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6/22/09 8:51:51 PM

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jCG c fk MCG J dG dG YS
aJ dG ZQ dch ,SCG
e NO N e "Xh ``eCG"
gGHEG QcdG jh .HK ``LCGh
b j dG EG : G
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jQG SJ feEG dch Iq ` G
IG YCG gQJ dG NdG IOjRh
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h e OG j b d GAk he
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k
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CG dG G YdG k V hCG
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J M dG DhJ Y HLEd
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: G gGHEG .O
eGdH ``jdG GA``dh ,VhdG ``Y G GAG``LEG ``J
eRCG e hG eGY gCG ..HQG gCJh ,jdG
15
Tadreeb #4.indb 15

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:16 PM

`` ` G

iG Y K iNCG eGH LJ
gCG eh ,hdG Qh HdG hCG G
fhdEG ``HG``H O``Lh : G````G ``g
jYd ee efHh ,dG d
ie Y Ya
k 20 e cCG jQG
Y G J EG aVEG ,G
,jQG fCH UG NGdG
S I J jYQ efdG aJh
d h````G Y ``e ec
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L OL JJ EG G YOh
dh jQdG GMdG edG
id G dG aK d SDG
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Y LGJ CG dG dG SC
;dH UG jQG hCG efdG
efdG ej ``e ``gCG ``e E` a G``dh
q
ac Jh dG
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eh ,jQG e dG
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Me UdG CH eRL
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f CG G ..jOGh ZGd d
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c ,jQdGh dG GQNGh dG
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jQd FGa hH G MdG
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q
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efdG Y dG j dG f dG
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CG EG QWEG Gg ka .q G dG
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g CGh ,dhO IOTEH j IdG
c - SDG j k jb fk hJ
eh SGh IdG BG
e jG dd - dhdG dG
EG k S g CG Vjh .efdG
e Me ``c ``N ``e``f``dG jJ
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dd efdG e IOSG
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dG GAGLEGh MG Mh
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H gGHEG QcdG j jQG g
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Y `````dG ``` bEG ```d G
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: G gGHEG .O
XdG eCG aJ ZdGh ,G LCGh ,LCG aG
IG YCG Y jG bEG Y SCG gCG
2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 16

dG jQdG

16
6/22/09 8:52:17 PM

.UG H dG dhGe EG Oj
f CG ``e gO G ``` jo h
J - IdG B````G ``e I```c
N e cC hJ - %70 OhM EG
jQG g e jdG CG ZQ GS
adG IQGh IG HUC aGJ
k
jQe ``` fCG ``Y a
,`` ` `JQGOE
jdG j dG CG EG Lf W
.H hCG J d e
H dG Y Ajh
Ic MHQC
k G h jQG g
e ``cCG A``G j ``dG ``b``dG
k .``MO``c IM HUCG d
,GQGh ,AcdGh ,dG ie CH
,JGh ,fGh ,dG GOYh
EG ;hdG Gg k S J b QeCG
a e CG EG dP dG Lj fCG
G jd j jQe
hCG ,Ih`` dGh dG d UG
Md eDj H ZU Gj
.dG e Je e EG UdG
- G Qcd ``k `ah - jh
YhG g d gG G
dG J Y G IQ``b ie
jQG g UCG IQb aQh ,G
h Ie de GdG Y
.Y
m K GP
bEG Yh MEG CG cDj ddh
NdG Y dG dG jN
H j b IdG YhG
g e QH YhG H aG b
dG dG jdH gKCJ
G a QcdG Ojh .dGh

c .``jQ BG KK Qb S Ih
YO e eG SDG g OGR
d J gCJ GQhO ebEH d
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ZQ : G a QcdG jh
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MG UdG JG ZQ H UG
fU jQc IOe d
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IQGOEGh ObG c ch ,YG

dG ```e```H dG hD` ` ` ` d
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b jYd G G QhH dH
YO Jh TdGh IdG BG
hGh G Md "JGQ" T

: G a .O
AH e gdG dGREGh ,jN id QdG dG a J j
dG hG
17
Tadreeb #4.indb 17

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:19 PM

`` ` G

J jOdG Z e aG Z
dG jN ME hCG dG
YCG ebEG Y dG gGh dG
dP Gk e ,IdG jQGh IG
SGh IdG TQdG e C`H
j `` dG O`````dG ``Z
vjT ``jQ ``dCG - b AcG
k
,fe H G dJ C - e
e OdG dG j d dHh
dG dG j H .ae
;IeG YJ dG G adG
c dh M G NdG hP Xa
k
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fSG ``Y EG ``k ` YGO .``M H
AY SQj CGh ,dG edG GH
T CG c .J H LG

dG EG gdG a g e
Y Y H a Xh Y d
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Jh dG Y OYG e FHCG
.G dG
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H gOGYEGh ,IdG YhG
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dG CH OYG CN Y
IdG JYhe jG H
jObG JGQe Y SSC
k G j
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IQGOEGh ObG c ch jh
dG dG jN e CG EG
Y ``````d `` gOG`` YEG ```Y G``H``J
d IO`` e ``dhG``e hCG ,``` ` Xh
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.Gh
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G kcDe .de T N EGh Ak GLEG
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e ```d ``L``` dGh I`````dG ``jQ````Gh
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Y IQH YJh ,NGO QdG
dch ,Ieh HK de N SQ
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jN ``H ``` dG CG EG jh
CG YCG LQ AHCGh dG dG
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hCG I``` SCG b e Ak G```S - cdG
e hCG Xe Gfj CG Y - dG
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: UdG gGHEG
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G Gg LdG PdG RGHEGh ,SGQdG gG
2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 18

