CHNG III.

DY S CP S
I. Phng php qui np ton hc
chng minh mnh cha bin A(n) l mt mnh ng vi mi gi tr nguyn n a, ta thc hin nh
sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra mnh ng vi n = a.
Bc 2: Gi thit mnh ng vi s nguyn n = k tu (k a).
Bc 3: Chng minh rng mnh ng vi n = k + 1.Rt ra kt lun
Bi 1: Chng minh rng vi mi n thuc N*, ta c:
a) 1 + 2 + + n = n(n + 1) / 2
b) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) / 6
c) 1 + 2 + .. + n =
2
n(n 1)
2
+ 1
1
]
d) 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2) = n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) / 4
e) 1.5 + 2.7 + ... + n.(2n + 3) = n(n + 1)(4n + 11) / 6
f)
1 1 1 n 1
...
1.2 2.3 (n 1)n n

+ + +

Bi 2: Chng minh rng vi mi n thuc N*, ta c:

a)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
... 2
1 2 n n
+ + + < b)
1 3 2n 1 1
2 4 2n 2n 1

<
+
c)
1 1 1
... 2 n
1 2 n
+ + + <
d)
1 1 1 1
...
n 1 n 2 2n 2
+ + +
+ +
Bi 3: Chng minh rng vi mi n thuc N*, ta c:
a) n + 11n chia ht cho 6 b) n + 3n + 5n chia ht cho 3.
c) 7.2
2n 2
+ 3
2n 1
chia ht cho 5. d) n + 2n chia ht cho 3.
e) 2
n + 2
+ 3
2n + 1
chia ht cho 7. f) 13
n 1
chia ht cho 6.
Bi 4: Chng minh rng s ng cho ca mt a gic li n cnh l n(n 3) / 2
Bi 5: Dy s (a
n
) c cho nh sau:
1 n 1 n
a 2, a 2 a
+
+ vi n thuc N*
Chng minh rng vi mi n thuc N* ta c:
n n 1
a 2cos
2
+

II. Dy s
1. Dy s:
u: N* R
n: a u
n
Dng khai trin: (u
n
) = u
1
, u
2
, , u
n
,
2. Dy s tng, dy s gim
(u
n
) l dy s tng <=> u
n+1
> u
n
vi mi n thuc N*.
(u
n
) l dy s gim <=> u
n+1
< u
n
vi mi n thuc N*.
3. Dy s b chn
(u
n
) l dy s b chn trn <=>
n
m R, u m n N*
.
(u
n
) l dy s b chn di <=>
n
m R, u m n N*
.
(u
n
) l dy s b chn <=>
n
m, M R, m u M n N*
Bi 1: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (u
n
) cho bi:
a)
2
n 2
2n 1
u
n 1

+
b)
n
n n
( 1) n
u
3

c)
n n
1 n
u cos
2 2
_

,
d)
n n
(n 1)!
u
2
+

Bi 2: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (u
n
) cho bi:
a) u
1
= 2, u
n+1
= (2u
n
+ 1) / 5 b) u
1
= 15, u
2
= 9, u
n+2
= u
n+1
u
n
.
Trang 1
c) u
1
= 0, n 1 2
n
2
u
u 1
+

+
d) u
1
= 1, u
2
= 1, u
n+2
= u
n+1
+ u
n
.
Bi 3: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (u
n
), d on cng thc s hng tng qut u
n
v chng minh cng
thc bng qui np.
a) u
1
= 1, u
n+1
= 2u
n
+ 3 b) u
1
= 2,
2
n 1 n
u u 2
+
+
c) u
1
= 3, u
n+1
= 2u
n
. d)
n
1 n 1
u 1 5
u , u
4 2
+
+

