y h
IM Y c - H Qch O JL
dG YHQ h``H ``c`` hCG IQGOE c O Sa .Lf
c H cQh .H jQf LGQO
Ia ```Hh .``` Y ```H ```c``e
fjH -H OQGhOEG U Ib
QG``J ```Y ```H `` LGQO .hH
GQd dG dG QJ
eEG ````U ```a .````f``a ``` d``G
jdG - Q``f``H jQh QSad
q
hCG JQS - ce cT
.O QGJ fch .1890 Y
IQS hCG QSad
q fCG dG dG h
ce O IOh``e h``H
IQdG g eSG
r bh .ee
SdG i`` ` NCG ``` FG``` dG R````dGh
EG ``` G IQ`` b d (``jR``` G)
SdG g fch ,G dG
.LGQdG eG d He

YG eYh .LG d
,iNCG Y X ,G g M e
cG ```J CG j `` fCG J PEG
e GQdG Sd IU jQdG
cG ```J CGh ,dG MdG
.HG IQ```dG ```fE dG dY
fUh cG g e J dh
,dG ```d fh .Gk ` ` c j
h .v jQJ jQdG IQdG TJ
jNCG cT aCG ,1924 ``Y
INCG cdG i``MEG fch fS
.jQdG GQd fdG
FHdG IQdG
jGdG FHdG IQdG fc
.jQdG GQ`````dG ``e ``M`
k ` ``cCG
.jQdG WSH IQdH OhJ fch
v T LGhQ
k FHdG GQdG bh
dG Sh ,FOg fc fC k jS
h ,FGdG jdG NOCG e dNh
L e %38 Je H 1900 Y
fc jQdG dh .GQdG e
dG aG e hCG YS e
GQdG e b OY a .J CG
cCG YH j CG FHdG
IOYEG j ch ,YdG c32 e
Hh .``c 80 ``c ``bCG Y T
a %7 f Je fc ,1905 Y
jdG YG GQdG L e
.IG
hdG GP IQdG
bdG af dG IQdG Cf
G`` MG `` jJ ``Y ```V``G
G`` MG ``c`` ``f``ch ,``` NG``dG
Y a .GRdH J hCG NGdG
dh jdG G U 1820
e N QfH QGj ck S
1838 ``Y h .AG``` dGh LhQdG
dh ``g `` NBG ``` j``H `` U
.ObdG N j ck fQH

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:55 PM

cQe
GQdG AH CGHh ,IG jdG
eCG bh .Od Hb AGLCG GSH
d Od HdG AGLCG GSG
,MUEG hCG f RGdG e IQS CG
J GM AG``LCG e fc PEG
.a G kMGh k e GRk GW Fd
g ```j``eCG YdG ```dh
Y GQd dG fEG M
s OQa
Y a .``NBG fEG CG e cCG f
e ```fEG N OQ``a CfCG ,1913
j c M ,e GQd
jh .G Y H IQdG g
Y IQdG H fL c Y dG
r o fc dG AG``LCG aVEG jW
n
dG g Y f bh .bf QH dEG
.dJh fEG eR V VfG
jhJO OGhQ
GQdG ``Y````U Q``` J A`` ` `KCG
je UCG e YS ,jeCG
UH ``` J ````MG```Vh ``jh``JO
dP a .IY SC GQd dG
c Y jhJO fc ,``G
G kce fch ,BG TQhh HG e
YUh ``g``dG jM G`` aCG Yd
je ``f``c c .``j````dG ``c```G
fE FQ
k G kce e jdG a
.G g dG aGh HdG
k G jhJO Jh
H jhJO f Y jC
k aJ
.idG GdG fGe EG Ge
H R fc dG FdG IG dh
g i``NCG fEG cGe Y jhJO
GQdG YU OGhQ e c OY OLh
: eh LdG
S b CG``H : R`` `dhCG ``` jEG ````fGQ
Ie dhCG YCH dH ,jdG
h .FHdGh jQdG cG J
hCG JQS U ,Y e jdG
.QdH J Y H IQS fch
HeRdhCG ``c```T SCJ Q``` Th

