Professional Documents
Culture Documents
التدريب اليوم (العدد3)
التدريب اليوم (العدد3)
indb 1
2/3/09 8:50:11 AM
Wh f ..G H
: e
2/3/09 8:50:12 AM
Tadreeb #3.indb 2
``` M``` ` aG
..G fGe
jQd G
.e dGh VdG Lh b HdG
dGh gG aG SdG EG
j ``EG ,G Gh dG
ON IOH ITdG eM UM
Y- G M - jdG eG
d jQJh OdG dG gCJ
eh ,I````G ``` LG``e ```Y GQk O`` ` b
UN ,WdG QYEG gG Ua
Me jdG ``G dG Ua CGh
j Ye d h Iaeh
k gYGH Ghd dG Oep
e J CG c ,bk e k ef
e ge EG G jQdG ge
LdG Y SGQ dO j YU
GgCG N e SDG J dG
je ``gh ,``g``` G ```J ``` L``Jh
YdGh G fG UN
H A`` a`` dG ``` Y ``g``` G ``` J ````J
.HQd
KCG f dG fEGh
Gh dG jQd edG SDG
jQdG edG IOG Y UM
bh QG j H ,Gh dG
dG GGh GQG e jH J
dah HjEH SEG e
Gg f fCG fh ,eCGh Wh eN
c UH ,```Vhh aH dG
fGj jdG GG HQG e
,HQd eh ``a``f ``c ```J ``Y
jH d ``L``JCG CG g ```J```jh
dG gOL Y eG aGhh dG
GgCG f RJQG f
Gh dG jQdG I``L``G
.G
3
Tadreeb #3.indb 3
G fi gGHEG .O
dG jQdG FQ
.dH Gh
2/3/09 8:50:14 AM
Gh VG H GG ```J
iG Y jdG QdG JG LdJ ``NCG
M f fc dG jG dG H Gh dG
aCG IM LCG e Jh fEd G d
IOSG GG JdG QHh .gadG e jeh
.dGh YLGh jObG G T ILG
dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f
: dG G
G gGHEG .O
: jQSG dG
G H Y .O
dG dU H GY .O
G gGHEG H jR .O
UdG H dU .CG
Blackboard
f h SDG H
Tadreeb #3.indb 4
```G h YVG jJ
GQ``` ` Y j ````G `` g
.a
2/3/09 8:50:14 AM
dG Gh dG jQdG Y QJ jS f
: jdG FQ
dG GY H Y
: jdG je
G M H Sj
: jdG ISCG
dG dU H Sj
OGdG jdG Y
OdG jdGY MdGY
dG H S
dG dU H GY
MG dU H S
: SGG
dG jQdG
TM-000@hotmail.com
IjH - 1359 . .U - dG
(06) 3834557 : ca (06) 3834556 : Jg
Tadreeb #3.indb 5
IH YdG G G HQe
jM Y G Y j
e UGdG Y IY a YdG G G Uj
,jG LddG dH J dG jOdG G ac
J IH IOSG N e qk Jh qk LdJ G Yd dPh
...e hdGh dG
3 ............................................... MaG
6 .......................................... G QNCG
12 ................................................... G
20 .......................................... dG jL
25 ............................(jQdG ddG .) e
26 ...................................... e T
30 .......................................... AGdGh dG
41 ...............................(UGdG UGh .) AGQBG
42 ..................................(cdG cJ) e
44 ...........................................IQdG J
48 .................................... hdEG jQdG
54 ......................................... jQdG bGe
56 ........................... (dG jdG Y) e
58 ................................................. MS
64 ......................................... OCGh IQGOEG
66 ........................................ jQdG Ya
68 .............................................. cQe
70 ..................(GG GY .O) IOG aBG
72 ............................ (G jR .O) INCG
2/3/09 8:50:16 AM
G QNCG
HQe SG QH H a eCG
`jdG OQGG FNCG gCJ `efH
dG jQdG FQ M c
Y ```dG G dH Gh
``H ``` gG``HEG Q```c``dG ``e``f``dG
``eCG G dG MU S
e eCG jdG Y H QH a
efH" IQGOEG FQ dG
jdGY ``H QH ``H a ``eCG
"dH FXdG ``W``Jh jQd
FNCG gCJ efH cQG
- efdG f dG - jdG OQGG
I SG dG efdG EG GOT
dG e Hk Qe 23 H dGh T
J h````U ``e G``` TE` H ``U``G
efdG g cJh ,jdG OQGG
IQGOEG Wh QOGc gCJh OGYEG
dG Be jdG OQGG Jh
GQ``` G HcEG ``N ``e ``U``G
.dd eRdG QGh
G dG MU A````dG T
OS H e H a QcdG eCG
,dG e eCG Ff jdGY H
IjH YGQdG dG dG SG J
dGh AGd dG dG EG
W aCG OhOQ SG J ``MCG bh .dH
dG SG HJ H dPh dG Y bEG f JQG
dG SfG
d ,dH J dG bCGh
k
.JJh
a LG MWh aCG SJ QGdG J c
c dG YGQdG dG Y QbG hO dG
.a gj hCG G
Tadreeb #3.indb 6
dG jQdG
6
2/3/09 8:50:17 AM
hCG cG j dH Gh dG jQdG
eG OdG dG VG
e HQd ``Y```Gh GG
YJ dGh ,G G``Mh
fGh fhdEG YG H
bh ,FfEGh FGdGh FHdGh
e HQG e f MTh VH
HQG H GTEH ,G GMh
.AcCG
gGHEG QcdG i``gCG fL eh
jQdG FQ G HG
R``EG Gg dH Gh dG
H a eCG G dG Md
,dG e eCG jdG Y H QH
k f "dG "
fH vJ Ve
e dG Gh dG jQd edG SDd
VYh jQdG dH UN MhWCGh QaCGh a YCG
a YdG G je ```VhCGh .``bG``dG ``VQCG Y
GMH jdG EG j VG CG OdG fG
G YGdG YJ eh ,H Gh dG jQdG
,dG d Jh jQJ H Gh dG bCG H
dG H d YO e dhdG aJ G gQSGh
.b hO dG IG V ddGh
Gh dG jQdG Fd OdG Kh
Vd jYQ G H gGHEG QcdG dG
EG dG ``Lh c ,``f``G a ebEG Y UMh
EH cQT dG UGh dG dG SDe e OY
jH gSh VG KCG cQe CH kge ,VG
.Gh dG dG dhG OH G
H a fG a jH FQ VG M
,edG jdG Y H gGHEG fG AHc je h ,dG
AGY e OYh ,dG Y H gGHEG fG J je h
EG aVEH .H G gGh dG dG jeh
.dG TQh G H G Y G G Y
7
Tadreeb #3.indb 7
VG dG Gh dG jQdG f
G dPh dG e ie Y dG dG
dG VG cQT .fG a YdG G
eh ,IH dG dGh ,IjH dGh AGd dG
YdG G Gh ,AG``G VjH dGh IQdG
gG e jdGh ,fH YdG G dch ,SdH
I SG ``dG - VG J H dGh G
VGSG dN M ;eh J IY - jCG HQCG
HdG gGh dG ``W Gh dG ```fEG
2/3/09 8:50:19 AM
G QNCG
dd HOCG dG W gCJ
dG dH
edG IGhG efdG j h
bCG e jfdG MG jH
UdG ```jh````j ```M ,``````dG
dG dG bCG EG Nd
SGQdG dG OM bh ,a dG
j H efd SGQdG G h
jfdG MG jN L efdG
c dG Z bCG e dOj e hCG
H efdG SGQdG Ie OM
N jQJ dN j ``MGh SGQO
AMCG - Aja - Ac) g GQe
d j (jEG d - VjQ c Ie qk YSCG GV ``HQCG Qe
EG aVEH bO N IV
.d YS
`` ` `SGQ`` dG `` ` `` `fG `` ` `` `d`` Hh
K Y e Hk Qe 85 efdH
jQe h jL h SM
je T
k
SDG dhDe MJCG dG UdG
efdG e Gj CG eRY h d
.H
MCG GY efdG eCG K h
SDG ``e I``` G ```J O``` ` dG
dGh ,Gh dG jQd edG
Jae jd Ua dG e