S: a) u
n
= 2
n+1
3 b)
n
u 2n 1 + c) u
n
= 3.2
n1
d)
n n 1
1
u 1
2
+
+
Bi 4: Xt tnh tng, gim ca cc dy s (u
n
) sau y
a)
n
n 1
u
n 2
+

b)
n
n
( 1)
u
n 1

+
c)
2
n 2
n n 1
u
n 1
+ +

+
d)
2
n
u n cos(n ) +
Bi 5: Xt tnh b chn trn, b chn di, b chn ca cc dy s (u
n
) sau
a)
n
2n
u
n 2

+
b)
n
1
u
n(n 1)

+
c)
2
n 2
n 2n
u
n n 1
+

+ +
d)
n
n
u ( 1) cos( )
2n

III. Cp s cng
1. nh ngha: (u
n
) l cp s cng <=> u
n+1
= u
n
+ d, vi mi n thuc N* (d: cng sai)
2. S hng tng qut: u
n
= u
1
+ (n 1)d
3. Tnh cht cc s hng:
k 1 k 1
k
u u
u
2
+
+
vi k 2, k thuc N
4. Tng n s hng u tin:
1 n 1
n 1 2 n
n(u u ) n[2u (n 1)d]
S u u ... u
2 2
+ +
+ + +
Bi 1: Trong cc dy s (u
n
) di y, dy s no l cp s cng, khi cho bit s hng u v cng sai
ca n.
a) u
n
= 3n 7 b) u
n
= n c) u
n
= 3 n d) u
n
= (n 1) / 2
Bi 2: Tm s hng u v cng sai ca cp s cng (u
n
), bit:
a)
1 5 3
1 6
u u u 10
u u 17
+
'
+

b)
3
14
u 15
u 18

'

c)
7 3
2 7
u u 8
u u 75

'

d)
7 15
2 2
4 12
u u 60
u u 1170
+

'
+

e)
1 3 5
1 2 3
u u u 12
u u u 8
+ +
'

Bi 3:
a) Gia cc s 7 v 35 hy t thm 6 s na c mt cp s cng.
b) Gia cc s 4 v 67 hy t thm 20 s na c mt cp s cng.
Bi 4:
a) Tm 3 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng l 27 v tng cc bnh phng ca
chng l 293.
b) Tm 4 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng bng 22 v tng cc bnh phng ca
chng bng 66.
Bi 5:
a) Ba gc ca mt tam gic vung lp thnh mt cp s cng. Tm s o cc gc .
b) S o cc gc ca mt a gic li c 9 cnh lp thnh mt cp s cng c cng sai d = 3. Tm s o ca
cc gc .
c) S o cc gc ca mt t gic li lp thnh mt cp s cng v gc ln nht gp 5 ln gc nh nht. Tm
s o cc gc .
Bi 6: Chng minh rng nu 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng th cc s x, y, z cng lp thnh mt cp
s cng, vi:
a) x = b + bc + c, y = c + ca + a, z = a + ab + b
b) x = a bc, y = b ca, z = c ab
Trang 2
Bi 7: Tm x 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng, vi:
a) a = 10 3x, b = 2x + 3, c = 7 4x
b) a = x + 1, b = 3x 2, c = x 1
Bi 8: Tm cc nghim s ca phng trnh: x 15x + 71x 105 = 0, bit rng cc nghim s phn bit v
to thnh mt cp s cng.
Bi 9: Ngi ta trng 3003 cy theo mt hnh tam gic nh sau: hng th nht c 1 cy, hng th hai c 2
cy, hng th ba c 3 cy, . Hi c bao nhiu hng?
IV. Cp s nhn
1. nh ngha: (u
n
) l cp s nhn <=> u
n+1
= u
n
.q vi n thuc N* vi q l cng bi
2. S hng tng qut: u
n
= u
1
.q
n1
.
3. Tnh cht cc s hng:
2
k k 1 k 1
u u .u
+
vi mi k 2, k thuc N
4. Tng n s hng u tin:
n
1
n
u (1 q )
S
1 q

vi q 1
S
n
= nu
1
vi q = 1
Bi 1: Tm s hng u v cng bi ca cp s nhn, bit:
a)
4 2
5 3
u u 72
u u 144

