Tadreeb #3.

indb 1

2/3/09 8:50:11 AM

Wh f ..G H
: e

2/3/09 8:50:12 AM

Tadreeb #3.indb 2

``` M``` ` aG

..G fGe

jQd G
.e dGh VdG Lh b HdG
dGh gG aG SdG EG
j ``EG ,G Gh dG
ON IOH ITdG eM UM
Y- G M - jdG eG
d jQJh OdG dG gCJ
eh ,I````G ``` LG``e ```Y GQk O`` ` b
UN ,WdG QYEG gG Ua
Me jdG ``G dG Ua CGh
j Ye d h Iaeh
k gYGH Ghd dG Oep
e J CG c ,bk e k ef
e ge EG G jQdG ge
LdG Y SGQ dO j YU
GgCG N e SDG J dG
je ``gh ,``g``` G ```J ``` L``Jh
YdGh G fG UN
H A`` a`` dG ``` Y ``g``` G ``` J ````J
.HQd
KCG f dG fEGh
Gh dG jQd edG SDG
jQdG edG IOG Y UM
bh QG j H ,Gh dG
dG GGh GQG e jH J
dah HjEH SEG e
Gg f fCG fh ,eCGh Wh eN
c UH ,```Vhh aH dG
fGj jdG GG HQG e
,HQd eh ``a``f ``c ```J ``Y
jH d ``L``JCG CG g ```J```jh
dG gOL Y eG aGhh dG
GgCG f RJQG f
Gh dG jQdG I``L``G
.G

3
Tadreeb #3.indb 3

Gh dG jQdG GMh OGYCG

160h J c 50 EG J CG bGh
N d qk J G ke 39h G ke
Y G kcCJ EG eOdG dG GdG
dG jQdG G gG
e jS HSG d e gh ,Gh
e SCGQ Yh SDG hDe
Yd G``M``dG IO``j``H ``a```G
Y Y MdG dG e Qb cCG
e Gh dG dG Ge CG QYH
.GQk fGh Gqk YdG cCG
dSG ``H`` J CG ```c
SDG JCGH dGh dG
BGh ``e```G ``` eh dG
e dG gG j EG ,GR``L
,Jh dG jJ f SDG b
dG Y ``Hk ```jEG S ``e ``gh
H d bh ,GMdG jQdG
e jdGh AdG c dG
Yh G GhQGR jdG dhDG b
jQd aG Ff IOS SCGQ
HdG HJ dGh dG M QcdG
,dTh bH G ke c ``Y
Y Uf ``dG dG gh
QGh Q``G j M dG
kbh ``NC`J Q``eCG C` H AGS M Y
``a```VEG ,``````dGh ```H```G `k `j``W
jdG Y Yj a bdG QN
e G b CG c ,ee IQH
HdG dJ Y S GMdG
k
,e
GMdG LGJ dG bGdGh
SDG dhDG LJ Ea THh
dG dSG H J EG
g CG cDj EG iNCG G We

G fi gGHEG .O
dG jQdG FQ
.dH Gh

I`` `NCG `` dh`` dG ``` fG``` e ````M

Ib Y IcDe GTDe `g 1431/1430
cDd bQCG ALh ,WdG ObG
k G
jqk ObG fk eCG cCG dhdG fCG jC
,GQk e 475 `H Qb dGh ,jqk QSGh
fe ```Y ``jqk ``b Gk ` ` TD` e j G`` gh
.OdG ObG
dG J Y fGG Y bh
cQh ,WGd jdG G e
,jMh ```W``dG ObG `` Y
dGh dGh QSG Ua aJh
.a
dG jQd edG SDGh
X ,``` c ```M ```H ``` j ````Gh
G Sj dG IdG dG
VH ,ITdG eM N ``eh
YGS P T L AH SEG
e G LM J ,Se a
SdG eh ,Gh dG dG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:14 AM

 Gh VG H GG ```J
iG Y jdG QdG JG LdJ ``NCG
M f fc dG jG dG H Gh dG
aCG IM LCG e Jh fEd G d
IOSG GG JdG QHh .gadG e jeh
.dGh YLGh jObG G T ILG

dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f

: dG G
G gGHEG .O

: jQSG dG
G H Y .O
dG dU H GY .O
G gGHEG H jR .O
UdG H dU .CG

Blackboard

f h SDG H

ee H Blackboard OQH H QdG IQGOEG f j

e dG dG h jQdG GhOCG e Ic Y J
OGG aH GAk H .QG h Qd dG dG J fCT
JG FSh OjEH GQk he ,eh bh c fhdEG
....TOQdG h iG e QG h QG H

Tadreeb #3.indb 4

G ``g IQG OG``G

CGQ Y IQhdH J
Gh dG jQdG
.dG

```G h YVG jJ
GQ``` ` Y j ````G `` g
.a

2/3/09 8:50:14 AM

dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f

: jdG FQ
dG GY H Y
: jdG je
G M H Sj

: jdG ISCG
dG dU H Sj
OGdG jdG Y
OdG jdGY MdGY
dG H S
dG dU H GY
MG dU H S

: SGG

YEGh edG bdG IMh

dG jQdG
TM-000@hotmail.com

(06) 3250071 - 3250091 : Jg

150: ca - 106 : j
: dG IQGOEG

IjH - 1359 . .U - dG
(06) 3834557 : ca (06) 3834556 : Jg

Tadreeb #3.indb 5

IH YdG G G HQe
jM Y G Y j
e UGdG Y IY a YdG G G Uj
,jG LddG dH J dG jOdG G ac
J IH IOSG N e qk Jh qk LdJ G Yd dPh
...e hdGh dG

3 ............................................... MaG
6 .......................................... G QNCG
12 ................................................... G
20 .......................................... dG jL
25 ............................(jQdG ddG .) e
26 ...................................... e T
30 .......................................... AGdGh dG
41 ...............................(UGdG UGh .) AGQBG
42 ..................................(cdG cJ) e
44 ...........................................IQdG J
48 .................................... hdEG jQdG
54 ......................................... jQdG bGe
56 ........................... (dG jdG Y) e
58 ................................................. MS
64 ......................................... OCGh IQGOEG
66 ........................................ jQdG Ya
68 .............................................. cQe
70 ..................(GG GY .O) IOG aBG
72 ............................ (G jR .O) INCG

2/3/09 8:50:16 AM

G QNCG

HQe SG QH H a eCG
`jdG OQGG FNCG gCJ `efH

jdG OQG`` G ``dhD```eh G

jdG dG UG dG
.gCdG efH GcQT

dG jQdG FQ M c
Y ```dG G dH Gh
``H ``` gG``HEG Q```c``dG ``e``f``dG

``eCG G dG MU S
e eCG jdG Y H QH a
efH" IQGOEG FQ dG
jdGY ``H QH ``H a ``eCG
"dH FXdG ``W``Jh jQd
FNCG gCJ efH cQG
- efdG f dG - jdG OQGG
I SG dG efdG EG GOT
dG e Hk Qe 23 H dGh T
J h````U ``e G``` TE` H ``U``G
efdG g cJh ,jdG OQGG
IQGOEG Wh QOGc gCJh OGYEG
dG Be jdG OQGG Jh
GQ``` G HcEG ``N ``e ``U``G
.dd eRdG QGh
G dG MU A````dG T
OS H e H a QcdG eCG
,dG e eCG Ff jdGY H

IjH YGQdG dG dG SG J
dGh AGd dG dG EG
W aCG OhOQ SG J ``MCG bh .dH
dG SG HJ H dPh dG Y bEG f JQG
dG SfG
d ,dH J dG bCGh
k
.JJh
a LG MWh aCG SJ QGdG J c
c dG YGQdG dG Y QbG hO dG
.a gj hCG G

Ie cGh ,dG e ah AL e QGb

dG jQd edG SDd JGSG Gh jQdG
d IjH YGQdG dG c SG J Gh
IQGOEG aGh M ;"IjH dGh AGd dG dG"
jQH IG L Gh dG jQd edG SDG
GAGLEG ac JGh ,dG SG J Y `g1429/10/21
jdG MdGh SdG YG J e dH UG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 6

dG jQdG

6
2/3/09 8:50:17 AM

hCG cG j dH Gh dG jQdG
eG OdG dG VG

QcdG ``eCG G dG MUh

jdG Y H OS H e H a
M VG CG EG Ge
k ,eCG Ff
.dhDG e OY IQjH

e HQd ``Y```Gh GG
YJ dGh ,G G``Mh
fGh fhdEG YG H
bh ,FfEGh FGdGh FHdGh
e HQG e f MTh VH
HQG H GTEH ,G GMh
.AcCG
gGHEG QcdG i``gCG fL eh
jQdG FQ G HG
R``EG Gg dH Gh dG
H a eCG G dG Md
,dG e eCG jdG Y H QH

`````dG `` jQ`` ` `dG ``` ` ``` M

G ke GRk EG dG Gh
DG hCG cG Y dH
eG dG O`````dG ``V```Gh
ALh .Gk `ND`e VjdG bCG ``dGh
M G ebCG dG VG
dGh VdG IOH dG
QGhR O``Y I```d ``a``` VEG ,``` J``dGh
cQT dG i``NCG VQH Sb
k
Gh dG jQdG d H
.WG
e Y Y VG iMGh

k f "dG "
fH vJ Ve
e dG Gh dG jQd edG SDd
VYh jQdG dH UN MhWCGh QaCGh a YCG
a YdG G je ```VhCGh .``bG``dG ``VQCG Y
GMH jdG EG j VG CG OdG fG
G YGdG YJ eh ,H Gh dG jQdG
,dG d Jh jQJ H Gh dG bCG H
dG H d YO e dhdG aJ G gQSGh
.b hO dG IG V ddGh
Gh dG jQdG Fd OdG Kh
Vd jYQ G H gGHEG QcdG dG
EG dG ``Lh c ,``f``G a ebEG Y UMh
EH cQT dG UGh dG dG SDe e OY
jH gSh VG KCG cQe CH kge ,VG
.Gh dG dG dhG OH G
H a fG a jH FQ VG M
,edG jdG Y H gGHEG fG AHc je h ,dG
AGY e OYh ,dG Y H gGHEG fG J je h
EG aVEH .H G gGh dG dG jeh
.dG TQh G H G Y G G Y

7
Tadreeb #3.indb 7

VG dG Gh dG jQdG f
G dPh dG e ie Y dG dG
dG VG cQT .fG a YdG G
eh ,IH dG dGh ,IjH dGh AGd dG
YdG G Gh ,AG``G VjH dGh IQdG
gG e jdGh ,fH YdG G dch ,SdH
I SG ``dG - VG J H dGh G
VGSG dN M ;eh J IY - jCG HQCG
HdG gGh dG ``W Gh dG ```fEG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:19 AM

G QNCG

: Gh dG jQd edG SDd Ie IQOe

dd HOCG dG W gCJ
dG dH
edG IGhG efdG j h
bCG e jfdG MG jH
UdG ```jh````j ```M ,``````dG
dG dG bCG EG Nd
SGQdG dG OM bh ,a dG
j H efd SGQdG G h
jfdG MG jN L efdG
c dG Z bCG e dOj e hCG
H efdG SGQdG Ie OM
N jQJ dN j ``MGh SGQO
AMCG - Aja - Ac) g GQe
d j (jEG d - VjQ c Ie qk YSCG GV ``HQCG Qe
EG aVEH bO N IV
.d YS
`` ` `SGQ`` dG `` ` `` `fG `` ` `` `d`` Hh
K Y e Hk Qe 85 efdH
jQe h jL h SM
je T
k
SDG dhDe MJCG dG UdG
efdG e Gj CG eRY h d
.H
MCG GY efdG eCG K h
SDG ``e I``` G ```J O``` ` dG
dGh ,Gh dG jQd edG
Jae jd Ua dG e
dNOh dG dG QNG
.dH dG bCG
dG ``U``Mh SM EG dh
J jW Y efdG RLG Y
j ,QGh dG dG
.efd e H

gGHEG .O dH Gh dG
AGd dG dG G HG
HdG L dH IjH dGh
dG aJh ,efdG J LGJ dG
G dG HJ c ,d SG
GgCG d efdG Y GTEd
k Se GkOGYEG G OGYE IOG
jQdG bCG ``MCG EG fd
O``L``H J ``` dG dG dG
cCG OGYCG S adG feEG
: e J ,``HQ``` G ``e
eS ,dG jM ,FGdG dG)
.(FGdG fEG ,jZCG
Y G``` TE` d IQGOEG J h
dG dG He ``e ``e``f``dG
G```TEG d dG h AGd
Jh jQdG dG S He h
dG O``` TQE` d ``e```S``G ```G
.efdG H Gh
```U``G ``g``` ``H `````j ````a h
FG OG`` YEG fG a efdH
efdG GQ``` UG jQdG
Sb ``a HQd J h
e IOSd d UdG MJE
OY NG c .Ya H GVG
dG He e AcCG HQG e
,efdH UG GQ```G jQd
AcCG HQG e OY QNG c
jQd dG He e IG hP h
M e efdH UG GQ```G
.SjQddG h LG h GQcdG

dG jQd edG SDG OL

jN e c OY id eBG Gh
"YdG" HOCG dH edG jfdG
SDG a e aGe H dPh
gCJ Y G h dG jQd edG
dG e d jG ADg
dG OYGh ,dG dH
.`g 1430 - 1429 hCG jQdG
jdG CG QGdG a cJh
IYGdG jdG bdG e ```ShCG
H edG jfdG jN cJ
dG jN ch ,YdG h dG
qk ``ahCG dG
``HOCG dG e M
hCG eH dd UdG aJ
ddh .G dG dG
jN gCJ CG SDG IOb CGQ
dG Z bCG e edG jfdG
dG bCH dG e d
Ua Y G d j S
c ,``````dG `````dG ``N``d K
,e eCd NBG GQk N d aj
H RGdG e Yf
k gCdG Gg jh
dG S LM h dG L
J h .UG h edG YdG
SDG ie Y hCG Id QGdG
dGh AGd dG dG aGe
e JfeEG S dG IjH
Yb e efdG J ee
AdG d Y OGeh HQeh eeh
.OG bdG efdG
``jQ``` dG ``` ` ``````FQ `` ` ` Lhh
qn

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 8

dG jQdG

8
2/3/09 8:50:20 AM

QJ IjH dGh AGd dG dG

(ee AGZ dG) Ve

EG GJ jdG QGh``dG e Gc
k GkOY VG SGh
.SG J H UN dG Y dG
Sj SG H b VH dG L CG cj
cQ ,dH ``YEGh bdG je dG dU HG
,j dG jdG Yh ,dG Uf H gGHEG VQdG
.dG Y e Te GTEG h

Ve IjH dGh AGd dG dG cQT

dGh HdG IQGOEG ebCG dG "ee AGZ dG"
e IdG SGh IjH je dGY ``HG Se
HdG IQGOEG Y je IOS jYQ `g1430/1/24 - 20
.MCG jdGY H a PSCG (H) dGh
aG dP Hh SG H HN M bCG bh
bdG GP G L cQT M dH UG VG
.Je Jh dG fEH
e e QM IjH dGh AGd dG d ch
cQG LCG cCG YG dGh ,d G G N
dN ``dGh ,MGh VhG M e VG
HK QU N e LfEGh jQdG dG feEG VY
GQjO Mh ,VG Ia N VY UN ah
G YEG Y dG L RMh ,VG V Se
e Je VG N dG YRhh .VG Ia GW
.Gh jYdGh dG GQGUEGh Jeh dCG

..GG OJ QWEG

eG e Qhj dG

FdG LdG Yh ,d HjEG Ff IQjdG KCGh

.Lh cCG Y H G QhdH ebh a dG jJ f
dSCG M e G H Gc
k k HJ g CG cj
; d HdG jQdG GMdG OYh ,dG AGOCG G
OY EG aVEH jQJ IMh (13) eG e j M
IMh (11) dG e j M .gCG gG e
.jQJ

9
Tadreeb #3.indb 9

dG e Gh dG jQdG e ah b
Gk NDe eG e Gh dG jQdG IQjH
TGQ Q```c``dG eG e e FQ dN dG
AL .e e dG S Y WG c ,G``g``dG
G H G``G OJh dOG GQ``j``dG Q``WEG IQjdG
e dG dSG H J H UN
k
.eG eh dG
dG jQdG FQ e dG ``ah dCJ
eCGh ,G H gGHEG QcdG dG Gh
edG bdG jeh ,QdG HL H dN PSCG G
dGh ``jQGOEG hDdG jeh ,dG GY H Y PSCG
HG je EG aVEH ,dG Y H gGHEG PSCG
.dG hV H PSCG
k Jh eG e YCG fH
VY
AdG Th
k
a H H gCG dG Gh ,G Ie Y G kLe
J dG fCGh G Y dG WG c .dG Y G
dG be Yh ,j a c G G GQGOEG H
.Y dG Wh

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:20 AM

G QNCG

GOk Y j QH H a eCG efH

FdG GQhdG e
- 5 ``aG``G ` ` `e2009/1/9 - 8 e IdG ``N ``jG``dG
.HQe (25) Od `g1430/1/6
SdG Y jdG dG I (dG a) IQhO
2009/1/1412aGG`g1430/1/17-15IdGN
.HQe (60) Od
cG GQh``dG e Y e AdG OSG c
,2008 - ` `g1429 VG dG N efdG ebCG dG
efdG ebCG dG GQhdH Gk M dG h``G jh
: UJh

GQe J QhOh ,FdG jQdG gCH e fk EG

H a eCG efH f G fh LCG He
N dH FXdG WJh jQd jdGY H QH
jQdG eGdG e GkOY G dG eh VG dG
: dc gh FdG
IPSCG jdG HQd (ddG IQGOEGh J) IQhO
aGG ` ` g1430/1/7 - 6 e IdG ``N jGdG e
.HQe (25) Od 2009/ 1/4 - 3
e IPSCG jdG HQd (JEG ``a) IQhO

IG

dG

jG OY

efdG SG

LQ

40

eCG SGG IQhO

jCG 3

Af- LQ

90

jHdG jQG IQGOEG aGMG

Af- LQ

300

jHdG jQG IQGOEG aGMG

LQ

120

Je SG IQhO

Af - LQ

840

JM OL IQhO

ej

Af - LQ

400

G dG EG jdG IQhO

Af - LQ

442

ICDL BG SG J

Af - LQ

150

IC3 BG SG J

Af - LQ

430

jEG dG

LQ

23

jH OQGe FNCG

10

jCG 3

Af

60

dG a

11

ej

Af

25

JEG a

12

ej

Af

25

ddG Jh IQGOEG

13

jCG 3

LQ

25

jG jQJdG

14

HQeh Qe 2970

G
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 10

dG jQdG

10
2/3/09 8:50:21 AM

 dG GY H Y

j dW 1000
M c cCG JDJ "eCG efH" jQJ
jdG FQ

JQH Vh qn a
gJh `g 1429 VG T hCG
e `` LQ ````j``YQh jS Y
Gh dG jQdG He
edG SDG Jh hj dG
.dEG HfH Gh dG jQd
TdG G g j ISCG fh
c Uf dGh jQdG fGH J dG
dG edG dG cGJ CG Y UG
jjdG G e TJ CGh G J
jQdG GH SDG gJ dG
jG dG X JGSG JcGTh
d e c aG M ``dGh SDd
H G``` Y ``` G jdG ``e``G O`` N
.-he c e YQh G M- jdGY
fGH G ``qn `e I``YO ``gh
hCG QGH a cQG EG dGh jQdG
jQdG NS jb W hCG G
cQT e d fjJh fT e ,dGh
IYQ Ue dGh G hCG QGH
.G
YdG cQH Y GJ ..G`k `NCGh
J c IG
bQe

."M c coCG JDJ" AGN

11
Tadreeb #3.indb 11

UG S EG dG e AHCG e dW dCG f fG
H dPh ,VG dG N JGQe d jQJ GQhO Y
d dG jQdG eGH V jjdG jQdG eGdG FfEG
SG IOd dhdG NdG BG SG `g 1429 VG
jQJ L 28 dPh .jEG dGh "ICDL IC3" BG
.dG e ah e
jQd jdGY H QH H a eCG efH je QTCGh
GQhdG g CG EG G Y H MCG dH FXdG WJh
Be e YHh G dG Je e hdH efdG f
be jW Y c GQhdG d dG CG EG ka ,UG dG
dG H GdG Y eG d dPh ,ffEG Y efdG
GQhdG G OY H M bG jW Y dG M dG
QGhR OY Hh dWh dW BG KK e cCG bG Y Y YCG dG
.FGR dCG KK e cCG HSCG HQCG N
MU e ``c LH JCJ ``eG``dG ``g ``e``bEG EG : ```VCGh
dG e eCG jdGY H QH H a eCG G dG
d eGH Vh IQhH Lh dG- efdG IQGOEG FQ GgCG d GkOGeG dG IRLEG N JbhCG ddGh
H gGHEG QcdG efdG Y dG G e Hh efdG
.G
efdG e Ie IOT jQdG efdG RLG e c e
.jQ 500 gQGe de ICae dch jQdG Lh

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:22 AM

`` ` G

..bYEG hP UTCd dG jQdG

J JGSG
dG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 12

dG jQdG

12
2/3/09 8:50:23 AM

,IQdG d GQk jO hCG ,O``a LJ Y Ge

k bYEG hP UTCH gG j
j h ,G gCGh eG YdG L ekq Y kLJ UCG fCH dG H
UCG EGh YdG YCG H e hCG vjQNG Gk eCG dG H UN eGH OGaEG hCG J
bdGh bGdG Va gG gh ,jQdGh dG UN G L J k LGh
e CG EG IQTEd LM a .UTCG AD`g ``jCG H e J CG dG IdG
EG ;AUCG H Y Gc
k jJ dG GGh gGG e UG LMG hP H
CG dG NdG dP e IOSd gCJh jQJ gCG QJ dG YGdG dG j fCG
.e Y ch ,Anq H YS c dG dG MS EG Zh g j
GdG Gh dG jQd edG SDG Ld IdG dG GQOEG g eh
bYEH GHj CG gQN j jdG FHCG e ddG dG H gG QT aQh INCG
c bYEG hH UN jQJ eGH SDG J M ;AUCG fGbCH dG Y
HdG jQdG GMdG e gZh VjdG j eGh JG c G g
EGh GkjL d dG jQdG eGH H bYEG hP UTCG eO CG ZQh ..SDd
EG dG dH ``jQGOEG dG bCG h jQdG gG UN jW GS EG Oj
dG jQdG f dG g J jQJ GQeh eGH J f LdG CG
.Gh

UTCd dG jQdG" e a
dhh ,IG g gCG Y d IN "bYEG hP
jQd bCG d VGh QJ EG UdG
Me J CG G dhM c ,bYEG hP UTCG
N Rh``dG CG``H dG GG J d Y
e f iDhQ VY N e ``dPh ,I``NCG IdG
,``b``YEG hP ``U``` ` TCG ``j``YQ `` ```e```dG
.G Gg AGNh