Tadreeb #6.indb 56

Gfc jeCG G dh .IM Y

e dG ```fEG J ej
YU Y SdG dG ```SGhCG
Gh jQdG SCc e
Gj CG G e ``c G``d .QG``G
eh .GQdG YU Y dG g
M dG fEG GSG Ss n Jn CG
jeCG GQdG QSCG fG
e jc SfC
k G q e dG iG EG
c jdG dG ``FGhCG h .FGT
CG IG jdG G eEH
dG GQdG e J H e Qj
.jeCG QhO 1000 e bCG gS j
RdG e O``M H jj G``g ``ch
c dG ,G dP fCG HhQhCG
e cCH Jh jv hj j GRe e
.QhO 2000
RG``W h``` c ``NQD``e `t`` `o `jn h
``fCG I``` 1901 ``` d ``` H``eR``dhCG
fEG SSCG Y fCG IQS hCG
e cCG ,IQdG g H bh .H
Ach U AGLCG e ,b IQS CG
e EG FH ``n ``p ```o Th ```LQ``N
IN dG ``` fEG ```Jh .dG
q eY ,1904 Y e
g J
GQd jOc cT IQGOEG fd .

FS a j M ,dG Gg ebEH
Y b U) b RW e GQS
dG dG ae b EG (1905
.YS K e bCG ,c 85 hJ
GQdG YU KCJ
jGdG e GQdG Yd c
.HdG hdG ObG Y V KCJ
OGORG ,GQdG ```fEG OGORG eYh
q `H dG
Gh P``` dG Y OG``W`
.iNCG dGh dG BGh LdGh
GQdG YU YT JGP bdG h
YGdG ``` JG``dG ```e````bCG ``j```J
.UEGh eGh d
IG jdG GQdG YU
jdG GQdG YU
Gk KCJ eY KCG bh .YH IG
hCG .``j``` ` dG ``` ` dG G`` g G`k `` c
Y jdG S OG VfG
bT V ```f ``` M `````cG
jdG iOCG a .1901 Y SJ
J EG ````dG ````N``dGh ``aG``dG
.v f e H GQdG
J J dG edG ch
;GQdG YU Y dG ```fEG
e `````SG ,1900 `` Y ````a
IQS c d Ie aM GQdG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:56 PM

.
.
bh .1912 d jOdG GQS
jhd GvM JGdG dG e Vh
hdG jhdG ``c PEG ,``jv h``j G
.fk MCG Gk Nh Yeh
k U
k
-1914) hCG dG `` G
GQdG gCG G XCG .(1918
VGZCd i`` `NCG ``` dBG ``` c``Gh
k G KCGh ,jdG
FGW gCG jC
.GQdG YU dG fEG
eJ ,1914 Y e S
eo Sa
r ,jQH f fCG TG
OG d jG I`` LCG GQ````S
k fdG
.dG L EG k jS f
Y "ILCG GQS L" YS bh
ce fCG TG J ```jEG
f cG ``g fa .hCG Q``G
b ``` fC `` G hCG ``` ` dG
.jS f RG``MEG fCG Ua Y
HHdG e hCG dG AG SGh
k G dG Gg h .1916 Y
PfEG jC
CG G ASG e fdG GOa
IjL GOGeEGh OL IY Y
.MdH dG L EG f
GQdG YU cT fCGh
jdG G``` G ``e V c
MdG BG G``````a .A``````d
GOGeEGh dG e dGh HHdGh
cT SCGh ,i```NCG jdG
c YU ````k`jCG GQ`````dG
bh .``g``j``` Jh ``` H``G G``F``` dG
YU H eb dG G QhdG YS
IQdG SJ Y G GQdG
.adCe f Sh UH

Tadreeb #6.indb 57

,jGc SH dGh UCG Gk NCGh .jH

Fd k Ff ,jH cT Y ``dG
cT ```H a ````SCGh RQ``J``e G`` L
iNCG FQ jeCG cT gh ,jGc
s c ,1911 Y h .GQdG Yd
dhT cT dhT jdh fGQjO
G JGQS RMCG dG GQd
fGQjO OSGh .Gk Te M
dG
k
.1916 Y RQJe GL Y IdG
GL cd FQ
k UCG dG ,Tf eCG
ch SG a ,1912 ``Y RQ``J``e
.GQd Tf cT
fc : OhO SGQgh L GNCG
Y h .``LGQ``dG ```UCG j
fe BG TQh aG ,1901
H eb e YSh ,``jh``JO
Lh .OQ`` ` ah R`` ` dhCG ``e ```d ````dG
UNh
Y e IhK OhO GNCG
k
Y h .OQ``a SC Jje e
fc dG JGQS fEG CGH ,1914
dG hCG jeCG GQdG H e
MCG bh .dG e c L U
gSh IjG OhdG IQS hG
.t RGdG e k b YCG c PEG
GQdGh dG dG
dG dG jS J M
dG eCG ,GQdG YU Af H
fk eCG ``cCG GQ````S ``` fEG Y YS
k
e jh .J
SCGh MGQ cCGh
YNG dG ,FHdG JGdG dG
FQ M 1911 Y c dQJ
cs Q ``bh .GQdG YU QJ
e hCG G``fCG RQJe GL cT