dG jQdG

18
6/22/09 8:52:19 PM

VhdG e jW Y IOY j CG j
IQSGh CG``d``H YOh ``eR``dG
IQGRh e eG G e dGh
.jdGh IQdG
j ``dP CG Y OJ fCG EG
G Y edG dhDG
CG EG J M ;gO eG
dhDG J e GAk ``L j A``HBG
FHCG h J Y jW Y
Y hCG ,G d G Y JHh
Ad d jGh dG IYG J
.jdG Gg U H
CG EG HdG GY H fQ cDJh
eCG Z j dG H jG
dG EG GG d aq e Ph
Gk gH M
dN e GUh ,``G
k
e AH Geb c ,JM
IQhV EG YGO .YEd Yj H
jJh ,P````dG ``g ``e IOSG
jdG d k eo GkOGR d JGN
,``G Gg hCG IG hDhj
- PdG J J j CG j fCG c
jOOG EG - M dG dG Y
,HdG dH j jdG ADg hCG
IFdGh I``G ```YCG IK Vd
.a d dG
ce Ije YJ G Gg e
EG dH ``` YCG GS hD` ` T
dG fG b ```Vh j CG
Y ``G dG ab EG jOdG
N G YdG ac ILCG SCGQ
Y N Vh j CGh ,G IdG
G`k `N j ``dG LdG G``g d
- dG dG Ld Gc
k
gh .AGS M Y Gh - gZh
JJ ``Y EG j ``d ``dG `` eCG
SCGQ Y ``JC`j I``j``Y ```L O```L
AdhCGh dG YdGh dG IQGRh
.QeCG

19
Tadreeb #4.indb 19

ae P
G````S hD````T ``c``e I``j``e `` eCG
G```Y ```H `` fQ dH `` ` `YCG
IQ``` TE``H `````NG``e CG``` a ``` H``dG
jdG j ObG ``X ``fCG EG
SGh IdG dG ``U``a ``e
O``` ` ` dG O``` ` ` bG ``` e I``````dGh
jG HT e Cj ``G
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LdG ``gh .``` dG dG HdG
ObG CG CG QYH J ``dG
FXdG Y GkOYG j CG
CG EG f bdG Ie .HdG
g edG Obd IOaEG cCG LdG
Ic Y Ua aj dG G dG
OG``aCG Y Gc
k `k `NO Q``jh ,IOeh
Lj `` dG `` eCG .```a ```e```dGh
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e gZh dG dG LG
G dG CG QYH ,dG SDe
hdG CG``H dG ``eCGh G
GTCG bh ,dEG dG idG
bdG f ,f LdG Ic
HdG dG Y bEG a CGH dG
dG G dG eCG vY DhdG
Gh OGaCd ``cCG dG j
.AGS M Y
OLh Y CG EG HdG fQ Jh
Y EG iOCG ````VGh ``` dBGh N
YCG d jG T J
dH dhDG b ``Yh ,I``G
GAGLEG d iNCG YdG e
e gh ,dG ADd UG YCG