dNOh dG dG QNG
.dH dG bCG
dG ``U``Mh SM EG dh
J jW Y efdG RLG Y
j ,QGh dG dG
.efd e H
gGHEG .O dH Gh dG
AGd dG dG G HG
HdG L dH IjH dGh
dG aJh ,efdG J LGJ dG
G dG HJ c ,d SG
GgCG d efdG Y GTEd
k Se GkOGYEG G OGYE IOG
jQdG bCG ``MCG EG fd
O``L``H J ``` dG dG dG
cCG OGYCG S adG feEG
: e J ,``HQ``` G ``e
eS ,dG jM ,FGdG dG)
.(FGdG fEG ,jZCG
Y G``` TE` d IQGOEG J h
dG dG He ``e ``e``f``dG
G```TEG d dG h AGd
Jh jQdG dG S He h
dG O``` TQE` d ``e```S``G ```G
.efdG H Gh
```U``G ``g``` ``H `````j ````a h
FG OG`` YEG fG a efdH
efdG GQ``` UG jQdG
Sb ``a HQd J h
e IOSd d UdG MJE
OY NG c .Ya H GVG
dG He e AcCG HQG e
,efdH UG GQ```G jQd
AcCG HQG e OY QNG c
jQd dG He e IG hP h
M e efdH UG GQ```G
.SjQddG h LG h GQcdG
Tadreeb #3.indb 8
dG jQdG
8
2/3/09 8:50:20 AM
EG GJ jdG QGh``dG e Gc
k GkOY VG SGh
.SG J H UN dG Y dG
Sj SG H b VH dG L CG cj
cQ ,dH ``YEGh bdG je dG dU HG
,j dG jdG Yh ,dG Uf H gGHEG VQdG
.dG Y e Te GTEG h
..GG OJ QWEG
eG e Qhj dG
9
Tadreeb #3.indb 9
dG e Gh dG jQdG e ah b
Gk NDe eG e Gh dG jQdG IQjH
TGQ Q```c``dG eG e e FQ dN dG
AL .e e dG S Y WG c ,G``g``dG
G H G``G OJh dOG GQ``j``dG Q``WEG IQjdG
e dG dSG H J H UN
k
.eG eh dG
dG jQdG FQ e dG ``ah dCJ
eCGh ,G H gGHEG QcdG dG Gh
edG bdG jeh ,QdG HL H dN PSCG G
dGh ``jQGOEG hDdG jeh ,dG GY H Y PSCG
HG je EG aVEH ,dG Y H gGHEG PSCG
.dG hV H PSCG
k Jh eG e YCG fH
VY
AdG Th
k
a H H gCG dG Gh ,G Ie Y G kLe
J dG fCGh G Y dG WG c .dG Y G
dG be Yh ,j a c G G GQGOEG H
.Y dG Wh
2/3/09 8:50:20 AM
G QNCG
IG
dG
jG OY
efdG SG
LQ
40
jCG 3
Af- LQ
90
Af- LQ
300
LQ
120
Je SG IQhO
Af - LQ
840
JM OL IQhO
ej
Af - LQ
400
G dG EG jdG IQhO
Af - LQ
442
ICDL BG SG J
Af - LQ
150
IC3 BG SG J
Af - LQ
430
jEG dG
LQ
23
jH OQGe FNCG
10
jCG 3
Af
60
dG a
11
ej
Af
25
JEG a
12
ej
Af
25
ddG Jh IQGOEG
13
jCG 3
LQ
25
jG jQJdG
14
HQeh Qe 2970
G
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 10
dG jQdG
10
2/3/09 8:50:21 AM
dG GY H Y
j dW 1000
M c cCG JDJ "eCG efH" jQJ
jdG FQ
JQH Vh qn a
gJh `g 1429 VG T hCG
e `` LQ ````j``YQh jS Y
Gh dG jQdG He
edG SDG Jh hj dG
.dEG HfH Gh dG jQd
TdG G g j ISCG fh
c Uf dGh jQdG fGH J dG
dG edG dG cGJ CG Y UG
jjdG G e TJ CGh G J
jQdG GH SDG gJ dG
jG dG X JGSG JcGTh
d e c aG M ``dGh SDd
H G``` Y ``` G jdG ``e``G O`` N
.-he c e YQh G M- jdGY
fGH G ``qn `e I``YO ``gh
hCG QGH a cQG EG dGh jQdG
jQdG NS jb W hCG G
cQT e d fjJh fT e ,dGh
IYQ Ue dGh G hCG QGH
.G
YdG cQH Y GJ ..G`k `NCGh
J c IG
bQe
UG S EG dG e AHCG e dW dCG f fG
H dPh ,VG dG N JGQe d jQJ GQhO Y
d dG jQdG eGH V jjdG jQdG eGdG FfEG
SG IOd dhdG NdG BG SG `g 1429 VG
jQJ L 28 dPh .jEG dGh "ICDL IC3" BG
.dG e ah e
jQd jdGY H QH H a eCG efH je QTCGh
GQhdG g CG EG G Y H MCG dH FXdG WJh
Be e YHh G dG Je e hdH efdG f
be jW Y c GQhdG d dG CG EG ka ,UG dG
dG H GdG Y eG d dPh ,ffEG Y efdG
GQhdG G OY H M bG jW Y dG M dG
QGhR OY Hh dWh dW BG KK e cCG bG Y Y YCG dG
.FGR dCG KK e cCG HSCG HQCG N
MU e ``c LH JCJ ``eG``dG ``g ``e``bEG EG : ```VCGh
dG e eCG jdGY H QH H a eCG G dG
d eGH Vh IQhH Lh dG- efdG IQGOEG FQ GgCG d GkOGeG dG IRLEG N JbhCG ddGh
H gGHEG QcdG efdG Y dG G e Hh efdG
.G
efdG e Ie IOT jQdG efdG RLG e c e
.jQ 500 gQGe de ICae dch jQdG Lh
2/3/09 8:50:22 AM
`` ` G
J JGSG
dG
Tadreeb #3.indb 12
dG jQdG
12
2/3/09 8:50:23 AM
UTCd dG jQdG" e a
dhh ,IG g gCG Y d IN "bYEG hP
jQd bCG d VGh QJ EG UdG
Me J CG G dhM c ,bYEG hP UTCG
N Rh``dG CG``H dG GG J d Y
e f iDhQ VY N e ``dPh ,I``NCG IdG
,``b``YEG hP ``U``` ` TCG ``j``YQ `` ```e```dG
.G Gg AGNh
13
Tadreeb #3.indb 13
2/3/09 8:50:26 AM
`` ` G
k G - j ``dG jdG
SFQ - jC
jG ..``b``YEG ``Y" j
Yj G gCdG EG : "ffEG
,qk Y hCG qk M hCG qk L - bG
Y - JLQOh bYEG ge H
JGQd G fCG aJh cG
dPh ,JZQ ahh dG H G
YLGh ffEG GgCG d
OG```aCG EG ````j``h ,``jO``` ` ` bGh
dGh YdG Y ``jQO``b e
j qk fh qk YLG G
GdG cCJh cQGh efG d
.YLGh SCG
Y G gCdG j c
d XdGh G GQ``` dG
e ie ````bCG EG ``H ``` U``dGh
UdG MJEG
QahdG Vj MhWCG hCG
QGO FQ" jdG OM ``H
ceh ,gCdGh dG GQSG
"dGh jHdG GQSd dG
dG J :fCH gCdG j
qp ``dGh
jEG EG J dG IGh G
e LQO YCG EG G OdG
dGh YLGh dG MGdG
dG ``jO`````bGh Gh ``j``H``dGh
NGJ M ````dEG ```U``dG j
g CG EG ka .dG g GN
UdG aJ g G GH gCdG
dG `` ``eR``dG ``f``` eEGh
,YLGh dGh dG jYdGh
dGh ,bd dG Ua MJEGh
SJh ,aG cG Y
Sj `` G gCdGh ``jQ```dG
,bG GQ``bh GOGSGh e e
``` ` ` ` ` dGh ``` ` dG ``U``a `` a`` Jh
ObG dG Yb
e EG aVEH ,YLGh
dG cGh ,``Y````LG ``e``fG
G K IOjR Y dGh ,fCH
ac Jh ,gf OG``aCG gGh
dPh d SG FSdGh G
TEG ``e e ``LQO EG Ud
.jhdGh dG
bG gCJ eN EG : jh
eN : g je HQCG Y J
,YLGh dG ,dG gCdG
.G gCdGh ,OcCG
OM H QahdG jh
Tadreeb #3.indb 14
dG jQdG
14
2/3/09 8:50:28 AM
,bd dG K jQdG aJ Y
,dG SG jdG AGLEG h
Jh ,JLCGh ``JGhOCGh ,dh
G eh .a dG h jQdG d
G``Mh ``e``bE SG ``Y``dG ```J
h G``fCG Y
qk Y j ``j``dG bd
.d G dG EG UdG
OM H QahdG jh
G gCJ CG G kcDe NGe jdG
ja a j e a Y
Y gh , UNG Oe gCJ
MG AfG e OdG e CGJ Ie
.iNCG Ie d JOY M LdG
dH d ``k ` bh J ``` fCG ```c
k j eE
GUh
k bqk T Y
k
.SG Yh h
15
Tadreeb #3.indb 15
dG jQdG eGH J Me
j M bYEG hP UTCd Gh
:gCdGh dG GQSG QGO FQ
dG ``` SGQ``dGh ````HCG ``N ``e