13
Tadreeb #3.indb 13

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:26 AM

`` ` G

GOdG H j c .XdG AGOCG

Y CJ ``b ```dG ```W``G cdG
Y ISCG IYe Y j h ,bYEG
Y JYeh bYEG dM Jh a
.YLGh dG dG LGe
VGG MCG G gCdG ch
dG j ``X dG G
JGDe gCdGh bYEd eSEG
.ac dG
CG EG jdG QahdG jh
Y J d jOdG gCdG N
,G gCdG ``eG``dG ``e O``Y
Y SG efdG QNG Jjh
Yh ,G Od gCdG LMG
JGOGSGh deh JfeEGh ``JGQ``b
CG Ve
a j dG dGh
k

k G - j ``dG jdG
SFQ - jC
jG ..``b``YEG ``Y" j
Yj G gCdG EG : "ffEG
,qk Y hCG qk M hCG qk L - bG
Y - JLQOh bYEG ge H
JGQd G fCG aJh cG
dPh ,JZQ ahh dG H G
YLGh ffEG GgCG d
OG```aCG EG ````j``h ,``jO``` ` ` bGh
dGh YdG Y ``jQO``b e
j qk fh qk YLG G
GdG cCJh cQGh efG d
.YLGh SCG
Y G gCdG j c
d XdGh G GQ``` dG
e ie ````bCG EG ``H ``` U``dGh

UdG MJEG
QahdG Vj MhWCG hCG
QGO FQ" jdG OM ``H
ceh ,gCdGh dG GQSG
"dGh jHdG GQSd dG
dG J :fCH gCdG j
qp ``dGh
jEG EG J dG IGh G
e LQO YCG EG G OdG
dGh YLGh dG MGdG
dG ``jO`````bGh Gh ``j``H``dGh
NGJ M ````dEG ```U``dG j
g CG EG ka .dG g GN
UdG aJ g G GH gCdG
dG `` ``eR``dG ``f``` eEGh
,YLGh dGh dG jYdGh
dGh ,bd dG Ua MJEGh
SJh ,aG cG Y
Sj `` G gCdGh ``jQ```dG
,bG GQ``bh GOGSGh e e
``` ` ` ` ` dGh ``` ` dG ``U``a `` a`` Jh
ObG dG Yb
e EG aVEH ,YLGh
dG cGh ,``Y````LG ``e``fG
G K IOjR Y dGh ,fCH
ac Jh ,gf OG``aCG gGh
dPh d SG FSdGh G
TEG ``e e ``LQO EG Ud
.jhdGh dG
bG gCJ eN EG : jh
eN : g je HQCG Y J
,YLGh dG ,dG gCdG
.G gCdGh ,OcCG
OM H QahdG jh

IGhH G edG j CG j : jdG fi QahdG

,H MGh Y EG UdG feEG M e eGh UdG
dG QNG e - dP eCG e - dG Gg j CGh ,a bdGh
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 14

dG jQdG

14
2/3/09 8:50:28 AM

,bd dG K jQdG aJ Y
,dG SG jdG AGLEG h
Jh ,JLCGh ``JGhOCGh ,dh
G eh .a dG h jQdG d
G``Mh ``e``bE SG ``Y``dG ```J
h G``fCG Y
qk Y j ``j``dG bd
.d G dG EG UdG
OM H QahdG jh
G gCJ CG G kcDe NGe jdG
ja a j e a Y
Y gh , UNG Oe gCJ
MG AfG e OdG e CGJ Ie
.iNCG Ie d JOY M LdG
dH d ``k ` bh J ``` fCG ```c
k j eE
GUh
k bqk T Y
k
.SG Yh h

15
Tadreeb #3.indb 15

dG jQdG eGH J Me
j M bYEG hP UTCd Gh
:gCdGh dG GQSG QGO FQ
dG ``` SGQ``dGh ````HCG ``N ``e
gCJ H fCG EG UJ QGdG JLCG
IGhH G edG j CG j
UdG feEG M e eGh UdG
,a ``b``dGh ,``H MGh Y EG
- dP eCG e - dG Gg j CGh
a YGJ CGh ,dG QNG e
CG j G CG c .jOdG bd
JGhdGh dG je e j e j
CG G k``cD`e .eY
dG Y G
k
HGdG J A``Y Y j ``dh``dG
S d Y Ua OjE FG
J dP ,d G dG
d dG UC de aGM

OLh Y j gQJh gCdG eGH

jdG S : e e
QOG``` dG ``a``J ,``` ``fCGh ``fG``` dGh
jHdG eGdG aJ ,gDG G
Gh ISCG qo J ,eRdG Gh
IYG FSdGh ILCG aJh ,d
IYe FSh ,jJ ILCG : e
SLEG eeh ce SGc"
FSh ,LGG e dN H ,"gZh
,G gCd cGe ,UN J
.jObG dG aJ EG aVEH
H gCdG Y CG k e
dMEG Me : g MGG e e
Me K ,d edG dGh
Me J ,gCdG efd dG
.d MdG jYdGh HG
gh NBG He EG jdG jh

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:29 AM

`` ` G

eGdG QNH jdG IQhV EG j

SGQO Y G bd SG
Gh``` dG J ``` Y ``` ` dGh Y
G``Gh eG Od G``D`Gh
.gDG
jQdG eGH SdG
dG JN ``bGh ``eh
VY PSCG ij bG XJh jYQ
L Y ``eCG edG G Y HG
SdG gCG VjdH bG WCG
Gh dG jQdG eGH J
fCH j dGh ,bH UG
YGj CG Me
,gCG jZ dCe
k
: g SSCG QeCG KK eGdG J
XdG H jQdG j CG : hCG
e g Xh Y G Y d
hU CG h```eh ,SQh Y

dG dG) vY bG a (5
.(dG
Y QG M EG j c
,jdG IC`a```G : e ``jG``G H
e eOd ````NG``dG ``e``bEG ``a``J
.cG e Q``N ``jQ```dGh ,Q`` G
``H ```a Q``` c``dG j h
bG jYQ f Rj CG G
IOG d e dGh - gCJ H
QOdG bG jYQ f e fdG
(424) bH AGQR``dG e e
J ``gh - ` ` `g1421/9/25 ``jQ``Jh
eG d bG e qk e gDG
hCG fG ``e``G IQGRh ``e dH
J jW Y hCG UG dG
.qk de k YO dPh Oa he
``fCG EG G````G ``g ``e ``Z``d``Hh

SQ gG
a QcdG jG W jh
hD```dG ``Y ``j``e G ``HG
j dG dG YLG
jQdG Y PSG dG gG EG
e ``b``YEG hP ``U````TC`d dG
,jdG eG ON eM fL
dG YLG hDdG IQGR``H
bd e ``c``e hCG C` ` ` fCG
cGG QhO EG Ge
k ,`` `g1394/4/1
G Y bG gCJ EG dG
bW e jh JGQd SG
Y ``jQO``b e OG``aCG EG e
jQdG ```h ,G ``e YdG
Nh eGd k ah ``LQ``G H
```Lh ``cG``G ``H ``c````e ``jQ``J
aGJ dG G Y dPh jQdG
.cGG
hD` `` `` `dG `` ``Y ```j```e `` ` `V`` jh
Lj ``fCG dG YLG
G jQd e cGe KK
G``Mh LJ c ,G bd
Gh ,edG gCdG cGe jQJ
,dG) g Y jQdG j dG
,BG SG ,G YCG ,IQdG
Vjh (jQJdG ,FGG J
G gCdG cGe J dG dG
: gh bd
H HG e qk L bG (1
.dGh dG hCG dG GWCG
.dG Vh dGh dG (2
.dG Vh aG (3
.QdG bf (4

fCG EG G bd aJ dG GG ZQ : G a .O
dGh,YSGQOYGdSGeGdGQNGEGLj
gDG GGh eG Od GDGh GhdG J Y
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 16

dG jQdG

16
2/3/09 8:50:30 AM

J jG dG CG cCdH
k `
UCG Ch ;```a ```Z``Jh EG `
j OGaCG g UG LMG
e UCG a fGbCG bc IG
H G O j CG G
dG ``g jQJ CG EG Jh ,ec
jqk QNG Gk `eCG j FHCG e ddG
j CG dG gadG e Yf
k hCG
e UN .Y VdG hCG J
k dG dG J J Y
e
dG dH JQWh EG bYEG
UG LMG h``d j
bYEG ``ZQ IOSG bCG
hCG jG hCG jdG hCG dG
J jM J X c .gZ
dG bG Y J ILCGh eGH
dS ``cCG H eG d UJh
k cCGh
.b
IPSCG J bGdG cCJ b eh
i``d `` j`` G ``L``` d``H ``` e ``` W``a
jQd edG SDG dhDG
PJH GhDh`` `H ``j``dG ````Gh dG
Jh ,```G G``g IO``L GN
k
dG H H GG J Y e
``K ``` U``G ``L``` ` MG h`` d
eGh JG c : gh c
,``F```H ``````dG ``` ` ` dGh ,``V``j``d``H
UdG AYEGh ,IjH dG dGh
eh aGh dG jfK j
k G jQd GOdG e dOj
,jC
``k `Yh j ``` Th O``` ``L``J ``gh
V Gfj CG d c ``j``dG Qh``H
S ``j``dGh ,```U``G dG ``g

dG HdG VGSG EG
dG e J dG bG ```WCG
bG Xd G kFGQ fH
`g 1426
k
GP G hH UG dG
efdG Y aG dG bdG
hDdG IQGRh ,dG IQGRh a Gh
jQd edG SDG ,YLG
OQG``G J hU ,Gh dG
YdG jQdG adGh ,jdG
``dG efdG ``gh ,``V``j``dG
250 ``e ```cCG ```X``J ``d``N ``e
cdG GY id WGeh k WGe
MU ``YQ H ``Jh ,SDGh
S H S ``eCG G dG
hP 3 G IQGOEG FQ
jO 1 `` aG`` G ` `g 1429 ``` G
,d dG dG S ,2008
Mh dhdG hDe e OY M
M ,SDGh cdG e
YGdG Gh dG J
.efdG Gd
k
GkOHCG Vj DhJ edG jh
M ,bf dG dG e
e S c gj e dG : j
c ``eCG Ic a jQdG G```SCG
UE a Y e YS
jd e Y j Y gh YdG
c dh ,dG G`` WCG ``b``YEG
g e Y jQJ Ua
k aj ce
?? G
LGh cGT
Ije e Wa IPSCG CGJh
cQe hGO eR dG SQGe

dG ``Y``j jdG OQG`` `G J

XdG ``e MG ``g ``U``G
.WGG e Zh d
``eG``H J ```j CG : `` ` `dG
bYEG cCG Wh SJ jQd
a ``YG``J CGh ,jQJ ```dG
jQda ,dG dG UN
CG j d ;eh e AT
d j b dG G IQb gj
.MW S
cGeh ge J CG : ``d```dG
e cGTh bY AH EG jQdG
UNG ``` YCG ```b
d ,LfEGh eG J
S J jQd eGH
``g ``` ` UCG j ```M ,````dG
dG S W Jh Mf cGG
.iNCG Mf
``` WCG L ``Y `` eCG ``cD` jh
j b jQdG CG VjdH bG
QSG AH e G WGG d
dcEG Y IU IC ``d UN
IO``G f M ;``qk ` ` jQ``J ```
k `f``H
bG ``j``YQ ```f ``e eG
dhdG e Y jOdG HdG G
k
YCH Ad bd Ie Vhb
JGQb ``e SJ ``jQ`` hCG e
.YL H hCG jOa H AGS
SQGh dG IdG CG k e
cGe e GLJ Ba ;jQdG H
SQ e b CG EG G jQdG
.d dG
edG G Y H VY jh

IQb gj CG j d ;eh e AT jQdG : edG VY

dH dWCGh ,MW S d j b dG G
JJ YCG b cTh jQdG cGeh ge H
17
Tadreeb #3.indb 17

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:31 AM

`` ` G
G dG Ua gYCGh ,aGMh
.G dG d fahh ,SGh
QWEG GG LQJ : Jh
;hGO eRe hP e dG jQJ
Y cdG jGdG j ``c M
,SQGH G jQdG ge SJ
dG b jH JG gG gh
dG fGH jdGh ,G YO
,YLG dG fGbh SSCG
G QGhOCGh dG `````dGh
.GeCG fh ,ed XdG
``g ``` Y `` ` `dG `` jQ`` J ``` Hh
a gQNG j GQ```Gh gG
j dG Ff Y AHh ,Jh
jQdG QGSH ``eEG QG``` dG P```JG
dG IQe Y AH ajEG hCG G
.GQG J SGh a Y

H hGO eR dG ``SQG``e
L `` J ```dG - ``SQG``G
gQYH - jG FdG dG
hP `` e ``` ` H ``` ` g``d `` `LP`
k ` `
gh ;G UG ``L````MG
eb ch hGO eRe hhP WCG
j CG H jQH SQGG
QdG ie Y G ke VGSG
.G Gg jQdG
``V``G GH jdG ``e ``Hh
GVG g hGO eRa ;jGdG
```FGR ``` S``eh``c O```Lh ``Y ````j
c e G k``MGh Jh ,G jN
e Jhe ``LQO Jh ,W 800
g e ``gCG CG EG .dG bYEG
hGO ``eR``` e hP ``U``` ` TCG CG
aGhH gYO GPEG dG Y hQOb

f jqk gL GJ
k qk jQJ YO
.JM
hd jQdG YdG Gg CG Jh
j CG ``H UG LMG
UGh eG SDG H cGT
LMG hP jYQ M edG
fG Gg e IN J a , UG
;UG LMG hP Yd GP hCG
GgCG VGh JGSG Vh EG H
N qk M Gk `eCG UCG iG IO``h
H dG g S G IdG
GgCG d jh Yjh G j
LMG hP e IOSd ILG
b GQb H jdG UG
.AjSCG e gZ aGJ
jQJ H
Ije VJ ddG QdG h

jQH gd Gh dG jQd edG SDG LJ : e Wa

jdGh ,UG dG g V Gfj CG d c jdG QhH k Yh j bG
JM f jq k gL GJ
k qk jQJ YO S

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 18

dG jQdG

18
2/3/09 8:50:32 AM

c ,Lah QHEGh ``gh RL eGH

jQdG eGdG J J YGj
ShQO Vhh ,fhdEG SCG Y
RhJ CGh ,G V jEG dG
G a j ec S IQhdG Ie
.BG SG IOb IOT Y jqk H
gh e f EG G jh
````UCG ``jQ``J d dG CG
Y dMh ```U``G ``L``` ` MG
``a``Jh XJ `` `gCG ``H ;IO``` ` ` dG
eG QhdG d SG ILCG
e G j M ,UG dGh
J jh ,G LdG Y Y AGOCG
GMCG j jqk H bG jDhQ EG
G``` dG ``c``` Th GRG`` ` Gh ```f``G
J BG SG ejh
Jh Y dGh YWh eG
.dN e LGd HG eG
- IOSG IQh```V EG Yjh
h`` dG ``e - ``` ` dG ```S```g ``
GQh```d ``eG``H J ``e````G
,Gh dG Sg Y jQJ
SJ dG G e gQYH dPh
Y jQJ GPEG jqk H bG e
.d dG jJh
dN P``` ` SCG ``c``j ``` G h
jd ;`` `VQCG e ``` G CG G
,Y H GPEG EG af ec bW
bW L QSG feEG EG ka
hP UN - UG LMG hP
aJ GPEG - jdG hCG dG bYEG
Jh ``eG``dG O```jEG Y UG
.d jQdG gG

e edH j a JFdG dG
j M ;UG LMG hP
G UY e Y J dG
JSCGh Whh jO JLGh AGOCG Y
,UG LMG hP e fCG H
j Y CH dG Y QOb Z fCGh
e hCG de j CG d UCGh ,H
hCG jT IYe d jh JSCG
JLGH ````dG Y YJ jS
j dG dG Lh gh .jSCG
k UN KQc Y Jh ;IUb fCH
M ,QGdG UCG H gJ GPEG
G FGT e jT Y
.e IOSG ``Yh dG dH
- i`` NCG dG ```Lh J ``M
d hCG e aCG fCH j dGh
k G IOh
IOh MJEG - jC
dG UG LMG hP d
.gZ j fCH GkOYG
UH G dN PSCG Ljh
k de ,jqk H bG f jG
J jQJ eGH J IQhH
d Jh JGQb e SJ eh
FXdG Y G IY
g OYG H UGh dG dG
UNG GP G b e GQhdG
eG FXdG S V LGQOEGh
.fG
UN eGH J IQhV ijh
e SJ BG SG e ed
a ``YG``j ``jqk ````H ``b```G GQ```b
WdG ``eG``dG ``f```eEGh FN
e `````dGh G dH I``a```G

e ```W``a IP``` ` SCG O``````Jh

:hGO eR dG SQGe Ije
bGe jQdG Me CGJ K ``eh
``K Rh``` ` J I`` ``````dG ``` ` dG
QG FJ eh YCG Y GdG
k G J CG Y dG L
JhQ YC
AdG b .H dG j S
AH dG bGe dG jQJ
CG EG QTCG dG dG QdG Y
UG LMG hP dG jQJ
SQ Ua d j dG TQh
jQdG H bGdG g c dG
S dGh dG dG bGe G
a G Hh .a d J
G jQdG efH AdG
`g 1418 - 1417 SGQdG dG jGH
K J h 1997 - 1996 aGG
cGe GJS GYc dW
FdG dG edG IQGOEG
cT i```MEG ```d``Wh ,``j``G
i``MEG ``j``NBG ```d``Wh ,``j`````dG
cGG MCG dWh .WCG cT
a FH Xh IQG jQdG
.G jQdG Ia eEG H
J GN fCG EG J G`k ` NCGh
QWEG H AJQG c Hh ,SGQO
LMG hd jQdG IG YO
``dG ```G ``gh ,G UG
Wd dG ``G `` FGQh ``e jo
.fCG UG LMG UCh
eCG pr jo jQJ
L je G dN PSCG eCG
Lh EG a IjH dG dG

UG LMG UCG jQJ d dG : G dN

d SG ILCG aJh XJ gCG H ;IOdG Y dMh
UG dGh eG QhdG
19
Tadreeb #3.indb 19

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:33 AM

dG jL

GG ```J
Gh VG H

OG```W a gGHEG .O
.IjH dG dG ,fhdEG dG b
iftarrad@yahoo.com

M f fc dG jG dG H Gh dG iG Y jdG QdG JG LdJ NCG

IOSG GG JdG QHh .gadG e jeh aCG IM LCG e Jh fEd G d
.dGh YLGh jObG G T ILG
:GG JdG Y Ia
Y GG JdG Y Ia J
bCGh JdG H FGg JG
- IOY - LJ dGh ;d SQEGh SG
hCG dG WG G SCG Y
ch .dG Z WG GHCG Y
H J G ``e Y
k G Jh ,dG
JGdG H jC
: LQG dH Gch VQCG
GOO`` ` ` `J `` ` `` `` `` `dG `` ` `` `` `` `J
900 GOO``J GP Wehc
GL
qk jb OOdG Ggh Jg e
eG FM, AM GOO`` J e
,GQGOG``dGh jdGh ``YGPEG
- `` `d`` `c - `` e`` ` `` `` `` `Gh
e) R```G ``a jhhG G`` aCG
a eG ``b```dG C` `H dG
GY i```bCG ``jhh````G G`` `aCG
T ``e``````G ``e G`` `G
``g `` ` `Jh ,(```` `` `G `` J`` ` `dG
Z GOO`` ` dG ```M GOO`` ` dG
Non-Ionizing Region ``` jD` G
Y ``KD``J ``` fC` H `````J ````dGh
IQV Zh idG dG jN
fEG M d VdG Y fEd

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 20

dG jQdG

20
2/3/09 8:50:34 AM

dG HCG UN
e IQOdG jOGdG GOOJ -1
JQG CG J G JdG
.fEG L IQGM
```G IQG`` ``M `` ` `JQG `` e `` `H -2
5 - 3 ``e QG``` CG `` MQ
QX CG b je `` LQO
JQG Ggh .H gJ CG
KhM IQG``G ``LQO
G``G jJ jW Y
GG JdG ILCG jW Y h
.f
ILCG WCG GSH j -3
.Ic Id GG JdG

21
Tadreeb #3.indb 21

e c 50 gQb Me d
.He
GG JdG H bdG
edG dGh
Kk HCG idG h``dG e ``LCG
CG IQV Q``KBG CG M e
e IQOdG Ld VdG Y J
M - HCG L fGh .G
Wb dO OLh j fCG EG - BG
T e IQOdG LG bY Y
IQV U Q``KBG C` H G``G JdG
G LGG dG dG Y
T ```FG```d IQh``` G hCG G
.GG
VH dG G eb c
dG ``g d ``YG``bh ````SCG
```dG `` ``eCG Oh`` `M i``` ` J ````H
J ``d``c .``` ` ` Y `` ` `JG
``J``` dG G````````SG `` H `` b`` Y `` ` jCG
M e ``VG``eCG ``VG``YCGh G`` G
.BG
ITdG G eM eb ``bh
SGQOh HCG AGLEH jb bh
je G``G JdG M
;dG dG Y gKCJh VjdG
U QKBG J fCG EG dG fGh
dc ,dG dG Y IQV
I```LCG ``b ``LG```dG ``e N ``L``j
jdG FGg hCG GL Jg
.H UG

.dG GY e jj
``` jD` G GOO`` ` ` `dG CG `` M `` a
ddG GOO`` ` dG ``g Ionizing
,eLh ```dCGh cEG TCG e G`qk `L
``` ` ` Y `` `Y ``` ` J `` ` `dG `` ` `Jh
```dh ,h`` ` `dGh Q`` `dG Q``` ` ` fG
AG``LCG J CG Ic bW
Y ``H``` UEG EG OD` ` Jh ````G
``gh .``` ` ` e O`` ``` d ``V``` ` dG
fEG Y gQV he TCG
,(jW I d VdG M )
G``G ``j``e ``gOO``J OGO`` `Jh
``a ``e``` ` ` ` G GOO`` ` ` `dG ```Y
.dG
SQEGh SG J
H J G MG
, SJ N ch ,jG
OY ``c G M o U ch
e G bdG bh ,G
JG IOL JQGh ,G g
.``````G ``J``` dGh ````G ``H
dG jQdG L ```UhCG G``d
G OY e QcEH GhdGh
d dG G SCG ``a
```d``Hh ,````e IQO``` ` dG ``b```dG
g e G YTEG J
.G
J G ``g e c
jh ,He e c 20 Me
G ``g J jJ ``k `d``M

CG M e Kk HCG idG hdG e LCG

IQOdG Ld VdG Y J CG IQV QK
bY Y Wb dO CG OLh j h .G e
QK CH GG JdG T e IQOdG LG
G LGG idG dG Y IQV U
GG T FGd IQhG hCG G

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:35 AM

dG jL

edG QJ h G QJ
NdG fi H gGHEG .
.BG SG J b FQ

jRJh ,hdEG jdG Y fhdEG

dYCG Qe AdG Y GQe
.dReh
eY aG ADg MCG ch
I``` LC ``j``YO ````dG SG
cdG iMEG e VhY Y Jc
UGG ``g VSG .i``` dG
ILCG MCG Y QNG bh K Id
Sh I```L UGe P VhG
TCG h QG``` H ```HG ``c ,````e

CG EG ,jd ``W I``Y ``L``J

CG g GKC
k J gcCGh dG J ``gCG
e G YbEG hh dG HJ
EG cdG J dh ,Y VJ
jdG CG``H G e jT ``cCG
J ````Uh ```M ``f``YEG ``V```H
,jd Je de EG fYEG J
``YEG bh M dG J OJh
CG EG ,`` d IO`` ` `G ````e``dG I`` `Gh
``f``YEG `` ` `SQEG EG ``j`````dG ``` Uh

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 22

dG jQdG

22
2/3/09 8:50:36 AM

dHh .gJ G
,(RAM) bDe IcGP G Ea
SRAM = Static) JSG dG e
.(RAM
: d dG J jW
fG fdG L : Fetch
.RAM FGdG IcGdG
eRdG fdG j : Decode
.eGhCG g d
SQEG K eGhCG J : Execute
.FGdG IcGdG EG Ff
J dG j bdG e c
?IMGh J
Y ``` ` G ``d``` G ``Y``` S
FQ c Y f e g FdG
SJ YdG gh ,Gh d
.(MHz = Mega Hertz) Jg H
: Y YdG g Jh
Internal) dd NGdG YdG
eG OJ YS gh (Clock
.f dG NGO
External) dd LQG YdG
YS (Clock System Bus
jOGh dG H fdG OJ
.iNCG
``MCG h``` JCG ```S ``` G ```bh
e GSCG MW dG G
: dG fEG cT fL
jG dG g : Dual Core .1
JGf a LJ h fEG e e
IOjR Y YJ I``MGh IGf e
`````G ``Y %20 H AGOCG
Y h ,(Pentium) HdG
LQO J Y YJ jM J
Tc `H JCJ h dG AKCG IQGG
Front Side) bdG OOJ h .e 2
G``fCG 1066 h MHz 800 (Bus
Q``G AGOCG J d e
G gh e ``MCG d
.Core2