EG SdG YLG ``eCG

e j `` IdG ``` YCG b
.HPL
fdG QGh eG jh
IdG jQG f Ld k YO ed ``e``bEG ``` SQ `` aQ j CG SdG de LJh ,OdG ``Z
``` YCG ``YO jOU EG ```a```VEG
dG AG``LEG gh ;jQdGh IdG
HjEG QhdG H S fCH j
jj CG hO QLCd ``fOCG M jd
c .Qd dG jdG f e
YCG gCH YdG J j
dP GQOEGh ,Xd jc IdG
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PdG Y ```YEG ``F```Sh ```c``Jh
jOdG GQO``` G `` LdG
k ``HCG gjJh
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J - G S Y - HdG hdG
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k SCG Gg
k .jG
FdG CH dP Y de
KCG (jQ dfhQ) SCG jeCG
cT SDe Y SdG N iMEG
TQh e fG fCH Uh dG (HCG)
d VGG de Aa IU
.dH dG cT cCG e IMGh
OjEG IQhV EG UdG Yj c
hCG dG V eCdG e d M
jQG UCG NdG hCG IadG
jOdG gJ CG Y .```U``G
OdG edG Yd LG eG
.LdG Gg YO

EG iOCG VGh dGh N OLh Y : HdG fQ

,IG YCG d jG T J Y
IQdG H c OG JJh

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:21 PM

GQHG

..IjH dG dG MG

j jL QHG "1- S"

HdG dG e
dG fi H gGHEG .
AHdG H dG dG FQ
.IjH dG dG

H CLj ``dG FHdG dG IQ```N ```T

ILCH hCG AH fSG EG Y gj jdG H
b dG QGdGh cG UGJ c ,a VJ Hc
H HG gd N dG H d Vj
e - ODJ dG QeCG gh .HdG QdH d VdG
J jdG dG e OGYCG IM AfG EG - gZ
gOLCG fc CG H Ieg L EG djh AHdG
k
.Wfh
jM
H gGHEG SG IG IQG g aOh
QdG jd QSG RL QHG dG EG dG
Y WCG dG RG gh .Fe VM CG FHdG
.GNG IAGH Y d H Jh "1- S" MU
,dG ceCGh ,HG jG RG jh
j c ,VQCG AHdG fGNh ,QeCG Q``h
ed hj jdG FHdG dG edG ac
.d VJ dG ILCG e
QdG d c jG RG gCG Jh
dPh ,HdG dG d dG b HdG
G eGSG b OGaCd k eCJ dG Gg SCG
QHG jh ,AHdG QOe e jdG FG VGMCGh
adGh ,G eh jdG Y dG SG
cdG EG aVEG ,AHdGh ,JdG cTh ,G
FHc ILCG GSG Y j dG SDGh
dGh ,VQCG HdG Gb j hCG AH JJ
.dG
VQCGh AH FHdG jdG H"1-S" jh
J J CG bG eh ,G H jh .WdG
feEGh TCG OJh fhH j c ,b LfEG
.dG ceCG eGSG
2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 20

dG jQdG

20
6/22/09 8:52:22 PM

..NdG a RL

ObdG M AKCG RdG d Yk GOh

NdG dU H Qe
.IjH YdG G H Qe

YCG jh G IFGO NGO dG VJh T (9

.HdGh
.Jga e SGhdG dGREGh NdG J (10
: a RG fe eCG
.Y g
.ObdG GN
.Obd VM
.ObdG f HfCG
.ObdG S e
bJ M dG T NGO ObdG V d hc
.G Jh
IOe Yb NdG a RL e Jh
dG d LP
RG j M ;jQdG dG
k
e Oj M .hdEG G Me AKCG HQd
.HQd eG AKCG jQdG Y
G e NdG dU H Qe G CG cj
OG``YEG e e eHO
k jh ,`` g1405 Y IjH G
.IjH YdG G H Hk Qe jh ,HQG

.GMCG ZCG d aGdG gh ,QHG CG k FGO LG

dH Gh dG jQdG QG Gj ddh
NdG d RL QHG Y NdG dU H Qe
dG eCG ,dG T NGO J G Y CG M M
RG j ddh ,ObdG M Y Ige e J
ObdG TH - ``g1427 Y NdG HG dG - jG
.e VM
J T P a NdG a RL Uh eCG
-: ef Y j
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.(SFI) bdG f -
dG J IOe FGa jG Rdh
: ddG
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21
Tadreeb #4.indb 21

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:23 PM

e T

: G M dG GQd G cT IQGOEG FQ Ff

e g AfEG EG YOCG
jdG OQGG jd
U Y j ``dG H G jdG Y H M dG GQd G cT IQGOEG FQ Ff OTCG
GQdG Me BG M c
m Z G Gg CG EG QTCG fCG EG .G Gg dhdG eJ dG YdG EG k a ,jQdG
Y IQG LddG g cGe d JGSG Vh Vj dG eCG ;YdG G IOG LddG
- e JLCG dG QGG - G jdG Y H M dG bh .IUCG ac
g AfEH MGbG
k
c .JGAGLEG JhdG QG Y Jh ,e fGe GP Jh ,edG H JJ ,jdG OQGG jd e
c dG Y IOLG cG e J e IU dhdG gaJ dG IdG OQGG QSG IQOG gCG EG d
.G ac d dG gCdh ,f
dG Y G dG aK Z Gke ,dG LddG dSCG Y dG jQJ gCG EG G QTCGh
e JOSG M EG dG hO GfG K GhdG bh Abh e Y SG J e Ic f dGRe jdG
fC Lf cT fCG GQd G cT IQGOEG FQ Ff cCG FdG cdG Mh .d JOaEG hCG dG Gg