Y h .1899 Y jhJO Qd
H fEH cdG g CGH ,1901
gh ,G eG GP HeRdhCd
U bh .dG e hH IQS
d eG e
m T Y VQCG
.k fCG k bGh Md
k
k fe HT Y : OQa g
,1896 ``Y h .``jh``JO Seh
k
dG hCG LdG JQS OQ``a U
,1903 ``Y h .h```d``H J fc
fc dG GQd OQ``a cT SCG
,hCG cT NCG a ,ddG cT
.fdG cT ``J WH H ``fCG c
Y t RGW IdG JQS OQa fCGh
.v jeCG GQk hO 825 gS ch .1908
j dG dG fEG jW Y h
J e ,G ```fEG dH
e ``ch .I``e H I``e gS
EG iOCG dG G dG Ng OQa
b Y aVCG KK EG fEG IO``jR
RGW IQS 240^000 e cCG EG d
fOCG EG IQdG S fa .jv S t
GQk hO 290 H PEG ,WEG Y d ie
RGdG Gg e ba bh .1924 Y
.k jJ S 20 I iNCG GQdG L
NBG jeCG : ``fGQ``jO HGc dh
.HdG J jW Y Gk fe UCG
jH ``c```T ```Y 1904 ``Y Sh
.j H QfO jO SCG dG GQd
k FQ e
k jH cT fGQjO Lh
dP f h .1908 ``Y GQd
H RQJe G``L cT CfCG ,dG
.QSCGh MCG Ye GQS fEG
dSG ,```d```dG ``e```dG ````Z h
Y ,(G.M) GQk NG S dG cdG
,GQdG Yd Ic i``NCG cT
EG aVEH HeRdhCGh jOc eh
q M ,1910 Y h .je cT IY
cT SFQ fGQjO Tf dQJ

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:57 PM

SGQO
:

dG WY
Wh g`G ih G``gCG jJ
Y K G Y O`YH EG jQdG
.dG F`f
A`YCG L Y SGQdG jLCGh
a` dG dH jQ`dG g
,JJh ebCG ` S`dG
dG ``N jQdG GSQe jdGh
,`g1431/1430 jQdG dG e hCG
.Hk Qe 47 gOY H b h
d Q`G QNG GP dh
dP Y SGQdG ?SGQdG Qe
cCG dG g Q`` `G C` H GDdG
a ;G dG `H Gk KCJh Gk KC`J
q jh ,GQ``` G d `j Q```G e
bG`Gh I`G e d Q`Gh ,AGOCG
bh .`ed v e GQk e j `e
I`N ` Hn `G ZCG c
`H ,G`S 5 e ``cCG jQdG `
GS 10 e ``cCG d e %39 EG
HG dG AGQBG L .I`N
e G kje SGQdG cCGh ,`gG `
.bGG

Tadreeb #6.indb 58

.`g1431/1430 jQ`dG dG e
aeh dG G`g Y`a Sdh
e Vh dG GgCd ie
a dG dG eb LCG
J H M SGQH dG SdG
gGLCG SGQdG .G dG f
dH `` jQGOEG dG H Q``G
,`dG O W`Y SdH dG
H `dG Y Y ``` TCGh
SGQdG gCG Jh .``G dU
j dG `jdG V J fCG
,jQdG dG fe e v e fk e
a ;g`jJ he `cQCG MCGh