23
Tadreeb #3.indb 23

fGh dG H fdG f
.Sd iNCG
ALU=) ``` ` Gh ``` ` G I```Mh .2
: (Arithmetic and Logic Unit
: b EG Jh
J : dG OG`` ` YCG I```Mh -CG
dG HG dG `````
gJh,UOGYCGeJ
OHCG FdG dG dG
g eh ,:Word ,Power Point e
e C ;I``M``dG ``g gCG JCJ
.Y J ef dG eGdG
FPU=) ``` F``` dG ````U```dG I```Mh -
J : (Floating Point Unit
dG HG dG
Jh ,``j````Y Ua ``
dG ``eG``dG b ``e I``M``dG ``g
dG e dG G``g Y J
KdG ````dCG ```e ;```H````G
SdG dG eGHh OHCG
``g `````UCGh ,AutoCAD ```e
,IdG ``g G`qk `L e I``M``dG
J jG dCG C Gk f
k jMh .I``M``dG ``g Y YS
bd G cdG eb
H j e VH TdG
FdG UdG IMh Y OYG
.jG dCG b e
````fh````dEG ``` ` b : ````````G .3
LJ ,G`qk ``L jSh G`qk ` L IU
OG``G `` bQCG dG ``NGO
G I``Mh fL e e
Y CG J j h ,G h
Je H EG ``d```G

``NG GP`` :```dC``S CG EG O``L``H

OLG RG CG G kcDe ?RG Gg
f L .aCG dG YCG
a NBGh RL H dGh UdH
``jRCG ch ,``d dH k U ec
Uh M .SCG jj dG
dGh YGfCGh G Y jM
.VG Gg Hd GM H
`` ` `` ` ` ` `G Q`` ` ` `` ` ` ` J `` ` ` ` `d
J ``` ` H (Processors)
IGQ e eG i``NCG jOG
G CG LQO EG ,YdG g
IOLe YdG g CG j b
L2 YS ``d```e : `k ``e !`k `` UCG
f 2^000^000^000 = Jg
dj CG j dG G``g ;fdG
```f```dG `` H 2^000^000^000
AG``LCG L eJ ``M I``MG``dG
J h .YdG H e iNCG
e UJ j ``dG dG YS
H je ``LQ H jS bf
j ``dG ``dG EG M jGdG
FdG IMdG g da .c
JdG EG NGdG eGhCG dJ dG
LQGh (...,IQC` ` dG ,JG Md)
jh (...VdG RL ,TdG) e
: g GMh IY e dG
I`` ` `` `` `` `dGh `` ` `` `` `dG I`` ` ` ` Mh .1
IMdG gh : (CU=Control Unit)
fdG dG Y dhDG
H dOJ Jh ``d```G ``NGO
I``Mh .``` ` NG``dG ``d``` G AG`` ` LCG
Bus Interface) bdH JG
J dG IMdG gh : (Unit

iNCG jOG J H G QJ
CG LQO EG ,YdG g IGQ e eG
!UCG IOLe YdG g CG j b G

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:37 AM

dG jL
``` Jh : Intel Core2 Duo .2
Jh ,k dY AGOCG G ``g
M ;bdG SG e dH
e 291 Y dG G``g j
cSG dh ,QjfGJ I``Mh
,G 40 H fG bd
L `` `dG AGOC` ` `d ``a``J ``e
h `` G ``b``dG dG
``a```G ````dG ``JC``Jh .```````G
j ``T``` H ````` G `` g ``e
h FSB 1066 OO``J h e 4 EG
``MCG 2^93 iJ YS
j AGOCG d ..`````G ``g
dG e ``MCG Y MG
.dG
Intel
Core 2
Quad .3
HQCG hP de g : Processors
h 12MB ``` bD` e I`` `cGP ``e ``j``fCG
Yj `` MHz 1333 = FSB
J IY J Y G
``MGh `` bh ``` e I`` Y `````Jh
``` dG AGOCG ``` Y ``` a``` G ``e
.dd
g : Intel Core2 Extreme .4
G ``g e UN IQG``` UEG
jj AGOCG ```J h X6800 SH
G e ibCG Y %70 H
.dG
: Intel Core i7 Processor .5
de `` cPCGh ``` SCGh ``MCG j
``HQC eM ``gh ,G ILCd
.MGh de jfCG
JHG ``` dG Centrino J .6

j ``M ,Gh25 ``Y ``j``J

L 3 YH Pentium 4 ``d```e
CG ..Gh 100 EG J ``b``W ``J``g
G``M j ``` ` G ``d``` e CG
jh .O``` ` YG ``d```G ``b``W ``HQ
IC`` I``cGP Y M H de
de j ``M 1MB ``Y J
512 ``` ` I`` ` `cGP ``` Y 4 ``` ` ` H
de AGOCG CG EG ````j `` ,KB
O```j GHz 1^7 ``Y````H M `````H
CG CG ,dG H 4 H AGOCG
hCG Oj M - H e GHz 1^7 AGOCG
2^6 YH 4 H de AGOCG Y jj
H GHz 3^0 Y J b h GHz
.GQNG
KK g CG EG TCG jdG h
CG aGJ CG j j
: gh ,jS J j
Intel) ``j``H``e H ``` fEG de
.(Pentium M
(Intel Chipset 855) - fEG FGT
.e bW SH Jh
.(Wireless) S T Qc

ILCG e J ,fEG cT
`````G `` g ``Y``Jh ,``` ` G
Pentium Mobile ``````
CG (M) ````H k dZ d ``e``jh
..dG I``` LC``H UN ``` fCG
ILCG e H a gCG dh
dG ILCG eh G
a ;bd cSG c ``g
ILCG G gCG e CG G
YS IY d Hb dG
ddh ,a jQdG Y OYH
dG I``` LCG e j
Qb ``bCG J SM ``` fE
b EG aVEH ,bdG e
.IAdG IOjRh RdG Nh G
bW Pentium M de jh .7

TM

TM

f e g FdG Y G dG YS
Y Jh ,Gh d FQ c Y
YSh ,f dG NGO eG OJ YS
iNCG jOGh dG H fdG OJ
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 24

dG jQdG

24
2/3/09 8:50:38 AM

``` e

FGah jQdG
Gh FdG UdG MCG jQdGh gCdG CG H qn G e
BG SG J h G ac dG d dH
GQk J G Gg j M ..UG Lh Y fhdEGh
fG CG H dG IG f QhO e j Gc
k
eG LddG g Y Z UCGh MG FSh
.GMCG e M CH
``cG``e ``N ``e dGh ``jQ````d ````G ``c```T ``g````Jh
Ic ge - G We IG - jGQgf
NdG Y GQk Ob j M OdG dG gCJh jQJ
gCGh jdG dG dG Gg QhH e fk EG ,dG S
SG dG dG MC k ah dG gCdH J
,WG gcG J dG GQh``dG N e BG
d jG FHC LG IOL Y FGO H cdGh
.UGh dG YdG dG S WGfGh
JeHOh JGOT Y UGh cGG H Gh
Xh Ua
m e d MJCG eh GOdG g gCG Y hcDj
d cGG g eJ dG SGQdG id Gk f IR
k ,H
IL FXh Y j jN e %70 f CG Y a
GQG HcG H ITe LJ H JgDeh SJ
cG OLd QGbGh IAc H dG b eRdG GQ```dGh
gjhd ``U``G dG cT ``e d gCdG
"jGQgf" cGe GOT j jG HQH
OdG d Xh Ua eCJh IOdG eGH YO H
.dG Y JQbh JAc KCG dG

25
Tadreeb #3.indb 25

jQdG ddG .
.dGh jQd G cT FQ

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:40 AM

e T

:jh

`d b j G gGHEG fi dG hG YCG LQ

,G jQdG Fe
! eCG CGH dG JYheh
e dG jSCG ahX ,Y Y GQk f GhQU M dG gASCG Gf jdG YCG LQ e MGh g
CG OdG Gg Qb
.dG dGh dGh H G fe EG Uh CG EG dG jW UGe
,d j CG Oj dG ShQdGh ,M H a Vj QGM G gGHEG H YCG LQ J
fL e G YdG X UN Ic fe j UCG fCG EG j dGh ;H G jQd jDhQ EG aVEH
QhH QWEG Gg GkOe ,jQdG gCH YdH gG IQhV EG QTCG fCG EG ;jQdG Y FdG d dhDG
YCG LQ QhO EG f c .G J SEd OG dG f dG jHdGh IYdGh LG FCG
FSdGh ,jQdGh dG e Je EG G dG e QGG Jh .JSDe jW Y jQdG IG YO
fQGM gMW iNCG f EG aVEG ,e YCH dG Y dG H QGUEG jCGQh ,dG d fCG
...QGG UJ Ea ..G gGHEG H YCG LQ e
Y `````G ``jQ``` dG P``````j
```f```Uh ``dhD` ` ` G `` e ``d``H ``` ` gG
gG Gd SfG
iJ g ..QGdG
k
IOSG ieh H jQdG Vh
G jQdG Uh gh ?JSDe e
?H FdG iG EG
j fCG iQCG G jQd dH Se e jh ,IL IJh Y
Me IY d LJ d ,dG e
G fL e gG j a ,Y
EG dG hO ``HQ```G O```H G
,jQdG Gg N fj dG "dG"
c ,geh jQdG Yf g j a
e HQj HQG H g CG
iQCG ddh ,Y jQdG Zj
Y jQdG dG CGj CG b fCG
dG G EG dG j CG e e
,d MU ieh H dG Zj
a ,a eeCG G jQdG EG dh
QT IY dG Qj CG G e
,d U Z G J CG j K
gCJ S g J CG bCG ddh

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 26

dG jQdG

26
2/3/09 8:50:40 AM

iNCG Ie jQdG e EG GhOa ;a

QG a dG G Y QdG GWh
C dPh ,gQNH YbEG dP b
G O fc jGdG ZQ
S fCG GX e IOT Y
gQNG ``eCG ,G G``HCG d J
.G ZQ e k Hf a dP H
dGh WGG OTQEG dhdG Yh
,eCG f QhOh jQdG gCG EG
j CG j dG hCG G da
IQhV EG dG dCGh ,G keh k Y
Y jQdH FdG G cJ CG
,M jQJ hO GOdG eh HdG
CH dG PCG gCG CG j gh
e a ,````J ``g``Mh GO`````dG
HdG ``e GhQ``` Uh G``Y``HCG AdG
dPh ;```SGQ``dG a ``ZQ J
GfJh H GdG dG G GMCG fC
dG CG c .fah JGQe J
````dG ```H JM CG``` J CG ```j
Y eCG ,MG H J h eG
fCa ,H ``jQ```dG ``` jDhQ
f CG j dh ,Fe qk T
dH dPh ,HW Y jQdG jW
CG j dG jQdG G aCG Y
Gh bd GaJ
k dPh ,dEG GLj
.Gh
c AY YCG LQ gc Y j
gh ..dG XJh jQJ
Y QhdG GH j e YCG LQ e
a ..hNBG j M ,Lh N
?YCG LQ fL e QhdG Gg J
AY YCG LQ Y j cCdH dhda ;dG XJh jQdG e
LQ dh ,AT c J CG J d
;Nh JLJ J ``` YCG
dGh G eN ZGdG a
AD`gh ,QJh f gG EG
jQdG YO Y hNCj jdG
Qj a ``NBG dG ``eCG ,XdGh
Y ```a ````jh ,``` ` SEG G``g b
JHM ``bQCG YJ dG FSdG
dG CG EG gf dCG ADgh ,dG
IYeh AdG J Id idG

27
Tadreeb #3.indb 27

fL ``e gCdGh jQdG Ia qo J

e YJ EG ``eCG j dh ,G
,LGh AdGh LG FCG fL
SJ dG G EG dG LJh
``cPCGh ,``d N e a ,JGQe
VjQ SQGe iMEG je H j e g
SCG ``N ek j Oj ``dG AG``G
G SQ Y SQe eJ jQd
,G d Gj M dPh ,G
e j dG MCG JCG jCG IY eh
a ,jdG d d SJCG CG
d j ``fC UG dG EG LdH
,H Ga N OGh G QdG
.k H a bdG a G dG eCG
I````dG dG ``J``N `` bGh ``e
: gh jU
GDk S dEG Lf CG jf
k
M H jQdG b j GPe
O```dG ``jQ``` dG i`````e EG ````j
GP jd ``jQ```dG UCG ```dG eG
b ````jDhQ ``eh ?```c C``T
?gCdGh jQdG
k G QdG dG ZJ j hC
ie Y HQe K ,G Y
cT YCG c M fCG cPCGh ,Y
Y dG jQJ j c eGQCG
,dG jQJ ch ,jQdG c
K ,jd bdG eG SGh
a ,``` dG ``jQ``J ``dP H CG```f
k G HQG Qj CG IQhV YCG
Y jC
kUJ ``cCG FSdGh ,jQdG c
.Hd GQGh ed
dG Q````NG IQh``` V ```Y `` `dOCGh
``MCG GhQ b j dG d
dG e KK jd c M HQG
Y G O jQdG ZGdG
Yh Y dM ```Hh ,IO````T
Gj G J

ZGdG j jQdG Ia jGH b

,deh JGQb Y dN jQdG
QNG CG``` j CG b ``J```ZQ O``` jh
``dPh ,Y Q```j S dG G
gG j c ,HQG IY
GPEG Q````a ;HQG ie H
a Je JGQeh JfeEG fc
GPEG eCG ,QG Y jQdG e j
Y k U j S k V Ge c
AdG ba ,QG EG eG UJ
.j CG GMCG e M CH j
``dh``dG O``` L ``S````fG ``Y ```eCG
a G ```Y ``jQ```d``H ``` ` gG
dG G Q``jh ,Th VGh
GRCG e fCG EG ,QWEG Gg CGW dG
J M ;BG FdG VdG e k e
Z i``NCG L e H fSG
bGeh fe jQJ jh HQe
OdG dG M GPEG M LfEG
Ge j a jQdG Gg Y
CG ``d``G ``g Q``` dG CG EG ,G k``` L
M EG e jOdG Z Je
fL e J EG j ``eCGh ,e
EG dG g TCGh ,YCG LQ
Q``G e GH fSG IQhV
Q```aCGh G````H dG S d
,``j``aG``dG AD` ` g G`` N ``e ``eR``dG
EG `````T ``e `````j ``````S``a
e HQG OG``YCG IOjR CG c ,NBG
Y H MGh I``G J fC
g f EG ODj ,Jhe GQeh
.bG GhCG jH GG
CG EG gCdGh jQdG gCG ZQ
gC Ye ``Z GR ``e dG
jQdG EG IdG CG iJ g .GhLh
? UCG G
Mf e TH Gc
k aCG VdG

gCG EG dGh WGG OTQEG QhO dhdG Y

hCG G da ,``eCG f QhOh jQdG
dG fCGh ,Geh Y j CG j dG
SGQdG GOdG Y H AcG H

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:42 AM

e T
.WdG eN gGh ,jNBG
e Y YOh ebEH gG d
T dGh dG dG jQG
ek SEG YGh dG aGhQ e kGaGQ
k
c ..H dG Ie Ya
?dG gG G``g hJ
M ``````d``H ``jQ``` dG ``H``f ``` ch
ie GP T A```H ``e J
?jQdGh dG fG Y L
j dG SSCG IcdG g dG ,b dH egGh ; CG Y
Gg dhdG IYe Qb jGdG eh
eGQCG cT YCG c CG e ,G
JH A``` HCGh ``F``eR CG ```M ``M
aj M jEG dG j
CG f Y dBa ,HdG dH HdG
e Ggh ,AG H bCG
he je bCG K .G H a
f d SQGe ebEH G
.IL ``JGhQ SQd YCGh ,eCG
,Vjd HgP H IG SG K
HUCG e SQe jTG H Hh
k Xe ch ,``` JQGOEG Gh```J ``j``dG
Y IQY k JGQ VJCGh G dP
M ;k ac j ``fCG EG ,``jQ 1200
j M G j f ``c
M ah ,SQG Y NBG dG
MCG Y
qn bGh ,hG dG
dG dG MCH fSG AbUCG
j CG Y ,fdG aO YS
k jJ GS 4 Nh ,HQCG K Y
L HCG Xh ,G Y SG
OY c WCd VhQ aH QWEG Gg
k 24 geJ
EG hG SJ K ,GJ
,c H edG OGYCG YJ CG
.dW dCG 13 EG SQGe Uh M

h ,eM Xe jG c j
j CG EG dhdG bdG f
YCG d eG jhGhdH dG
qk gh J G CG Th ,dhdG
e c
SdG a ,jNBG Y gGe
hCG XdG Y j CG j e
,JGG YCG EG a j M G
k e c dG AbUCG MCG g cPCGh
Y dHh ;eM Xh dG Y
h .GS
k UCG CG EG LQG IQGRH
d j dG g HG
dG fCG h```jh ,eG
gh ,QdG dG h UG dH
dh ,SdG Y J G YRh gGe
JfeEGh JGQb dG Oj CG G
,JM a j CG Zj dG Gh
jQdG GQhdH e
dEG j CGh
k
.dEG j dG QeCG ac
gMCG iCGQ GPEG fCH dG fCGh
dG LdG ``e j S ``fCG
jh GQk a dEG Lj CG Ha XdG
``eCG ,UG ``aQCG EG j M a
dhdG FXh j dG c GPEG
MCG EG Lj CG Ha Q MWh
G f G YCG LQ
JGdG c d M jd jh j dG
S G C ;eG dG e bCG
Yj CG G eh G d j
.JGdG dP
AHBH J e f EG g TCGh