'

b)
1 3 5
1 7
u u u 65
u u 325
+
'
+

c)
3 5
2 6
u u 90
u u 240
+
'

d)
1 2 3
1 2 3
u u u 14
u u u 64
+ +
'

e)
1 2 3 4
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
u u u u 30
u u u u 340
+ + +

'
+ + +

f)
1 2 3
1 2 3
u u u 21
1 1 1 7
u u u 12
+ +

'
+ +

Bi 2:
a) Gia cc s 160 v 5 hy chn vo 4 s na to thnh mt cp s nhn.
b) Gia cc s 243 v 1 hy t thm 4 s na to thnh mt cp s nhn.
Bi 3: Tm 3 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn bit tng ca chng l 19 v tch l 216.
Bi 4:
a) Tm s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng cng bi l 3, tng s cc s hng l 728 v s hng cui
l 486.
b) Tm cng bi ca mt cp s nhn c s hng u l 7, s hng cui l 448 v tng s cc s hng l 889.
Bi 5:
a) Tm 4 gc ca mt t gic, bit rng cc gc lp thnh mt cp s nhn v gc cui gp 9 ln gc th
hai.
b) di cc cnh ca ABC lp thnh mt cp s nhn. Chng minh rng ABC c hai gc khng qu
60.
Bi 6: Tm bn s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn, trong s hng th hai nh hn s hng th nht 35,
cn s hng th ba ln hn s hng th t 560.
Bi 7: S s hng ca mt cp s nhn l mt s chn. Tng tt c cc s hng ca n ln gp 3 ln tng cc
s hng c ch s l. Xc nh cng bi ca cp s .
Bi 8: Tm 4 s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng tng 3 s hng u l 148/9, ng thi, theo th t,
chng l s hng th nht, th t v th tm ca mt cp s cng.
Bi 9: Tm 3 s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng khi tng s th hai thm 2 th cc s to thnh
mt cp s cng, cn nu sau tng s cui thm 9 th chng li lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
Bi 10: Tm 4 s trong ba s u l ba s hng k tip ca mt cp s nhn, cn ba s sau l ba s hng
k tip ca mt cp s cng; tng hai s u v cui bng 32, tng hai s gia bng 24.
Bi 11: Tm cc s dng a v b sao cho a, a + 2b, 2a + b lp thnh mt cp s cng v (b + 1)
2
, ab + 5, (a +
1)
2
lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
Bi 12: Chng minh rng nu 3 s
2 1 2
, ,
y x y y z
lp thnh mt cp s cng th 3 s x, y, z lp thnh mt
cp s nhn.
Trang 3
BI TP N CHNG III
Bi 1: Chng minh S
n
= 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2) = n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) / 4
Bi 2: Dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi cng thc:
1
n 1 n
u 1
u 3u 1
+

'

vi n 1. Chng minh dy s tng bng

phng php quy np.
Bi 3: Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi
n
1 n 1
u 1 5
u , u
4 2
+
+

a) Bng phng php quy np, chng minh vi mi ta c
n n 1
1
u 1
2
+
+ vi n thuc N*.
b) Chng minh rng dy s (u
n
) l dy gim v b chn.
Bi 4: Xt tnh tng, gim ca dy s sau
a) u
n
= 2
n
. b)
n
n n
3 n 1
u
4
+