OLh Y jk e .H e SDe Hj dG hdGh G bdG EG aVEG ,d dGh dGh H CGJ
. e cCG d jOGh jdG bdGh adG feEG fCG W : JcT Y J fGe
QGSCG g IG dGh dGh idG CH dG EG ej H QGG G jdG Y H M dG jh
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Y `````G ``jQ``` dG Pj
fUh ``dhD` ` ` G ``e ``d``H ``` ` gG
gG Gd SfG
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k
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?H
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a UCG dG dG IdG YdG
dG ee gCG e G kMGh jQdG
gCG e IcQ fCG c ,jG hdG
.G ac QdGh dG FcQ
dhDG fL e YdG Gg CG T h
jYQ Y KCG Mh jQdG gCH
g IOjR FSd Vf Heh ec

2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 22

dG jQdG

22
6/22/09 8:52:25 PM

``gOG``YCG IO``j``dG ``g Q``````SGh

.gP Ua jjCG e f a
g Y d N Vh j dd
J dG dG e IdG INdG
,J ``dhO C dH Ic Ih``K
OQGG QS IQOe EG j eCGh
IU dhdG gaJ dG IdG
dG Y IOLG cG e J e
d dG gCdh ,f c
.G ac
Y ``YOh ebEH gG d
hJ c ..jQdG eGdG e
``eh ?``jQ``` dG ``` ``` ` gG G`` g
e OdG dG i J
cT Jf ```dG ``eG``dG ``N
?BG M
JCj jQdH egG CG T a ,Gh dG gG e bk JG
G bdG Y CG j CG
e vSSCG GAk L jQdG j CG hO
fC dc jQdH fh .Jfe
Y G Ic HU ``LG``f
QdG C ;L H HQe eY jCm G
IH NO dG YdG
UCGh ,``g``Zh GQdG YU
G SdG g jG LddG
.G ac
j jdG dG je Y eCG
Y jQJ IO``jR IQhV iQC` a e
a ,dG LddG dSCG
EG Jj dG dG jQdG EG f
J dG OG QdG Gg ie
edG G``MG UCG M,YdG
``j````EG ````dGh BG ```S``G ``e
QSCG CG c ,GQdG fU SSC
k G
UCG GQdG fUh a ILCG
,``j````H Q``` Jh jd Je
JG e eG Y Vj
.bGdG jQdGh ddG IQH

23
Tadreeb #4.indb 23

adG h ,c dG Uf
YO SDG e ge dh .Y
eh G ie Y jQdG
M HQG gDj dG GQdG e
G Gg e QOGc Gj
Gg CG iQCG fCG EG .S SCG Y
dG dG g H cGj G
G``g ``gO````H ```f ``` dG I``` ` dG
jQdG cG J c .dG
Qda ,G ge EG BG M
CG j `` dG ```eCG ,``v` e``j ``j``j
.iG f Y jQJ QJ cGj
edG HT IAc IOjd bCGh
jd e g AfEG G ac
edG H JJ jdG OQG``G
SCGj CG Y ,UN fGe d jh
ge AfEG aGgCG e j CGh ,jRh
Y .OG iG EG dH J
dG Q``eCG ac dG ``g SQJ CG
Jh jdG OQG`` G jH JJ
jdG OQGa .gjd eT N
``dh``dG hD` ` ` ````dG ```L```dG ``g
,jdG eG ON SCGQ Yh
,- G M - ````dG h ````Sh
.dG jRh e gG Y PJ c
g ``Jh``dG Y OHG CG Th
.MG dG g d hCG edG
S dG ``g A````fEG CG iQCGh
JQH J M LGe Y fYj
IOjR dHh ,dG dG e
ie Y f GPEa ,dG OGYCG
dG ADg e edG c Y
m

LJ ZUh ,dG ie Y jYdG

.IOG FShh jQdG f Wh
O j dG jQdG CG jQ h
dG HJ e hCG aj QT
fEG H ;dhDG dCG Y Gh
J JGSGh ,Se ``bGh
k dG WGG Y
bGG Y a
.HGh
gCGh ``jQ``` dG I``` a Q``` ` Jh
SDe Y fh ,``` VGh H
e R````Jh ``jQ``` d``H ````J ``` ` gh
edG SDG dh ,FShh JfeEG
VGh P`` Gh dG jQd
LJ `` dG ``Y``dGh ``` ` gG G``` d
ZQh .G dG Gg f dhdG
dhdG JJG dG IO``G G```G
CG iQCG fCG EG jQdG YO
.G`k ``c GR ``e LGj ``dG dG
IdG dG JN ``bGh ``e
: gh jU
GDk S dEG Lf CG jf
k
M H jQdG b j GPe
OdG ``jQ```dG ie EG j
GP jd jQdG UCG dG eG
b jDhQ ``eh ?c CT
?gCdGh jQdG
J G ``` G CG ```T jQdG geh ,I```c GkO```L
EG ```U``dG ``` ZG``dGh ``HQ`````H
``a```Gh AGOCG ```bGQ je
hG G CG c .Y ``
dG jQd edG SDG fL e
H Y QcdG e IOH Gh

geh ,Ic GOk L J G G CG T

EG UdG ZGdGh HQH jQdG
EG Y aGh AGOCG bGQ je
G ge EG J jQdG cG CG

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:27 PM

e T
CG EG gCdGh jQdG gCG ZQ
gC Ye Z GR e dG
EG I``` ` dG CG i`` `J `` g ?Gh`` ` ` `Lh
ch ? UCG G jQdG
aK ``e dG HT j
fCG ``e IO`````SGh G dG
?ec H G jQdG
QWEG J dG OG ac ZQ fCG EG Mh jQdG gCG RG``HEG
dG aK Z J ``eRCG f
e Ic a ,HT ``Y ``G
Y SG EG J dGR e dG
GfG K GhdG bh Abh e