k G Qb HgG jYQ gCh

jC
dGh ,dH Hgd SQe aG
eCG G dG MU Y T
JG dG jdG Y H QH H a
h TdG M dG jRH
gc ```Vhh GAG`` `LEG ``a``c J
.SQGG J SSCG M
IQdGh dG e dc CfCGh
ebEG a c ,H U ``dG
Ff H d FdG G
d ICG`` G ```J M G ``NGO
c d M ,gZ e G``G OJh
k
G j CG dhMh ,H
``LCG
aGJ CG dG egG ac
.gJh d
````Gh ``e``` G ``` ` dG ``` c``J
jdG d J GPe ..hG
aGJ ZQ eG dG Y hj
e Z d eeCG Ie Ua
?G
G EG ```dG j CG ``H CG jqk QhV dh ,a dG j dG

XJh jQdG e QhO YCG LQ Y

ZGdGa;NhJLJJdh;dG
gZ j dG bdG f G eN
dG JHM bQCG YJ dG FSdG Y EG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 28

dG jQdG

28
2/3/09 8:50:43 AM

dG Y FHCG QLEG Y IQhV gh

,AHCG j c dh g Zj k ah
Y dG KCdH Qjh N eCG Ggh
.dG e
AGh LG FCG QhO Y cDhCGh
bh dG gCH dG YJ
Ha ,Gh d dH
aK EG dG IdG Gc
k Lj
YLG aK EG Lj H ;jO
``H ``a``dGh G J gJ
.ANdGh dG jW
ee Ldh ..hT d
J `` ` gCG `` e ..``` ` a ``a``` J CG ``` j
d J ```dG ``e```Gh h````dG
?Je dG
hdG g jGh feCGh dG aVEH ,Y dG d FdG
e h``` ` dGh .````dG ``U``NEG EG
k `` e ``d `` ` cPCGh ,`` j`` NBG
e ``d``d `
MdG c M ;dG JM
ce J GhOGQCG GPEG AGG VjQ
e "qk fe" GhMCG gZ hCG Q
,jQ 500 Y j IjH je

egGh ; CG Y j dG IcdG dG
dhdG IYe Qb jGdG eh ,b dH
Uh CG EG k dW 24 `H SQGe rCGHh ,G Gg
dCG 13 EG G gOY
~

k G ```TCGh .G ``e``bEG
jC
Y a ;YGG GMG IQhV EG
.T C dG

,d G kjT bk gQEG j c dG eCG

d J fhJ L ebEG a
dHh ,gZh ``eRCG g Y dG

JGdG IdG
: dYCG gCG
HW O``Y H ```eCG f d ``SQG``e aG
.dW
m 1500
.fk YQGG AHCG d SQe SCG
.1958 Y dG d ef SQGe aG e hCG
AfCG qk SQe e 250 e ``cCG AH ``CG
.G
VjH dGh IQd G jQdG e AH gS
.AGG
20 Y jJ dH ee HJ VjQ Of
m hCG SCG
.jQ e
bddGGgGHEGHAfEHJ
.AGG VjQ a jQ e 12 EG Uh dH
.gCG edG c SCH FHCG e b
.G e G SDe AfEH b
60 e cCG EG J dG d e J gj
.jqk S e

29
Tadreeb #3.indb 29

.G gGHEG H dG
1925 Y dG e AGG VjQ je dh
.f Y j L U hX Cfh
: G Y
.dGh Hd WdG cdG IQGOEG FQ
d G gGHEG H SDe IQGOEG FQ
.jQdGh
.dH fhdG G IQGOEG FQ
VjQ a BG```dG dG FdG
.dG e AGG
VjQ a YLG dG d dG FdG
.dG e AGG
: dG JGN
jQGOEG GQhdG e OYh edG jfdG Y dM H
.eGQCG cT Y
J K VjdG eL jQGOEGh dG hDd Gk je Y
.QJh YJ dG dG dYC

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:44 AM

AGdGh dG

JcdG Y
World of Chocolate

dG dU H fi .O
.IjH dGh AGd dG dG Y

IAc Y gSh JOL Jh ,dG T ie Y SGh H dG jG TCG e JcdG J

Theobroma) hcdG Id dG jRd QhH e JcdG Jh.Jh J jWh J NGdG OGG
fZ e FGSG WG hO QJh GQhCG jY IT gh ,QeCG 8 e je EG YJQG j dGh (Cacao
.IQH 40-25 e NGH Jh dG AGN hCG AGU hCG AGM eEG VdG gQKh ,jgh jRGdGh dG MSh
hcdG QhH e
Cocoa Seed Treatments :

T d)hcdG IK OM H
J ,(``` ` ` dG hCG dG dG
j dGh G hCG QhdG e jh
Gd k J e K eh
: ddG
Fermentation dG Y -CG
: Process
FG OLh hcd GQhH J
VH ```dPh ``eR``dG ``````fEGh
d ````SCG ``e e jOU
AKCG QhdG e dG dG jH
fh QhdG J h ,dG Ia
f GME dPh NB hU e
Y dG Y Jh .dG g
IQGG ``LQO a aJ MGe IY
Jh r 50 EG 30 e Qe H
d k J ``dPh ,``jCG 10 EG 2 e
g G``gCG Jh .dG ``LQO h
: JBG dG
QhdH G QdG dGREG J
.LRdG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 30

dG jQdG

30
2/3/09 8:50:45 AM

QhdG OJ dG g e AfG H
e Q````d jH ``dP h I```T```e
dG Y jc Y ODjh .AGdG
J h Qhd eM W J EG
g IOjR eCG ,edG dG h dH
QX a RdG e cCG dG
dG V h QhdG hG dG
.H dG dG OGe e
: Dehulling QdG dGREG -
%12 GM hcdG QhH Qb
dGREG J h ,Qhd dG R``dG ``e
Z Qh```dG Y N V AG``LE` H
aG fGSCG jW Y IQG
Qd J Y a V H
j .d ec T ``f EG OD` j
Ne SGH HZ Y AGLEG dP
``K K H IRG``g
.AGdH J h QdG
Mixing of `` ` ` ` `` ` `UCG `` ` `N -O
:Varieties
H e UCG N j e k dZ
: GgCG Id dP h dG
HG UGG Y G
h dG H e fRGH dP h G
.QhdG dG
M ,jObG fG G j
hCG ,``NBG e Gk S YCG H EG
``H``Z``G ````UCG aJ ``b
G a ,e bh GSCG
.e H JcT fE
Grinding : dG -`g
Y IQG G QhdG J
j h .dG h TG g Me
Jje fGSCG N e TG
G GQh``J h i``NCG ``a I``MGh
Jg h .dG H Y ``FGO
NGO H JOhe fGSCG
aj K .TG Y d N
E dG GMh EG TG f
J eG fMdG h .dG

31
Tadreeb #3.indb 31

hCG edc HdG dG e jJ

GSH fG dG hCG IQ```G
M .G jQdG h dG Ge
Y Qhc MGe IH hcdG QhH
K fG dG OS We
K GP jRGgG Ne Y
e GQJ dJ hG IOhe MCG
QdG h G QhdG OS AGdG
J c dG Qh```dG ``Y ``H``JCG h
j M NG Y jQdG Y
.IM Y M c
: Roasting dG -
dG OCG e dG g J
``gAG``LEG EG PEG JcdG YU
Ic LQO EG Oj G dH
eEH h .FdG G IOL ie
: JBH dG g FGa LEG
J M QdG `` dGREG J
.a j dH h e
.HZG dG OGe QXEG
Qhd G edG dG dG QXEG
.hcdG
HWQ e NBG GAk L QhdG J
.(Ff Y)
"fdG" e QhdG i J
OGG H e dc dG HdG
.HZG Z IQdG
QhdG f UGN Y KDJ IQGG
jJ h A``G fk HhP ``cCG a
.jcdG i e
dG IQG`` M `` LQO hG`` J h
h .bO 50 - 30 I`` h - 105 ``e

Jh ,IQ``` dG L jM ``bh
hM d a jG dG
.gd fJ
G OG`` G jJ I``Y````G
.hcd IG d
.HZG dG GdCG jJ
Drying `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` dG `` ` ` ` ` ` ` Y -
: Process
Qhd H Z Y i``
``dP h A`` G ``e ```T```T``H I`````G
Y i`` K QhdG e d
HWdG f dP h dG
bCG EG (%60 - 40) IG QhdG
.QhdG Y jdG %8 e
qk T eEG g dG Y ih
IQGG LQO jJ CG j h qk YU hCG
Z cGO GdCG J M 60 r Y
fe ```a ```j CG h ``H``Z``e
.dG
Seed h`` `c`` `` ` dG Qh`` ` ` `H `` j`` ` `J -
: Storage
Y h``c```dG Qh``H jJ j
QhdG J i JQ dP h bO
Gd VY a gdG OGG e
ddh .``f```dG UN h HZe ``Z
%72 J f HWQ Y QhdG J
.25 Y jJ IQGM LQO Y h
JcdG J
Chocolate Manufacture :
h``c``` dG Qh`` ` `H `` jQ`` J h ``` ` ` J -CG
: Cleaning & Graduation
b ``FG```T CG ``e Qh``` dG J

dG jG TCG e JcdG J
Jh ,dG T ie Y SGh H
J NGdG OGG IAc Y gSh JOL
,G ,IOdG YGfCGh ,Jh J jWh
GG Y jG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:47 AM

AGdGh dG
fGSCG K H je VM e
jdG fGSCG ,e T Y
Vh cJ h dY YH GQhJ
iNCd Oe G e c SCGQ
dG ae H Gh
.HG dG LQO M Y a
cM a dG fGSCG ``eCG
G f IO``jR Y J jFGO
Gk fh .jdG fGSCG e dG
j fEa (%50 e cCG) gdG JQ
aj jJ f OLh dG AKCG
,40 - 30 OhM IQGG LQO Y
dG FXh gCG EG dG eEH h
: J
IQG G Qh``` dG ``j``
FS IQU fe EG
FGQ P h dG H GdG c
hCG G JcdG SH j jb
.JcdG FS
`` ` `` `UCG ````N I`` Y`` ` `` `G
.G
.jd RdG G J
QhdG jdG jG J
.hcdG IHR USG j
FS) dG Y e dG j
fEG Sj h dGb (JcdG
UN He j hCG JcdG
jh ,h``c```dG I``HR US
.hcdG e fE G
``` ` ` dG `` `e `` J`` c`` ` `` `dG `` ` `N -h
Blending with: i`` NCG ``f```Gh
o

dG g J h .JcdG f
IjY J d LJ UN GMh
e J dG ddG gdG dBG gCG
f H h dG e Ije VGMCG
jW QPCH IOhe h NGdG e J
hCG jM fGSCG e ``c jf
EG ``W H J K fe
j h .VGMCG NGO G h eCG
IQGM LQO Y dG f V
S a ,JcdG d Se
50 Y G JcT gJ G
75 - 60 Y IOdG JcdG h
f jJ G JcdG GfCG eCG
IQG``G ``LQO a a eGdG
dG g J . 90 - 80 Y
.YS 30 - 20 EG J b jW Ie
Y ``FG``a R``` jEG ```eE``H ``e`
k ``Yh
: JBG gdG
Y e HWdG e A``L ``dGREG
.JcdG
dG IQdG cG H ``dGREG
.HZe Z f J
hcdG IHR e bQ W jJ
o

dc ,dG j ``d``d Ih`` G

g eG iNCG OGG J
OGe h G h GG e YdG
.(dG gCG e dG) SG
UN ce IG ``g i``
e JcdG FS e Y IQdG d
.iNCG fG h dG
Powdering:JcdG J -R
J ``g dG ``g ``e VdG
Ic LQO EG JcdG Gb
QXE ``dP h JjL M H
h``J ``` Y `` Z`` G ``` g``dG ``` ` dG
.JcdG
Fining : gdG Y -
UdG g gdG Y e VdG
fdG h edG e dY LQO EG

Ingredients

b ``` W hP ``J``c``` ` dG ``F``` S

JQ f dY FGZ b GP JcdG
dCGh gdc FdG FGdG UdG e gGfi
,OGh eCG e jdGh edGh JhdGh
IcCG GOe e dY GcJ Y c
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 32

dG jQdG

32
2/3/09 8:50:48 AM

.a dG h hcdG
M hCG IQOH IQU j b dG G Y h : G JcT
.e
.GG Y j hCG IM f GP JcT
JcdG GfCG FdG fd jdG jG dG j dG hGh
: G

gdG f G eGL
G
dG
%
%

FS
JcdG JcdG f
%

dG
%

42-34

--

50-40

45-25

IOS JcT

39-28

12

55-35

17-7

M JcT

60-50

12

39-29

29-9

d JcT
c jBG

%20-10) G adG e e
jdG KCG c .(IdG ac e
UNh - JcdG AGMG HCG e
e dY GcJ Y - e cGdG
G YJ dGh IcCG GOe
SG GPEG jGdG J VGeCG e
CG EG aVEH .gdG ie KCJ
YU iNCG SG Jcd
.gZh dG OGeh jhOCG

JcdG jJh M
: Preservation& Storing
dG UGG e dG cDJ
IMGh S JcdG q MU Iq e CH
O```dG `````Sh ,IQq `` `G O``` dG
Y JcdG M jh ,IOQ``` dG
HWQh 14o Y jJ IQG``M ``LQO
.%60RhJ f
dG FGdGh FGdG dG
Nutritional Value & Health
: Benefits

FGZ b GP JcdG J
f jZCG e dH fQe dY
FGdG UdG e gG JQ
GQk ````e L) ``g``d``c FdG
JhdGh ``` dCGh (bdH qk Z
eCG VMCG fH bCG Y Z)
``g````TCGh) ````e`````dGh (````S```SCG
eCG e jdGh (`g ,, : ea
,SJdG ,ddG e) OGh
G``` c``Jh (``jO``` ` dG ,G

33
Tadreeb #3.indb 33

K EG OD`j dG M M
.H e fG QfG
Jh JcdG J -
:Forming & Packaging
fGN cgG JcdG J
IQH dG j M , IOhe
J HK IQG``M LQO Y Ie
fG JcdG J .qk JeJhCG
EG ``qk ` dBG j ``dG dG ``N EG
Y j `` G G`` g h ,``` c ``M
dH dGb Jcd U GMh
G G``g LGj dc .G
.dG h dG h dG G`` Mh
``jh``J ``g dG ``N ``e `` gCGh
dG GMdG SCG jJ H
.dG Y AKCG JcdG eJ
,UN jY J ``j```dG a
j ``b A````dG ``j```dG EG ```M
e ``` G I``` c ```j``L ``j```J
jdG jdG ODj b dc h ,gdG
e hcdG I``HR e AL fG EG
J JcdG j b Gg h ,G
e IOY ddh .dG Qh jR Gk QKBG
IQGM ``LQO Y fCG jdG j
AG``g QJ QGeEH dP h 10 - 8
J .JcdG Qh ce G
h bO 45 - 30 G``M jdG Y
g h Jcd jdG Y J b
.jdG f dG Y J
Chocolate : ``J``c````dG G`` fCG -
o

Types

e IO``` ` e G`` ` `fCG `` ` `fEG ```

jdG jW Y dP h JcdG
c fG ``f h f G
G```dG h dG jd ``dP h N
Fe ````U GP ````G ```L hCG
.e d
: JcdG GfCG TCG
Common Chocolate Types

e J dGh : IOdG JcdG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:49 AM

AGdGh dG

hdG MCG QW .O

G e
SdG GdG

FGdG dG J b - FGdG YdG PSCG

.IjH dGh AGd dG dG

YU eGSG T H SdG OGG fe H HhGh FGdG dG J QNCG Y jG c

UN
YU G cG Jh Sd G hdG cdG EG dP ijh ,e dG Jh JGY
k
VM bQh IQGG LQO KCJ dch ,Y jZCG jJ Ia W KCJh ,JU G aG cG
SdG G ddG f KDj c ,a ICG ``jhOCGh FGdG dG EG Jfe H J ``LQOh fd Y
.eGSG eS Y Ad jPf LQOh JGY jWh
: SdG cJ
SdG OGG j
J gh Polymers J ce
hCG I``MGh jY IO``e e G``Mh e
d Hb c jL Rh GP cCG
IQY e dG jh ,ZdG M
dEG jh ,jhchH ce Y
HcE Additives aG OGG H
eheh fdGh fhc e UGN
``cCG ``gh ,Ad aTh d
H IQdG gQGhOCH Jd VY
.fEG
: Sd FdG GfCG
N G`` M G````SCG aj
``N``J ``` dG G````d```dG ``e ``Y`
k `f
EG J SdG YU
: g FQ Y
Thermoplastics jQGM FGd : hCG
k U j SdG e f gh
h ,``jO``` dG IQG`` `G `` LQO ```Y
jcCG jh ,J IOYEGh HGPEG
HhdG jYh jEG jYh jdGh
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 34

dG jQdG

34
2/3/09 8:50:50 AM

gd ehe IH R fC iNCG
``H``W``` d ``` jP``` f `` ` Yh `` `j`` `dGh
.GRdGh
(PS) jjdG jY -6
ehG jT SdG e f gh
jG hdGh jhdGh ed
,HUh fd adH jh
dG GhOCG YU jh
qn
OGG H GY h WCG YVQh
.dCc FGdG
(PES) SEG jY -7
OG``Gh dGh IQGd he ``gh
,AHd UdG ```Lh ,jhdG
bCGh dCG YU jh
.dG e GYh
gdeQa ee -8
a ,IQG````H j ``f ``gh
YU jh ,J IOYEG
```g``Zh G``` ` dGh ``` ` dG ````WCG
.eH IQG
: iNCG OGe -9
e SdG G``` ` ` SG j
FGdG GdG YU iNCG OGe
G fCG FbQ :e FGhdGh
G ``a``````dGh ,``` ` jEG ``j```H
G HhdG jYh ,jEG jH
.fCG
:SdG GdG jGe
SdG OGG GSG T
k jZCG GY YU
QdG Y VY
: ddG gjG OGh LdGh
NQ dHh LfEG c VfG -1
.K
.CGdGh cBd eheh fRh N -2
IQG````d ```d``Yh J dS -3
.AHdGh
a Ad YGfCG H aT -4
YG G````dG j `` jDhQ
.e
jhdG KCd H ehe -5

35
Tadreeb #3.indb 35

VJ dG jZCG J dSG
JQH jh ,dG IQGM LQd
fh MGh HWdG ``Y Y
Y J dG dG IQGM LQO Y
.U QGVCG CG d J h 5
```Hh``H `` `H) ``` Hh``dG ``j``Y -3
(PP
k
e aTh h
HU cCG gh
Jh ,PP HhdG jY jEG jY
KEG jY e YCG HUh fhe
.f jEG jY eGSG dh
aGJ jEG jY -4
IQG``G `` LQO eh jh
HWd jPf bh ,300 M JG
jG hjh ,T fd ,GRdGh
j dd ;L H jdG
MHG LGhdGh dG G J
H Jh ,gZh IGh IOG
eGSG dG G J fe
k
.jdGQc jY SH Y VY
PVC) `` j`` ` `` `` `dG Q`` `` ` c `` `j`` `Y -5
o

(Polyphenyl chloride

``KC` ` j h ````````dG ``` L `` `gh

YU jh ,jdGh gdH
.HfCGh jQGdGh FdGh jhG
,``H``W``dG P````d ``eh``` G ``j```T ``gh
``j``ZCG G``` Y YU jh
J H cDJ dG d IgG
,Ready to Use Foods Z hCG
Y e dG dG SG jh
FYh dG eh dG jR GY
jZCGh G jdGh IcG cGdG

jYh Polystyrene jjdG jYh

PVC ``j`````dG Q``` c ``j``Yh `` ` `SEG
jfjcCGh jcCG e je jYh
``` ` a `` F`` ` `Kh Acrylonitrile
.gZh Diphenols
`` ` jkq QG`` ` M I`` ` `` `U `` `FG`` `d : `` ` `f`` ` `dG
Thermosetting Plastics

j SdG e ``f ``gh

e J IO``YEG a ,IQGH
gdeQa ah gdeQa ee
OG`` G ``` ` Jh .``` g``d``e Q`` a`` jQ`` jh
eG "``FG```dG" SdG
FGhdGh FGdG OG``G GY YU
cG e gZ e eEGh gO eEG
: gCGh
(PE jG dG) jEG jY -1
G adG e ``gh
J eG ScCG e
,IQGH j gh NdG jZCG
LDPE adG e jEG jY
,``fh``G ``Y AHd UdG L
QfG LQOh ,jdG jH KCjh
FdG YU jh , 110
.d adG bdG SdG
H) adG Je jEG jY -2
(HDPE adG Je jEG
b ``` dG ``eG`````SG f ``dh
eheh fhe ``cCG ``gh ,e adG
k
MGh
HU TCGh jdG jd
J ```dG JG IQG`` G ``LQ``d
GhOCG YU jh ,120 EG
c ,G WGNh HfCGh de
o

jJ SdG GdG GSG LGj

H jPf :gCG G H jhOCGh jZCG
FL AH GMh H fG ,AG QHh GRd
EG YU eG aG OGG hCG FGdG
a XG jZCG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:51 AM

AGdGh dG

eh ``e `dG `dG `jh

,``g``dGh GR``` dGh ``H``W``dG jPd
IQGM ``LQO Y dG j h
dH gY CGj dG 100 Y jJ
ICG ``j``ZCG ``e Jfe ``` NGh
SdG OGG GSG jh ,a
jZCG J QG``G dG b
Jfe H Ig h``M NdG
eG aG OG``G e UN
k
fG cG hCG UCc YU
.NdG jZCG EG IcCd
: G SdG GfCG H e
OG`` G ````H EG ``fk ````MCG ``` ` J
```dG ```H````cE ``` ` UCG SdG
HK Z H cJ j ,ZG
hJ hCG FGdG dG EG a
U e Jh Jfe H
dG dP Y dO HCGh ,fEd
dG dEG G dG QhL d
NGO MCH jJ H (QfdG)
.fe SH GL hCG fWH
: eG GSG eS
f ``e SdG SG ```T
YU gdeQa ee dH
GdGh dG WCc de GhOCG
o

GY YU ,``` dEG ``a``` VEG CG

,```dCGh Gh G jJh M
adG hP jEG jY j c
j dG ScCG YU G
eG "jdG ScCG" SdG eY
h ,Jh ``j``ZCG H J
H IQV GKCJ CG AdG j
YH jEG jY dS fEG
Jh ,Jh FGdG dG GY
J dG jhdG cG H
YHQ e SdG YU fk MCG
QaQdGh G jQch KEG Qc
.fEd We da GP
: jZCG e SdG YJ
Yf jZCG GY YU j
jdG jQc jY : SdG e
Polyphenyl

Chloride

(PVC)

feh d ehe ITh

.eGSG j
a HWdG ``Y Y JQb -6
Q``dG ``e YG G````dG Y
.TdGh
G``fCG ``e ``j```dG YU ```f```eEG -7
``N``j ``e NH SdG
.ae OGe e YU
: jZCG e SdG e
SdG GdG GSG LGj
G H jhOCGh jZCG jJ
: gCG
,AG QHh GRd H jPf -1
G``` ` dG ``jP``` f `` `LQO ``` ` ` Jh
.YGfCG M SdG
FL AH G``Mh H fG -2
eG aG OGG hCG FGdG
.a XG jZCG EG YU
G``fCG d QG```G ````dG b -3
eGSG j SdG
.NdG jZCG J
: SdG GfCG eS
SdG GdG G``fCG J
jPf ``LQO jZCd eG
cGh AG QHh cCc GRd
,J jWh Yf M IQdG
dBH R G`` fCG G``` SCG aJh
j `` ``H``W``dGh AG````d jPf
FGdG dG J eGSG
bh ,gOa hO jJ eR ``Wh
jEG jY SdG SG T
hO ```dG HCG JG adG P

eG e YG GdG GSG
cGdc YGfCH NdG Z jZCG Jh M
GSG jh ,a GJ CG hO GhGGh
dG WCG J LdGh dG G WCG
fEG U Y JeGSG ed NdG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 36

dG jQdG

36
2/3/09 8:50:52 AM

.SdG dG Y
FGd
SH OGe fEG AdG
UGe GP GSCG J IjL
jPf e H HS Y J
Y QG`` G JK ``` JQGh GR````d
c ,Je IQG``M ``LQ``d VJ
FGdG e GfCG IY GSCG aJ
LQd G eh J dG
.dGh dG IQGG
: Fbh Ff
Gh ``` ` dG `` `HQ ``` U``f
Y ``gG```Sh FGdG YdG
FGdG e YG GdG GSG
: ddG FdG JH
jY `````S``H G``` ` ` SG ```
``j``ZCG J YH ````jEG
``` ` d``c `` ` `gO ````Y ``j``````G
,HdGh IGh IO``G LGhdGh
`` ` `YhCG `` ` NGO ``` ` j``` J `` ` `h
Z ``` ` ` S``` dG `` e ``Y``` ` ` e
.jW Ia d G
WCG NdG jZCG Vh Y
e YG a ,SH
YJ h`` k ``e```G
GhOCG SG aCGh ,H
hCG `` G ``e ``Y`````G ````G
.VdG Gd LdG
SdG GdG GSG
Z ``f```G IO`` G a ```J ```dG
jdGh VMCH KCJ hCG HK
dG `` j`` ZCG ```M IQG`` ` Gh
.a VJ
SdG AdH jZCG d Y
G``aCG ``NGO J b UdG
.jhhG
dc GhG``` ` G J
G``` Y `` ` NGO Q`` ` `Gh Q`` `` ` Gh
N
J fe SH
k
.VdG Gd

37
Tadreeb #3.indb 37

f e Sd dG dG dG
dH CGj PVC jdG Qc jY
,a G FGdG dG a
HUEG dG ```HCG ``MCG XCG K
f dG WH QdG G```a
,jdG Qc ce I```HC VJ
ja jjdG GSG j c
aJ dh YdG H jH
WG da Y ac Y FO
chCG cG qk YU jh fEd
bCG H Styrene Oxide jjdG
SdG e dG Gg j bh ,e
GY NGO jJ Y jZCGh AG
AGdG IQGOEG Q``` UCGh ,e Ye
fEG L CG jeCG AGhdGh
e bCG c e/AL 0^3
c FGdG jfjcCG ce
dG SGQdG ```XCG c" jRdG
jY c fEG VJ QG```VCG
G AG Polystyrene jjdG
Gh HdGh Gh OHdG dGh
h ,e YG ```YhCG gZh
OGG S IQN CG AdG j
."ZdG SdG" jZdG jddG
hd jGh UGG g Jh
aJ HdG G hd hdG
SdG OG``G UGG aCG
`` jhOCGh ``j``ZCG J eG
GSCG H G K H dhGJh
U jM H dH eG hdG
eG G J c ,G
UGG g H H G

,G ``a``N``G dTCH ``g``Zh

KCJ cG OdG d h
jZCH e YG dG WCG
Ia ``W ``e fd J ``e NdG
.eGSG
: jZCd UdG SdG AdG
dG dG HQ GSG T
UdG AdG G dG bdG
b jZCG H J Cling Film
e gh ,gGS hCG LdG M
ja jY hCG jdG Qc jY e
,IG fhe J jhc OGe e
cG ``g J AdG cGh
``````G ````d```dG EG ``a````G
iOCGh ,UJ dG jZCG EG YU
e Ic YL Y GdG M
G h ,WdH HUEG EG
.fEG dP hM GMj
: gdG e Yj SH
Y jQJ ```
k `b f
jG jZCG Jh J GSG
h``` G ``` ` d``c `` ` jRh `` `gO ``` Y
GfCG H JdG jdGh dGh
JYJ f L dh ,FGdG
,fEG H IQV ce jJh
GSCG k dM aJ ``G h
KCJ SdG OG`` G ``e G```fCG
.jdGh gdH
: Sd WG GKCdG
IQ AdG H GUCG dJ
G``fCG d WG G``KC` ` dG ``e
CG AdG e ja cGh ,FGdG

hd jGh UGG g J
UGG aCG aJ HdG G hd hdG
jZCG J eG SdG OGG
g H G J c ,dhGJh ``jhOCGh
SdG dG Y UGG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:53 AM

