Reg. No.

MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Manipal University

SEVENTH SEMESTER B.E. (E & C) DEGREE END SEMESTER EXAMINATION NOV / DEC 2011 SUBJECT: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (ECE 411.3) TIME: 3 HOURS MAX. MARKS: 50

Instructions to candidates Answer ANY FIVE full questions. Missing data may be suitably assumed.

1A. Explain fundamental steps involved in digital image processing system with a neat block diagram. 1B. Determine the reconstructed sequence by using the DPCM (lossy) and feed Forward predictive coder for the given sequence, and also comment on the reconstruction error obtained by both the methods. Figure 1B shows the Quantizer output Sequence : 100 , 102, 120, 120, 120, 118 (5+5) 2A. 2B. Compare Ideal , Butterworth and Gaussian high pass filter in frequency domain. Using graphical method, determine the convolution of f(m,n) and h(m,n) 1 3 -2 -4 3 8 1 5 9 3 6 2 4 7 3 (5+5) 3A. 3B. 4A. 4B. 5A. 5B. Explain the following i. Histogram equalization

h(m,n) =

f(m,n) =

ii. Gray level slicing (5+5)

Show that average value of laplacian of Gaussian operator 2h(r) = 0.

Explain how digital image processing can be used in security system with 2 examples. What is 2D Haar Transform? Obtain 2D Haar matrix for N=4. Write a short note on Region growing. Write the algorithm to obtain threshold (T) automatically. (5+5)

ECE -411.3

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5C. Find the edge corresponding to the minimum-cost path in the subimage shown below and also draw the graph of the same. The numbers in the brackets are gray levels and the outer numbers are spatial coordinates. Assume that the edge starts in the first column and ends in the last column.

(2+3+5) 6A. Suppose that an image has the gray-level probability density functions shown in Figure 6A. Here, p 1 (z) corresponds to objects and p 2 (z) corresponds to the background. Assume that P1 = P2 and find the optimal threshold between object and back-ground pixels 6B. Explain the image restoration with the neat block diagram. Also write a short note on following Figure 6B (a) and (b) noise PDFs. (5+5)

Figure 1B

Figure

6A

Figure 6B (a)

(b)

ECE 411.3

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