Professional Documents
Culture Documents
الاستقبال والطفيليات
الاستقبال والطفيليات
:
Reception Department
:
! !
"# $%& $
( '
- 1%2 ) )*+ ,#+
1%2 0"
( (
12 6
( ' & 5
) (.
28*)
9
- $ - $ 2; ( .
#$
:
12-
EF* 5 % 9 , "
6> $ #HI
#* => '
?-
MFJ - &
# $%( ' ' > ,JK=5
96 O '- MF2 ) $ N $P
QK QIR# 1S 6 # (
( ' =5
96 '-
95I
2 $ N
,
= #5 12 HI%" ,
& $M6& ' %> 9 #*
2 ,JK
=5 * ! $ S
) (.
,
> &
,. ' %
'8 56- 7 4 012 #
3 +', #,-*# ' :
* E5 E#N #F &"[ Z K : $
-& $
0 `
+) +
. ( ,
5* -
*
" &
0
$2
c
( $ #+
* $! 12 0(6
0> . ,JK
66F* - #F* $! 66F $#(+ ) #F * .( $ %
-
$->g 1
$! 12 0 * fF= .
-& $
. $% #
-& $ EF f . $%
- >
E S ,#+ H E5 ) #F Z"
E S*". ( kk
* E5 * &6+ $
J >
& ["& $ ,#+ Z& $> E5 ?-
* $% $ $% ) . [#5# $ 7'
9(.
* 6
2 f *6 12 1-
6 ' EF $
N ,#+ 9=> f#N % -%9M
>- '
, ,
*
#.HI%
'8 56- 7 4
Specimen
<'8
<'8
<'8
#
<'8
6
Blood Specimen
Urine Specimen
Stool Specimen
Sputum Specimen
? 5 1>3
Body Fluids
@ 1>3
Body Swabs
) (.
: +- +D>E 8' F1 3
: #'
' J'KL <
-
9% 6 m I 6k I k
% + 5 $6" 1
.[2 Q p 9% ( $ &
q ! 12)Q p
: '8M @ -
( ,#+ F J# )&S 9 )2
* $ 1 =& 1K> $ %S F 1
.
* + & $%
rJF
: N3
-
. Blood Culture 6 q $M> $8 & ,#+ F* +
. # ,#+ F* $ (( +
: 8'< 0@ 0'LO -
' $% $ 6F
5! 6F $( EF %t q * 9 ) Q#" Sm
. 9& rJF* 1 $% ' 6F $ 9% ' [ #5# $
: 8'< :
: 6 % + 9 2 5* 1 E &
.E & 1 JK E#m 12 $6" >$& 6 % + 9 2 5* 1 E & 6+ 6*
`- 9 2 6"* 1 $& 9#>6& [#5# $ $ $& 12 6 $% + $
: 1 65 F E &
Volume
Anti-coagulants
Departement
Tube color
6ml
Lithium
Heparin
Biochemistry
Gr e e n
6ml
Dry
Serology
Hormones
Biochemistry
Red
4ml
EDTA
Hematology
Violet
Glucose
Gray
Hematology
Blue
E.S.R
Pink
Biochemistry
Hormones
Serology
Yellow
2ml
3.6ml
1ml
5ml or 9ml
Sodium
fluoride
/ Potassium
Oxalate
1 :3
Sodium citrate
1 :9
Sodium citrate
1 :4
Ge l
.( )
* < 8 # 012 T1 O< S ' :
g6+ ' 6 !6 * 12 [#5&. $
$ %* 1* [#5 $RJF $&t
t ,#+"= .
6%+ & $! 12 [#5# $ 6 ( 9S#> E5 2 6 .
6%+ - $2! 6 `- ,6 ,#+ kF= .
6+ $! 12 $2 ' `- w2 [#5# $ 6 [#5
I k& H*%
) . 7'
9(.