gCJ H fCG EG UJ QGdG JLCG
IGhH G edG j CG j
UdG feEG M e eGh UdG
,a ``b``dGh ,``H MGh Y EG
- dP eCG e - dG Gg j CGh
a YGJ CGh ,dG QNG e
CG j G CG c .jOdG bd
JGhdGh dG je e j e j
CG G k``cD`e .eY
dG Y G
k
HGdG J A``Y Y j ``dh``dG
S d Y Ua OjE FG
J dP ,d G dG
d dG UC de aGM
2/3/09 8:50:29 AM
`` ` G
dG dG) vY bG a (5
.(dG
Y QG M EG j c
,jdG IC`a```G : e ``jG``G H
e eOd ````NG``dG ``e``bEG ``a``J
.cG e Q``N ``jQ```dGh ,Q`` G
``H ```a Q``` c``dG j h
bG jYQ f Rj CG G
IOG d e dGh - gCJ H
QOdG bG jYQ f e fdG
(424) bH AGQR``dG e e
J ``gh - ` ` `g1421/9/25 ``jQ``Jh
eG d bG e qk e gDG
hCG fG ``e``G IQGRh ``e dH
J jW Y hCG UG dG
.qk de k YO dPh Oa he
``fCG EG G````G ``g ``e ``Z``d``Hh
SQ gG
a QcdG jG W jh
hD```dG ``Y ``j``e G ``HG
j dG dG YLG
jQdG Y PSG dG gG EG
e ``b``YEG hP ``U````TC`d dG
,jdG eG ON eM fL
dG YLG hDdG IQGR``H
bd e ``c``e hCG C` ` ` fCG
cGG QhO EG Ge
k ,`` `g1394/4/1
G Y bG gCJ EG dG
bW e jh JGQd SG
Y ``jQO``b e OG``aCG EG e
jQdG ```h ,G ``e YdG
Nh eGd k ah ``LQ``G H
```Lh ``cG``G ``H ``c````e ``jQ``J
aGJ dG G Y dPh jQdG
.cGG
hD` `` `` `dG `` ``Y ```j```e `` ` `V`` jh
Lj ``fCG dG YLG
G jQd e cGe KK
G``Mh LJ c ,G bd
Gh ,edG gCdG cGe jQJ
,dG) g Y jQdG j dG
,BG SG ,G YCG ,IQdG
Vjh (jQJdG ,FGG J
G gCdG cGe J dG dG
: gh bd
H HG e qk L bG (1
.dGh dG hCG dG GWCG
.dG Vh dGh dG (2
.dG Vh aG (3
.QdG bf (4
fCG EG G bd aJ dG GG ZQ : G a .O
dGh,YSGQOYGdSGeGdGQNGEGLj
gDG GGh eG Od GDGh GhdG J Y
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 16
dG jQdG
16
2/3/09 8:50:30 AM
J jG dG CG cCdH
k `
UCG Ch ;```a ```Z``Jh EG `
j OGaCG g UG LMG
e UCG a fGbCG bc IG
H G O j CG G
dG ``g jQJ CG EG Jh ,ec
jqk QNG Gk `eCG j FHCG e ddG
j CG dG gadG e Yf
k hCG
e UN .Y VdG hCG J
k dG dG J J Y
e
dG dH JQWh EG bYEG
UG LMG h``d j
bYEG ``ZQ IOSG bCG
hCG jG hCG jdG hCG dG
J jM J X c .gZ
dG bG Y J ILCGh eGH
dS ``cCG H eG d UJh
k cCGh
.b
IPSCG J bGdG cCJ b eh
i``d `` j`` G ``L``` d``H ``` e ``` W``a
jQd edG SDG dhDG
PJH GhDh`` `H ``j``dG ````Gh dG
Jh ,```G G``g IO``L GN
k
dG H H GG J Y e
``K ``` U``G ``L``` ` MG h`` d
eGh JG c : gh c
,``F```H ``````dG ``` ` ` dGh ,``V``j``d``H
UdG AYEGh ,IjH dG dGh
eh aGh dG jfK j
k G jQd GOdG e dOj
,jC
``k `Yh j ``` Th O``` ``L``J ``gh
V Gfj CG d c ``j``dG Qh``H
S ``j``dGh ,```U``G dG ``g
dG HdG VGSG EG
dG e J dG bG ```WCG
bG Xd G kFGQ fH
`g 1426
k
GP G hH UG dG
efdG Y aG dG bdG
hDdG IQGRh ,dG IQGRh a Gh
jQd edG SDG ,YLG
OQG``G J hU ,Gh dG
YdG jQdG adGh ,jdG
``dG efdG ``gh ,``V``j``dG
250 ``e ```cCG ```X``J ``d``N ``e
cdG GY id WGeh k WGe
MU ``YQ H ``Jh ,SDGh
S H S ``eCG G dG
hP 3 G IQGOEG FQ
jO 1 `` aG`` G ` `g 1429 ``` G
,d dG dG S ,2008
Mh dhdG hDe e OY M
M ,SDGh cdG e
YGdG Gh dG J
.efdG Gd
k
GkOHCG Vj DhJ edG jh
M ,bf dG dG e
e S c gj e dG : j
c ``eCG Ic a jQdG G```SCG
UE a Y e YS
jd e Y j Y gh YdG
c dh ,dG G`` WCG ``b``YEG
g e Y jQJ Ua
k aj ce
?? G
LGh cGT
Ije e Wa IPSCG CGJh
cQe hGO eR dG SQGe
2/3/09 8:50:31 AM
`` ` G
G dG Ua gYCGh ,aGMh
.G dG d fahh ,SGh
QWEG GG LQJ : Jh
;hGO eRe hP e dG jQJ
Y cdG jGdG j ``c M
,SQGH G jQdG ge SJ
dG b jH JG gG gh
dG fGH jdGh ,G YO
,YLG dG fGbh SSCG
G QGhOCGh dG `````dGh
.GeCG fh ,ed XdG
``g ``` Y `` ` `dG `` jQ`` J ``` Hh
a gQNG j GQ```Gh gG
j dG Ff Y AHh ,Jh
jQdG QGSH ``eEG QG``` dG P```JG
dG IQe Y AH ajEG hCG G
.GQG J SGh a Y
H hGO eR dG ``SQG``e
L `` J ```dG - ``SQG``G
gQYH - jG FdG dG
hP `` e ``` ` H ``` ` g``d `` `LP`
k ` `
gh ;G UG ``L````MG
eb ch hGO eRe hhP WCG
j CG H jQH SQGG
QdG ie Y G ke VGSG
.G Gg jQdG
``V``G GH jdG ``e ``Hh
GVG g hGO eRa ;jGdG
```FGR ``` S``eh``c O```Lh ``Y ````j
c e G k``MGh Jh ,G jN
e Jhe ``LQO Jh ,W 800
g e ``gCG CG EG .dG bYEG
hGO ``eR``` e hP ``U``` ` TCG CG
aGhH gYO GPEG dG Y hQOb
f jqk gL GJ
k qk jQJ YO
.JM
hd jQdG YdG Gg CG Jh
j CG ``H UG LMG
UGh eG SDG H cGT
LMG hP jYQ M edG
fG Gg e IN J a , UG
;UG LMG hP Yd GP hCG
GgCG VGh JGSG Vh EG H
N qk M Gk `eCG UCG iG IO``h
H dG g S G IdG
GgCG d jh Yjh G j
LMG hP e IOSd ILG
b GQb H jdG UG
.AjSCG e gZ aGJ
jQJ H
Ije VJ ddG QdG h
Tadreeb #3.indb 18
dG jQdG
18
2/3/09 8:50:32 AM
e edH j a JFdG dG
j M ;UG LMG hP
G UY e Y J dG
JSCGh Whh jO JLGh AGOCG Y
,UG LMG hP e fCG H
j Y CH dG Y QOb Z fCGh
e hCG de j CG d UCGh ,H
hCG jT IYe d jh JSCG
JLGH ````dG Y YJ jS
j dG dG Lh gh .jSCG
k UN KQc Y Jh ;IUb fCH
M ,QGdG UCG H gJ GPEG
G FGT e jT Y
.e IOSG ``Yh dG dH
- i`` NCG dG ```Lh J ``M
d hCG e aCG fCH j dGh
k G IOh
IOh MJEG - jC
dG UG LMG hP d
.gZ j fCH GkOYG
UH G dN PSCG Ljh
k de ,jqk H bG f jG
J jQJ eGH J IQhH
d Jh JGQb e SJ eh
FXdG Y G IY
g OYG H UGh dG dG
UNG GP G b e GQhdG
eG FXdG S V LGQOEGh
.fG
UN eGH J IQhV ijh
e SJ BG SG e ed
a ``YG``j ``jqk ````H ``b```G GQ```b
WdG ``eG``dG ``f```eEGh FN
e `````dGh G dH I``a```G
2/3/09 8:50:33 AM
dG jL
GG ```J
Gh VG H
OG```W a gGHEG .O
.IjH dG dG ,fhdEG dG b
iftarrad@yahoo.com
Tadreeb #3.indb 20
dG jQdG
20
2/3/09 8:50:34 AM
dG HCG UN
e IQOdG jOGdG GOOJ -1
JQG CG J G JdG
.fEG L IQGM
```G IQG`` ``M `` ` `JQG `` e `` `H -2
5 - 3 ``e QG``` CG `` MQ
QX CG b je `` LQO
JQG Ggh .H gJ CG
KhM IQG``G ``LQO
G``G jJ jW Y
GG JdG ILCG jW Y h