adG EG hDh``dG S Q``WEG

jQdG JG`Mh L IO``L e
dG jQ`d e`dG SD`G J
d`SCGh ````fCG jH G h
aJh jQdG `dG I`G
JGP dG h .SG jQdG dG
dG jQd edG SDG eb
,G dG f H G h
ch eL G dG Gg
jo dG U`N hO I`Y jY
.jQdG h dG `dH `d
``` ` dG G``` H ``` ` dG CG`` `H
hCG dG e jQdG G`MdG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:35:58 PM



/
.



.
`jdG f C`H HQG Yb
AGOCG Sd IR jW jo G
.HQG
GhOCG jJ IQhH HQG bG
,GQNG Y QbG Y h SdG
.G dG f Sj e Ggh
h ``` ` g``d `` HQ`` G ``` M``e
,jQ`dG A``` KCG Q``` G ``e cdG
,HG GQd fJEG jj
q Ggh
jQJ L Y f dHh
.IOG dY
QG RLG ```dBG ```Vh ``Y
``` dBG ```g ``` ` V``J q ) GQ``` ` ` d
dG ``` jQ``` dG `````dG ``jG``H ```e
.(`g1431/1430
``UdG gCG
UdG e OH SGQdG UhCG bh
: gCG e
H G ````dG ``a```K f
.HQG h HQG
,jQdG FG SGQO IO``YEG
dG f Y Jj SEGh
.J c W M G
gG QG ie aQ
.G dG h
jdG dSh ,dG fhG
.GG e G

Tadreeb #6.indb 59

`G `dG CG Y ```JG
QH G``` dG Y Q```G Y`j
.jQdG jCG a`c
dG `` ` ` f Qh`` ` H ``Y``` ` dG
dH h QG ie `aQ G
dG `` `L`` ` IO`` ` ` L IO`` ` ` `jR
.jQdG
jQdG TG GdG gCG OjORG
GdG IQhH QG YJ QhH
dG f jQdG jCG QH
.G
d eQU fGb Vh IQhV
``cQG``J q e ``gh) HQG Z
.(IjG FdG
d oJ C ``HQ`` `G J
Z GPEG SG QGdG QNG jG
.e J Y QG
Y`SCG G `dG MU
dG Gg J h ,i`NCG hO OG`
a eCG dG H GQG L Y
.f
JG YS OY Se Y
J b c , Jj Qd YSCG
cG Y G dG Y
.GQG
k d P` Vh IQh```V
H
.Q`G OL cJ e

G dG `e
G dG ```SGQ``dG ``a``Y
IO Ie `jHJ Y :``fC` H
Lh ,ee Y d eh
CH QGb PJ eGSG H dOCG
,jHdG SdG hCG gG hCG HQG
.Vh q dG GgCG CH hCG
,LGdG : ````dG G``g GhOCG ``eh
,dG G ,IcG ,jQdG
.gZh ...,dG SCG ,QGhOCG d
G dG `d `dG dG eCG
IOL " a SDH ``U``G
."SDG L
SGQdG GgCG
FdG ag SGQdG OM
dG f M HQG AGQBG ae
hCG `dG N J H G
Sh .`` `g1431/1430 jQdG d
YdG GgCG e jdG EG
,G dG f Ya UQ : gh
G dG f ie ae
jW ,LCG e Vh dG GgCd
f GhOCG QdG ``fG``L ``J
GhOCG jJ c ,G dG
fc GPEG e ae ,G dG f
G dG f J UGG
L IO`` L ``e ``a``dG EG OD` `J
.jQ`dG dG
`SGQdG F``f gCG
e jdG EG SGQdG UJ bh
: gCG e FdG
GSH QGdG U Y JG
dG `H HdG ````dG ```f
.G
gCJ GQhO ``` Vh IQh`` ` `V
f dBGh GSG c HQd
.SDH UG G dG
aj G dG CG Y JG
.GQG RL cCG Ua Qd

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:36:00 PM

SGQO
:




.