- L
OS@- 7 <: Lithium Heparin T1 FO 4
6"* 1 + ( MFJ 6# $ I ' `-MFJ : 1#
Blood Sugar-Cardic Enzyms-ElectrolytesIron-Calicum-CholestrolTryGlycridrPhosphorus- Amylase
- L
OS@- 7 <# 4 62 : Sodium Citrate
* @ 0 :
DO - @_ : Syringe System
*"6 'F $ ((q&
6"* & 'F=
$ !6 [2*
,
) . Disposable< ( .
<' : +L
* -
6
F > & $5 $. [cx
6+ EF $! 12 - & 6"2 |"K# E 6+ &
' ) $J#" )N%> q
.(|"K#
DO - : Vacutainer System
+ 1
&P& '+ 1 ' & Sm &= ? ( 6>
>
K
&P 12 >6 1 $ 6*"6 EF#
& ' ! E' EF
6+ & 6# E ' - p% .
@8'< 0 :
c'E 0$ 8'< 0@ 8< +<
- -:
E5 - * & 9 #+ & E
0 `
+ #F#S
$2
c
? &6> . ,JK
E5 -9 ' * q 95 1 w2
(
& 0> OJ ,#+6
[#5# $2>
,#+ x [#5#( q 95* E& ' ' +% E % .
$% + $# E5 -6 &" $J( $F >
( '
S $K"& 9# *
6
F ? &q% '
&P $% +6 12& x
t $6 & 6( ,#+ $S & [c
& $ ? %!6 m 12 6& $% P f&[#5# 9 2 $
$% + %6 9 2 q& $J"& 9# E5 2 $ Oq & Q% `-! N
m
*
* %
6
F - HI E# 6 #F . E+ ,#+
- $% ,"
&
g ' f ,#+ 6q). ' + 9F f'
7(.
/
'>' @ 8'< 0 :
J
0'
& 6? F ' S ,#+
9S 'S 6
& 6? & !
9p ,! 6x $ %t '
6& ,#+ 6- Zk%
0
& `6 )#c6+ 9F2
? ,#+ 6+9R q( >6
t 6 & [ '
&P $
xJ 6#5# 6! , x
0 `6x% ,#+ +
m !9(w&
K , ->*
t
$ ' $%6 ' ) ( *q% $%F ,#+ )2
& [cx $F 1%t
t $ S
6 0 $ '
J F
&P 12& E! rJ! $ #F#S & $
6 ,#+ )M [
t $%
$S% 12 0>).q'
7(.
) 2e #Ld 5J*L F# L 5' $J2 h1 *M .( 4<f +
8'< : 'Oi
:
8'< F$
:
$% + #F*
1 & K
#kF# ,#+ HI% E5 w2 $F Fk*" $2
! N " $% + 5& $M ' ! "6 $ + 5 $%*
S $F Fk
5 % & E%5*
F K >( * $ $ # HI , $ &5&. $
$% + ( 6 ,#+ > 6%+ =2(
> QK
&# 1 & 6
+ Q p
%
* $ %
$# # JS E#S w2 $( $J p $ +
( 6 ). 0'M#$(.
Y'Z- _J2 O <'8
#c +$ 7-: 7
8'< - L
6
-:#
* 5 % 6%+ ' % & M 6 N ' # $+ ' $% $# #&$
M , ( $%
* xJ `-
(P $% #F
* ) 1% ( # |F2 ?- F *
q -12 $I
1!k
* ' ,#+ % + q >
.
L 8'< - -: <
& 6 $+ ' $+ !M $%! , $+M ' $% 1* `-
% # $ I *
p q * c
' OJ 12
> f
.
8'< ->@ k
#'J -:
! 5 12+
*
5 $F2 Qp% 5 xJ * 5 $%$ S
' !
q5 ' % J Z+ = q5 1S )#c+
!.
/
<' 8'< F$
:
*% + 5 122 9 $ $ =& $ + $ 9* $F $ Sm> - $%6F
' !6 *# >
M%+ ' $% #( $ "6 `-g& 9!
N
! $ +
&= P $ 9 ,. $
F
6"* ?- &= $ $6( 5 $
J $#N&
F `-
&=(6& ' $ $!