.f
ILCG WCG GSH j -3
.Ic Id GG JdG
21
Tadreeb #3.indb 21
e c 50 gQb Me d
.He
GG JdG H bdG
edG dGh
Kk HCG idG h``dG e ``LCG
CG IQV Q``KBG CG M e
e IQOdG Ld VdG Y J
M - HCG L fGh .G
Wb dO OLh j fCG EG - BG
T e IQOdG LG bY Y
IQV U Q``KBG C` H G``G JdG
G LGG dG dG Y
T ```FG```d IQh``` G hCG G
.GG
VH dG G eb c
dG ``g d ``YG``bh ````SCG
```dG `` ``eCG Oh`` `M i``` ` J ````H
J ``d``c .``` ` ` Y `` ` `JG
``J``` dG G````````SG `` H `` b`` Y `` ` jCG
M e ``VG``eCG ``VG``YCGh G`` G
.BG
ITdG G eM eb ``bh
SGQOh HCG AGLEH jb bh
je G``G JdG M
;dG dG Y gKCJh VjdG
U QKBG J fCG EG dG fGh
dc ,dG dG Y IQV
I```LCG ``b ``LG```dG ``e N ``L``j
jdG FGg hCG GL Jg
.H UG
.dG GY e jj
``` jD` G GOO`` ` ` `dG CG `` M `` a
ddG GOO`` ` dG ``g Ionizing
,eLh ```dCGh cEG TCG e G`qk `L
``` ` ` Y `` `Y ``` ` J `` ` `dG `` ` `Jh
```dh ,h`` ` `dGh Q`` `dG Q``` ` ` fG
AG``LCG J CG Ic bW
Y ``H``` UEG EG OD` ` Jh ````G
``gh .``` ` ` e O`` ``` d ``V``` ` dG
fEG Y gQV he TCG
,(jW I d VdG M )
G``G ``j``e ``gOO``J OGO`` `Jh
``a ``e``` ` ` ` G GOO`` ` ` `dG ```Y
.dG
SQEGh SG J
H J G MG
, SJ N ch ,jG
OY ``c G M o U ch
e G bdG bh ,G
JG IOL JQGh ,G g
.``````G ``J``` dGh ````G ``H
dG jQdG L ```UhCG G``d
G OY e QcEH GhdGh
d dG G SCG ``a
```d``Hh ,````e IQO``` ` dG ``b```dG
g e G YTEG J
.G
J G ``g e c
jh ,He e c 20 Me
G ``g J jJ ``k `d``M
2/3/09 8:50:35 AM
dG jL
edG QJ h G QJ
NdG fi H gGHEG .
.BG SG J b FQ
Tadreeb #3.indb 22
dG jQdG
22
2/3/09 8:50:36 AM
dHh .gJ G
,(RAM) bDe IcGP G Ea
SRAM = Static) JSG dG e
.(RAM
: d dG J jW
fG fdG L : Fetch
.RAM FGdG IcGdG
eRdG fdG j : Decode
.eGhCG g d
SQEG K eGhCG J : Execute
.FGdG IcGdG EG Ff
J dG j bdG e c
?IMGh J
Y ``` ` G ``d``` G ``Y``` S
FQ c Y f e g FdG
SJ YdG gh ,Gh d
.(MHz = Mega Hertz) Jg H
: Y YdG g Jh
Internal) dd NGdG YdG
eG OJ YS gh (Clock
.f dG NGO
External) dd LQG YdG
YS (Clock System Bus
jOGh dG H fdG OJ
.iNCG
``MCG h``` JCG ```S ``` G ```bh
e GSCG MW dG G
: dG fEG cT fL
jG dG g : Dual Core .1
JGf a LJ h fEG e e
IOjR Y YJ I``MGh IGf e
`````G ``Y %20 H AGOCG
Y h ,(Pentium) HdG
LQO J Y YJ jM J
Tc `H JCJ h dG AKCG IQGG
Front Side) bdG OOJ h .e 2
G``fCG 1066 h MHz 800 (Bus
Q``G AGOCG J d e
G gh e ``MCG d
.Core2
23
Tadreeb #3.indb 23
fGh dG H fdG f
.Sd iNCG
ALU=) ``` ` Gh ``` ` G I```Mh .2
: (Arithmetic and Logic Unit
: b EG Jh
J : dG OG`` ` YCG I```Mh -CG
dG HG dG `````
gJh,UOGYCGeJ
OHCG FdG dG dG
g eh ,:Word ,Power Point e
e C ;I``M``dG ``g gCG JCJ
.Y J ef dG eGdG
FPU=) ``` F``` dG ````U```dG I```Mh -
J : (Floating Point Unit
dG HG dG
Jh ,``j````Y Ua ``
dG ``eG``dG b ``e I``M``dG ``g
dG e dG G``g Y J
KdG ````dCG ```e ;```H````G
SdG dG eGHh OHCG
``g `````UCGh ,AutoCAD ```e
,IdG ``g G`qk `L e I``M``dG
J jG dCG C Gk f
k jMh .I``M``dG ``g Y YS
bd G cdG eb
H j e VH TdG
FdG UdG IMh Y OYG
.jG dCG b e
````fh````dEG ``` ` b : ````````G .3
LJ ,G`qk ``L jSh G`qk ` L IU
OG``G `` bQCG dG ``NGO
G I``Mh fL e e
Y CG J j h ,G h
Je H EG ``d```G
iNCG jOG J H G QJ
CG LQO EG ,YdG g IGQ e eG
!UCG IOLe YdG g CG j b G
2/3/09 8:50:37 AM
dG jL
``` Jh : Intel Core2 Duo .2
Jh ,k dY AGOCG G ``g
M ;bdG SG e dH
e 291 Y dG G``g j
cSG dh ,QjfGJ I``Mh
,G 40 H fG bd
L `` `dG AGOC` ` `d ``a``J ``e
h `` G ``b``dG dG
``a```G ````dG ``JC``Jh .```````G
j ``T``` H ````` G `` g ``e
h FSB 1066 OO``J h e 4 EG
``MCG 2^93 iJ YS
j AGOCG d ..`````G ``g
dG e ``MCG Y MG
.dG
Intel
Core 2
Quad .3
HQCG hP de g : Processors
h 12MB ``` bD` e I`` `cGP ``e ``j``fCG
Yj `` MHz 1333 = FSB
J IY J Y G
``MGh `` bh ``` e I`` Y `````Jh
``` dG AGOCG ``` Y ``` a``` G ``e
.dd
g : Intel Core2 Extreme .4
G ``g e UN IQG``` UEG
jj AGOCG ```J h X6800 SH
G e ibCG Y %70 H
.dG
: Intel Core i7 Processor .5
de `` cPCGh ``` SCGh ``MCG j
``HQC eM ``gh ,G ILCd
.MGh de jfCG
JHG ``` dG Centrino J .6
ILCG e J ,fEG cT
`````G `` g ``Y``Jh ,``` ` G
Pentium Mobile ``````
CG (M) ````H k dZ d ``e``jh
..dG I``` LC``H UN ``` fCG
ILCG e H a gCG dh
dG ILCG eh G
a ;bd cSG c ``g
ILCG G gCG e CG G
YS IY d Hb dG
ddh ,a jQdG Y OYH
dG I``` LCG e j
Qb ``bCG J SM ``` fE
b EG aVEH ,bdG e
.IAdG IOjRh RdG Nh G
bW Pentium M de jh .7
TM
TM
f e g FdG Y G dG YS
Y Jh ,Gh d FQ c Y
YSh ,f dG NGO eG OJ YS
iNCG jOGh dG H fdG OJ
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 24
dG jQdG
24
2/3/09 8:50:38 AM
``` e
FGah jQdG
Gh FdG UdG MCG jQdGh gCdG CG H qn G e
BG SG J h G ac dG d dH
GQk J G Gg j M ..UG Lh Y fhdEGh
fG CG H dG IG f QhO e j Gc
k
eG LddG g Y Z UCGh MG FSh
.GMCG e M CH
``cG``e ``N ``e dGh ``jQ````d ````G ``c```T ``g````Jh
Ic ge - G We IG - jGQgf
NdG Y GQk Ob j M OdG dG gCJh jQJ
gCGh jdG dG dG Gg QhH e fk EG ,dG S
SG dG dG MC k ah dG gCdH J
,WG gcG J dG GQh``dG N e BG
d jG FHC LG IOL Y FGO H cdGh
.UGh dG YdG dG S WGfGh
JeHOh JGOT Y UGh cGG H Gh
Xh Ua
m e d MJCG eh GOdG g gCG Y hcDj
d cGG g eJ dG SGQdG id Gk f IR
k ,H
IL FXh Y j jN e %70 f CG Y a
GQG HcG H ITe LJ H JgDeh SJ
cG OLd QGbGh IAc H dG b eRdG GQ```dGh
gjhd ``U``G dG cT ``e d gCdG
"jGQgf" cGe GOT j jG HQH
OdG d Xh Ua eCJh IOdG eGH YO H
.dG Y JQbh JAc KCG dG
25
Tadreeb #3.indb 25
jQdG ddG .