`e Q`d S`e f j`
.J `c `W `M HQG
Y MGbG
dG ``MG``bG H ``g h
: SGQdG eb dG
HQd gCJ GQhO J
``` ` d ````H``````````SG EG `` `` ` J
;SDH ``U``G G ````dG
Qh``H ````dG ``e Q`` G j M
H gj dHh ,Lh MCG Y
GPEa .jQdG dG Ya
dG ``` f ```a ``e Q`` `G ```
S da a `dG dBG h G
O````TQEGh ,Q`````d ``dP J Y
G`g ``X ``dC` ` dGh ,``` ` dG ``j```d
.`dG
gCH QG Yh i`e `aQ
U`a IO```jR QhO h ````dG G`` ` g
HdG Y G dHh ;dG
. bh bCG

dHh ,jQdG dH bdG

d`Y jQJ L Y G
.IOG
`` dG c `` jJ
SG ```` `dBG O```` `jEG ``` Y ``` ` J
UG G dG f d
``` ` dG `` `g `` ` `` `Jh ,````````SD````H
q ` e) ``g``` G IQGOEG ``e ````Y ``e
je ``HQ``e `` KKh ,(``G
dG I`Mh e `Yh ,G d
.jQdGh
SGQdG g Se H QSG
;G dG f J UGd
Gg QhH e HQ`G CGh U`N
,QG ie e a`dG dG
dG `L IO``L IO`jR `dH
.jQdG
fSG `` g ``e A`` L IO`` ` YEG
a ``K``K ``` H CG `` M `` bh
J ``e jQJ `Y H) jQJ
`` cCG hCG (``` ` ` ` G ``````dG `` ` ` f
ie `` `e ```cC` `` `dG Q`` ` `` `fG )
.(LG
HQG OY j CG Y UG
e JG M) v de YdG NGO
dG ```f `` E (dG
.G
H `` `bQ``dG dG GSG
GSG Y d ``dPh ;h```dEG
Hd AGS Q`MCGh QdG e dG
jQdG `dG `N jdG BG hCG
dG `f) ` ` ` g1431/1430 hCG
.(G