2 $9 , 5 & $2w HI ,#+
t* $% $p2! $ I|FJ
q & ) . 0'M#$(.
#c 8'< F$
:
6 & 5 E5 $%92
0* Z $
S -> $ # $% % E#S
12+ " - [#" F& ,S >
k%+( 1
& 6?
=m + &!w !x
$% ,"
*- ? 12 9pJ! $ #+=(6%+ $
o
(
! $ ! ' ' , 9k ,"
Z * E5 ?- '+ 0
#f
-> E% $% '+ $
S= |FJ# 95 $I
& ) . 0'M#$(.
#c F$'8 :
6 & $% + 5
E592 9!M* Z $
S 5 $ # $%% E#S
c
12+ " -
,S+ " [#
0 F
2P $ #9
& 6? =m + !x
$% ,"
. Z * E5
f 5 E% $% $
S= ?- $I |FJ
(
` . % |FJ
* 1%
6"& Zk% $% +
$ !k
c , #F
*
# 1% ) . 0'M#$(.
' $ !% $% + 5& ,M $ #
' % % 12!6 *F Polyvinyl Alcohol ,#+
xF* f $mk . $ I 2 1J '
N
p%
.q
) 7'
J(
-
-
-
-
l>E'8 :
E5 *% + |FJ
>=
2 ( q ' 9M ,"
*- ? 9pJ! E5
&=( 6%+ $(
! $ o & 6>q( - 9%
cM $2!6 $p2F $%
.'
9 $p2F"% + rJ! 12 $6
:
-@J >: Polyvinyl Alcohol 5'8
PVA q
& q*
`- ' x2 "% + rJ! 12 $6
.
'
? &: '
S
( 2#c @> 8'< l
# .
* ! $t=t ,&F& 9+ 1# %J6 x
t
!. & * ,
q
& E x(( 1=m .' & `-9 $% + rJ! $
S
F
# JS
J . $#N
( 2#c* 8'< l>@ @2#
# .
* ,#+q( $F
K & [ ' $% +x*
t [Ic ' F 1# %J
6 ,#+ $F *
t E x $N& $F
K(( 1*
! 6%+ o 6
. Q5* 1 $+' * rJF
K `-9& ZI6 $
S $t=t.
9
E5 % , E5 *% + rJF
12(q9 fF* Incubators 'xF
R
'
p ) . 0'M#$(.
, -'_ ): Formalin (%
* $% + rJF
&#F 2 ' )q( $%& (% &
$t=t(q ' - #F .
r2F- #F 0 & ,#+ # JS !) . 9*=k 0'M#$(.
8'< : L
6 Sputum Specimen :
% + ( xJ k &) ' J95 1J% 12 9+
Q p+ 6+
>=#& 9N 12k
*% S2P ) .'M ]#e(.
*
#
,#+ 0 ( $ J $%? &g Z
0
>P $ + $F
c# 12
$# $". ?-& $M
*
$% +k
m
&(
'+ QK# 1 6) .'
7(.
F - )#F
F - Q
F - '
F -
F -
K
F - 6#5
F -
5
F - 9
F - 66k
.Throat Swab
.Nose Swab
.Eye Swab
.Ear Swab
.Rectal Swab
. Skin Swab
. Wound Swab
. Vaginal Swab
. Pus Swab
M>'':
Parasitology Department
:
12
$ # JS # JS QK '+ |FJ ' # JS * E kP 12
& 0F * E
. 9+ E! I#
'+ QK `- # JS % + 12 )
( 1S* ! 0
# `- % $ `6
,#+ 9kF2 6& $&MPg ' 6( ,#+ $( `- # JS
$ .12
x
(
> %# F .
#+ # JS
#- 12 F%I $ F ,#+ 9K 12 6* 1%I ! $>
' ! = $
N 6 $&MP% I $ 8 & $ I$&M $!k
&
N % $ #F*
x | "K ' 66
-% ! N f
' kF ,#+
' # ' >= * #F
' $SK$ x
6 ,#+ $
'
S& 6c# k &
5 ,#+ 6> ,## 1#
5
2 '+ QK # JS ,#+ JS* 1 I JS> # >( ) .0'M
#$(
+ '>'p''>M :
12-
(
' > : $
:
e #1- 7 < 4
Urine 5*-: _ 5
- |FJp
# .
- |FJ # 1I .