Bi 5: Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi u
1
= 2 v
n 1 n
u u 1
+
+ vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh u
n
= 2 vi mi
n thuc N*. C nhn xt g v dy s ny?
Bi 6: Cp s cng:
a) Cho mt cp s cng bit tng ba s hng u tin bng 6 v tng cc bnh phng ca chng bng 30.
Hy tm cp s cng .
b) Cho phng trnh x
4
(3m + 4)x + (m + 1) = 0. nh m d phng trnh c bn nghim phn bit lp
thnh mt cp s cng.
c) Cho cc s a, b, c tho mn
1 1 1
, ,
a b a c b c + + +
to thnh mt cp s cng. Chng minh rng a, b, c cng
to thnh mt cp s cng.
d) Nu s th p, th q v th r ca mt cp s cng ln lt l a, b, c. Chng minh rng:
(q r)a + (r p)b + (p q)c = 0
e) Cho bit tng n s hng ca mt cp s cng l S
n
= n(5n 3). Tm s hng th p ca cp s cng .
f) Cho hai cp s cng ln lt c tng n s hng l S
n
= 7n + 1 v T
n
= 4n + 7. Tm t s u
11
/ v
11
ca 2 s
hng th 11 ca hai cp s .
Bi 7:
a) Tm s hng u v cng sai ca cp s nhn, bit s hng th hai l 16 v tng ba s hng u bng 56.
b) Mt cp s nhn (u
n
) c 5 s hng, bit cng bi q = 1/4, v u
1
+ u
4
= 24. Tm cc s hng ca cp s
nhn ny.
Bi 8:
a) Cc s x + 6y, 5x + 2y, 8x + y theo th t lp thnh cp s cng. ng thi x 1, y + 2, x 3y theo
th t lp thnh cp s nhn. Hy tm x v y.
b) Cho 3 s c tng bng 28 lp thnh cp s nhn. Tm cp s nhn bit nu s th nht gim 4 th ta
c 3 s lp thnh cp s cng.
c) Tm hai s a v b bit ba s: 1, a + 8, b theo th t lp thnh mt cp s cng v ba s 1, a, b theo th t
lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
d) Ba s c tng l 217 c th coi l ba s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn, hoc l cc s hng th 2, th
9 v th 44 ca mt cp s cng. Hi phi ly bao nhiu s hng u ca CSC tng ca chng l 280?
e) Mt CSC v mt CSN c s hng th nht bng 5, s hng th hai ca CSC ln hn s hng th 2 ca
CSN l 10, cn cc s hng th 3 bng nhau. Tm cc cp s y?
Bi 9: Cho dy s (u
n
) vi
n n
n n n
2 5
u
2 5

+
. Tnh S
10
=
1 2 10
1 1 1
...
u 1 u 1 u 1
+ + +

.
Bi 10: Cho dy s (u
n
), tng n s hng u tin ca n l S
n
=
2
7n 3n
2

.
a) Tnh u
1
, u
2
, u
3
.
b) Chng minh dy s trn l mt cp s cng v xc nh s hng tng qut ca n.
BI TP NNG CAO CHNG 3
Trang 4
Dng 1. Chng minh quy np
Bi 1. Chng minh bng quy np.
a) 1.2 + 2.5 + 3.8 + ... + n(3n 1) vi mi n thuc N*
b)
2
1 1 1 n 2
1 1 ... 1
4 9 (n 1) 2(n 1)
1 + _ _

1
+ +
, ,
]
vi n thuc N*
c) 3
3n+3
26n 27 chia ht cho 169 vi mi n thuc N*
d)
5 4 3
n n n n
5 2 3 30
+ + lun l s nguyn vi mi n thuc N*
e)
1 1 1 n
...
1.4 4.7 (3n 2)(3n 1) 3n 1
+ + +
+ +
vi mi n thuc N*
f)
2 n n (n 1)
sin sin ... sin 2sin sin
3 3 3 6 6
+
+ + + vi mi n thuc N*
g)
n 1
2 2 2 n 1 2
( 1) n(n 1)
1 2 3 ... ( 1) n
2
+
+
+
+ + vi mi n thuc N*
h)
n
2
4 (2n)!
n 1 (n!)
<
+
vi mi n > 1, n thuc N
i)
2 2 2
x x ... x x 1 + + + < +
(n du cn) vi mi n thuc N*
j)
n n 1
n 1
2 4
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 2
...
1 x 1 x 1 x x 1
1 x 1 x
+
+
+ + + + +
+ + +
+
vi mi n thuc N*, x 1 & x 1
Bi 2. Cho n s dng x
1
, x
2
, ..., x
n
. Chng minh rng vi mi n 2:
(1 + x
1
)(1 + x
2
)... (1 + x
n
) > 1 + x
1
+ x
2
+ ... + x
n
.
Bi 3. Gi a l mt nghim ca phng trnh: x 3x + 1 = 0. Chng minh rng
n
n n
1
u a
a
+ l s nguyn
vi mi n thuc N*.
HD. a + 1 = 3a <=> a + 1/a = 3 <=> u
k+1
= u
1
.u
k
u
k1
.
Bi 4. Gi s cos l s hu t. Chng minh rng vi mi n thuc N* cos n cng l s hu t.
HD. cos [(n + 1)] = cos (n) cos sin (n) sin
Dng 2. Ton dy s.
1. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi:
n 2
2n 5
u
n 1
+