.dGh jQd G cT FQ
2/3/09 8:50:40 AM
e T
:jh
`d b j G gGHEG fi dG hG YCG LQ
,G jQdG Fe
! eCG CGH dG JYheh
e dG jSCG ahX ,Y Y GQk f GhQU M dG gASCG Gf jdG YCG LQ e MGh g
CG OdG Gg Qb
.dG dGh dGh H G fe EG Uh CG EG dG jW UGe
,d j CG Oj dG ShQdGh ,M H a Vj QGM G gGHEG H YCG LQ J
fL e G YdG X UN Ic fe j UCG fCG EG j dGh ;H G jQd jDhQ EG aVEH
QhH QWEG Gg GkOe ,jQdG gCH YdH gG IQhV EG QTCG fCG EG ;jQdG Y FdG d dhDG
YCG LQ QhO EG f c .G J SEd OG dG f dG jHdGh IYdGh LG FCG
FSdGh ,jQdGh dG e Je EG G dG e QGG Jh .JSDe jW Y jQdG IG YO
fQGM gMW iNCG f EG aVEG ,e YCH dG Y dG H QGUEG jCGQh ,dG d fCG
...QGG UJ Ea ..G gGHEG H YCG LQ e
Y `````G ``jQ``` dG P``````j
```f```Uh ``dhD` ` ` G `` e ``d``H ``` ` gG
gG Gd SfG
iJ g ..QGdG
k
IOSG ieh H jQdG Vh
G jQdG Uh gh ?JSDe e
?H FdG iG EG
j fCG iQCG G jQd dH Se e jh ,IL IJh Y
Me IY d LJ d ,dG e
G fL e gG j a ,Y
EG dG hO ``HQ```G O```H G
,jQdG Gg N fj dG "dG"
c ,geh jQdG Yf g j a
e HQj HQG H g CG
iQCG ddh ,Y jQdG Zj
Y jQdG dG CGj CG b fCG
dG G EG dG j CG e e
,d MU ieh H dG Zj
a ,a eeCG G jQdG EG dh
QT IY dG Qj CG G e
,d U Z G J CG j K
gCJ S g J CG bCG ddh
Tadreeb #3.indb 26
dG jQdG
26
2/3/09 8:50:40 AM
27
Tadreeb #3.indb 27
2/3/09 8:50:42 AM
e T
.WdG eN gGh ,jNBG
e Y YOh ebEH gG d
T dGh dG dG jQG
ek SEG YGh dG aGhQ e kGaGQ
k
c ..H dG Ie Ya
?dG gG G``g hJ
M ``````d``H ``jQ``` dG ``H``f ``` ch
ie GP T A```H ``e J
?jQdGh dG fG Y L
j dG SSCG IcdG g dG ,b dH egGh ; CG Y
Gg dhdG IYe Qb jGdG eh
eGQCG cT YCG c CG e ,G
JH A``` HCGh ``F``eR CG ```M ``M
aj M jEG dG j
CG f Y dBa ,HdG dH HdG
e Ggh ,AG H bCG
he je bCG K .G H a
f d SQGe ebEH G
.IL ``JGhQ SQd YCGh ,eCG
,Vjd HgP H IG SG K
HUCG e SQe jTG H Hh
k Xe ch ,``` JQGOEG Gh```J ``j``dG
Y IQY k JGQ VJCGh G dP
M ;k ac j ``fCG EG ,``jQ 1200
j M G j f ``c
M ah ,SQG Y NBG dG
MCG Y
qn bGh ,hG dG
dG dG MCH fSG AbUCG
j CG Y ,fdG aO YS
k jJ GS 4 Nh ,HQCG K Y
L HCG Xh ,G Y SG
OY c WCd VhQ aH QWEG Gg
k 24 geJ
EG hG SJ K ,GJ
,c H edG OGYCG YJ CG
.dW dCG 13 EG SQGe Uh M
h ,eM Xe jG c j
j CG EG dhdG bdG f
YCG d eG jhGhdH dG
qk gh J G CG Th ,dhdG
e c
SdG a ,jNBG Y gGe
hCG XdG Y j CG j e
,JGG YCG EG a j M G
k e c dG AbUCG MCG g cPCGh
Y dHh ;eM Xh dG Y
h .GS
k UCG CG EG LQG IQGRH
d j dG g HG
dG fCG h```jh ,eG
gh ,QdG dG h UG dH
dh ,SdG Y J G YRh gGe
JfeEGh JGQb dG Oj CG G
,JM a j CG Zj dG Gh
jQdG GQhdH e
dEG j CGh
k
.dEG j dG QeCG ac
gMCG iCGQ GPEG fCH dG fCGh
dG LdG ``e j S ``fCG
jh GQk a dEG Lj CG Ha XdG
``eCG ,UG ``aQCG EG j M a
dhdG FXh j dG c GPEG
MCG EG Lj CG Ha Q MWh
G f G YCG LQ
JGdG c d M jd jh j dG
S G C ;eG dG e bCG
Yj CG G eh G d j
.JGdG dP
AHBH J e f EG g TCGh
Tadreeb #3.indb 28
dG jQdG
28
2/3/09 8:50:43 AM
egGh ; CG Y j dG IcdG dG
dhdG IYe Qb jGdG eh ,b dH
Uh CG EG k dW 24 `H SQGe rCGHh ,G Gg
dCG 13 EG G gOY
~
k G ```TCGh .G ``e``bEG
jC
Y a ;YGG GMG IQhV EG
.T C dG
JGdG IdG
: dYCG gCG
HW O``Y H ```eCG f d ``SQG``e aG
.dW
m 1500
.fk YQGG AHCG d SQe SCG
.1958 Y dG d ef SQGe aG e hCG
AfCG qk SQe e 250 e ``cCG AH ``CG
.G
VjH dGh IQd G jQdG e AH gS
.AGG
20 Y jJ dH ee HJ VjQ Of
m hCG SCG
.jQ e
bddGGgGHEGHAfEHJ
.AGG VjQ a jQ e 12 EG Uh dH
.gCG edG c SCH FHCG e b
.G e G SDe AfEH b
60 e cCG EG J dG d e J gj
.jqk S e
29
Tadreeb #3.indb 29
.G gGHEG H dG
1925 Y dG e AGG VjQ je dh
.f Y j L U hX Cfh
: G Y
.dGh Hd WdG cdG IQGOEG FQ
d G gGHEG H SDe IQGOEG FQ
.jQdGh
.dH fhdG G IQGOEG FQ
VjQ a BG```dG dG FdG
.dG e AGG
VjQ a YLG dG d dG FdG
.dG e AGG
: dG JGN
jQGOEG GQhdG e OYh edG jfdG Y dM H
.eGQCG cT Y
J K VjdG eL jQGOEGh dG hDd Gk je Y
.QJh YJ dG dG dYC
2/3/09 8:50:44 AM
AGdGh dG
JcdG Y
World of Chocolate
dG dU H fi .O
.IjH dGh AGd dG dG Y
T d)hcdG IK OM H
J ,(``` ` ` dG hCG dG dG
j dGh G hCG QhdG e jh
Gd k J e K eh
: ddG
Fermentation dG Y -CG
: Process
FG OLh hcd GQhH J
VH ```dPh ``eR``dG ``````fEGh
d ````SCG ``e e jOU
AKCG QhdG e dG dG jH
fh QhdG J h ,dG Ia
f GME dPh NB hU e
Y dG Y Jh .dG g
IQGG ``LQO a aJ MGe IY
Jh r 50 EG 30 e Qe H
d k J ``dPh ,``jCG 10 EG 2 e
g G``gCG Jh .dG ``LQO h
: JBG dG
QhdH G QdG dGREG J
.LRdG
Tadreeb #3.indb 30
dG jQdG
30
2/3/09 8:50:45 AM
QhdG OJ dG g e AfG H
e Q````d jH ``dP h I```T```e
dG Y jc Y ODjh .AGdG
J h Qhd eM W J EG
g IOjR eCG ,edG dG h dH
QX a RdG e cCG dG
dG V h QhdG hG dG
.H dG dG OGe e
: Dehulling QdG dGREG -
%12 GM hcdG QhH Qb
dGREG J h ,Qhd dG R``dG ``e
Z Qh```dG Y N V AG``LE` H
aG fGSCG jW Y IQG
Qd J Y a V H
j .d ec T ``f EG OD` j
Ne SGH HZ Y AGLEG dP
``K K H IRG``g
.AGdH J h QdG
Mixing of `` ` ` ` `` ` `UCG `` ` `N -O
:Varieties
H e UCG N j e k dZ