Gg e JOSG M EG dG hO
IdG g CG iQCGh .d JOaEG hCG dG
d J J h bh e
e ``` ` fEG b C ,`` G ``b``dG
e ``c j cGT I``` Gh ,j
dG j CG ``Hh ,a Qh``H
c e d IG G ac
.c hCG XdG SG
CG AHBG EG AGf LhCG CG fCG dh
AHCG Sf dG b SH Gj
AD` g ``jQ``Jh ,``g``a``XCG ef e
,FNCG Yh dG Y AHCG
dLCG ddh ,fDhHBG fHQ Ggh
SQG QhO CG c .dhDG
.c dP
IO`````dG ``e``f``H ````c```T ``` sbh
J h``` ` U ``e `````G ``F``X```d
edG SDG jYH jdG OQGG
J ``e ..``` ` Gh dG ``jQ````d
?XdG H VGdG egG

g jOdG dG e b f CG
.dG Gg Y hj jdG
``Y ```M``dG ``` dGh ``dG``dG CG`` H
e ```````Jh `` `` ` YCGh IQ``` ` dG
FdG cdG J c ..jGdG
?gTCG e FY QYH
J FdG cdG CG YCG ,d dGh dGh H CGJ fC
hdGh G bdG EG aVEG
j ,H e SDe Hj dG
d gOGSGh HGJ k S
.jG YCG EG JcH Ud
e JcT CGH a d dHh
JG FSh IQf e fYh dG
e feEGh aGG Vh dGh
Ia rJn UY
n dG cdG bH
jGdG fch .Gh HQCG
QdG Q``eCG CG``Hh ,dhCGh H
ch ,hdG fEG G SJ H
EG e fGh ,JcT QJ
.Ic c MQ Y
``e `` ` ` a `` ` e `` ` ` ` cCG `` ` `` `` `Y
GQ`````dG ``` ` gCG `` eh IQ``` ` dG h`` a
dG G``g h``J c ..``` W``Gh
?QdG dG

FXdG WJ LGJ dG dG eh
?UG h eG YdG
WJh XdG H f dH WdG G c CT fCT FXdG
HT j CG EG J dG G
,dG ac IQGdG cGe
f `` eRCG ``e f dR ``e ```fCG EG
Y jOdG dG IAc
EG j ``fC ;GQdG FdG
MCG Y Qe jQJh dY IAc
EG fj dG eCG ,dG dG
H dG Gg ODJ GAc GSG
jOdG ddG Y dCS GPEGh ,e
JcT jdH ``` G G``g
,%35 EG 30 e f CG a
WCG jQd ef
k k dM f fCG EG
M "dG ``SCGQ Y jQdG" Y
Y dN e jQd edG j
EG j bGdG dh ,QT 6 I dG

LddG dSCG Y dG jQJ IOjR j

Jj dG dG jQdG EG f a ,dG
.YdG J dG OG QdG Gg ie EG
e Ic a gG Y Gk H GR e G dGh
2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 24

dG jQdG

24
6/22/09 8:52:28 PM

jd fc GPEGh e HH IQdG dEG J cda dG Y IQdG

Ggh ,YRJ hCG Je J M
W dG e fe h .e M e
bdGh adG ``f```eEG ``fCG
. e cCG d jOGh jdG
cd Ach - G H - BG fh
Mh WGh ,GQdG ic
H cT e jjJ GOT Y
``d``ch ```j``d CG ```c ,``````dG ``c
YGQdG Gd iNCGh ,jdG N
Jh dG SJ CG T h ,dGh
EG Ic aVEG WdG cdG
.WdG ObG
e ..gaJ e H hT d
dGeGdGYGPeh?hdGggCG
j M "G" EG OCG
?I``j``G ``Yh``` ` G ``` ` UCG ````e
I``` G ``` ` dG h`` ` `T `` `gCG dG - J - G iJ g dGh

Yh ,Y QG Yh jNBG M
EG TCG c ,SdG jCH a dG
e d G dG gCG
jG Y FGdG WGh ,gZh
.dG

G H GdG EG aVEG ,fdGh

U - dG S Y dGh Oh``Mh
dG a - Sh Y G
EG aVEG .SdHh HH OdG bY
AGOCG I``YG``eh ,dG dGh ,dG

JGdG IdG
`` FG`` Gh ``j``` ` dG GO``````T `` e O```Y ``` Y ``` U``M
.dGGh
.G ffEGh jG G e OY Y
: jQdG cdGh fG
. Y cd YRe Ach
.GQd RQJe GL cT Ach
.dG jd T e Ach
.egcj GQWEG Ach
.YGQRh K Ge Ach
.AHc Gdeh Fe Ach
,dG YU eeh ,c H J ee UCG
.dGh VjdG WG J eeh
.dG jd T e UCG
.HJCd G e UCG
.jQGdG GOGS Yd jOdG cdG UCG

25
Tadreeb #4.indb 25

.G jdG Y H M dG
.AGT dh
G cT - ``j``j``G FQ ``F``fh jT
.HdG
.eY aKh eSEG SGQO : dG gCdG
: dG fCG
.GQd G cT - jjG FQ .Gd G cT - jjG FQ Ff .GQWEd G cT - jjG FQ Ff h``Hh``Hh G cT - jjG FQ Ff .jOdG HdG
ed G cT - jjG FQ Ff .GQd jG
d ``HG``dG cT - ``j``j``G FQ ``F``f .jQdG

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:30 PM

AGdGh dG

H1N1

jRG GffCG Sha

jdGh OG dGAHh

MdG Y fi S .O
dG dG b
.dGh AGd dG c

jQJ d Ve
H1N1 ShdG QX jGH fc
J ``h ,fSEH 1918 ``Y
Gg fG ``bh ,fSEG GffCH
hCG dG G YCG ShdG
.dG je k o dGh ``HhQhCG
dG adG ```e fc ``bh
dh ,ahe Z 1919 h 1918 eY
50-40 H e CG EG J GjdG
GffCG J f GaJ T e
W Scdg YCG" fCH Uh dG
GM AHdG M a ;"jQdG
h ,gMh dG e T e 17
dM e 23 e cCG MCG HdG
dM ``dCG 390 G``M Y f HUEG
dG e %28 G``M UCGh ,I``ah
Mh ``V````H I````G ``j``dG
,T ``dCG 675 h 500 H e GhQCG