UN jQdG TG QhO ``YO

```Gh dG QhO aY eH
H G ````dG ```f ```EG
e GQhO H hCG dG
.jQdG OTQEG
eG`` Uh ``k eM cCG fGb qS
YG Q`` ` `G G`` ` `dG ``e ``a``` d
gCG aK SZ dHh ;GV``G
.bdG
q
dG J ```j CG IQh`` ` ` V
GQ`` G hCG dG Y G
`eAe `g J CGh ,jJ h``H
;G dG `f J fheh
`H `dG J d `dG qC

Tadreeb #6.indb 60

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

6/23/10 12:36:00 PM

Tadreeb #6.indb 61

6/23/10 12:36:01 PM

OCGh IQGOEG

.IjH dG dG Y

G CG ij a ;fG J fEG H WdG e fCG gh

l Lj a ;f GeCG eCGh
Gj eh ,e eCG h e N
Qh ,jNBG id dG J Y l H g k Gk eCG SdG H
e jNBG id g ,gf GvL OY
x H
m SdG H b
fEG PEG ;GvL
N
cG
Gg
KC
G
E

a
ddh
!ICGGh IeG
l
YdG f jW Y fCG G U Y dG EG aj
M ,GbEG H e eCG j eY H f dG QGYCG Y
,eCG e bGdG g H , eCG CH fk MCG f
.Y dG j k gh G dP c EGh
aH IOGQEH Sj dG
l AT HCa H N ie Y eY 4q a PEG
ek Y j
G J f Y J G gh
dGh dG CG dP ;gMh OJ CG J Jd d ,HdG
f AKCG dG H H ,aH Sj - G f M EG M
m e J f fEG hX EG H ,MdG J
ae v ej aj fk fEG bh .I``MGh MdG fc dh M
g Z jh j H ,Gke c e N Y J
Y fCG Oq f Cs G j fEa PEGh !T q c H !SCG c aG
g d ;fCG e e
k YT f H ,QGYCG g e
Y cdG j f bdG h ,OG dG EG JbW Lfh
gH eCG j eY aG H Y cdG e cCG dG g
H ,k e dP j dG G CG Y .eeCG d QN
.G EG fEG f j M (G) `H b
gG dh QG g dG QdG
`` ` `J `` ` ` ` ` ` eEGh `` ` `` `` `J `` ` `eE` ` ` a Ha dG e T c GPEG
Zh O``` ` dG ``bQ``` J GPEG c EG ````dG Q````dG ``eh

Tadreeb #6.indb 62

hOh``g e ,G dG jQdG e Y BG KK
NQDeh AH GQk he SQah dGh dG AMh jZEG QDG
he c hCG Vh dG jEG 3ae Mh ,G
g dG ,IQOdG QaCG e Y UN fCG dP c ,IOdG
jG ADg j Y KdGh dG UH M Qd f
Qe X YGb GZjh ,dG e Gd ,NQDGh
gQaCG aGhh Yh e SdG e q J ,LCG ie Y G
hCG IFdG G d k d hCGQ IH Ghfh ,bh
,SG e SG ,g c X GhOCG g d .d GvOe
.f e e fh
GZa ,QhdG Gg HdG AGT SQe NBG fG h
Y dEG j c dG YGdG g e JjY Y J e
IGhdG dhGa ,IG SQ G dG hCG G e l f fCG
J
x T H ,jG dG M gG dG e fhG K
dH gQhO bG jdG LGh SdG AYh NQDG Y
d ,jhd J
x T Z ,f hCG GMCG KEG Y d
CG Y .AGdG GhOCG Y G JGhOCH AG QhO GSQe
a ,dH dG a j ,UN k f AGdG j
k gP FdG JCG e IgG J c ,FGdG e f G
.dN
k
dG AGT MCG G dG HCG ADg SCGQ Y c bh
H ,SdG ZTh fdG de fCH M Y Uh dG ,SdG
k GR
Y dCG d M ,hdG Jh aG H ZH ,Sd ZT
eG T Qjh ,Y dDj Gj h ,c e S e cCG
Y J fEG H ,c e Y dCG Y Ib J IjL bG
.gZh FGGh IQdGh dc ;jG G GSH
e fL Y AdG S dG g e hCG AG h
Y jce ,IG LGe dSCH J YdG G``g M
k SQe e e ,G bGe e ed jUh
H a
UhCG d SQ UdG J e eh ,k bO k Uh Ua
,ffEG dG QG``ZCG H j e G g ee h ,H
fCG YCG dG e m jZ Ql eCG gh ,YRGfh ,gjN aeh
.dEG S
f Ql eCG g H ,e eCG h e N
k eCG dG Gj e EG eCG eh dG aJ e EG G eh
hC hJ fc EGh !?IdG g dG dG J jY CG

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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Zh g Y j e MVh
gcCG d ,H Z Qe
k
eRCG G AD`g j b H ,FGe Ad AGdG e
,gjYQ Y FGdG J FGdG Va EG gJ b de
jYdG ADg aj bh .gjYQ Hh H AdG iY gj
Gg j a gh ,Ua hCG QGdG EG fGh OdG EG
.d HJ AS H L Y j e cG
g gCGh ,j dG OdG g OH
OUCG Z ``fOCG gCG h aGG ``Z ``` ` fEG ``` H `` eh
J bh ,gCGh H HJ dG fEG WGY Y G kH
: CG e AGdG H db ak Nh ,JMW e Jh ,bGe
G`` c ``` Y G``` ` V EGh `` ` `gCGh Il jY `q `` Y Q`` `L EGh O`` `H
a j e g Whh fEG H CG ij dG HCG Ea
iNCG GkO``H CG a YJh dh dG OH fcCG Al GS ,eGH
dhCG a gCG eCG ,dG dGh jG a La dEG aS
HJ hCG hdh jdG gCG Gdh ,fc m a CG e e bOdG
CG dP ,AjbCG EG J j IYb gh ,fGX H
dG j dG fEG cJ e Al L gCGh WdH dG
.e
dG OdG H Jh ,IH dG g dG HCG W dh
db GkOOe ,eCG Obhh ,dG JY ,aQh db H MhGJ
: OH Y QG
q
!j
r CG L HCG e ?J eh ?mIH c fCG e : dj
: gCG Y dbh
Oh`` ` H `` ` a ``` ` ` ` Hh H GaT ``H aT eH ``e
: UN
OCG M ,d k e ,H k Wf dG HCG c Gg
.JM UJ
fdG de ,HdG YT ,G G H MCG dG HCG (1)
gHCGh dG AGdG YCG (``g354- ``g303) ,SdG ZTh
.Gk cP
k
484) OG b eG dG TY v jZEG NQDe c (2)
....(. 425 GM - .
c dCG ,djEG fQa dh (1527- 1469) ae (3)
OLh Y cCGh ,NCGh SdG H dG a bh (eCG)
.SdG QJ jdG :ahG dH TGh ,H HGQ CG
.H j dG dG M : OdG . VCG dG a (4)
gh ,Gv ` L J k b edG fch ,edG A``bQR g (5)
,gDhGYCG Lj M ed bJ fch ,gf IH IQG
,e hj eb L , Gk T CGQ fCH JQfCa
.Y Gbh gDhGYCG gCLa

Tadreeb #6.indb 63

K ,k M c H ,G g EG Z dG HCG j
gH e UCG d M ,AGh AGdG e h``NBG J
g ,Y db
m U fCG Z Y dG HCG e d ,QeCG
M e c g H , Y e j dG dG dM
e Y OYd Hh ,jHh FMh Z jY e GPEG dG
gh ;FdG G J dG g fC ;dG jOG H
Gg C ;OYG hCG v Ff OSG ;jeCG MCG e eeCG QN
.G fCG a eCG
LG gQJ jdG LdG Y e
k j e G``gh
C ;Y bGe gQNG iS eeCG S a ;``bG``G
a gh ;LdG gOCG Yj b G Gh G gG
aG d jYh AH Xe NG : Gdd IQGOEG AY AL
AcCG Z Y OYa ;IQdG d J eY dPh ! YH
!MCG Y OYG Y e NCG
dG Y J IdG
Y gGhS Y f GPEG fC 5u ` ` L A`` ` bQR ``e ``` ` HCGh
ee YCG e G gQb dG IYdG g fc Q
e dG CG ij a ,Gk c OdG Y cj dG jY
k Y
k H jh ,IPf IH Rj
;KCG Oh fEa QeCd
eb QM dG edG AbQR e HCG fCH f Uh a
J J a , l T g gf eOb jZ TC
m G e
M ,Gh dH gJG M eb j h G Gg
GQk TCG Gb b Gfc jdG AG``YCG OL gCLa GUCG GPEG
Y GdSa . dEG MR AKCG hdG gGj d H hj
IH j d M edG AbQR GJ e c a .ghOHCGh
!J
q IPf
J e Ik GOCG QYH dG dG Y G cj g
gJ e H PEG ,Iae eG fc dh M ,IGOCG CG Y
S fEa EGh ,L Y G k``HCG j mL Hh h
a k ge J hCG ,d b QdG e GcCG EG GMCG MCG
.IQG e lGQGb Y
G Y G
Y ````H ``c l ` q a c ``d``e ``` ``H `````j `` a
fR `` Gh AG`` ` YCG Q`` M GPEG c ``` G `` `dG ``H``J `` ` Hq Oh
b fdG e h de q `b fdG a
IdG Y S eY Hf b Gg "G K G K G"
j g gh !Y dCG b G db Ggh ,d adG
G H RdG bY jh ;G LdG H G IQGOEG Y
CG jj (YdH dG) bY Y J fCG Y Gh
e eRJ
k cCG hCG ibCG bY Ca ,AGYCG HQ dG
!?bdG g
````H Yj ```ch Y ```M G ``M d