: GgCG Id dP h dG
HG UGG Y G
h dG H e fRGH dP h G
.QhdG dG
M ,jObG fG G j
hCG ,``NBG e Gk S YCG H EG
``H``Z``G ````UCG aJ ``b
G a ,e bh GSCG
.e H JcT fE
Grinding : dG -`g
Y IQG G QhdG J
j h .dG h TG g Me
Jje fGSCG N e TG
G GQh``J h i``NCG ``a I``MGh
Jg h .dG H Y ``FGO
NGO H JOhe fGSCG
aj K .TG Y d N
E dG GMh EG TG f
J eG fMdG h .dG
31
Tadreeb #3.indb 31
Jh ,IQ``` dG L jM ``bh
hM d a jG dG
.gd fJ
G OG`` G jJ I``Y````G
.hcd IG d
.HZG dG GdCG jJ
Drying `` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` dG `` ` ` ` ` ` ` Y -
: Process
Qhd H Z Y i``
``dP h A`` G ``e ```T```T``H I`````G
Y i`` K QhdG e d
HWdG f dP h dG
bCG EG (%60 - 40) IG QhdG
.QhdG Y jdG %8 e
qk T eEG g dG Y ih
IQGG LQO jJ CG j h qk YU hCG
Z cGO GdCG J M 60 r Y
fe ```a ```j CG h ``H``Z``e
.dG
Seed h`` `c`` `` ` dG Qh`` ` ` `H `` j`` ` `J -
: Storage
Y h``c```dG Qh``H jJ j
QhdG J i JQ dP h bO
Gd VY a gdG OGG e
ddh .``f```dG UN h HZe ``Z
%72 J f HWQ Y QhdG J
.25 Y jJ IQGM LQO Y h
JcdG J
Chocolate Manufacture :
h``c``` dG Qh`` ` `H `` jQ`` J h ``` ` ` J -CG
: Cleaning & Graduation
b ``FG```T CG ``e Qh``` dG J
dG jG TCG e JcdG J
Jh ,dG T ie Y SGh H
J NGdG OGG IAc Y gSh JOL
,G ,IOdG YGfCGh ,Jh J jWh
GG Y jG
2/3/09 8:50:47 AM
AGdGh dG
fGSCG K H je VM e
jdG fGSCG ,e T Y
Vh cJ h dY YH GQhJ
iNCd Oe G e c SCGQ
dG ae H Gh
.HG dG LQO M Y a
cM a dG fGSCG ``eCG
G f IO``jR Y J jFGO
Gk fh .jdG fGSCG e dG
j fEa (%50 e cCG) gdG JQ
aj jJ f OLh dG AKCG
,40 - 30 OhM IQGG LQO Y
dG FXh gCG EG dG eEH h
: J
IQG G Qh``` dG ``j``
FS IQU fe EG
FGQ P h dG H GdG c
hCG G JcdG SH j jb
.JcdG FS
`` ` `` `UCG ````N I`` Y`` ` `` `G
.G
.jd RdG G J
QhdG jdG jG J
.hcdG IHR USG j
FS) dG Y e dG j
fEG Sj h dGb (JcdG
UN He j hCG JcdG
jh ,h``c```dG I``HR US
.hcdG e fE G
``` ` ` dG `` `e `` J`` c`` ` `` `dG `` ` `N -h
Blending with: i`` NCG ``f```Gh
o
dG g J h .JcdG f
IjY J d LJ UN GMh
e J dG ddG gdG dBG gCG
f H h dG e Ije VGMCG
jW QPCH IOhe h NGdG e J
hCG jM fGSCG e ``c jf
EG ``W H J K fe
j h .VGMCG NGO G h eCG
IQGM LQO Y dG f V
S a ,JcdG d Se
50 Y G JcT gJ G
75 - 60 Y IOdG JcdG h
f jJ G JcdG GfCG eCG
IQG``G ``LQO a a eGdG
dG g J . 90 - 80 Y
.YS 30 - 20 EG J b jW Ie
Y ``FG``a R``` jEG ```eE``H ``e`
k ``Yh
: JBG gdG
Y e HWdG e A``L ``dGREG
.JcdG
dG IQdG cG H ``dGREG
.HZe Z f J
hcdG IHR e bQ W jJ
o
Ingredients
JQ f dY FGZ b GP JcdG
dCGh gdc FdG FGdG UdG e gGfi
,OGh eCG e jdGh edGh JhdGh
IcCG GOe e dY GcJ Y c
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 32
dG jQdG
32
2/3/09 8:50:48 AM
.a dG h hcdG
M hCG IQOH IQU j b dG G Y h : G JcT
.e
.GG Y j hCG IM f GP JcT
JcdG GfCG FdG fd jdG jG dG j dG hGh
: G
gdG f G eGL
G
dG
%
%
FS
JcdG JcdG f
%
dG
%
42-34
--
50-40
45-25
IOS JcT
39-28
12
55-35
17-7
M JcT
60-50
12
39-29
29-9
d JcT
c jBG
%20-10) G adG e e
jdG KCG c .(IdG ac e
UNh - JcdG AGMG HCG e
e dY GcJ Y - e cGdG
G YJ dGh IcCG GOe
SG GPEG jGdG J VGeCG e
CG EG aVEH .gdG ie KCJ
YU iNCG SG Jcd
.gZh dG OGeh jhOCG
JcdG jJh M
: Preservation& Storing
dG UGG e dG cDJ
IMGh S JcdG q MU Iq e CH
O```dG `````Sh ,IQq `` `G O``` dG
Y JcdG M jh ,IOQ``` dG
HWQh 14o Y jJ IQG``M ``LQO
.%60RhJ f
dG FGdGh FGdG dG
Nutritional Value & Health
: Benefits
FGZ b GP JcdG J
f jZCG e dH fQe dY
FGdG UdG e gG JQ
GQk ````e L) ``g``d``c FdG
JhdGh ``` dCGh (bdH qk Z
eCG VMCG fH bCG Y Z)
``g````TCGh) ````e`````dGh (````S```SCG
eCG e jdGh (`g ,, : ea
,SJdG ,ddG e) OGh
G``` c``Jh (``jO``` ` dG ,G
33
Tadreeb #3.indb 33
K EG OD`j dG M M
.H e fG QfG
Jh JcdG J -
:Forming & Packaging
fGN cgG JcdG J
IQH dG j M , IOhe
J HK IQG``M LQO Y Ie
fG JcdG J .qk JeJhCG
EG ``qk ` dBG j ``dG dG ``N EG
Y j `` G G`` g h ,``` c ``M
dH dGb Jcd U GMh
G G``g LGj dc .G
.dG h dG h dG G`` Mh
``jh``J ``g dG ``N ``e `` gCGh
dG GMdG SCG jJ H
.dG Y AKCG JcdG eJ
,UN jY J ``j```dG a
j ``b A````dG ``j```dG EG ```M
e ``` G I``` c ```j``L ``j```J
jdG jdG ODj b dc h ,gdG
e hcdG I``HR e AL fG EG
J JcdG j b Gg h ,G
e IOY ddh .dG Qh jR Gk QKBG
IQGM ``LQO Y fCG jdG j
AG``g QJ QGeEH dP h 10 - 8
J .JcdG Qh ce G
h bO 45 - 30 G``M jdG Y
g h Jcd jdG Y J b
.jdG f dG Y J
Chocolate : ``J``c````dG G`` fCG -
o
Types
2/3/09 8:50:49 AM
AGdGh dG
hdG MCG QW .O
G e
SdG GdG
Tadreeb #3.indb 34
dG jQdG
34
2/3/09 8:50:50 AM
gd ehe IH R fC iNCG
``H``W``` d ``` jP``` f `` ` Yh `` `j`` `dGh
.GRdGh
(PS) jjdG jY -6
ehG jT SdG e f gh
jG hdGh jhdGh ed
,HUh fd adH jh
dG GhOCG YU jh
qn
OGG H GY h WCG YVQh
.dCc FGdG
(PES) SEG jY -7
OG``Gh dGh IQGd he ``gh
,AHd UdG ```Lh ,jhdG
bCGh dCG YU jh
.dG e GYh
gdeQa ee -8
a ,IQG````H j ``f ``gh
YU jh ,J IOYEG