dCG 250 e cCG UQo fjH h
dCG 400 OdG H fa h ,V
.je ``dCG 50 G``M Gc Sh
GkO H1N1 GffCG Sha X
ShQ dhH 1978-1977 eY H

ch jRG GffCG V G ShdG W j VdG GR``e

Sha IG GffCG Sha FY e IjL dS EG j a .J
.GffCG V jRG hCG G hCG QdG hCG dG J CG dGh A
.d fG JhdG Yd k ah Ya GfCG EG ShdG g FY Jh
Jh .(Neuraminidase, NA) h (Hemagglutinin, HA) g JhdG Ggh
eM HUEG K eh G G NGO EG ShdG J J Xh
.hdG
.NA JhH e Ya GfCG 9h HA JhH e vYa Yk f 15 gh
(H1N1 H1N2 H3N2 : e) GffCG e YdG G``fCG H k dM Jh
.H1N1 f e ShdG g WEG Y gNCG dh .dG H

2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 26

dG jQdG

26
6/22/09 8:52:32 PM

eJ e e T dCG 700 f Iah J M

.SQGG
G``f````fCG ``Sh``a ```X (`` g 1430) 2009 ``Y h
J `` ``` dh ``````G `` dh`` H ``j``L `` e H1N1
k `H jRG GffCH
Q```TCGh .G GffCG ``e `
ShdG ``V``G CG EG ``````dG dG e ``jQ```J
``jQ``` J O`` ` ` aCGh .`` ` `dG `` `M `` `dhO 94 ``` f EG ````Uh
``H```UEG O``Y C``H 2009/6/20 M IQG G
HUEG ``VG``YCG Y X dM 44^287 H I``cD`G
180 I``ah EG iOCG ``V``G CGh .``jR```G GffCG V
.T
k
2009 H1N1 GffCG ShH HUEG VGYCG Jh
VGYC K dG - (jRG GffCH j e hCG) IQGG LQO Le JQG Jh ;SG GffCG
SEG EG aVEH ,jT OLEGh ,dG CGh Sh
.AdGh
c ,`````dG ``H jS ```F``Hh IQ````H ``V``G jh
J dh .dG EG jRG e IQdG H j
.Je hCG ``j``` G `` ```cCG ``e ``U````TC`d ih````dG
je ```LQO 71 IQG```M ```NGO ``j``` G `` ```W ````jh
Shah jH e G g c jRG GffCG Sha
.iNCG
jbdG
ee JCj jRG GffCG e jbd W IY g
GffCG d jRd Jo dGh ,k dM IaG MdG
GffCG e dG j d - BG M - Lj dh ,jRG
.jRG
aCG SSCG dG adG YGH GdG jh
fG fC ; jRG GffCG Ve e jbd Sh
dG R```G UN H J dG ``Sh```dG ih``Y
.G

H1N1 GffCG Shd VJ T

e jW CG dG dG e jQJ VhCGh
jbdG jH ``e`
k ` T ``jR```G GffCH ``H```UEG
YGdG JG N e dPh .jOdG SG GffCG e
: JBG
VG fG Y dP AGQh e dG h jNBG J Y
.jNBG EG dG
j hCG j Ie c H HdGh AH jdG Z
.dG a
J M jdG d ddG dG OGe GSG
.ShdH HUEG feEG J a QhH
C ;jRG GffCG V HG e GbG Y
hCG dG jW Y ``NBG EG T e J ih```dG
.SdG
VG VQGY e fj jdG UTCd G AdG
dH JGh dG hCG SQG EG ``g``dG ``Yh
.d
.dG Y k FGO LdG J
He a jRG GffCG Ve Y W Y eCG
MGdG ``gh ;SG GffCG d J dG d
Oe ``Y O````YG ```c ,``FG``` ` dG h``` Jh ,``j``j````dG
j T C ````jh (``` a ``e``J) ``g ``Sh````d
hJ ``d``M G`k ``c aCG Ff ```h ,``V````H HUEG
VGYCH QdG ``e hCG `` jCG ``K``K ``N ``d jG
.VG

27
Tadreeb #4.indb 27

GffCG ``e jbd W IY ``g

``MdG ``ee ``JCj ``jRG
jRd ``oJ dGh ,``k dM I``aG
gCG dG ``adGh ,HUEG ``d
VG e dG jM FSh

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:34 PM

AGdGh dG

..jQ H 19 dG Jh vjS Iah dM dCG 20

G eRCG ..dG
dG Y cR a .
FGZ YU Le
.IjH dGh AGd dG dG

GQgHdGh JhdG J dG
O````Gh ``` ` e``` ` ` dGh ``` ` g``dGh
AGdG Gg e fEG jh ,A``Gh
AGdG QOe jJ jW Y RGG
G dG IO``jR Y cdG e
EG jh ."``cG```dGh GhG e
hO dh k ac AGdG j CG IQhV
e G dG J CG CG ;GaEG
G dj dG bd jRGe dG
j c .e Se ``bCG Y hCG
EG PEG ;k f AGdG j CG gCG EG
Y J CG VGeCG e jdG
.G dG jW
jJh OdG U CG Th
h LfEG Y Gk Te GKC
k J KDJ
k
Te Z dO J fCG c ,JM
ObGh YLG QdG ie Y
AG``N j ``e IO`` `Yh .`````G
WCG h```J H OG`` aCG jdG
Sc hddGh gdH dG

,dH He G ddG
jdG H %18 EG dG g J M
f Jh ,```gG``G M h``
SQG b S WCG e jdG
jd J VdG WCG M ,% 15
.% 7 H dPh dG IgX
QX jdG Y cDjh
G FGdG CG GJ
VG eY
k KdG ``N OdG
``dG `` eCG ,``Y```dGh dG H
dG ```e IO``jR EG Qh``H iOCG
EG TCG CG OhCGh .OdG OdG Y
jdG QSG gOQhCG dG FdG
HdG jdG IQGOEG Y dG Gh
e e jOdG dG IQGRd
M ``G Y dN QcdG eG
j ``dG g RGG AGdG" : b
SSCG FGdG UdG L Y