AGdGh dG

e SMG
jdG LdG
Fast Food

dG Y cR a .
FGZ YU Le
.IjH dGh AGd dG dG

ih ,QGVCG e RJ eh ,FGa e J e QH GG J J jh ,Z Y QeCH Y c j

LdG Ye NCG Yh SGh H YG QfG G fY Ge eh ,edG dG Oe e JGJ fG
hOj SdG c a ,MGdGh dG YSh IG dSCG J QfG Gg EG OCG dG SCG e dh .jdG
k gH hj IMGh Lh Y c ISCG h AdG GPCG b JH EG
SdG QU ;TGa EG e c gj K b
,jSCG bdG Vh ,d AdG LNh ,GdGdG fGh ,AdG IU H JGS hDhjh dG Ye hNDj
,e d j H d FGdG IdG aJh ,GdGh dG jG e Gkje gGG UNh dG YCGh
YEG FSh jhdG Gh jYdG EG aVEG c QeCG g ,FGY UG hO d jaGdG OY OGRh
?jdG LdH OG e dh .jdG LdG J dG J UNh YG cCG IOY QfG EG OCG G
GPEa ;WN e Ggh ...dGh G WdGh GdGh G LdGh LdH jdG LdG e JQG d
CG dP jh ,(jS H) Ib Ia cDJh jZCG Y IQY a jdG Ld dGh G G fNCG
GfCH RQCG M ,jS Lh g gZh SdGh dGh dGh ddGh Gh G LdGh eQhdG
.Gk NDe gORG dG jQdG G UN
jdG LdG J dG YG j UCG
k
: jdG LdG U
G j a ,dG jS
.Gc
k LdG Qf
,gdG e Ic c Y j
.dY jQGM GS dHh
,IG FGdG UdG Ia
OGh ``eCGh edG e
.jGh ddc jQhdG
e O``L``G ``jO````d``H Z
.dG
dG QU j Ge GP
``f``YE`d ``a``` VE``H ``` gG``Gh
e c e aJ dG jGdGh
.MCG
````U```dG ``e``N ``` ` SG``H ``` J
Ye e c fL e G

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

.6

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 38

dG jQdG

38
2/3/09 8:50:54 AM

o ,MGdGh dG YSh IG dSCG nJ

Vh
hO d jaGdG OGYCG IOjRh ,jSCG bdG
FSh jhdG Gh ,FGY UG
jdG LdG QfG SCG gCG YEG
HUEGh - cCG d Me J
k ,dG TH
J fCG Y a
.dG e dhJ Y dG Y
Wdc G WCG aVEG Yh
aG OGG Y dG jZCGh
hCG "ec Lh" Y f d Gh
G g G J "ec"
PSCG Vj c ,"``e``c N" Y
QcdG IgdG eH dG AjdG
WCG CG c ,d H G Me
Fish) dG HUCGh LQedG e
``N``J ````G ``L``dGh (Fingers
.WdH HUEd G OGG IFGO
QGVCG L e cCdG H G eh
Y j Hc j CG LdG g
eJ fCH j jdG LdG Y
. IadG Jh dG
eH ``j``` ` dG P``````SCG ``` ` jh
CG EG jdG eY QcdG IgdG
J b eG HdG G
LdG IQN EG I``NCG GdG
Lh UNh
,H IG FGdG
k
H Xh ,IgG "GhCG dG"
CG - cCG FGdG EG GYO OdG
- dG ``Yh WdG Y UG
dCGh LRdG WCG Y cdGh
Z H gGh ,GhGGh
q
AGG dG e ``bEGh ,IG
C`H bG c ``dP ``ah ,``g``dGh
e gCG ``cCG d FGdG dG
,dG Gg jhj dG jOG dG
hJ Y jdG eY QcdG qjh
IG bdG dG cCG

39
Tadreeb #3.indb 39

Ldc - jdG LdG J

dG Gh ehG LdG h dGh
fCH - jhfdG J NJ
;e f d J OGe Y
h ,jOdG eJL OMCG e e
Gk Y J fCH J OGG g
,dG fEG HGVGh dG
IO``Yh ,dG RG Y KDJ c
``j``ZCG ``e jd ```G G``g j
.LGhdGh dG e WCGh
e dG CG HCG XCG bh
G J Y j LdG ``g
bh ,Ve IQH dH UG
jh 20 e cCG G Gg EG J
hJ e SQGG W eh jeCG
Hh H bY OLd ;LdG g
f JQGh dG ah fCH HUEG
bY OLh EG aVEH ,hddG
e IOY dG - "GOdG" Hhe H

.jdG LdG
WCGh IG HJd GJ
k .7
.jOYG
: jdG LdG Y
jdGh gdG SG Ic .1
f ``d``ch ,````a ``` ` Jh``dGh
O````Gh ````e`````dGh `` ` `dCG
cGJ EG ODj dG eCG ,IG
eh G jdGh gdG
.RdG IOjR K
L e hO YH `` cCG .2
.dG Gk Y j
jqk S SG e I```SCG Ga .3
.dG IFe Y
UNh FGdG d VdG .4
.dG a
jLCG jM SGQO VhCG bh
g CG dG a ```G je
dG RG VGeCG Ic IOjR
G`qk ` L ````e `` `eCG G`` `gh ,``` ` ` G
dG R```G ``VG``eCG C ;```Nh
k
bh ,dH GL
JJ
qk Gc
k WJQG
b Od ceh bYEG EG ODJ
e fh ,dG QgJ EG ODj
dG VGeCG dG RG VGeCG
H SGQdG HJh ,A``` eCGh IQG``Gh
LdG h```J IO`` jRh ``VG``eCG ``g
.jdG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:55 AM

AGdGh dG

IQN EG Gk NDe eG HdG G J

EG GYO OdG H Xh ,FGdG LdG
cdGh ,cCG dG Yh WdG Y UG
GhGGh dCGh LRdG WCG Y
,``` d``` ` dGh ``` ` ` G `` ` `Gh
J ````dG `` j`` ` `G Q`` ` `` `NGh
S e ``LR```dG cdG Y
GP ``j```G QNG hCG ,``cG```dG
GdG c d dG G
.a jQGG
T `````j CG G ``Y``f G`k ` ` `NCGh
dH k L CGh ``VG``eCG
.adGh
: LGG
:dDG ,jdG LdG IQM :dG -1
.d HdG QGdG :TdG,TS jjEG
fj 10 OY) jOdG VjdG IjL -2
(2003
QcdG ,Y eh d e jdG LdG -3
HdG cG FQ e Y MdG Y
.jdG ,jd

,G WdG h ,G
``jR``` dG ``Hh``````G G````````SGh
e `` SC` `ch ``` c``` dG `` e `````H
,``` ` G `` Z R`` `` ` dG ``` ` ` dG
Y dG dG QNGh
Y dGh ,LRdG GhG````G
fjG ```e ````S``dG ``a``` VEG

gQYH ;HdG hdG eh e

IFa cCGh fEG d eAe cCG
.d
e e dG c
? jdG LdG
Gqk ``T d jdG ```L``dG EG
k
r L GdG H h ,
Y IHh d eAe cCGh aCG
Y IYG FSdG ``eh ,QG``` VCG
: j e GdG g GMEG
gGGh WCd dG dG .1
`` `YEG ``F``` Sh h `` SQG`` G
dG dGh jZCG G``fCG VJh
.f c e dhJ j
YG NGd ``HG```V ```Vh .2
``LR```dG `` j`` ZCG ``a``` VEG J
H ````eh ``` ` ` ` dGh `` cG`` ` `dGh
IG FdGh jRdG HhG
.ICGh
dG Z ``j``ZCG ``j``YO e .3
``````UG``G ``H````J `` ` `dG hCG
.dG
GfCG QNG GdG W Y j .4
,G e cCG c dG
J CGh ,LCGh dG e bCGh
GdG e d aQ IYdG
.jQGG
Ye ````dG h``` J ``d``M .5
``` G ````W ``` ` ` j ,`` `L`` `dG
k `H G jh ,dG
e `

dG j jdG LdG QNCG e d

Vhh ,SG dH gGGh WCd dG
LRdG jZCG aVEG J YG NGd HGV
FdGh jRdG HhG H eh dGh cGdGh
hCG dG Z jZCG jYO eh ,ICGh IG
dG UGG HJ dG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 40

dG jQdG

40
2/3/09 8:50:56 AM

AGQBG

f AHCGh ..YGh AHG

UGdG GY H UGh .
.IjH dG dH jQdG g Y

..dG UdG e g - dG dG
H QG j d ..IQG Qh
dG jQdG IQ```eh aH jQdG
..dG
j ``Q dGh ..FGdG CG YCGh
dOe b e ..G jQdG Y
..HQe TJ j CH dPh ..jQdG
..jQdG JH I``G f GeCG
f SQ ..Xh TJ j
..e UG dG UN ..dG
..dG jH jQdG G Jh
OdG e Y e fe IOY J dGh
,eN jQe ,Qe ICae) e
gh ..(G jQe , HQe JGhQ
.XdG aGM d Q dG
G``g `` `eh ..`` `` ` dG `` f`` G `` ` `Yh
.."??H jdG G AT e"..G
Y CH bG ..dG NCG : H eh bCG
..IQd Uh ..aK da ..JGQ CHh
..JGdG Id jRh ..d AHh
Q```bCGh `` gCG ``e G```MG ``e ``j``eh
.. fG dh YGdG ..UCGh
aCG ..He H M da ..eN
k
..dG fG Yh ..JdG GdG e
..A`` HBG hCG ..Q`` `eCG A``` dhCG dhDe E` a
Qh ..jGh G dhDe g
d FHC ..jqk eh ``jqk O``e ..```aG``dG
..He H M ..Y CH Gj
"c iYdG" CG EG ..TCG CG H
GjO d ..Oh OdG c d EGh ..Ya
UCG AT gCGh ..c Y fe eN
!!!!"Gk je

41
Tadreeb #3.indb 41

dGh JGdG d MCa ..``JG``dG Y

``JG``dG" I``` e``H ````a ..``j``` J d
..dCSC ..WT bGJ gY .."T
Oa "G JGQ e bCG g cCdH"
..abC .."``JGQ Y e dh" IAG``H
."J Y Th" ..f Hh
jd ..`````dG H `` eCG ...``j``Z
..j ..fh bh d OGSG
C``ch ..``Wh``` T ``ah EG ````dG j h
Cc hCG ..HH Y MGJ ..XdG UdG
GH eh IRe ..JGdG JS
.GQhdGh
..dG H ..GQh`` dG ``cP Yh
ad ZdG jd ..`k `W``Y ``c ``dh M
..L Ggh ..IQhO Q de de
Gh``dG Id IQhO j CG j M
j CG aj a ..J Hh ..edG
- b ``JG``H ``c ``dh ```M - Y EG
fCch ..G dG H Y ..IQhO fCch
d ..gj dG IQhdG CG dH j
"e" EGh ..dG IOSd
..dH ZQ hCG "AGTj G e" hCG
e
m IQhdH a ..Y dhDe H d
dG Y Ggh ..LfEH de dh
LfEGh AdGh dG a dG ..dG
.dhDGh
..Hk T bfCG eY ..```YCG ``Qh
e `` `cC `k ` W`` Y ````e `` MG`` dG `` LC` `a
CGSCG eh ..Y C`H j CG h``H ..S
S ..a S NBG dG JGdG IdG
JGdG dG hCG dG gh ..dG
..Ld
``Y`
k `` ` LG ..``` ` M ``b ``` ch
d ..``` ` ` dG ``Y````J ````k Vh``b ``` J
f EG jG Jh ..jQ jQe
ZGdG j CG ..VhG e CH ..e
hCG dG H Y J bQh ..VdH
..dG j M ..Qe f CH
..VhdG j CG b ..gOHCG jh
..GqL
k e W gh
J ``dG - hdG jQdG dh

KM ``` dG ..``a``` ` dG ```J L

eh ..d j ..CG Ga ..Gk ` ND` e
L d cCdHh ..fk TCG j dG
UM
H da ..TCH adG
k
Y ``W``Y ```HG" `k `F``b ..``` c I```a Y
Y d J d ..dG ``Yh SGQdG
..Y Ggh ,"JGdH JCG fCGh .. Xh
M" fCG d ..e NCG HG j
.."?I``H``dG ``Th" Cjh ..eH "``J
..d bDe Xh O```jEG feEH aCa
d .. dG e Ojh ..HCG SCG a
dG" d Yjh ..d Yj ..CG EG
j
qp ..G`k `NCG dh ..``NBG Ggh ,"JGH
Y ``d j `` HCG" ```jh ..jU HH
H .. JGhQ H OGSG Yh ..T
a ..AHBG e QdG Gg L ."fJ
H c dh M ..FGa e d e j
jh ..dG j da ..He
jh ..e g bdG jh ..IQG
..d dG fh eAe ie
- jb dCJ ..dG fG Yh
H ..Xh OjE SCG CG - G M
..Xh LC ..gh g HCa ..fGL
GQk he fC ..``J``a Y GhO GP
L
``Lh C` H ..G``G ``HG ``NC
k
dG dP Oa ..Jjh j dG Gd
a .."``` eGhO I``a ````Th" Oh``H
..``LCG MH ZCG ..dG d
d H OQCG YHh ,Ja : bCa
dG GHh ..Y H d Ge g
JdG GhO" Oh``H O``a ..UN H
dCSCGh ..e EG dG d .."e
Oa (G H fQJ ) UCG GDk S
gHh ..(k dM YCG dh) WH
..QJh J GP``e Yh) H TQCG
.(?fQG Y fG bh
dG jG dP e ..IQdG QJh
V dh ..G IL IOT j
..Xh d Lh CH HCG HCa ..jdG
W Y Ca ..``NC Gd fCGh
Cd ..ShY LCG fCc d aRCa ..dG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:57 AM

``` e

..HgGh gG

e ..e YU S
cdG Qe H cJ
.dG dG HgG ce e

GQNG J Me fdG MGh

e jG L EG J dGh jGh
YVG fdGh aVEG eG
,MG GQ``` ` NG Ff ``j``W ``Y
Hgd R``a ```M``e ``H``` ````Jh
ddG ```M``G `` eCG ,A````cCG Q````NGh
J j H QNG Me a
Jh vY eh JfH
.e IQH
J GAG```LEGh GhOCG gh
J H ``H``g``G Y d
- edG dG H - d
c ,Yfh gG H K
`` `````H ``H``g``G ``````J
EG j dG e dG Ggh ,dG
a j dG G AV dG g
bk J dP cCG AGS ,geh bJ
,qk SGQO bk J hCG (k Je AcP) qk Y
e `` UN GQ``` H hCG

dGh JGP IQGOEG Y JQbh ,dG

``j``dhCG ``j``h `` FG`` gCGh ``J```Z``H
Y Hh ,G aCG Sh ,JH
dG Lh ,iNCG QOe jG
d eGY LGJ dG HdGh
jdG Y UM dch ,dGh
S IQG dhGh
H hCG dG J c aJ bh ,e
H ;``g``G dG gZ hCG
Hh H dG dG GMEG gJ
d je gh ,d dG e Z
dHh ,TCGh ``cCG IOSG
.cCG M
````SGQ``dG `` e O```Y ``` ` c ```bh
h`````j ``H``g``G CG ````````G
FGh dG e e
,G ,dG ,dG G
,```Y````LG ,``` fG``L``dG ```d````fG
,e) ejdG hCG aGdGh ,G
,REG aGO ,W ie ,egG
.(dc
Ql hO jQdGh dG SDdh
dG H gG YO FQh
lq e
l
IG GQdG H ,ge Y
CG jCGHh ,RhdGh QdG ddG Y
j CG j LdG QGh G
N ``e AG```S ``g``G Y dH
.JTf hCG dYCG
CG Gh`` `L a Q``` c``dG ``c``jh
bG Y d MGe K g
Me ``gh hCG MG ;HgGh
,dGh TdG Me hCG ASG

,HT OH Jh CG J
j M EG QdGh dG j h
aVEGh AH ep - dH - dG
Seh
jk OH KCG jh ,J
k
H j M QG G YU
j jdG "HgG" e f FHCG
.G AH dSQ gYGS
"gG" H MdG H jo h
MGh j H "dG"h
``fCG `` NBG dG i``j H ,k jJ
,bk e gG j CG IQhdH d
TCG jJ gG EG dG d h
QHG Y IQ``` dGh dG j
dG IQGOEG ```Y IQ``` dGh ````fEGh
jeCG G aY bh ,IAH
``g``G ``j``H``dG ```SGQ```d edG
H ``bk ``e``e Ak GOCG j ``e) ``fq C` H
``` G ``e `` CG I``````e
``D` G ``` U``J ``` c ,(`` ` `` `gCG GP
WCd dG d Y ``HG``dG
fTH G bGh HgG
gh eT jd (2001) ```dG
J ffEG S : dG gG CG
Y IQdGh ,edG dG IQdG e
OcCG dGh ,YGHEG dG
`````dG ``f``L EG ,i``` ` ` G ``` aQ
.cdG
j dG dG e L gh
JQb dP eh ,Z Y gG H
a IAH JQGOEGh bdG QSG Y
SG Y JQbh ,jQe j
d G ``f``` eEGh h```dG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 42

dG jQdG

42
2/3/09 8:50:58 AM

FQh q e QhO jQdGh dG SDd

H ,ge Y dG H gG YO
Gh ,RhdGh QdG ddG Y IG GQdG
Y dH j CG j LdG Q``Gh
JTf hCG dYCG N e AGS gG
G SDe He EG `````SD`G
cGTGh HgG jYd jdG Y
jJ
(ge) jdG He
k
Y SDG HQe e c
GNC
k Gh ,ge FGL e HS FGL
"dG Hgd ``cG``e" ``e``bEG
J e SDG d e c
YO H ,I``Mh H UN e
.gGe RGHEG Y HgG Jh
g ;SDG g ``a```VEGh
,HgG YJh YJ IOe L
``d``LQh ``j```dG```Y ``` G `````SD``c
J SDe ``gh G```HEGh gd
,gGe Jh HgG J EG
H cJ eCG jW VjdG geh
012814411 Jg (hCG) jdGY
```G ``b``dGh 012814400 ```c``a
www.mawhiba.org. 8006123333
d jdGY ```G ```j``eh ,sa
dG Jh YH ```Jh dGh
geh ,dG VGZCd dG
Jg GY G jW VjdG je
www. 014813566 ca 014813725
``cG``e EG ``a``` VEG ,kacst.edu.sa
jQdG d dG HgG
,G We aH Gh dG
k G - dP jh
jQdG GMh - jC
HgG jYQ GQGOEGh ,Gh dG
```H``dG IQGR`` ` d ``` H``` dGh ``W``` G
Hh ,jOdG eG h ,dGh
d IL ce e G cGG
.IL a LddGh

43
Tadreeb #3.indb 43

H f ``bh .qk Y bk e j
jG ``g CG EG G
,ec ```f````fEG GQ``` dG J
``a``` NG `` YG`` J `` ` `fCG ``` c
cJ fCG c ,dGh YLG
.HdG SCG Y
: A``e``dGh G ae - k dK
gH G aG gJ M
d ``dhD` ` ` G d TJ
.e IOSGh
:fCG ``H``g``G ```YCG - ``k `HGQ
hCG ej dG ```YCG gJ H
d M ,Y dG gG eb
.JjGH H fc
dG jQd edG SDG Jh
YGh jGh HgH Gh
dG VGh DG dP QU RHCGh
je eY c j dG OdG
jG b j dGh ,VjdG
k J dG
j c ,k KJh UC
HQe Yj dG jQG VY Y
fG A``L c ,`````SD`G ``HQ```eh

.OcCG Z G
e ``cCG ```g ``H``g``G dh
: e jW
k G
: cdG `````dG ``FG``b -hC
cdG FG RHCG hJ H
,Z Y gG dG dG
dG e dG H J dGh
.jOdGh dGh YGHEG
: ``` ` j``` Gh GQ`` ` `` `NG - ``k ` f``K
dG GAG```LEGh FSdG H jh
,ddG GOGSG Sd J
: jG J TCG RHCG eh
d Jh : G`` HEG je -1
QaCH ``` JEG ```f```eEG i``e Y
,``jO```dG ``b```d``H J ``` Mh
G ``d```UCGh ,jdG ``fh``Gh
Y J aVEG Y IQdGh
.G Mh
g Jh : dG GQNG -2
H ddG ae GQ````NG
OG`````SG i`` e J h ,Q````G
e J e ie H d ddG
.ae GQe
bh : GQ`` ` dGh A``c``dG GQ``` ` NG -3
,dG cS Sd ````Vh
g ``NC` Jh .dG Y IQ``` dGh
100 QG`` ` `e ```k `` Sh GQ``````NG
Y j ``e ``c ````j ````H
k
eh ,Se
`` bCGh `` LQO (90)
```YCGh ``LQO (130) Y j

"dG"h "gG" H MdG H jo

dG ij H ,k jJ MGh j H
,bk e gG j CG IQhdH d fCG NG
j TCG jJ gG EG dG d h
IQGOEG Y IQdGh fEGh QHG Y IQdGh dG
IAH dG
~

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:50:59 AM

IQ````dG `````J

bGe bdG PdG gCG

jQeh G YJQG
GdG dG
N fi dN .O
SGQdGh dG ce e
.IH dG dG

k - (ESRI) cT e
FaG eG IQGOE IjL M
qp UdG fdH HQh
fH IYb AfEG e
UHh - jG YJ (Mega Geodatabase) bY
jQe G ```G P```JG Y - GQG``` dG ````UCG
QNGh G YJQG bGe UHh GdG dG
.IjG dG bdG T
: ddG GG Y dP d G G JJh
UdGh fG fdG H J hCG I```G
,G ```M````G I`` ` `LCG ``````S``H `` ` VQCG ```Y
Total) edG G ,(GPS) bGG j f : e
YdG QbCG e JCG FdG QdGh (Station

FdG dGh dG bGdG GdG EG ff GPEG

Th IdG G UNh UdGh fG eG e
,SGQdG hCG dG QW dGh IG NGdG dG
MG ILCG S eo UCG LG CG f
adG Y jd bdG LddG Y J ```dG
Gh ,(GPS) bGG j f ILCG e ,MG
dG MG eGdG dP fL EG ,(Total Station) edG
qp
aJ c ,dY bOh Fa YH fdG e e
eGH EG bdG MG ILCG e fdG j feEG
fG fdG IYb jd dch aGG eG f
.NBG EG bh e
- aGG eG f GhOCG J ,dG Gg
Geomedia) efH cf dP e dG eGdG e UNh
(ArcGis) efHh (Intergraph) cT e (Professional

aGG eG f GhOCG J
FaG eG IQGOE IjL k M
q p UdG fdH HQh
YJ bY fH IYb AfEG e
G d UdG Y jG
GdG dG jQe
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 44

dG jQdG

44
2/3/09 8:50:59 AM

dc h (Spot, QuickBird, Rapid Eye and Iknos)

fG fdG jd dG ILCG Y OYG
.(1 dG) (Mobile Mapper) RL e
fG d bdG Y J fdG I```G
e aGG eG f eGH (Vectorization)
(Intergraph) cT e (Geomedia Professional)
(ESRI) ``c``` T ``e (ArcGIS - ArcInfo) ``d``ch
OYH fG fdG ``g U e dG H
G - dG IG MG eGdG Y
(Simulation) I``c```Gh ``b``dG Mh (2 dG)
Qc ```N T `` `VQCG S d ```U``Nh
.(Contour lines)
eG dG T J H J ddG IG
dG g gh dK H GP bQ Pc gQXEG
(Digital Terrain Model) jQd bdG PdG
(Digital Surface Model) dG bdG PdGh
IQcG aGG eG f eGH Y OYH
.(6 dG) HdG IdG
UdG fdG ``a```VEG ``e ```qp ` ```HG``dG I```G
i``d ``f`` ``` J ``` dG (Attribute Data) ``eR``dG
dM h ,- jdc - G eG SDG
gaJ IQGOEG i``d ``f````dG ``g ``a``J ``Y
G e bdG MG I```LCG Y OYH
Y G YJQG jd (Total Station) edG
.G S
jQGh fG dG H IG FdG H g
dG W dN e QT dGh (Me J)
ce cQ dch ,bdG MG ILCH fdG L
SQh ,bdG PdG J UN dH dG
bGe bdG PdG g e IOSd aCG G
Y IYd dch ,i```dG ``G G YJQG
.IjG dG dG GQe QNG
eG f G FdG g Y OYHh
EG IH dG dH dG ce j ,aGG
UNh QGOEG dG jd Ya hJh e cGT ASQEG
aCG PJ GG bH bY d dG G
.Gh bdG aJh GQGdG