```g``Zh G``` ` dGh ``` ` dG ````WCG
.eH IQG
: iNCG OGe -9
e SdG G``` ` ` SG j
FGdG GdG YU iNCG OGe
G fCG FbQ :e FGhdGh
G ``a``````dGh ,``` ` jEG ``j```H
G HhdG jYh ,jEG jH
.fCG
:SdG GdG jGe
SdG OGG GSG T
k jZCG GY YU
QdG Y VY
: ddG gjG OGh LdGh
NQ dHh LfEG c VfG -1
.K
.CGdGh cBd eheh fRh N -2
IQG````d ```d``Yh J dS -3
.AHdGh
a Ad YGfCG H aT -4
YG G````dG j `` jDhQ
.e
jhdG KCd H ehe -5
35
Tadreeb #3.indb 35
VJ dG jZCG J dSG
JQH jh ,dG IQGM LQd
fh MGh HWdG ``Y Y
Y J dG dG IQGM LQO Y
.U QGVCG CG d J h 5
```Hh``H `` `H) ``` Hh``dG ``j``Y -3
(PP
k
e aTh h
HU cCG gh
Jh ,PP HhdG jY jEG jY
KEG jY e YCG HUh fhe
.f jEG jY eGSG dh
aGJ jEG jY -4
IQG``G `` LQO eh jh
HWd jPf bh ,300 M JG
jG hjh ,T fd ,GRdGh
j dd ;L H jdG
MHG LGhdGh dG G J
H Jh ,gZh IGh IOG
eGSG dG G J fe
k
.jdGQc jY SH Y VY
PVC) `` j`` ` `` `` `dG Q`` `` ` c `` `j`` `Y -5
o
(Polyphenyl chloride
2/3/09 8:50:51 AM
AGdGh dG
Chloride
(PVC)
eG e YG GdG GSG
cGdc YGfCH NdG Z jZCG Jh M
GSG jh ,a GJ CG hO GhGGh
dG WCG J LdGh dG G WCG
fEG U Y JeGSG ed NdG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 36
dG jQdG
36
2/3/09 8:50:52 AM
.SdG dG Y
FGd
SH OGe fEG AdG
UGe GP GSCG J IjL
jPf e H HS Y J
Y QG`` G JK ``` JQGh GR````d
c ,Je IQG``M ``LQ``d VJ
FGdG e GfCG IY GSCG aJ
LQd G eh J dG
.dGh dG IQGG
: Fbh Ff
Gh ``` ` dG `` `HQ ``` U``f
Y ``gG```Sh FGdG YdG
FGdG e YG GdG GSG
: ddG FdG JH
jY `````S``H G``` ` ` SG ```
``j``ZCG J YH ````jEG
``` ` d``c `` ` `gO ````Y ``j``````G
,HdGh IGh IO``G LGhdGh
`` ` `YhCG `` ` NGO ``` ` j``` J `` ` `h
Z ``` ` ` S``` dG `` e ``Y``` ` ` e
.jW Ia d G
WCG NdG jZCG Vh Y
e YG a ,SH
YJ h`` k ``e```G
GhOCG SG aCGh ,H
hCG `` G ``e ``Y`````G ````G
.VdG Gd LdG
SdG GdG GSG
Z ``f```G IO`` G a ```J ```dG
jdGh VMCH KCJ hCG HK
dG `` j`` ZCG ```M IQG`` ` Gh
.a VJ
SdG AdH jZCG d Y
G``aCG ``NGO J b UdG
.jhhG
dc GhG``` ` G J
G``` Y `` ` NGO Q`` ` `Gh Q`` `` ` Gh
N
J fe SH
k
.VdG Gd
37
Tadreeb #3.indb 37
f e Sd dG dG dG
dH CGj PVC jdG Qc jY
,a G FGdG dG a
HUEG dG ```HCG ``MCG XCG K
f dG WH QdG G```a
,jdG Qc ce I```HC VJ
ja jjdG GSG j c
aJ dh YdG H jH
WG da Y ac Y FO
chCG cG qk YU jh fEd
bCG H Styrene Oxide jjdG
SdG e dG Gg j bh ,e
GY NGO jJ Y jZCGh AG
AGdG IQGOEG Q``` UCGh ,e Ye
fEG L CG jeCG AGhdGh
e bCG c e/AL 0^3
c FGdG jfjcCG ce
dG SGQdG ```XCG c" jRdG
jY c fEG VJ QG```VCG
G AG Polystyrene jjdG
Gh HdGh Gh OHdG dGh
h ,e YG ```YhCG gZh
OGG S IQN CG AdG j
."ZdG SdG" jZdG jddG
hd jGh UGG g Jh
aJ HdG G hd hdG
SdG OG``G UGG aCG
`` jhOCGh ``j``ZCG J eG
GSCG H G K H dhGJh
U jM H dH eG hdG
eG G J c ,G
UGG g H H G
hd jGh UGG g J
UGG aCG aJ HdG G hd hdG
jZCG J eG SdG OGG
g H G J c ,dhGJh ``jhOCGh
SdG dG Y UGG
2/3/09 8:50:53 AM
AGdGh dG
e SMG
jdG LdG
Fast Food
dG Y cR a .
FGZ YU Le
.IjH dGh AGd dG dG
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
Tadreeb #3.indb 38
dG jQdG
38
2/3/09 8:50:54 AM
39
Tadreeb #3.indb 39
.jdG LdG
WCGh IG HJd GJ
k .7
.jOYG
: jdG LdG Y
jdGh gdG SG Ic .1
f ``d``ch ,````a ``` ` Jh``dGh
O````Gh ````e`````dGh `` ` `dCG
cGJ EG ODj dG eCG ,IG
eh G jdGh gdG
.RdG IOjR K
L e hO YH `` cCG .2
.dG Gk Y j
jqk S SG e I```SCG Ga .3
.dG IFe Y
UNh FGdG d VdG .4
.dG a
jLCG jM SGQO VhCG bh
g CG dG a ```G je
dG RG VGeCG Ic IOjR
G`qk ` L ````e `` `eCG G`` `gh ,``` ` ` G
dG R```G ``VG``eCG C ;```Nh
k
bh ,dH GL
JJ
qk Gc
k WJQG
b Od ceh bYEG EG ODJ
e fh ,dG QgJ EG ODj
dG VGeCG dG RG VGeCG
H SGQdG HJh ,A``` eCGh IQG``Gh
LdG h```J IO`` jRh ``VG``eCG ``g
.jdG
2/3/09 8:50:55 AM
AGdGh dG
,G WdG h ,G
``jR``` dG ``Hh``````G G````````SGh
e `` SC` `ch ``` c``` dG `` e `````H
,``` ` G `` Z R`` `` ` dG ``` ` ` dG
Y dG dG QNGh
Y dGh ,LRdG GhG````G
fjG ```e ````S``dG ``a``` VEG
Tadreeb #3.indb 40
dG jQdG
40
2/3/09 8:50:56 AM
AGQBG
..dG UdG e g - dG dG
H QG j d ..IQG Qh
dG jQdG IQ```eh aH jQdG
..dG
j ``Q dGh ..FGdG CG YCGh
dOe b e ..G jQdG Y
..HQe TJ j CH dPh ..jQdG
..jQdG JH I``G f GeCG
f SQ ..Xh TJ j
..e UG dG UN ..dG
..dG jH jQdG G Jh
OdG e Y e fe IOY J dGh
,eN jQe ,Qe ICae) e
gh ..(G jQe , HQe JGhQ
.XdG aGM d Q dG
G``g `` `eh ..`` `` ` dG `` f`` G `` ` `Yh
.."??H jdG G AT e"..G
Y CH bG ..dG NCG : H eh bCG
..IQd Uh ..aK da ..JGQ CHh
..JGdG Id jRh ..d AHh
Q```bCGh `` gCG ``e G```MG ``e ``j``eh
.. fG dh YGdG ..UCGh
aCG ..He H M da ..eN
k
..dG fG Yh ..JdG GdG e
..A`` HBG hCG ..Q`` `eCG A``` dhCG dhDe E` a
Qh ..jGh G dhDe g
d FHC ..jqk eh ``jqk O``e ..```aG``dG
..He H M ..Y CH Gj
"c iYdG" CG EG ..TCG CG H
GjO d ..Oh OdG c d EGh ..Ya
UCG AT gCGh ..c Y fe eN
!!!!"Gk je
41
Tadreeb #3.indb 41
2/3/09 8:50:57 AM