```dG ``````dG `` ` `SGQ`` dG ````J

EG INCG GdG H jLCG
je EG dG ```e ``` JQG
````gG Qh``` ` dG ``e L I```c
dG dG Zh G IgdG H
.j H ej
k Je jGJ
gJ dG eGdG e OY gh
dG I``g``` dG ``g Q`````fG
IdG JQG gCG eh ,I``NCG fhBG
,G G FGT H FGdG
Jh ,jdG LdG Ye QfGh
je ``J ``e ```FG```dG GO``` dG
.dG dGh cG OG
U SGQOh GAMEG VJh
AdG ``H R`` `dG IO`` `jR ``` e CG
e % 66 ````H ``` ` JQG ``jO``` ` ` dG
,``` fGRhCG OGR ``j``dG OG`` YCG ``` LEG
OGJ LEG e % 52 CG EG J c

2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 28

dG jQdG

28
6/22/09 8:52:35 PM

eg IO`` jR hCG ``j``c``dG ``f``e```dG

.jhOCG hCG G AGS ,hJQdG
OhM H QGVCG
cG Y f CG SG eh
: eh dG Y J dG
: ``L``` G `` ` Gh ``` ` dG `` VG`` eCG .1
FdGh dG Y M FGdG R``dG
.Ye O EG e c a
dG H bdG ae ``Y ``ZQh
fCG EG jGdG Jh dG VGeCGh
bdG ``g fc EGh IO``L``e bY
k G J
``dG AG```dG ``fh H jC
hJ EG ``dG ``j```dG dhj
e cCG G hCG gdH dG jZCG
e hJh .GQgHdG hCG JhdG
hddG f aj UCG ``g
.hCG IQG eY g Ggh dG
Gh dG VGeCH dG bY eCG
I``e ```Y J ``b``Y ```a ``L```G
M ;dG Y gY hCG fGdG
QGSG CG EG SGQdG H QTCG
jJ GS 10 Y jJ I`` dG
``Gh dG ``VG``eC VdG f
dH HUEG Y GdH ,LG
.hCG dG Me hCG ddG Me
N c J : dG ``V``e .2
j dG dfCG eg OGe Y
OGG g Jh ,bdG d RcG
g LJ GPEGh .dfCG e
dfCG Ea gOY b hCG G
d ```d``Hh G ``g Y j ``d
f Ja RcG e Oj
Y HK f G gh .dG
M OGR E` a jOdG gdG G
OY Ea jdG G g c G
M dH b J G
.G Ic G
dG j : `` dG V ``` JQG .3
jdG H dG V JQG f EG

29
Tadreeb #4.indb 29

hj eY CGJh .G G
j dG e cCG jQGM GS OdG
SCG d G``g RG```dG ``Yh .bH
: IjY
MG dG ``j``J : ``` ` dG .1
dh ,``` HQCGh jdG H jdG
J ddG dG dG
OY IOjR H ,iNCG dG MGe
e ``Z``dG ``e dh ,gdG ``j``G
.LY G e fEa dP
eGdG ``KD`J : ``` KGQ``dG ``eG``` dG .2
h G ``g``dG c ```KGQ``dG
OGaCG CG EG aVEH ,d Hb
GOdG f cQj IMGdG FdG
.IG SCG fh FGdG
SCG Jh : dG ``eG```dG .3
ieh ,Jch Yfh dG hJ
fCG e ZdG Yh ,G dG
fEa ,KGQdG eGdG J f
FGdG JGOY J f cCdH
.G Wf ieh
KDJ b dGh : dG ``eG```dG -4
H CG Ma ,FGdG GOdG Y
QdG Y H dG dhj SdG
jh .dG hCG ``G hCG dH
``eCG jW bd SG CG Me
fhdEG dCG hCG RdG hCG ffEG
C ;WCG Y dG SCG gCG e
Y CG c ,dGh G j dP
J dG VjdG fCG SQ
``jQG``G GdG ``e dG Y
EG OD` j G I``FG``dG ``g``dGh
.dG
eg VfG e : fedG .5
VfG hCG ,edG hCG bQsdG IdG

CG EG .jdG AS e jbdG FSh e

WCG hJ Y eG j dP
OLh f C ,gdG Y dG
Y jJ CG j dG gdG
jQGG GdG LEG e %30 f
h```J ``e Q````cEG ```j G``d .```e```dG
jdG e cG GQgHdG
G IaGGh dCH HG
.ddGh edG
OdG J dG ``eG```dG ``gCG ``eh
: ``j````dG A```S ``VG``eCGh dG ``e
dG ,VjdG SQ fG
,NdG Y eG ,edG dG
cDjh ,ddG HhG hJ Y
WCG LJ ``fCG jdG QSG
fCG ```g ``H ;S i`` NCGh I```L
ZdHh .S i`` NCGh IL FGZ
dG ae CG jdG OYG e
AG``N j ,dG ``j``Z dCe
cdG EG PEG ,GvL S eCG CG jdG
gG Y j CG j gf
eh .AGdG dGh dG H RGdH
,WCG Yf jJ OLh QhdG
dG WCG c J e
J IOjRh Je jQGM GS Y
.b jQGM GS Y dG
fEG U H G Hjh
YLG ``fG``G `` Hh ```e```Sh
,FGdG GO``` dGh AG````d adGh
.dG jdG SCH ae i``eh
?dG e
Y G Rh IO``jR g dG
,a gdG cGJ f dG RdG
H RGdG Y Y f cGdG Ggh
bdGh ````dG ``e ``dh````G ``b```dG

,dH He H ddG e %52

gGG H %18 EG dG g J M

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:52:36 PM

AGdGh dG

edG dG Lh (GhG d FGdG FGdG hGL GSGh

jQGG GdG OhM YdG
fRhh Y M T d HG
dG dG Yfh G fRhh dWh
fG ``g``dG ch ``H j
e dGh G e beh G
Y QGSGh dG feEG g dP
M e hO Ia WCG dG
dG efdG G``g e j
dG OhM h ZdG M jG
Ff efdG j c .IOG
,FGdG dG jd e SQ
Gh cGh jQdH Uj c
vej Ie YS I cdG dG
Jh .OdH ````SCG G``e 4 hCG
fQeh YSCG ``c jG He
jQdG jHh b jG
``U``N ``e``f``H BG ```S````H
dGh bGGh Hd dd OGYEG
``eCG YSG EG dG jdGh
ve GQk hO j G``g EG M dd
.efdG

H e FGdGh A``G c
kbDe vjgX AjEG j jG
H Ib Ia N Oj RdG H
dG KDj c ,IOG FGdG hJ
Y jW Id FGdG d G
k S KDj G FGdG cJ
NGOh jedG YhCG NGO dG Y
dhDGh H ah jGh fCG
YhCGh jG H AGdG OJ Y
k G j .jhdGh jedG
VGYC
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Tadreeb #4.indb 41

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Tadreeb #4.indb 44

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44
6/22/09 8:53:41 PM

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Educational Telecommunications.
2. Nowduri Srinivas & Najib A.
Kofahi, Distance Learning: Major
Issues and Challenges.
3. Porters D (Ed.), New directions in
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Tadreeb #4.indb 47

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Tadreeb #4.indb 48

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48
6/22/09 8:53:48 PM

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Tadreeb #4.indb 49

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Tadreeb #4.indb 50

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50
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51
Tadreeb #4.indb 51

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6/22/09 8:53:56 PM

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Tadreeb #4.indb 52

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52
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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 54

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54
6/22/09 8:54:00 PM

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55
Tadreeb #4.indb 55

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Tadreeb #4.indb 56

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56
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Tadreeb #4.indb 57

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 58

dG jQdG

58
6/22/09 8:54:11 PM

.eM eL hY e ,dG
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Ic IOSG
CG dG IOSG M ``eh
JOY H QH SGQO e j
? G EG

59
Tadreeb #4.indb 59

b Y G e LJ
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J
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KHG CG EG Lj dP dG CG
dG hdG Y fG ``fC
jdGh jQdG ce gOM dG
Gh dG jQd edG SDG
J Z LG SGQO jj
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CG S" : a SGQdG S
QGb PJG b Ge HQCG jde QR
jde CG ZQh .a LG SGQO
N Y J fCG EG ef dhO J
eG hdG e d gDJ
jde CG he g ch .2020 Y
c Ie La ;eSEG dhO
h jQdG GSCG M e
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EG fGe GQjH J dG "M"
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jdG eG dG e ``LJ
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dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:54:13 PM

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 60

dG jQdG

60
6/22/09 8:54:15 PM

``` e
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f ``dG dG GQ``` Jh I``j``G

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Ke LhCG b INCG GdG
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SCGQ Yh eG AKCG jQd IjL
.dG

61
Tadreeb #4.indb 61

k Gk Y j M H AadG
e
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jQJh jdG QOGdG OGYEG eGH
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h``dG jJ dSCG J G``J e
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QOe e ve GQk e jQdG j