+
a) Vit 5 s hng u ca dy.
b) Tm n sao cho u
n
= 1/5
2. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi:
2n
4n
u
2n 1

v
2n 1
n 1
u
n

a) Vit 4 s hng u ca dy.

b) Chng minh mi s hng ca dy u khc nhau.
3. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1 v
n
n
u cos
3

vi mi n thuc N*.
a) Vit 6 s hng u ca dy.
b) Chng minh dys ch nhn hu hn gi tr.
4. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh nh sau: u
n
l s d khi chia n cho 6.
a) Xc nh 7 s hng u ca dy
b) Nu u
m
= u
n
, chng minh rng: |m n| chia ht cho 6
5. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 5 v u
n+1
= 3u
n
vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh u
n
= 5.3
n1
.
6. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1 v u
n+1
= 3u
n
+ 2n vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh rng
n 1
n
5 1
u .3 n
2 2

7. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1 v
n 1 n
1
u 3u n
2
+
+ vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh rng
Trang 5
n 1
n
1
u .(3 n)
2

+
8. Xt tnh tng, gim ca cc dy s sau:
a)
n
2011 n
u
n

b)
n
n!
u
n 1

+
c)
n
n
( 1)
u
n 2011

+
9. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 3 v
n 1 n
5
u u
3
+
vi mi n thuc N*.
a) Chng minh rng dy s tng b) Tm n u
n
> 10 000
10. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1 v
n 1 n
2
u u 1
3
+
+ vi mi n thuc N*.
a) Chng minh dy s b chn trn bi 3 b) Chng minh dy s tng
11. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 3 v
2
n
n 1
n
2 u
u
2u
+
+

vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh dy s gim.

12. Xt tnh b chn ca cc dy s sau y:
a)
n 1
n
3n ( 1)
u
2(n 1)
+
+

+
b) n
2
2n 3
u
2n 1
+

+
c)
n
n
u
2n 1 2n 1

+ +
d) u
n
= 2sin (n + 1) 3cos n e)
n
1 1 1 1
u ...
n 1 n 2 n 3 2n
+ + + +
+ + +
f) n
1 1 1
u ...
n( n 1) n( n 2) n( n n)
+ + +
+ + +
g)
2 2 2
n
sin 1 sin 2 sin n
u ...
1.2 2.3 n(n 1)
+ + +
+
13. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1, u
2
= 2 v
n
n 2 n 1 2
n
u
u u
1 u
+ +
+
+
vi mi n thuc N*.
a) Bng quy np chng minh rng: n 1 n
n
1
u u
u
+
+
vi mi n thuc N*. T suy ra dy s tng.
b) t
n
n
u
v
n

vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh dy s (v

n
) b chn.
14. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1, u
2
= 2 v
n 1
n 2
n
1 u
u
u
+
+
+

vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh rng: u

n+5
= u
n
vi mi n thuc N* (tc dy s tun hon).
15. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1, v u
m+n
= u
m
+ u
n
+ m.n vi mi m, n thuc N*. Chng minh rng:
u
n
= n(n + 1) / 2.
16. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi:
1
1
u
2007
v u
n+1
= (n + 1)u
n
+ 1 vi mi n thuc N*.
a) Chng minh rng
n
n
u n 1
2007
+ vi mi n thuc N*
b) Tnh tng n s hng u tin ca dy s
17. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 1, u
2
= 7 v u
n+2
= 5u
n+1
+ 6u
n
vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh rng:
n n
n
1 13
u .6 ( 1)
7 7
vi mi n thuc N*
Dng 3. Cp s cng.
1. Cho cp s cng: 2, 5, 8, 11, Tm s hang u u
1
, cng sai d, s hng u
n
, tng n s hng u tin S
n
.
2. Xc nh s hng u, cng sai v s hng u
n
ca cc cp s cng bit
a)
7
15
u 27
u 59

'

b)
9 2
13 6
u 5u
u 2u 5

'
+

c)
5
10
u 10
S 5

'

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d) Tng S
n
= 3n + n e)
20 10 5
S S S
5 3 2
f)
20 10
15 5
S 2S
S 3S

'

3. Tng ba s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng bng 2 v tng cc bnh phng ca ba s bng 14/9.
Xc nh ba s v cng sai? S: (1; 2/3; 1/3) v (1/3; 2/3; 1)
4. Cho cp s cng (u
n
) tho: u
4
+ u
8
+ u
12
+ u
16
= 16. Tnh tng 19 s hng u S
19
. S: 76.
5. Cho mt cp s cng tho:
2
n
2
m
S n
S m

vi m n v m, n thuc N*. Tnh t s u

2007
/ u
1945
.
HD. Chng minh d = 2u
1
. Suy ra t s 4013/3889
6. Tm s t nhin n bit:
a) (2n + 1) + (2n + 2) + + 3n = 2265. S: n = 30
b)
n 1 n 2 1
... 2007
n n n

+ + + . S n = 4015
7. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
n+2
= 3.u
n+1
u
n
+ 3 vi mi n thuc N*. Chng minh rng dy s (v
n
) ssao
cho v
n+1
= 2.u
n+1
u
n
l mt cp s cng. Xc nh v
1
v cng sai d ca (v
n
)?
8. Cho dy s (u
n
) tho mn: u
n
u
n+1
+ 3 = 1 / [n(n + 1)] vi mi n thuc N*
a) Chng minh rng dy s (v
n
) sao cho
n n
1
v u
n
vi mi n thuc N* l mt cp s cng
b) T , tm s hng tng qut ca dy (u
n
) bit u
1
= 2.
9. Chng minh rng trong ABC: cot A, cot B, cot C theo th t lp thnh cp s cng khi v ch khia
a, b, c theo th t lp thnh cp s cng.
10. Cho cp s cng (u
n
). Chng minh cc h thc sau:
a) u
nk
+ u
n+k
= 2u
n
vi 1 k < n
b) S
6n
= 3(S
4n
S
2n
)
c) (q r)u
p
+ (r p)u
q
+ (p q)u
r
= 0
d) u
1
+ u
n
= u
k
+ u
nk+1
.
e) S
n+3
+ 3S
n+1
= 3S
n+2
+ S
n
.
f)
1 2 2 3 n n 1 1 n 1
1 1 1 n
...
u u u u u u u u
+ +
+ + +
vi mi n thuc N*
11. Cho a, b, c lp thnh cp s cng. Chng minh rng:
(i) a + 2bc = c + 2ab; (ii) 8b a c = 6abc
12. Cho cc s a, b v a+b khc 0 sao cho
1 1 1
, ,
a a b b +
theo th t lp thnh cp s cng. Tnh t s a / b
Dng 4. Cp s nhn.
1. Cho cp s nhn: 2, 6, 18, 54, Tnh s hng u u
1
, cng bi q, s hng u
n
, tng n s hang u S
n
.
2. Xc nh s hng u v cng bi ca cc cp s nhn (u
n
) bit:
a)
7
10
u 5
u 135