``` e
..HgGh gG
e ..e YU S
cdG Qe H cJ
.dG dG HgG ce e
,HT OH Jh CG J
j M EG QdGh dG j h
aVEGh AH ep - dH - dG
Seh
jk OH KCG jh ,J
k
H j M QG G YU
j jdG "HgG" e f FHCG
.G AH dSQ gYGS
"gG" H MdG H jo h
MGh j H "dG"h
``fCG `` NBG dG i``j H ,k jJ
,bk e gG j CG IQhdH d
TCG jJ gG EG dG d h
QHG Y IQ``` dGh dG j
dG IQGOEG ```Y IQ``` dGh ````fEGh
jeCG G aY bh ,IAH
``g``G ``j``H``dG ```SGQ```d edG
H ``bk ``e``e Ak GOCG j ``e) ``fq C` H
``` G ``e `` CG I``````e
``D` G ``` U``J ``` c ,(`` ` `` `gCG GP
WCd dG d Y ``HG``dG
fTH G bGh HgG
gh eT jd (2001) ```dG
J ffEG S : dG gG CG
Y IQdGh ,edG dG IQdG e
OcCG dGh ,YGHEG dG
`````dG ``f``L EG ,i``` ` ` G ``` aQ
.cdG
j dG dG e L gh
JQb dP eh ,Z Y gG H
a IAH JQGOEGh bdG QSG Y
SG Y JQbh ,jQe j
d G ``f``` eEGh h```dG
Tadreeb #3.indb 42
dG jQdG
42
2/3/09 8:50:58 AM
43
Tadreeb #3.indb 43
H f ``bh .qk Y bk e j
jG ``g CG EG G
,ec ```f````fEG GQ``` dG J
``a``` NG `` YG`` J `` ` `fCG ``` c
cJ fCG c ,dGh YLG
.HdG SCG Y
: A``e``dGh G ae - k dK
gH G aG gJ M
d ``dhD` ` ` G d TJ
.e IOSGh
:fCG ``H``g``G ```YCG - ``k `HGQ
hCG ej dG ```YCG gJ H
d M ,Y dG gG eb
.JjGH H fc
dG jQd edG SDG Jh
YGh jGh HgH Gh
dG VGh DG dP QU RHCGh
je eY c j dG OdG
jG b j dGh ,VjdG
k J dG
j c ,k KJh UC
HQe Yj dG jQG VY Y
fG A``L c ,`````SD`G ``HQ```eh
.OcCG Z G
e ``cCG ```g ``H``g``G dh
: e jW
k G
: cdG `````dG ``FG``b -hC
cdG FG RHCG hJ H
,Z Y gG dG dG
dG e dG H J dGh
.jOdGh dGh YGHEG
: ``` ` j``` Gh GQ`` ` `` `NG - ``k ` f``K
dG GAG```LEGh FSdG H jh
,ddG GOGSG Sd J
: jG J TCG RHCG eh
d Jh : G`` HEG je -1
QaCH ``` JEG ```f```eEG i``e Y
,``jO```dG ``b```d``H J ``` Mh
G ``d```UCGh ,jdG ``fh``Gh
Y J aVEG Y IQdGh
.G Mh
g Jh : dG GQNG -2
H ddG ae GQ````NG
OG`````SG i`` e J h ,Q````G
e J e ie H d ddG
.ae GQe
bh : GQ`` ` dGh A``c``dG GQ``` ` NG -3
,dG cS Sd ````Vh
g ``NC` Jh .dG Y IQ``` dGh
100 QG`` ` `e ```k `` Sh GQ``````NG
Y j ``e ``c ````j ````H
k
eh ,Se
`` bCGh `` LQO (90)
```YCGh ``LQO (130) Y j
2/3/09 8:50:59 AM
IQ````dG `````J
k - (ESRI) cT e
FaG eG IQGOE IjL M
qp UdG fdH HQh
fH IYb AfEG e
UHh - jG YJ (Mega Geodatabase) bY
jQe G ```G P```JG Y - GQG``` dG ````UCG
QNGh G YJQG bGe UHh GdG dG
.IjG dG bdG T
: ddG GG Y dP d G G JJh
UdGh fG fdG H J hCG I```G
,G ```M````G I`` ` `LCG ``````S``H `` ` VQCG ```Y
Total) edG G ,(GPS) bGG j f : e
YdG QbCG e JCG FdG QdGh (Station
aGG eG f GhOCG J
FaG eG IQGOE IjL k M
q p UdG fdH HQh
YJ bY fH IYb AfEG e
G d UdG Y jG
GdG dG jQe
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 44
dG jQdG
44
2/3/09 8:50:59 AM
G dG ILCG H - 1 dG
.(Mobile Mapper) fdG j
dG KGMEG :3 LG dG bO M
0^401 = Standard Deviation ,397652^9296 = Mean
45
Tadreeb #3.indb 45
2/3/09 8:51:00 AM
IQ````dG `````J
OdG KGMEG :3 LG dG bO M
0^188 = Standard Deviation ,2891398^0309 = Mean
G :3 LG dG bO M
0^224 = Standard Deviation ,642^7025 = Mean
.VQCG Y SdG H Le f bO M 3 dG
.2
.3
dG dH dG ce j
Ya hJh e cGT ASQEG EG IH
G UNh QGOEG dG jd
PJ GG bH bY d dG
Gh bdG aJh GQGdG aCG
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 46
dG jQdG
46
2/3/09 8:51:01 AM
Wh f ..G H
47
Tadreeb #3.indb 47
: e
2/3/09 8:51:03 AM
hdEG jQdG
f h SDG H
G dU H dN
Blackboard
Tadreeb #3.indb 48
dG jQdG
48
2/3/09 8:51:05 AM
: cG e
jGH gJ JY Y cG NCG dG G RHCG e
jJ h dG jJ ;OQ``H H QdG IQGOEG f J
QGSG fL EG ,SDG H G dG e Sd
fhdEG M 25 j M ;fhdEG FG jH
WG h .OGG bH j Y dG jh BG M
Y fhdEG FG HGQ dG PdG H Y
.cG be
49
Tadreeb #3.indb 49
2/3/09 8:51:06 AM
hdEG jQdG
IQGU Blackboard f f
e qk Y jQdG dG IQGOEG fCG
J a .1997 ``Y SCJ
dG h eG e SGh jT
UGh eG dG SQGG h
SDe 3700 Y Hj dG
dhO 60 e cCG J
.GQk e 173 dG HQe QOCG a GQG GQOEG Mf e
k
G AT EG e
SdG H dG j S h
dG e IOSG HQG h HQG c e jo H d dd LGdG jdH jhdGh qk Y k J J h
.HG IOG
YdG cGG Y j cG CG EG TCG jdG h
Jh ,NGO dG He N e ,dG h dG NGO
,eY QOGch G e LMG Jh ,d dG YdG
Me e dG YdG cGG SDG OhR bh
dG dG f e c h .YdG cGG Y J
jCG GW HQd e h ee LP e IjH
.JGdG jQd h fhdEG HGd Nd jQdG
: LGG
Blackboard: http://www.blackboard. `d SdG bG com
www.elearning.edu.sa hdEG QdG ce be
eL - /http://www.bethel.edu/its/blackboard/history
.H
;G ke k S IjH dG dG M QWEG Gg h
eCGh .Hk Qe 83 dG dG jf M dG H b M
2009 jGa - `g1430 `U
Tadreeb #3.indb 50
dG jQdG
50
2/3/09 8:51:08 AM
Tadreeb #3.indb 51
2/3/09 8:51:09 AM
hdEG jQdG
hGS QOdGY .
.fhdEG dG
fEG S
dG
1971
1978
1993
2001
4004
8086
H
4 H
GcG H
jjG
2004
OY
QjfGdG
2300
29000
3^100^000
42^000^000
169^000^000
e UG T YU UCG ,1975 Y eh
edG ie CG ``cD`j ``dG (Moores Law) Q``e fH
.(1 IQU) Gk T 18 c Yj
kA_B
)u@'0
?1 +_
Gs>