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dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:54:17 PM

``` e

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G ac dJ dG dG e
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dG QdG IOL He EG
jQdG J IMh Jh .G
a edG QNH e c
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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 62

dG jQdG

62
6/22/09 8:54:19 PM

iQCGh .dG f dG GP
g d dG e QNG CG
j j G ````G `` JGP
,jQdG J IQGOEG b ``e ee
dG jJ e
k j dHh
k HJ fc e IQGOEG ``g ``jDh``d k ah
k dG IQGOE
M YGU N e H
f ``HQ``G ``L``j `` dG ``` dG
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QNG Gg CG Y a
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k SDG
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dHh .dG Gd HdG edG

hdG HW jQdGh eCG NCJ
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k G - S dG
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G Gh dG b e G
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CG ``dP EG VCG .G d
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63
Tadreeb #4.indb 63

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:54:22 PM

``` e

AGdG hCG AdG QGb H IQG

UGdG G Y H UGh .
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fc ``dh M GQ``` G aJ G```TG

k G h ,h``` e ``eCG e
jC
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SG C ;dG fGH j e
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bdG jQH IWG M CH Y
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jQdG MG bJ HU J e
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d Qgh ,bd VGh Qg g k M
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k
AdG QG``b Ua
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GQk N j bdG jQJh jJ a

k
QJ d dPh .jd ve eY
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dJh ,Jh ````YCG ``jG```J

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 64

dG jQdG

64
6/22/09 8:54:24 PM

ZCG c j fDhHCG
..dG
..J Y f GPEG
Fe S

CG c ..dG bh G jOhh Vd ..G kL

jQJ b - Je fk MCG hCG - GAdG aJ HU
.MdG Qh aCG QG g G bdG jJh
bdG jQJh jJ CG ij e LdG Gg fj bh
Qh c GDS bGj gYh ,a QSG g G
;KdG aGWCG e jQdH QSG Y GPe ..N
dh ?jQd G XG ,XG Le ,jQdG L
GQSG g e IOSG W EG dG G e
k
b d ,Xd UdG j Hk H a j CG e ..H
Ggh .d XG H jQdG IQGe XdG L j
k G - Ve
.G PEH k jb QdG ij b - jC
Y K J HG SL .O PSC c dh
LGJ dG G e Q" : dG j G IOe
dG REG be H Y g QGdG MUCG H
.YG g bh d JGdG GQdG AH GSh
hdEG J jQe HQCG Y WG VG dG Nh
Xd ITe Z Sh c fc jOS eL
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a
k
CG ``` ` YC` a ..`` X`` G hCG Q`` ` `G ````j ``` ` ah
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- Lh EG - ICG jQJ C ;ICG f QN f
dh ,ICG G``gCGh de jQJ ddG g
UdG e DhGd hCG dG S Ld Gve IQhdH
.dG XdG
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,bO J GGh ed dG jdGh
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e AT c NCG j b e gh .dG GHh dG
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j M .bdG dG H Jh ,BG
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65
Tadreeb #4.indb 65

dG jQdG 2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

6/22/09 8:54:25 PM

OCGh IQGOEG

G d JY
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n
p``` `r ``q `` dG p ` Y`` ` `n ` T ` `` `bn oCGq ` ` ` ` ` dG
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Im q ` ` ` Mo `m ` ` r ` n ` d `` n ` `n ` `n ` `LGr `` n ` `g GPE` ` ` `a
p`` ` `e q ` ` ` c Ap `` `` ` r ` ` n ` ` dG `n ` ` ` pe r`` ` n ` ` n` ` Hn
o ` ` ` `fn Gn ` ` ` `br CG `` ` `n ` `dG `n ` ` n ` ` `Wn `` ` ` q o ` ` ` `dn hn
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m V `` ` `fn OCG n `` ` `d `
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m j jY ,G G H
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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 66

dG jQdG

66
6/22/09 8:54:27 PM

Me EG fZ Uh Hh,eBd Ic MCG h
fCG fLh ,aGSG O dh LJh G YU
j L CG f fC ;jdG jGH jFM f
.fG g
(G dG) jG n bp
,G jG e Gc
k YCG G gY dG jG EG
Q CG e dGh dG dUCG fEG ,jOdG J dG
ddh .QHGh dUCGh d eL l SG fEG , EG a
jG g Ggho jdG AbQCG dG e Y Lh a
H dh ,eh QG``MCG IOb EG H a jG
e GAk L YdG bh dG gh ,Y k aN NEG Qac
.Y fGjO
k Lh fC ;uG Gg QNG G MCG d
e a
,SGdG g jG CG hO gMCG hCG dhCG eG
jG EG . Yh JM Y GkOh`` gKCG a
.HdG edG QS dG dG g HdG g
Y b dh ,d Me jd j d dG hH
,dG IH eMC
k G M H fEG dG YCG L
dHh ,HdG eGdG M N VQCG T d
.d k jGH fc a
Y hSh ,Z e IQe f S dUCG hHh
Q VdG TCG l VGh eCG Ggh ,T jb
cdG N h fHdG dG CGH a ;OGaCGh CG
dG d d Jh ,HdG d UCG adG Y
gh aH T HdG a ,IQG SQh
d a ,4dG G Gg CG e dG ah .JQMh
dG EG aj e Lj fC ;jd SCdGh MEG O CG
.GdG h
,dUCd NBG LdG fEa - dG IQH gh - QHG eCG
QHG j eh ,SGdG g jG RGd e g dG
Sh ,k a k T f dUCG a d veo Lg
k
.jNBG hJh jH
!YT K k M c a ,G G MQ
b bh `g303 Y adG dh ,H dG ,G H MCG
.Gk cP gcCGh Gk KCG HdG AGT YCG c Q , `g354 Y OGH
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67
Tadreeb #4.indb 67

.1
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G kHCG Y Z h ,OfdG d IMdG IdG g IOGQEa

Y bh ,IHGh QGUEG a gGG ge eCG ,fd
Y KCG d H ,cdG J H d fc e c dP Y
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6/22/09 8:54:28 PM

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 68

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68
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6/22/09 8:54:30 PM

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 70

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70
6/22/09 8:54:32 PM

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71
Tadreeb #4.indb 71

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6/22/09 8:54:33 PM

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2009 dj - ` `g1430 ``LQ

Tadreeb #4.indb 72

dG jQdG

72
6/22/09 8:54:35 PM