G dG ILCG H - 1 dG
.(Mobile Mapper) fdG j

JCG fdG J SCG - 2 dG

.(GPS) bGG j f RL e

dG KGMEG :3 LG dG bO M
0^401 = Standard Deviation ,397652^9296 = Mean

45
Tadreeb #3.indb 45

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:00 AM

IQ````dG `````J

OdG KGMEG :3 LG dG bO M
0^188 = Standard Deviation ,2891398^0309 = Mean

bh eG f efH FdG IQdG 5 dG

.(Georeferencing)

G :3 LG dG bO M
0^224 = Standard Deviation ,642^7025 = Mean
.VQCG Y SdG H Le f bO M 3 dG

efH (DTM h DSM) bdG PdG QXEGh eO 6 dG

.(ArcGIS - ArcScene)

2006 ..Gharsallah H.. Mansouri A.. Kheder K .1

Apport de loutil GPS dans lacquisition et la

structuration des donnes gologiques et
minires lOffice National des Mines (ONM).
Premier Colloque International : Outil GPS et ses
.2006 applications. Hammamet Tunisie. Mars
1989 . Paul R. Wolf. Brinker
1989 8th Edition .Elementary surveying
1996 .Barry F. Kavanagh. S.J. Glenn Bird
.Surveying principals and applications
.1996 4th Edition

.2
.3

bh eG f efH FdG IQdG 4 dG

.(Georeferencing)

dG dH dG ce j
Ya hJh e cGT ASQEG EG IH
G UNh QGOEG dG jd
PJ GG bH bY d dG
Gh bdG aJh GQGdG aCG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 46

dG jQdG

46
2/3/09 8:51:01 AM

Wh f ..G H
47
Tadreeb #3.indb 47

: e

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:03 AM

hdEG jQdG

f h SDG H
G dU H dN

Blackboard

jQdG QOe h hdEG QdG ce je

.IjH dG dG
kaljafin@yahoo.com

SDG dG jQdG OcCG Y aG jQdG

H QcdG k dM cG SCGj h ."cG YCG V
.dG S
d k HS d edG IQGOEG e J h
G``M``dG ``NGO G ``j`` j ``M ,cd Gqk ` ` e
Jh FdG cG GgCG e Ya cGe EG jQdG
.ebEG eG Gh jQG
J ed SG dG ``a``J Y ``c``G j h
dPh ;SDG jQdG dG eG h JG
jh YJ GQeh fhdEG QJ f jJh H
cG j c ,QGh QG IH HQh ,bQ QOeh
jQdG YO gJ IjL Jh J J Y
.Yfh
k qk c SDG GMh
G h dG jQdG e c cG SCG b h
cGe Y GTEd hdEG QJ GMh ILh dG
LMG J h Y Heh G NGO hdEG QdG
f H c c Ya cGe SCJ c .H UG
HQd RdG dG YdG J h Y Jh ,QdG IQGOEG
.cGG J H MG MdG QWEG HQGh

H Blackboard OQ``H ``H Q```dG IQGOEG f j

dG h jQdG GhOCG e Ic Y J ee
GAk H .QG h Qd dG dG J fCT e dG
FSh OjEH GQk he ,eh bh c fhdEG OGG aH
,TOQdG h iG e QG h Q``G H JG
eJ ie H h HQd J h FSh aJ dch
.iNCG FSdG e gZ h IOH
dG IQGOEG fCG IQGU Blackboard f f b h
jT J a .1997 Y SCJ e qk Y jQdG
eG dG ``SQG``G h dG h eG e SGh
cCG J SDe 3700 Y Hj dG UGh
dG cdG be gf FMEG NBG M dhO 60 e
.IdG WebCT cT e cdG efG H dPh .d
J h ,d Gqk e jeCG UdG e cdG JG bh
.SBG h HhQhCG e AfCG Ie Je
N GQGUEH j dG Gg CG EG IQTEG Q
bdG : g FQ bH dG dG M
g ``MCG H ZdG Yh .jQdG bdG h ```O``cCG
.jqk S O NQ AGT j fEa GQGUEG
SDH Qd ek f Blackboard
IQGOEG f "Gh dG jQd edG SDG" QNG AL
UCG H GQhe h L H Blackboard dG QdG
dGh , GfBG jdG h FdG dGh SDG QGdG
e SCJ dGh .FdG cG dYCG eO
AL ``dGh ,aG e QGH 2007 - `g 1428 Y
eh eGh d edG IQGOEG e eO f
hdG efd dG jdG dG eh hdEG QdG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 48

dG jQdG

48
2/3/09 8:51:05 AM

SG IOd dhdG NdG efH ,aShje

.BG

jQdG QOe h hdEG QdG ce cGG J H eh

.IjH dG dG
: cG GgCG gCG
dG jQdG QOe h hdEG QdG ce j
: gCG e GgCG e OY Y IjH dG
.eRh e c Me YJ fhdEG QJ H AH
GdG Y hdEG Qd HGH VdG Gd fCG b h
h Q``G j M .www.bb.elearning.edu.sa :
h jQdG IOG EG HGdG g N e NdG QG
.IaG GhOCG e IOSG

``` O``cCG h ``c````H G ``e````G ``e jd h

www.elearning. : cG be IQjR ,dG eGdGh
edu.sa

: cG e
jGH gJ JY Y cG NCG dG G RHCG e
jJ h dG jJ ;OQ``H H QdG IQGOEG f J
QGSG fL EG ,SDG H G dG e Sd
fhdEG M 25 j M ;fhdEG FG jH
WG h .OGG bH j Y dG jh BG M
Y fhdEG FG HGQ dG PdG H Y
.cG be

hdEG QdG HGd IQU

QdG J jJ SDd dGh dG

.eGSGh fhdEG
.JGdG QdG h G jQdG CGe gG
SDG ie Y jG HQG e IOSG
aGe Y cG M M ;jQdG g GQe aQ
QdG d IFL WEG Y SDG a e
G k``j``L G k``a``M - G PE` `H - S ```dGh h``` dEG
He H h```dEG QdG aK f gd
.SDG
J h J Qe aC IFG Sh
J `` Q``e ````aCh ,I``j``L ```fh```dEG M
HGH Y Iaeh cG OG``YEG e IgL fhdEG M
QdG J c aC d YQO
k S c ,fhdEG
TH hFdG j Sh .jQdG dG hdEG
.KG bEGh G HG d SDG
aGMG GOdG aK fh , Y jQJ eGH J
M ;HQGh HQG H Y G gCGh dhdG
eGdGh ```O``cCG e O``Y Y k dM cG j
G``M``H eG Jh ````JG `` dG
OcCG ,d S OcCG gh jQdG SDG

Y WG dG fhdEG GQG P H VJ IQU

cG be Y

49
Tadreeb #3.indb 49

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:06 AM

hdEG jQdG

IQGU Blackboard f f
e qk Y jQdG dG IQGOEG fCG
J a .1997 ``Y SCJ
dG h eG e SGh jT
UGh eG dG SQGG h
SDe 3700 Y Hj dG
dhO 60 e cCG J
.GQk e 173 dG HQe QOCG a GQG GQOEG Mf e

k
G AT EG e
SdG H dG j S h
dG e IOSG HQG h HQG c e jo H d dd LGdG jdH jhdGh qk Y k J J h
.HG IOG
YdG cGG Y j cG CG EG TCG jdG h
Jh ,NGO dG He N e ,dG h dG NGO
,eY QOGch G e LMG Jh ,d dG YdG
Me e dG YdG cGG SDG OhR bh
dG dG f e c h .YdG cGG Y J
jCG GW HQd e h ee LP e IjH
.JGdG jQd h fhdEG HGd Nd jQdG

fL e dCJ j IOe jQH QG b M h

Jh dG e UGdG G Gj fEa cG
H UN J Fc AfEG dc YSH h .FGOCG
(Word) Ge hCG (PowerPoint) dG VhdG c
JOe NGO aQh ,cGh JdG YdG G M hCG
.e IOSd dEG UdG MU dG e h
: hdEG QdG aK f
k G Y cG j dG G eh
aK f ,jC
f Mh ,dG Y jQdG h hdEG QdG
e YdG cGd chCG a dG e edG IOSG
h dG ``NGO H jdG h hdEG QdG aK f
MGdG H EG aVEH .jQJ a c jGH gG
J Y k e Q```G h Q``G S dG HjEG
.dG
eGSG
dG GSG Y jQdH cG YG c
k
He jQJ Y FdG cd aGG QU a ;qk de
Y HQG e gG h dH Tj eh YdG cGG
GQh``dG g Y WCG b h .a GhOCG gCG H h dG
.(G QG) e
dG J
gG h dG YdG cGG eb MG g h
qp
h dG J Y - Q```LEG Z H - ``HQ``G H
b h .HQdh d R``dG YdG Jh ,He
h To aVEGh ,JHM J e HQG e c OY
: hdEG QdH UG HGdG Y gOGe h HW
.www.bb.elearning.edu.sa

: LGG
Blackboard: http://www.blackboard. `d SdG bG com
www.elearning.edu.sa hdEG QdG ce be

eL - /http://www.bethel.edu/its/blackboard/history
.H

;G ke k S IjH dG dG M QWEG Gg h
eCGh .Hk Qe 83 dG dG jf M dG H b M
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 50

dG jQdG

50
2/3/09 8:51:08 AM

Tadreeb #3.indb 51

2/3/09 8:51:09 AM

hdEG jQdG

bdG fhdEG LdJ

(Nanoelectronics)
j `` dG h c ``L ``` dG `` 1958 ``Y
W GQSfGJ Y HH Texas Instruments `H
.(IC) eG jd SdG G UCGh feL
2000 S Ajd Hf IFL Y d gCG dG eCG
QJ G dP eh ,d k jJ SH JK HdG Sh
.(INTEGRATION) edG J
de FbQ QjfGdG eO dG h``G Vjh
: Intel cT

hGS QOdGY .
.fhdEG dG

:(System On Chip : SOC) FGdG fCG -1

R CG Md Oj e J feEG EG dG J OCG
cP FXh Y ``eO I``MGh jT SM
fH hCG SG fH SG e : Jee d
SQEG ,GQGdG PJGh ,IQTEG ,JG T
dG j a ,``LQ``G dH dG hCG fH
LGh ,IcGP ,IQTEG de ,de) IU GMd
.Intellectual Property Core (IP) h
``F``bQ (INTEGRATION) ``e``dG J Q``` J EG
JG jOe UN IG dG h dG
OY H e fC dY YS GP jT U EG OCG
(System On Chip : SOC) G GMd QGSH Jj
: (2 IQU)

fEG S

dG

1971
1978
1993
2001

4004
8086
H
4 H
GcG H
jjG

2004

OY
QjfGdG
2300
29000
3^100^000
42^000^000
169^000^000

e UG T YU UCG ,1975 Y eh
edG ie CG ``cD`j ``dG (Moores Law) Q``e fH
.(1 IQU) Gk T 18 c Yj

kA_B

)u@'0

?1+_
Gs>mdB

+_?1

ee f - 2 IQU

Qe fb -1 IQU

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 52

dG jQdG

52
2/3/09 8:51:10 AM

e T 4 IQU

UN H d h SG Y j fCG jJ EG
FXd cc fhdEG ``FGh``dG cJ J OdH
...VHDL, Verilog : e Sd IgL k e e
IL dG h OdG H G dG Ia hJh
j M ,jRGeh Ie FGhO g J eY UN
QYG VGh Sd fG GMdG IQGOEG dG g
dG d GTEGh bdG SG J h IOG
.M eR
: NOC cJhH -3
```HCG a ,``M``e NOC ``c``Jh``H BG EG Lj
ISO GO W dG e hCG HQCG dG eSG
TRANSPORT-NETWORK) SG H ``U``G
Md jk QL dG Gj eh ( -DATA LINK- PHYSICAL
.NOC `H UN JG cJhH
: Icd G GhOCG -4
ahG GhOCG IOYEG g jT T Qe Ic
Y g .G Z d N
Gh
k
NS2 dG HCH UG gTCGh Ic eGH
i JG T P d Ic IGOCG j dGh
.dY H
SYSTEMC : a G iG GP IcG IGOCG eCG
.NOC P Ic JGOCG HjEG SG feEHh
VY j IP Ie GMh FXd jhOQdG J EG
jdG H eGS bGG H H
eGH J Oc j IP Oc Ea QNH ,(HDL) H
.(Linux) d OLe g e e fk H VhG JdG
: HCG jL -5
G Uh NCJ e NOC J S H eCGh
k dM HCG J ,bdG SGh G EG SG e
.(Network Coding) dG J EG

53
Tadreeb #3.indb 53

: (Network On Chip : NOC ) jdG dG -2

Qe gCGh GMdG g H fdG c O``jORG ``eCGh
J .G fCG J Y jdG NGO JG
?cdG GMdG g H UGdG eO j c : JBG GDdG HCG
jGdG fCG EG IQTEG GDdG Gg Y HLEdh
fCG Z G bdG fCG Y FGdG AH OYG
MG h bdG SG h IO``G UN gOhM H
jW Y MdG YG ,GS 8 hCG 7 eh .G
Ie Ff ```XCG ,"jdG T" J I``j``L
.YdGh eG ShCG HCG Ve UCGh
a SG T CG T J jdG dG
: Jh e fC jT YReh fe JG ee
H fQf dh (Network On Chip : NOC)
:(3 IQU ) bW

e T CGe 3 IQU

J dG cG M NOC e dG j
fCG QGSH G Shared Buses G bdG
.HCG QW GJ dG a IMGdG jdG
: HCG jN dG hG Vjh
S

T J jW
jdG

2007

e ff 65

jQhdG HCG

2010

e ff 45

QNG h J

2013

e ff 32

fEG b QNG

2016 H e

e ff 22

dG UGJ

J M JG Gb h IGf Y j JG a
Gb SGH (R Le hCG Je) IGdG H fdG
: (4 IQU) aW JG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:11 AM

jQdG bGe

..fHj AGN GdGh jG Y UE ce MCG GHJ

IH YdG G G HQe
jM Y G Y j
e HQd dOe GQjR J jW Y - ILCGh
.Gh cdG
GdG Y WG G HQ cdG MJCG M
GdG dGh ,Gk `ND`e cdG JOQSG dG
jG ```Y ``` UEGh jd ```e```dG `````J``e``JhCG
UdG JCGh .jG G```H ``d``ch dG Gd

Y IY a YdG G G Uj
dH J ```dG jOdG ``` G ``a``c ``e ```UG```dG
e qk Jh qk LdJ G Yd dPh ,jG LddG
IdG Nh ,e hdGh dG J IH IOSG N
UGH J dG - dG cT e dH G b VG
GG LdJ dG cdG ic e e

cH XdG e jeh dG e aGj dG NGO jdG

dG

AKCG jeCG G e dG GG b HQeh dG e

IY a dG cH jQdG

J dG GG c eM Y j jdG
kq FH c LQO 360 GQhd Hb dH LfEGh

dH J ec Ge Y j AGG ja

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 54

dG jQdG

54
2/3/09 8:51:11 AM

fHdG AGG e k ja G SG G f h
AGNh a aGj "dG Gd J ec" cT e
ec cT ch" dG Gd H cT e jOS
b M ,dG cd IQjR Gfc jdGh ."jOdH J
G H dG GG b IQjH dGh AGG ja
GG OJh Wd IY a YdG
ec Ge d JQjR N jdG gTh .dG
dG GG ce eM dch ,dH LJ dG J
LQO 360 GQhd Hb gh ,dH LfEGh J dG
e gT HYEG jdG iHCG IQjdG jf h ,qk FHc
.dG GG b jQdG eGH

IQ```e Jh J ```j``W H ``HQ``Gh HQd

dd" cT fCG dG jG SAW c jdG
IY dPh dG ce fEG G "jdEG
HdG g N HQG cGh ,OjQ jeCG G
fG cd dG V : e GQ``` G ``e GkO`` Y
V ,fGQhdG dG YH dG V ,dG Q
,SG Q````dG b V ,````dG J H dG
dG S cJ ,G hCG OO``dG QG ``f QNG
WG ,G dG N Ige ,dG JGQe
Y IQOdG Ra ce Y dGG ,IQO```dG OGOSG Y
.G

a GOdG Y ..GQG Y
: e

55
Tadreeb #3.indb 55

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:13 AM

``` e

?QGdG j e
dG jdG Y .O
.fG dG

e QGdG Gg U Y dG Hh
dG idG jdG CG G Ea eY
eh HQG gh - QGdG Y W
j jdG TQdG HQG gH
cGTEG j - Te H e
cQe CGe n Gj h .QGdG Gg U
GRa dHh ,QGdG U KCG
,QGdG GH Gej HQe g
e G aGH a W e gh
YdG dh GVG NO e G
e Z HQe g Gj h ,H
.d
e f G ````fG j g
QGdH IKCG cCG jdG CG gh
."QGdG PJ gDe Z" J b
AGQh SCG QJ fCG g bCGh
PEG .G S Y MG dG gCG
dP EG YO dG SCG gCG e c
Y AKCG HQG eS Y G
SCG a Y CG T h .TQdH
cGTEG MCG j QGdG PJG AGQh
Gfh GAd J j H QGdG

fd ASDhdG bp e dG Y
CG dP EG VCG .U GcQj
GQGdG PJG ASDhdG cQe Y
Jh ``jQGOEG fGL e ej S
U Q````j CG ```j GPEk G ,````e
Ja L e CG GQG``` dG
.H KCJ H c XdG
e C ``dG```dG j CG``` G G``g
Qj CG e QGb FH KCG M
IFdG j CG dP CT eh ,U
CG j da ;S QGb EG Ud
hCG k S Y ``KD`J S QG```dG Ff
j CG SH e hj S Hk jEG
fGL ``e k S QG```dG G``g
jdG iG Y IL IQH ShQeh
k
dG N e f dHh .dG h
.Ie GQGdG J CG CGG GH
gJ CGG Gg IYGe Y Ff
dH HQG GdEG G S Y
gh .TQdG gLGJ AKCG MG
,dG e H dG dG QGdG
AGJQH HW dG H edCG c
.jdG GVG ``dG ``dP
d YLG QGdG Gg PJG
Y bG dGh bCGh dG
,b c jQdG g AYCG H

Y YLG e j e cCG e
NH SDGh G ie
e ``cCG eh ,aGgCG h JJGSG
e c ij GQGb e a j
VQCG ``MCG gGj k eJ J CG
FdG dG CG YCGh .``bG``dG
SDGh G g ZEG g dP
Qj e aCG CGQ Y G
KCjh J Y jh QGdG U
GQG``` dG P``` JG j M .``H
XG Y - k dZ - SDG e
j M ,dG UG UCG
GQGdG g FH Gk KCJ cCG d
eYh .U cQG QYG CG
g i``d j dG Me ``JC`J
.OH J J hCG SM CG dG
UdG AYEG Y Ea dP EG aVEG
PJG cQd Gk KCJ cCG d
e ``fG``L j ``` S GQG`` ` `dG
Y QYG Vh j c e
.PJG
QGdG U j CG j Ggh
;Gk KCJ cCG fd edG dG Y
IQOdG GQGdG j S Gg C
,dG Me jGh bGG
GTEGh dGh dG gj c

cCG dG CG GQGdG J Y ``SCG gCG e

QYG CG ``J GQG``dG ``g ``FH Gk ``KCJ
fGL GQGdG j dG eCG ,``U cQ``G
gPJG Y QYG ``Vh j c e e
dG Me jGh bGG gjh
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 56

dG jQdG

56
2/3/09 8:51:14 AM

g j b fCG j Ggh H jKCG

b - M
m dG be j EGh .b dG GQGdG U gS
J CG Y Yj CGG GH da
k AH j AH jjdG dG
e H
.AH IOYEG J g j AH
CG ```dG G FG ``eh
QGdH KCG cQe CGe oJ
bGe OcQ OLh Y GTEGh U
PEG , a Ze Z eCG Ggh .dG
bGe FGO cM g J CG j
.e CG d hGJh dhDG
de dj S IdG bGe OcdG
IGOCG QGdG YU e T
k .UN e d
eY e
dG g SCGQ Y T j
J CG hj b jW I e e
Gd Gh MU J GQGb
.e hCG G g d ,G
e j g j CG j dd
fCT ``e G`` gh ,```dhD```G ``bG``e
d ```U```dG j CG - ````k ` jCG G`` `MEGh QG````dG ````U ``cQ``````d
.jdG

57
Tadreeb #3.indb 57

jGdG hf Jeh dG g
c .``j``c``e ```JGQG``b ```J CG
d dG H Y
ce GQG`` `b EG ```U``dG h``
CG j ```dG GQG``` dG ``eCG .J
e dG QGc - G Y MJ
k dG dG G dG f
e
YSG AG``LEG jGdG a G FGdG AGQBG EG Ud CGd
e IOe f Lh e IOSGh
e aOg Tfh GAd J N
dG fGG QX FGdG
.QGbEG b eCG Gd HjEGh
- ````k ` jCG - CG``` G G``g ``FG``a ``eh
j ``dG dG g Y V
C ;HS j Y DhH e dhDG
b e JG HdG GQGdG L

Hh , ````e ````dG ``` Lh O````Jh

eG f Lh Uh e cCdG
CGd YSG Y j IQO`````H
LG ``gRG``HEG j HQG Y
.dd G
``` ` ` ` dG ``````dG ``j````J ````j
UTCG Y J dGh YLd
GQGdG L PJG dj jO
AYCG j ejO YLH
YVH bd k J a G
.H gKCJ ieh MhG
j ``` MCG ``e c ```dh
c GPEG CGG Gg J - j hCG fh Ic Y QGdG GH KCj e
Gg d j fC , gKCJ
e Gc
k GkOY LG j CG CGG
PJG E fCG hG eh .jKCG
J dG YG J CG j QGdG
YG .IU h Ic d QGdG
LEG dG e S IdG
AGQBG N Gk f Me QG``b Y
Ya i``NCG Mf e .dGh
```J ``d ``c e IdG
M hCG QG``` dG G```H ``j``KC``G
Z QGdG j S dHh ,e
KCJ S dG dG Fe
k .FH
jQd edG SDG e
JL H J gh - Gh dG
G````Yh `````J ````c ``K``Kh ````S
,G QGOEG HW e d gG
- HQGh HQG J EG aVEH
L Y EG UdG j
.G Sj QGb PJ FGdG