'

b)
10
15 7
u 32 2
u 16u

'

c)
4 2
5 3
u u 54
u u 108

'

d)
2 4 6
3 5
u u u 91
u u 30
+ +
'
+

3. Cho a, b > 0. Hy chn 5 s vo gia hai s

b a
,
a b
sao cho dy trn l mt cp s nhn?
4. Tm x, y bit rng
a) x, y, 12 lp thnh mt cp s nhn v x, y, 9 lp thnh mt cp s cng theo th t ?
S: (3; 6) v (27; 18)
b) 1, x, y lp thnh mt cp s cng v 2, x + 2, y 3 lp thnh mt cp s nhn theo th t
5. Tm x bit rng ba s cos (x /4), sin x, cos (x + /4) theo th t lp thnh mt cp s nhn?
S: x = /6 + k, k thuc Z
6. Cho cp s nhn x, y, z. Tm x, y, z bit:
a) xyz = 64 v x + y + z = 584
Trang 7
b)
1 1 1
14
x y z
+ +
v xy + yz + zx = 7/108
c) x < y < z, xyz = 216 v x + y + z = 19
7. Tnh cc tng sau:
a) A = 1 + 2011 + 2011 + + 2011
n
.
b) B =
n
n
1 1 1 ( 1)
...
2 4 8 2

+ + + vi n thuc N*
c) C = 1 + 2.3 + 3.3 + + 2011.3
2010
.
(HD: 3C C = 2C)
d) D =
2 2 2
2 n
2 n
1 1 1
x x ... x
x x x
_ _ _
+ + + + + +

, , ,
vi x 1, 0, 1
e) E = x + 2x + 3x + ... + nx
n
.
8. Cho ABC c sin A, sin B, sin C theo th t lp thnh mt cp s nhn v C A = 60. Tnh gc B?
9. Gi s x
1
, x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh: x x + A = 0 v x
3
, x
4
l hai nghimca phng trnh:
x 4x + B = 0. Tnh A, B bit rng x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
lp thnh mt cp s nhn tng?
10. Cho cp s cng (u
n
) v cp s nhn (v
n
) tho mn: u
1
= v
1
= 2, u
2
= v
2
, v
3
= u
3
+ 4. Xc nh cp s
cng v cp s nhn .
10. Chng minh dy s (u
n
) sau l mt cp s nhn u
n
= 3.(1/7)
n
.
11. Cho dy s (u
n
) xc nh bi: u
1
= 2, u
n+1
= 3 + 4u
n
.
a) t v
n
= u
n
+ 1. Chng minh rng dy s (v
n
) l mt cp s nhn? Tm cng thc ca v
n
?
b) Tm cng thc tng qut ca u
n
?
12. Chng minh rng
a) Nu x, y, z lp thnh mt cp s nhn th xy, y, zy cng lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
b) Nu bn s dng x, y, z, t lp thnh mt cp s nhn th ba s xy, yz, zt cng lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
13. Cho cp s nhn (a
n
) c cng bi q 1. Chng minh rng
a) Dy s
n
1
a
_

,
l mt cp s nhn v tnh cng bi ca n?
b) Dy s (v
n
) sao cho
n 2
n
n
a
v
a
+

l mt cp s nhn v tnh cng bi ca n?

14. Cho (u
n
) l mt cp s nhn vi cng bi q. Chng minh rng
a) u
1
u
n
= u
k
u
nk+1
vi 1 k < n
b) S
m
+ q
m
.S
n
= S
n
+ q
n
.S
m
, vi mi m, n thuc N*.
15. Cho x, y, z l ba s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn. Chng minh rng
a) (x + y + z)(x y + z) = x + y + z
b) x + 4z 4xy + 8yz = (x 2y 2z)
c)
1 1 1
x y x xz
x y z
_
+ + + +

,
vi xyz 0
d) ( x y z)( x z y) x y z + + + + + vi x, y, z l 3 s dng
16. Cho cp s cng dng (u
n
) v cp s nhn dng(v
n
) tho mn: u
1
= v
1
v u
2
= v
2
. Chng minh
v
n
u
n
vi mi n thuc N*.
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