2010 dj/fj - `g1431 LQ

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INCG

..

Hd J M ebEG Y jQdGh dG SDG U

fL ``e Jh YH ```G ``g h ,S H HQeh
G Y G jdG eG ON SCGQ Yh dhdG dG IOdG
dG Y dhDGh WG AGeCG Ujh ,- G j - jdG Y HG
.a cQGh jYQh YO Y WG ac jQdGh
NH VY jWh aGgCGh U dG M Jh
J G dG SDGh eG fc GPEGh .ebEG e dG
YdG E` a ;a dG Mh jN OG``YC`H IO``` TEG EG
JYeh dG HQCG id JL jJ EG J jQdG SDGh
.Se Xh Ua Y G
jQd edG SDG h - jQdG SDG dG h
IQdG J j ``NBG ``g - UG ``Lh Y Gh dG
AdG Sf G M SZh ,G dG Y G OGaCG id gdG
dG ee e GAk L G J J CG j H .Y H dGh
.eG g gCG AG d Te fEG f CG h ,jQdGh
.OhG HCG EG bGh fCG EG e M EG k jZ j b dG Gg CG ZQh
jd VQe hCG ,Xd e G g MU e GPEG UN
k
Gfc AGS LG i``NCG VQe hCG ,YdGh XdG H
.HQe CG Hk W
cCG gQYH - Gh dG jQd edG SDG fc GPEGh
eh Ya QhH J - OdG dG jQJ edG G
IjL aVEG G g e Ea ; bh SCH HQe J
Y EG Nd d UdG aJh , dG XJ SDG Qhd
.fEGh dG
Gk KCJ cCGh eG G J b d jdG G g EG
;jQdGh jQdG Yb GS Gb jdG jG ADg Ie
jG a Oj Se J CG Y G g J CG j Gd
"JEG"h JGg bQCG a dOjh ,jQdGh dG JSDe
.dG

Tadreeb #6.indb 64

jdG FQ

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Cover.indd 3

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Cover.indd 4

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