J dGh YLd dG dG jJ j
GQGdG L PJG dj jOfi UTCG Y
k J a G AYCG j ejO YLH
H gKCJ ieh MhG YVH bd

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:15 AM

MS

...edG OGh

e MS e
fk MCG ..QGd Qeh

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 58

dG jQdG

58
2/3/09 8:51:16 AM

OGdG a ,dG e H J dG gGdG gCG e IMGh edG OGh

iNCG ``jQGOEG We ``HQCG Y fCG ZQ ;bJh H G gCG j dG
gh ,UN f d dG CG EG "bdG - FM - VjdG - jG"
cCG FL jd Gk f e ``gCG G gQYH ,OG``dG Gd ``cCG VG
cCG "edG" jh .a aG d FQ
k Gk`aGQ e j G g
jG T AGOdG fcdG "G``G" Cj M ;HdG IjG jOhCG WCGh
Zh VjdG Z Th FM e L dGh jOhCG e OY aJh ,IQG
"GjdG Of" OhM Y dG e T cCG DhL jh ,dG e
.e c 600 f e AG Gg W jh SCG a L
hGj M VY QfH dG e edG OGh e bGdG AG jh
YafG Ib Y KDj ,Sh e 300 EG G Z Ge c 3 He
G Y VJ jdG Ija W IgX e jh ,edG dG H
`g1429 Y e IdG P T h .edGh G H dG dP jDhd G dG
H IG a Hh OGdG cM QeCG e Iah H G We SG
Zh IQG jGh dG We QeCG Z M ,ek Y27 e OcdG HUCG CG
CG Th .dG e edG OGh jL EG iOCG dG eCG ,VjdG e
hM J fjL a Qc dG bdG Mh OGdG bJ e IG dSCG J
OG e c dG OGGh QNCG e GkOY G OJh ,G gG H
OGG H bh e - dH - o j eCG CG EG .VG fjL N Ybh
Y k OGdG e be j CG GhOGQCG jdG jeG H V GQ dG
.WGG bH
GkOe OGdG c dG QNCG e dG jG dG FSh gS c
e OG```d bO He I```LCG J ``M``JCG M ,``j``G ``N H KCdG Y
AHCG e LGaC
k G aO ``dG jHh MdG d ``ch .jf Mh Oe
M k a G ch ,H Heh ,H AMG EG OGdG H e dG WG
IMGh T dGh ,Gc
k Qj dG G Gg EG d QG a gCG j
jQG SY MG c ,JM dG gGj CG dG MdG LCG e
Y G UM M ;UG jW Y OGdH dG JGdG Gech
MGe VJ dG QdG e H JedCG MGh OGdG jL KJ
d aLh dG H J geh ,A````fGh AdG h ,``j``G
.jW edG
d H HS H ;jG N Jge OGd HG j h
.Y e c Ge K EG KhM Qj b MS SG T

59
Tadreeb #3.indb 59

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:19 AM

MS

IQh``` V ``Y ```j```dG ```M``dG ```Y

CG G kcDe ,edG OGh jL SG
Y YJ aGG OG`` dG W
Y ``M M qk MS QSG
.fjL
iNCG OHCG
OGa ;H J IQdG dh

G OG``dG Vh Jh ```SGQO
GW qk MS QSH jH dGh
ge EG j ``N ``e ```dG
c J dG H e W
HdG AH gG ah je
Y J Y g J ``e ,d
Y dG H "ec H hG

IOe FGa
QYG OG``dG IFa bJ h
dG EG H ;a qk MS kge
,`` ` HQCG ```` ``f``j``L ``````SG
Hk H ```e``eCG OG`` dG ``j``L a M
Ic c OLh f OG d
``ZQh ,``FG``LCG H ````SCG ``e
SQ L WCG dG GjdG
e cCdG Yh ,cCGh gU IQH
,dG dP CG EG ,gQOe
SCG U CG Y G JG c
!ehe G ke G Gg
fj dG SGdG GdG h
G jf hCG jW OG```dG
hj M QGhd Hk L cCGh eCG
Sd Se ceCG aV
L , bh WC SGh
N Je QGhR H G
IQH OGdG jL YCG dG jCG
N i`` NCG Se CG ``
.VG jdG
OG``dG ``j``L SG ``e ``H"

2009
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 60

dG jQdG

60
2/3/09 8:51:22 AM

e d jdG JJG dG GAGLEG

ebEG M ;dG e aJ YS
Yh ,`` jOhCG H Jh ,GQ``qn ` Y
Re j ````eQh ```HG``J ``LG``M
.d HdG idGh jG WGG
fSN LGM ``e``bEG EG aVEH
dBGh Ge eCJh ,jOhCd Jh
dGh G fh G Od
.FG
jS HSG
RL gJG dG GAG``LEG Mh
QeCG W e d G adG
QGVCG H J dG dGh
je Ff QTCG Jah H
dG dG ``G ``a``dG
RG CG EG dG Y H L
dG AGOCGh HSG YH j
IOQG`` dG `` G ``e ``` eCG ``e````dGh
d ``M```G ``f``` eEG QSGh

QNCG e G
jH FQ Y AGQBG J VY
H a SG fG a
dG hf f EG QTCG dG dG
```jOhCG L ```KCG ```Y ``d```S `` dG
jdG CG EG ka ,G dGh
Jh H Q```eCG Se J
GQ`` qn ` `Yh ``` ` ` dGh `` ``jOhCG Q```
QGdG a Y dPh dG jJ
EG OD` j ``dG ``eCG ``gh ,d HdG
a J ```dG Q``` NCG ``e ``G
M e EG Ge
k ,Q```eCGh dG
M ,`` ` NCG Q`` ` `eCG ```S``e `` N
AMCG H IjdG dG gGO
G H - h ,idGh dG
aH G adG ah jdG b dG e dG G ANEG e
.jH QGVCG hO WS
`` f`` G `` j`` ` `H `` ` `` `FQ O`` `` ` jh

e G ``KC`J M ,i`` NCG O```HCG

H h``M EG iOCG H fa
bH Y GPa ,KCdG je G
I```LCG eJ ch ?``G ``jGhR
a S dG cG e G
?OGdG
`` `fG`` `G `` `` ` J `` `VG`` `` ` ` ` ` ` S
WGGeGkOY
dG
QG e jGdG fch ,dhDGh
G H FfEG AHdG H
``H `````S ``f````H ``Y`````dG
dG KCdG EG QTCG ``dG G
J M ;Y dGh QeCd
ej I H jQdG Y YfG
dG fdG f RMG H
S O``Lh EG ``k `a ,G MLG
,j ```dG AG e ``F``e
f J c QhO ``d ``c ``
fc KQc e Gh fdG
.hG
fe H QG eR ``eCG
MdG Y f H ``j````dG
j dGh dG GhL HG
J dhDG Ta QdG N
,G `` gCG LGj dG I``f```G
J ``KC` ` J ```M ,``` ah``X I`` YG`` eh
be H dH c H G
fh UdG dG fG c ,GG
S e j jdG HQG ITe
d S eCJ fG a QN
J f Sh eCJ hCG aG NGO
d G JEG EG Ge
k .Jfe
,YGQdG ``gCG U e Ic
k
.jQG TTdG JEG Y a

Jh H QeCG Se fG jH SG :dG a
QGdG a Y dPh dG jJ GQqn Yh dGh jOhCG Q
QeCGh dG QNCG e G EG iOCG dG eCG gh ,d HdG
61
Tadreeb #3.indb 61

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:23 AM

MS

Id J dGh QeCG e QJ
G e Y a QJh dBG
j M G adG e ;eG
Y eRdG SdG jQdG OG``YEG
JQN ``dGRE eJ IO``YEG K eh
g e edG jh ...qk Ff dGREG hCG
k ah hCG bG j e ``ah ``G
``gOG``YEG j dG SdG jQd
OG CG EG Ge
k .G J Y
edG OGh GKCJ Y d dhG
J jqk Oa G kL J
dBG d OG aJ EGh IMGh
J Rh`` ``WG``G IY J
(295) PfEG EG iOCG dG eCG ,MG
c ,jNBG (2129) ANEGh ,T
k
The T GkO``a (1854) AG``jEG
J ``e ``SQG``eh ``j``N `````Lh

Y G adG je Ff dCS
UGdG ``e ```dG O```dG aJ i``e
Y QeCG g Ia N Nd
adG jje CG EG QTCa G
jd ``a```j dG `` G
gDG MdGh UGdG e OY
,G NGO PfEGh dG Y Y
e ``j```dG P``` fEG G``cQ``` T ``j``dGh
H fSG J dG ``G
CG Ve
,G a
k
adG cGeh GQGOEG H OSEG N
adG jjeh dG G
W J G We G
We e UGdG e Y YdG
.dP VdG J d a iNCG
:dG Y H L dG bh
dG ```G `` dGREG hCG gCJ IO`` YEG EG

M e dP CG G kcDe ;FdG aCG

g dG Q```eCG e edG ``N
.VG IdG G Y
PJG ``fCG Ve
``dP jh
k
d J dG GAG``LEG e jdG
GAG``LEG J fc AGS WG e
Hh A``` KCG hCG `` G S ```F``bh
GAG``LEG J CG EG Q```TCGh ,``G
GQe JG dG YdG
S ``f``eCG ``N ``e hCG
dGh H FdG ``G ``a``dG
e eCG G dG MU SCGj
.dG
``f``` ` ` SG `` `` ` fEG : `` `` ` VCGh
AKCG ``G ad HdG GFdH
N hCG ,Gk ` ND` e Q``` eCG g I``a
.edG OGh OG WGG Y dG

OGh GKCJ Y d dhG OG : dG L dG

ANEGh ,T
k (295) PfE d aJ EGh jOa~ J edG
The T GOk a (1854) AGjEG c ,jNG (2129)
H ISCG (145) KZEG M ,SQGeh jN Lh
ce QJ CG H ZCGh N
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 62

dG jQdG

62
2/3/09 8:51:25 AM

b H dH QGVCG ``EG QeCG

``G ``g e : TdG dG
e dG IQGOEG e J g j
bGd LdH fdG a J LCG
aVEG ,QeCG e QdG H dG
k
XM
MUEG YS Y dG EG
jh ,jdG ee eS Y
bGG cJ ``jQhO g CG EG
OhM NGO Jh QGVCG H dG
bd J j M jQGOEG G
.dG IQGOE HdG fdG
GKCH j a fCG EG j c
IdG H dG QeCGh edG OGh
YdG Lh dG eC UG
- Qh``G : e bdG GP eG
MCG dG - WdG - G adG
.dG IQGOEG - eCG jQhdG -

RL gJG dG GAG``LEG Yh
J ```dG ``` dG f ``` dG `` eCG

,````e``bEG I``a W d ```L``dG

N H ISCG (145) KZEG M
.ce QJ CG H ZCGh
QSG dM
``e``dG OG`` ` d ````VG``dG ``KC` ` ` dh
IdG Fb dG dG Y QeCGh
/dG dH dG eC UG
CG EG QTCG dG TdG H N
jdG dG H J jQhdG
M h ,YdG QG``e Y FdG
e QSG dM J dGh QeCG
ee eS Y ad G
NJ IQh```V EG ``gO```TQEGh ,```dG
N dG Y gS N Q``G
YH ``` f ``` c ,Q`` ` `eCG ``b````J
e G`` bG ``Y IQh````H ```WG``G
G ceCG hCG QdG hCG QG
.jQGOEG fOhM NGO J dGh

dG eC UG IdG e jQhO c : TdG N dG

YdG L H dH dG h ,QGVCG H dG bGG
dG - WdG - G adG - QhG : e bdG GP eG
dG IQGOEG - eCG jQhdG - MCG
63
Tadreeb #3.indb 63

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:27 AM

OCGh IQGOEG

UdG fi H dU

dG H aW jUh
jQGOEG IOd

HQG hDd dG ch
.IjH dG dG

qm
Oj CG J jUdG g e Uh ch ,gOHCG Qj e
,hG bJh ,AG dhGJ e Id ;ec c
l d
.IOdG gJh
JCG QNG MCG : hCG UdG
dG QNG Y cdH jUdG g YdG aG
e djh ;(G) g IMGh m U aJ TGh .SG
g aq Y c (G) CG dP ;dG c Y J m U
H dG RGdGh ,dG Ve AdG Vh)
CG Y LEG j Oj jG IQGOEG h .(MG
dh , jdG OQGG g d G QSG
.NBG mAT CG
UdG NJ h MdG Va :fdG UdG
Y O`
q m `Y Z G kH H IOh```G JfeEG cC
r G
S fEa bdH fk e FdG c a ;jdG jW
jJ jW Y d dG ``WEG j e ``KCG IOh``
.MdG
e Qm bh ,dGh OdG e f
m EG j S jdGh
k d a ,dG
.WH ak j b fCG c ,S
J ``e ``e`
k ` b S jdG G``g CG c
hH ``fEG H ,UdH NdG hO dG jM Vd
Vq G O .H dG SQ CG aCG e a dP
.Y G dG YCG f dh JbW Gj
dG e jJ h NBG CGdG J : ddG UdG
e H J dh ,FH Yj GkOY S
Rj hCG ,fk MCG De dSdG g J bh ,dSQ hCG qk g j
hej jdG e dG S H ,SG SCG eM
Y k L eJ CG QMa .QNCG j hCG ,VhCG e
f S fC ;edG hCG ,jbG e Y fCG

e qn e dG aY ,gL l YT dG dG H aW
: e dG ,IQG e N
l `WCG d
dG gX TdG bc J K bH `
eC
m H ,jdGh SOdG Rhj ,Hqk T YdG Gg b
eb Nj CG Lj aW c bh ,g H hY G e
: a ,Gj d ,PfE
````V``a ``` d Q`` ` `U m ` ` ` H G```HC`j h ``e``b SCG
`` ` `` `VGh `` ` d G `` ` ` J ``` ` d``N `` ` `c m`` ` `` `N `` ` c
!``MQ``` d``H `````dG ``` ` TCG `` e m``` ` K `` ` e hQCG o ` ` ` ` ` ` c
d GMG IGhdG CG EG ,Y KGMh H b ZHh
,H h ,M J ,dEG HG FdG e OH
j ,dL j hCG fhQ J CG hO hdG J X
jQGOEG G IOb Lj c ,gG dG T dEG
a L dG IdG g e .jdGh OG dG
: jUdG e Gk OY
p ` ``pU``Jo h ``k ` ` p ` Mn `r ` `p` SQr nC` `a `k ``p `Sr ` eo m ` `L`
n ` M ``` c GPEG
p ` ``p ` r ` Jn h ``k ` ` p ` dn Qr hp `` ` `` `a in ` n ` dr G `n ```Y m`` ` er nCG `
o ` H Er Gh
p ` ``p ` r ` Jo h `` r ` ` Yn C` ` r ` ` Jn `` a ``fOn `` ek r ` `jn `n ` r ` pe `l ```pU``f Er Gh
n GPh
p ` ``p ` r ` fn n ` ` ` p``n ` dG nq E` ` ` ` a o ` nq ` Mn `r `` p ` n ` r ` Jn `qp ` ` G
p ` ``p` or nr `` `fCG GPEG ``k ` j p``Mn `m ``p `
nr n ` rgqn ` dG p ` co r ` Jn h
n
n
n `nq ` `` ` fo h
p ` ` ``qp`` ` fn n ` ` ` ` fn `` ` ` ` eCG nq E` ` ` ` ` `a p ` ` p ` ` rgCG EG `n ` `j p`` `G
UM ```Y m ````e ```j``M Am i`` ` eG `` `a ``` U`` h
p p r Tn pe or n dG o n r Jn r bn h o ` `oq ` `do mpR`` ` ` Y `k ` ` `an `` ` pe r ` `` `an
1p```qp`an `` pe p ` eCr ``H `n `` Jp Cr ` jn h `` `k ` ` ` ` MnCG o ` ` o ` ` ``p `` ` nr n ` ` ` ` ` ` `NBn Gh
Y J m Y m HH IdG g e H
m c M
qc EG LG jUdG T QdG g NCG bh ,jY
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 64

dG jQdG

64
2/3/09 8:51:28 AM

.IOG f e CGj GAk L UCG b

Md eCG fGh ,KdH gG : HdG UdG
bh ,OL Y
m d eCG U bdG KdH gG EG
J eY dEG LG dh ,k FGO KdG Gg EG
.QdG TG Y jG jW EG Ld K a
,dG dG gCG cCG ``eCG Gg hj bh
k G d ,bGG e c
feCa ,``f``eCG e Al ``L jC
m
.jOG G Y J
eY hCG dG XG j b ,QGOEG dG h
j g Hh ,e e GbG hCG Ia J fEG
e Z EG He IdG j H GPEG eCG Gg Y ICaG
edG Gg aGO j Jb
m CG J .aGh ASDhdG
!?dG Gg e TCG
GdG j b UG : edG UdG
e VCG VCG QeCG H V S jG j b
iMEG dG Sg IOYEG AGN Lh bh ,e S
V S J dG GeCGh Gh bdG CG cdG
g ba e JQN Oj G OGG H e ahe
e Gk e EG d a dG bdG EGh .GG GY OGG
CG Md a ddh GH H
q m sjJ EGh eG UG ge
H PJG UM Y j qk Y G e Gk c
H K k Ua e jo hCG gMCG j bh ,GQGdG
dG UG EG .GAGLEG hCG FKdG H jdG bJ
.a dG gEd He f EG ODj b a
Y G J h gH J : SdG UdG
SdG
g ,SdG Y H j e g gG dh HG
dh ,jQdG a e AG dCG Y OOJ IYdG
IY c g Gg ;dEG LG Qd Y c fhj GX
:a dG H aW Iah e Y e K e cCG H gOOj
Q``` ` g l ` ` `` ` `SCG `` ` `HG`` ` `KCG h jQOa dG LdG i``J
jdG LdG X a G`` J GPEG ``j``` dG ``` ` ` jh
,ATCG hO UTCG Y IQe H EGh IYdG gh
.AT c Y J jG jYdG fCG H UCG fCG EG
BG QU a ,Y dCG b k He cCdG dP c GPEa
QSG gh ,hCG HG EG Lj e Ggh .H cCG Hk e
.G kh ,k jQJh ,GQk NG :jdG OQGG
.Mh UCG : a
.1
m
q .dG V : d RY

65
Tadreeb #3.indb 65

k jdG
.aGh dG e Y W
J dG dG e d l Lf l Y adG EG
S da JG
dSCG jJ CG c ,G dG
m
ADg e c
eG Uh e
m
l j bh ,eBG jH
.dP H gQGhOCG YG
FGQBH Kh AGH f MCG : HGdG UdG
dG UdG OCH j CG SG FdG hT e d
Y j e CG dG jQhV e dh ,Y Y
cQT a SdG QhT eh ,UdG g e EG LG
AD` g ``N e SG ``jDh``dG d JG GPE` a .dY
.G Y cJh Ya AGG
bh ,aK e d IQSd G dG jJ EG
e fj J IQS k e af CG f
TdG hG Gg e JQN CG e ,e he
NdG
m
.IQSG g b VCG VCG J b
Q``eCG UN ,AT d AG``N XJ J bh
,bKe LQN L
m S dh ,Wf U dG
Ggh ,k FGO L dG GQSG g e J e
e fEG .(dG) H jG IQGOEG J e
. eJ b dEG eY G CGdH
M Y aG YCGh dH dG : eG UdG
jNBG
Ql SG d ,`` LCG jW Ql SG dH G``` dG EG
bdG a .jNBG M Y aG YCG EGh ,e
b Y Gd JbW H dG UCG a gj ``dG
J CG J QeCG Ea ,jT Z m ae X IG
c
m l UQ jd j d dG aG bJ H d
.jG N dG j c fS gYh .SdG K e
hCG e cCJ m eCG Y J : SOdG UdG
UH
,jdG J Y dG OG e k ac GQk b HG
,UdG ae Y UMGh .GMCG jGhQhCG ,AGQBG fhCG
e Gc
k aCG qk e VG c e VG Y JS Ea
H HCG EG bGe J bh , hCG Qe H
m jGhQ
.dG Gg e mAT
k
,G Gg Gc
k WT jQGOEG eG f b d
H ,IH GQGdG PJG YJ FMEG GhOCG UCGh
g jH e BG g SM ee EG b fEG
FMEG GhOCG g CG c ,QR Y d aJ ,dG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:29 AM

``jQ```dG ````Y``a

...a jQJ LCG e

eG jQdG H
OTQ fi jdG Y .O
FHdG dG b FQ
.IjH dG dG

ICG J : IC` ` ` ` G J
iNCG dG BG Y jQdG
aGJ IQhV : e UdG H
qn n jo h .ac M eGh TQdG
k ``TQ``dG J CG
bG k He T
G QG dCj M fG dG
jh .LJ H jS dG dG
dH G G b e cCdG
e IOSGh ``dP I``YG`` QG
eh .He YCG HdG GG
UGe aGJ (cDG e H) bG
.jQG id jQdG Bd UN

KdG dG jQdG UY V
QG Y HS de dhJ
Gg hfh .SG QGh `qn`gDo G
jQdG H gh ddG dG G
.eG
UdG ac jQdG H J
OC``H ````jQ```dG dH ``` ```dG
IO`` G ``j``` e h``` ` Jh .``````U```J
UdG ``g .dG ````dG
S Yh .jdG e Fa j
H UY J -G G
: j e jQdG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 66

dG jQdG

66
2/3/09 8:51:30 AM

FG Ia AdEG : hCG QG
fSGh ,`````SD`G gJ ```dG
JOH ahG dG LGH
.`` ` `e`` G `` ` `G `` `g ````c
e Q````NG G``g LGjh
HdG dH LGG g aGJ Y
.JQf hCG
eT jJ GMEG : dG QG
h .SDG FM dCJ dBG
Gg AGH fSG e fe
QhO dch LCG hO e G
j ```c , mGQ ie ```Y f
Y IjT jH dDG QNG
```H```Sh ``` JG``dG I``` ` dG ``S``` SCG
````dG ````dC``J I````L ```` `YCG
```h .``` H``` dG ``` ` d``H ``````dG
e c d QNG IFGO SJ
AGOCG ``` Y IQ`` ` `dG `````f i`` j
H SDG Q``N ``e G ``g
CG ``b``JCG h .`````G Q`` N ``eh
jj G`k `` c ``qk `d``e k Y ``dP
UNh k dM bfEG j ``dG Y
```eC` `Gh ``b````G ```` `NG `` e
.Fd
dG J ;S ``e EG ``a```VEG
jh IjY iNCG UY jQdG
``e``` o G `` e`` G :``` ` e ``g``` ` M
``dG `````fCG - G - HQd
dG gh .hdG jQdG - e
e - G - dhf dG
.eOb
OGYEG IQhV EG jdG dCGh
ee H jQdG dG UY
``g ````H ``` ` UG``e ``NG``` J ``` M
GdGh ICG J e UdG
Yh .FGh gG dch dG
EG f fEa SG edG
gG dG jJ gh OG dG
YGh HjEG dG P G
.G e

67
Tadreeb #3.indb 67

QhdG eh .G aBG GSG

G``a Y ``g```Gh G LGe
EG K H J CG iQCG Se eR
.cCG Y GS N
e H : ``` ` jQ``` dG ``F``` G
``jQh``dG ```LG``G IQh``` V ``Y ``f``cP
eCG e I``M fCG d
ddG e UNh !!jQdG FG
H CG Y f dh .gOGYEG
`````dG ``jQ``` ` d ``e``` dG ``` ` ` SD` G
FG QG`` ` `UEGh OG`` `YEG ````Gh
MG e dG HT b jQdG
iG Y d Ff EG iOCG
Gc
k k jJ M ,G hCG FdG
IO``G M e i``NCG EG M e
c eh .dDG T Y GkOYG
f h .``G g Gg j CG j
T Y d dHo dG OG
e dG Y bG dh Me
.``dEG ..dG Seh ``G ``f
Me ``` i`` `NCG Q``` h
fCch FG L hJh jJ CG
``Hh !`` `MGh T ````SG``H `` `YCGo
e Y bCG jjCG
CG UCG Y Lo G dG FG
SDG e ``gOG``YEG dGh
gd ``e`
k `Y KdG gj ``e e
FG g Jh .YdG jfdG
hCG j a AG```S FdG IO````H
f Lh ``eh .G G`` NEG
jQN MCG EG AdG iQCG dG
: VGh H

j bk WEG j dP EG aVEGh
ICe EG iNCG VGZC YCG Be
hCG qn d HSG jQJ
- T hO - dP S M ,gZ
j dc .jG IOL M Y
ICG AG`` `LCG ``aG```J CG
J ``LQ``H YdG ``eCG FSh
J J M ,G WG Y
Y ,eG Y TQdG FSdG
aVEH .jdG GVG Yb
aGJ E``a ;``W```G ``e ``j```G EG
IQdG H YdG ``eCG Ge
gOLh Y OYG QG S
.eGSGh
``Y ```j : ``````dG G``` ` ` ` dG
dGh R``dG QdG aJ hdG
eGh ``TQ``dG Gh Ge e
SQ Qe d J dG LQdH
.Q`` G G````TEG `` H ````dG
OY Y GG e dG OdG jh
.dG jQdG IVG HQG
Y HQG OY jj CG QhdG eh
.He Qd M e M
e M Y OdG Gg j CG j c
V dG Y Q``` G Oj M
QG Y j dG eCG gh ,ja
.JYGe
QJ : jQdG gGh G
j dd .jd jS H dG
G jd SG dBG aGJ CG
H .YdG H jQdG gGh
Y IQdH dBG g J CG j

aGJ CG j dd .jd jS H dG QJ ~
H jQdG gGh G jd SG dG
Y gGh G LGe QhdG eh .YdG
N EG K H J CG iQCG Se eR Ga
cCG Y GS

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:31 AM

cQe

G d dG aCG ..fEG

QdG HL H dN
Gh dG jQdG eCG
.dG

````G ``e OQG`` ``dG `````dG ``Z

a .``g``Zh ``J``c``Mh ``JGA``E` c
e dG f d J G S
da ,dSdG e K e j
H JCj G jG
QSG hCG AGSG hCG ``EG
SG ```Y ``KD` j `` ``g``Z hCG
g R``Jh ,``j``G ``e dG
G dG J CG gCG MG
k Gh H
Y G kYe eY
.G SG
e fdG MG ``g h : dG -2
dN jh ;fEG MGe
H ``` HQh ``d ``` ` ` SG ``e
MG ``gh .G i``d ````G
G`k ```a ;Gq`k ` ``L ````G ``MG``G ``e
dG H G dJ ``e
,``` ` G ``H ``` ` j `` ``W``G
e jY MG g Jh
N a ;cqo dGh SG :g
a EG G Uj SG
``N `` eh ,``` ` G ``e ``` ` e
YSG ``e G ``H``j ``cqo ```dG
NG `` ``k `ah ``d SG H

OjEG e Wd d UdG
.G dS e Y k e G
aH Qh``G SdG eY Y jh
edG Jbe KdG jG
,jG Veh G W M
j CG h```j ``e ``g G Gh
.hCG fEG ie k FGO
CG dG H XG e jh
CG c .QGSH G k```L k e j
``dG gd ``S```SCG dG ````fEG
j SG HSd UdG j
hdG Rjh UGdG j hNBG
GdG ja ,Jje ajh e
Y dG REG Ua e jjh dH
.eCG LdG
: fEG FGa
gCG e dh Ic FGa fEd
: j e
.dH dG AH Y Yj .1
fC dEG MJj ``j``NBG j .2
.d J
GQOEGh jNBG Ye d gDj .3
.ahX
jh ``G a f Y Yj .4
.YJ e
.M a OhOQ PJG Y Yj .5
.G Yh dG Y dG Oqp j .6
cCG j e k dZ G dG .7
.YCG REG da
fEG MGe
H IG fEG Y J d
: g MGe HQCH CG j
e hCG ``` M``G ``g : ``` ` ` dG -1
SMEG jh ;fEG MGe
PCG jW Y JdG LH
SGG b e LJ ed d
(gfh ...dGh dG) iNCG
LJ dG JdG dSdG jH
JG e IOSH dPh edG

,qn e dG EG j a fEG
Jd FdG `` `cQCG ``e jh
G ````Lh `` bh ,`` j`` NBG ``e ``qn ` ` dG
Y ````fEG EG - ```Jh fS : J ``b M ```dG BG``` dG S
GfCGh d GSa BGdG b GPEGh}
fEG EG fTQCa |MJ d
.a SH AcG Yh
LdG EG : db MCG Y KCG bh
eCG J CG b e aYCG eCH Kd
jQCG h jM e j M dEG UCa
.Ie hC SCG CG
da ;dG j fEGh
Y JdG LH SMEG Y g
LH edG b qn Kn eh ,PCG jW
bh ,``FO d c EG ``L``G J
SGh dG : fCH fEG qp Yo
Jh a SGG L SGh
.d SG HSGh G dSQ
CG EG SGQdG e jdG Jh
fEG hj SdG e dY f
j fEG CG EG aVEG ,qn dG
S %25 e j EG JcGP
.jM C YS e ej H
QJ ``K``K je ````fE`dh
: j qk ah qk FJ
SG : hCG ````fEG ie
dS e Y G hO d
QT SG ``dh`` ``e k e
d dG cdG N e Ueh
k dj e
ee Y J e hCG d
.JcMh JGAEGh Lh
dG : ``` dG ``` ` fEG ie
G ``H hO ``b````G d
Q`` ` `XEG ```e ````U````G ``` ` ` ` S
dP j ``dh d gG
.G bGh
hO dG : ddG fEG ie
J LQd jG Heh fEG

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 68

dG jQdG

68
2/3/09 8:51:32 AM

JGdG HbdG
fEG Y iM W Vj eY
f CG jh QeCG bGd Qe bY
Gg j fEa Je a dGh jdG
.j ``dG QdG e NCj hCG dG
aU ``dG ``e ;e GD``S Qj gh
fEG ?e QcEG hCG iG e cCG Y
U Y ak N JGdG HbdG T h
MCG j h ,G GOTQEG JH
G hCG dG Y
dG gGHEG dN c ``NGO (```L).bE
```JG``dG ``H``b``dG
.IjH dG dG HG IQGOEG
ea NB fEG e JQ J L
Gg `` dY ```G G``g JQ J
YT Z Y JQH f KM EG ,Y Rj CG CGe MU fEG
jOCJ Y Sj CG g GPEGh ,S e H cj OUH d G Gg Ea
MU j M QO e (JGdG HbdG) dj .eh MU Xh
.Y dG ch
dGh dGh eG dN e S a IdH
r
dG dG Ub .hY bh AMCGh f SCGh HQ VQCG JGdG HbdH
e gh .d QV g e c Y OHd jh j Y NDj j h QeCG Qj
edG H ebC
k G a M ;UN hCG eM fc AGS BG j
!!!e G beh Jh gJ h
fCG f GPa
S he a ? JGdG HbdG SG GQk L Yhe
k
k G HQ e U e
.k fK f eh hC
j j} ,|k bQ Y c G EG} Y bQ - Jh fS - G EG
Y EG} ,|T AT c Y Gh fh G MCG GY a L G
.|J e j Jc eGc
k a
dG N ``dC``SCG" : - Sh Y G U - dG A``YO ``e ``ch
."IOdGh
dG EG AG J CG - Y G VQ - Y Y eCG geCJ IU H
.fGj Y : CG a ,dG Y AG Vh Y f G CG EG dG a
d T ,NGO IeY e IdG dG g id JGdG HbdG fa
."fGj G d" eCG Y gOH edG j EG jQdG
fZ ejh fGNCG HQ Y d J JGP HbQ jd J GP fCGh fCG
qk J K d qk J ?QeCG bGd ck GQOEGh GUh
k Y e ibCG IdG J CG CG ?ffO
.IdG c f EG d
dG ``L````SGh ``jQG``dG q ` Y a jSG ``eD`G `` YEGh dG GPEG
dGh q ` ` dG i```S ``a S ```Y ``d`` ``a Gkq ` ` ` ` S `` ` ` YEG `` d`` N E` ` ` ` a

69
Tadreeb #3.indb 69

C`H k Y ,Q`` ``e ``J``cGP

e jd Gh G
J ``` ` J hCG ``` J `` `FG`` `Yh
J Q``eCG ``gh ,H QG``G
eG HQ Y Jh ,dY
:eh IO`` GH IOQG`` dG
,I`` G ,``` b``` dG ,``j``c``dG
IQ```dGh ,````dG ,``aGh``dG ,````dG
.jdG
```d```dG ``` M``G `` gh : ``` ` dG -3
Jh ;``````fEG ``MG``e ``e
j CG TdG G ``e
M ``jCGQ j CG b eG
gh .SCG e QcEd VG d
a ;SG MGG e MG
Od G J ``e qo ` `on dG
G j CG b j e Y
G ``` o ````fCG ``` c ,`` ` jCGQ
SG b e CGQ P``` JG
E`a dHh .````G ej ``
Je Yh MG ``g i``e
j ``e````a ;``j``G H
```a ```e``Zh Gk ` H``Y ``j``G
dGh G Y J CG j
.U
Y CG dG j : HSG -4
H fEG e d HSG
Gh ,dG MGe e g
MGe NBG a ce Me fCG
.dG MGe jGHh fEG
GSH HSG Y Jh
hCG ``j````c ;`````dG ``` ` JG
dG ``Z ````JG GSH
cMh GA``EG e G c
MG ``g Jh .gfh m``jCG
G QTE - hCG G ,G kL d SG dSQ CH
.dG dH bo h ao h
``MG``G a egG jh
j cGQOEG IOjR fEd HQCG
,LdG fEG Y N
QhG SG Y fCG Of j
.dG dH HQCG MGG Y

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:33 AM

IOG aBG

IOG f Y
GG G Y .O
SGQdGh dG J ce je
.IjH dG dH

IQY g dG dG CG ij M
dG AG`` `LCG ``e ``HG``e `q m `c ``Y
IO YCG hCG Y R``E J
IO``G VfG ``Y hD` ` ` G ``g
dP c AGS a edG dh
,eN b hCG eL hCG e
e %80 CG ij "O" a dd
e ````dGREG IO``G ce
VH ``dPh ,ddG IQGOEG N
LG e SJ dG G``gCG
dG AGOCG Y edG ``jQ``Jh
AGOC gh ,U IQH
NGdG aG A``` dEGh ,````dG
X dG ``g ``eh ,dG
j dGh edG IOG e
N e jG ZQ
MGdG G dG
L GSH ICG XdG
.MG ``jO``Gh jdG FSdG
d edG IO`` G E``a ``d``d
H FMEG dSCGh W Y IQY
.k Jh aK IOG J a
dG ``` SGQ``dG ``e ````dG ``` KCG
g CG HdGh jeCG jLCG
ie ``` JQG ``H ``jO``W ``b``Y
R``EG hCG ``` fEG YS h IO`` G
GP `````G C `` dPh ;``` ` dG
J GP J ddG IO``G

Ak Hh .eG YdG H
j dG jN E` a ``dP Y
J ``` dG GQ````G CG
``N ```e `` ``dPh ```` `G `` `g
``jQ```dGh ```gC``dG Y jJ
e) G`` ` gCG ``e ``cG````d
a GPEG `` `eCqn G ,(``j```````G
gCdG Y dGh cGG
.dG f CG G k``HCG f a
gh e UN EG g fh
cGe Y QOdG ``G dG CG
Jh jJ ``N ``e G````dG
YCG Ua
k jdG Y
.eG dG e d H
``S````SCG ``` ` ` dG `` g ``` ` a``` G
iOCG ``` M : IO`` `` H ``` ` g``d
``` f``H``` dG ``Y``` ` ` dG ````````cG
G ````gG EG jeCd
IO``G SCG a jeCG
e ``` f``H``` dG ``Y``````d ``` d``` dG
,LfEG JQGh gS VfG
dG IO``jR EG iOCG ``dG ``eCG
YVe
UCG M IO``G
k
``SQ``jh dG a ``dD`J ``qk ``S```SCG
EG ``d``H ````fh .``` e``G
IOG ie aQ CG gh UN
ed adG GQ```dG jj
``e ``e``` G `````G hCG
hCG eM fc AG```S YdG
dG Ua ``e jj `` gCG
.YdG d AdGh
g IOG Vf FdG dG
g Jh : edG dh dG
"O" a SCG iMEG dG

GkMCG CG jCG g j b
UCG M ,IOG j
c H OO``J dG dG ``e
fc AG```S ```e``YEG GdG
g QUh ,Ye hCG Fe hCG IAhe
YdG e d Lg
k IOH bdG
EG J dG eGh gCG
dG G hCG eG IOL ie
G S a ,jd eJ
AedG e ja dG dG jd
SQh UdG Vh Y j jdG
ie ``aQ gJ ```dG G`` `gCG
V IOe UCGh H ,dG IOG
dG b IQG OGG e IOG
Vf S G Gg h ,fG
..IO``G aK e f Y k e
M jO
q e IOH gG
- Sh Y G U - G SQ b
k cMCG Y GPEG j G EG)
Y
dG AGOCG j JEGh (j CG
Ggh ,Y QG jd k ah
.IOG SSCG g
IQ``` dG ``` fCG ```Y IO`` `G ``` Jo
``L``M h `````` A``a``dG ```Y
``d``d .(``F``H``dG)``j``` ` ` ` ` G
ie ``a``d hCG I``` G E` `a
``j``j `` e ``a``` ``` J IO`` ` G
A``a``dG Y dG ``K hG
Y dP Wdh ,G H
- G S Y - dG dG
``HQ````G `` g ``` J``L`` E` ` `a
,a GQ hOh``G jG
e UG dG g hGh
dch `` TQhh fe hCG ``c```T

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 70

dG jQdG

70
2/3/09 8:51:33 AM

f fEa e f IOG ie aQ fOQCG GPEG

edG L id IOH YdG ie aQ EG
J FSh Y jQdG N e dPh dG
Sbh G Mh eG L W e IOG
FdG
.`` ` `` `` `SD` `G hCG `` ` `` `` `G
``````G ``j``` ` dG ``a``` K A``` H
``k `H``K ``ak ``g `` dP ``` Lh ``` ` dG
IQe J GPEG) de GSGh
J GPEG) d (``g```J ``a
d `` fCG ``dP j ``a IQ`````e
d ``dP h (gjJ ```eE``H
aJ Vh SDG hCG G
d ``` p ` dG ```e IO````a ,``` L
g H dEG UdG hf
.Ie MQ
be H ``` NCG ..G`k ` ` NCG
d dG eJ CG
IQSG J MCG H a ,IOG
H MU ie Y dG bCG
,cSG G hCG ,QdG b
;gCGhCG eM L e eG hCG
GA``` ` dGh G``` ` G ``a``` d `` dP h
AGLEG Y IQG jd dGh jdG
hCG G e d dG GQNG
dG Ea dd .QNG eG
d ShCG eN J CG J
G G``g SdG ``e GPEG
HG GQ``` ` NG AG`` `LEG ``N ``e
IO``G ie ``S```bh ,UGd
QdG bh GhOCGh GGh ILCd
G e hdGh ,dG IOLG
IQGRh e bdG GP gCGh eG
cGh YdG ``a```dGh IQ````dG
GQNG FH G WMEGh QhGh
.YEG FSh N e

71
Tadreeb #3.indb 71

:"`````ThCG" ``H```dG ``` dG ``` j

``` ` ` Jh ``` ` ` ` d``H IO`` ` ` G ``````J
CG `` ` fOQCG GPEG ``` fE` a ``d``d ``````d``H
```f IO`` ` G i``` ` ` e `` e ``a``f
i`````e `` `aQ EG ``` ` f ````fE``a `` e
edG ````L i`` d IO````H ``Y``dG
L `` `N `` e `` ` dPh ``````dG
`` dP ````````jh ,```M```` `G `` F`` ` `S`` dG
IO``G J ``F``` Sh ```Y ``jQ``` dG
`` Mh ```e```` `` `G `` ` `L `` ` `W `` `e
.FdG Sbh G
Ga) jOdG IO``G Ff ``e
ihYdG ,dG dG f dG
VfG ,```F`````dG ih``` ` ` dGh
.(``` fEG c ``` JQG ,```L```fEG
SDGh G :"O" j
jS Ff h`` dG
dP eh ,a T IOG
Ff hf jGdG fCG
ie `` aQ - ``````H `` dh i``d ``` ` dG ``` ` J ``` M IO`` ``G
J j dP H K ,edG
YCGh TCG H IO``G fCG

a J dG Yh ,L
eG ``G OG``Gh ,SCG
gj ,O``LCG J J
fh dG IO``YEG ``M J
``dG `` `eCG ,IQ``` ` G hCG ``b``` dG
dG YS aJ Y j
jj ``G OG``G e bdGh
Bd HdG K eh LfEG
IO````H ```J`````e `````J ``` dG
J dG BH fQe ddG
GPEGh ,G IOH Je
bGh Y dG g J dhM
j CG ``dP E` a dG
d dG QNG N e
SG SGQdG OG``Gh ,dG
.dG jQdG e GgCG d
IO`` ` `G EG :"`` `` ` O" `` ` `j
e ``H dG Y ``e ``JC` J
````eh ``` ` ` ` dG ``` ` `` `N
OYG ``fCG IQdG ``g
`` ` `dG ``` ` ` G ``` ` a ``` Y
J AG``LEG e ``H H ,J
fc AG```S jdG dG
``g``j``` Jh ``` e``N hCG ``` Y``` ` U
a EGh ,IO`` ``G i`````e ``a``d
QNGh dG Y ``
g dG ``gh ,IO`` G ``aQ
Q````G IO`` `G ``H j ``e
e UGd HG ````fEGhCG
k ANCG e hCG hCG IG
e H
.Jh Y dG

JQG H jOW bY g CG SGQdG KCG

C ;dG REG h fEG YS h IOG ie
OGGh ,SCG YU ddG IOG GP G
M J gj ,OLCG a eG G
IQG hCG bdG fh dG IOYEG

dG jQdG 2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

2/3/09 8:51:34 AM

IOG aBG

,J HdG fc GPEG
?f f GPa
WdG (``jQ``d``H ```d``e) I``F``L .2
dG FfEG G``gCG eh ,IOd
IO``G eGHh IOd JGSG
d ``jQh````dG ``e``Gh fG
.dG aG
IQGOE `` ` `HhQhCG `````SD`G I``F``L .3
IYeh e dGh ,IO``G
cQd `` HhQhCG A```fCG aH G
G IO````dh dG fCG
A`` ` `VQEGh ,``` ` ` dG A```` `VQE ``j``` ` d``H
Y ``KC``dGh ,aG IQGOEGh ,edG
jjG Ydh Gh ,dG Ff
k
eY
edG IO``G IQGOEG H ``HQhCG
.dG adG Ie EG Ud k SM
eh IOd (jdGY G) IFL .4
IOG ie aQ Y dG aGgCG
d eGh YdG YdG
.dG aG Y IQOb
IOG IQGOEG J Ea ,S f
dG SDG e jdG edG
Ic LQH gS ``HhQhCGh jeCG
aGgCG SDG g
dG ZQ Jh ,HJ QGgEG hH
g A````YCGh Gh Q`` eCG A``` dhCGh
k ,jQdG
jQdG W Y a
jHJ ge Jh dG FShh
dP jh ,JGdG dG Y FJ
k G
hdGh cQdH eDJ jOb WC
jdG H Ojh ,cQG L H
dY je h``H jh G`` MGh
QG )aCd dG f aGOh
.(HdG
dAJ c Af CG d G`k ` NCG
M jeCG (S H EG) RJ
fc GPEG) GH FKh a fEH eb
.(?f f GPa ,J HdG

PdGh ````SCG dbh ,d

HcG e dG j dG QaCGh
G ``jQ``` dG `` N ``e Q`` ` `G
LQd J M G i AJQd
f e BG a ,dG
GMdG J H dhGeh b e f
,dG Y cdG : dP eh jQdG
,dG H bdG ,LGdG jdG
,G dG ,YdGh IOG cJ
Y G GQGdG ,dG IQGOEG GdG
IQGOEG ,A````NCG ``e ``j``b``dG ,``F```G
hQ ,dG G ,qk JGSG IOG
aK ,edG IO``G IQGOEG jdG
Gh``fh e ,h``jCG IOT ,IO``G
,jQdG G``M``dG IO````H UN
IQGOEG ,IO`` `G e ,IO`` `G
e `` G G Jh ,dG
.......,dG
dG IO`` `G `````J ``` ` UCG
```YCG ``e```Y ``` bGh M ``jQ``` dGh
I``F``L CG 1993 `` Y hG`` `H ``d``fhQ
b d eG b IOG de
jeCG cdG fL EG dG
```e````dG IO`` `G :``` fG) ``b````dG
jeh dG G``` TD` e ``H dG
h ,(W ```TQ Qcd O````YG
IQGOE FGL BG a ,``G f
Whh bEGh Y edG IO``G
edG IOG IQGOEG :fG )gRHCG eh
Qcd dGh YdG J
:(OG``Y Q```c``dGh , SS
e e dGh (O) IFL .1
J g d HdG GMdGh d
IO``G IQGOEG J O```L `` i``e
Q````NGh ```f``H```dG d edG
.G Gg M
k cCG G

G gGHEG jR .O
.IjH dG dG Y
zeidlolo@hotmail.com

dGh QGOEGh jQdG QdG iOCG

gCG jGJ EG YGfCH ddG JQGh
,FMEGh dG GhOCG GSG
,G `` qk Y e
UH
k
IAch LQO TDe IOjR LCG e dPh
Lh eN ad dah AGOCG
GhOCG J gCG eh ,dG e dN
JGSG UH IO````H gG
``a``J ``` Y ``` ` ` G ``Y``` ` J ``` ` e
dPh ,AdG ZQ J dG eG
JLMGh Je J jW Y
f h ,G Zh G JbJh
N e IOG e j G
LQO) : fCH jeCG OQcCG Seb
Ma ,(````dG hCG dG ie hCG
EG IOG c J NCG dG N
,d e H dG jQdG Seb
k dG a
GQGOEG e H
(!!!!)SDH jQdG G``M``dGh
k
H be
BG UCG dh eCG jGH
IMh H J ``NCG PEG ,``L``Yh p eo
IjL aK fa ,iNCG J jQJ
jQdG G``M``dG d G i``d
cGQOEGh edG IO``G GAG``LEG Y

2009 jGa - `g1430 `U

Tadreeb #3.indb 72

dG jQdG

72
2/3/09 8:51:35 AM