- |FJ
&. 1
-> '+ QK. F
-> I% .
: 'Oi
e #1- 7 < 4
# Stool 5*-
e ' :
- |FJp
# .
- |FJ
&. 1
( - '+ QK # JS . $
- '+ QK6 ". 1J
'@- : 5
:
<_ 5'@-
:
"6 * #F | "K ' 66
-% ' ! N fkF ,#+
'
# ' >= * #F ! F + 1 '+
' $SK
$ x ,#+ $
'
S& 6c# k &
5 ,#+ 6>. ,## 1#
) 0'M#$(
* 1E
: 7'
M
!
5 1 S- !
SP & ' $+ /
' 6F 6
*-9&
c
5F
6 $ > $M
g& $# ) . $ # 0'M#$(
= k2 12
!
5 kJ * Q#"
- ' & $+ 12 2 $%
* Q k $
p " |# '
5 $
' )
N '+& 6#5 $S
* 0& E
12 k $
g E#
' I9P 1.
k2 12K q2 * *
I6 $82N 1 P " 9% |#
5
)
N '+ $ * ?-
-
J` P 12K " ' |#)
N '+ I
*q $ * 0 $N 1
E 9x2 0
)* q( & 0
E* 6
F ,
12
&0
95 1k
,# % 12 $
$%q= .
)<(.
OJ
''
M :
+ 6 [ #> '+ ' % % -& $*
% -& $,
' :
# -
< 2a) 5*- 0! ?
* ' 0! #5 ? 0! 9? (.
# -
`' 2a< # 4< 5*-) 7-t# 6
& JJ
( $ k * %c (.
12
9p 6 & 0% J &-# $#& 12 6? ,#+ #9 $|"K
' `-% J .
OJ ) ''
c #'u
( 'Z# : 72 4< 5*-
)
%
* ' #5 ( 0! $& ? #& ' 6 ! %
& 0! % 2 ' 5#
? 2
q . ( q #
F & P ,#+ 1 S ' $c# $# 8 `- ! * S
S $ # #F
' $) . 9%+ QK 0'M#$(
c'E #a 8'< 5'@- 5
2
:
E5 -!x $% ,"
&
g ' f 5 6q ' & f * #F
.' + '+ $%
E5 -
6 & $% + #F
! 9M , >= ,#+ $+
' >
(
( ' 9
. 0 *- ? ' 2 *6 rF + 12=(
*
t $
= !
! Zk* ,*6& 6%+ 9 6%+ #F(
! $ "
. E5>' & -
#
+ *
f 6 $% $#N-92 #F 6 #F* ,
'
$ I" $# %& Z ?-
SJ . f F* $% ,#+
6+
'
9w2 &=9 (q ' #5 ( $% & 6 *F
, . E5 ?-> ' & -+ &g & 0
$N #F* $
& 6+ * #F
6
F $2
c* , 6 9( 1%F
"# . $% #
6%+ - rJ! ' w2 $(F
! 6%+ $(=& $% .
- *- ! rJ ' w2 $(=& $% $2! 6 $p2F . $% f
,#+ 1* $p2F F Q#* 9w2 >
E5 ?-"6 `-
&-F
> $p2F# $%
! 9pJ. 9%+ QK
1J !
5 $% |FJ#
* 1%
& . 1 E#S 6
!
( (
! $+ 12 $2J 09% ! 1 =& O
' 0
% !M
S & 12F 5
t & $9% 12 #x & $ #+ k
1' ->*
t ,"
!
5 ) . 0'M#$(
>@N #1- 7 < 4
:
'
#F* 6%+ 92
% E#S* 1 1" $ S : $ I
Volume
Aspects
Solids
Odor
,9J'<8
#0
><5
Sp. Gravity
Sediments
Reaction
Color
)<(.
:>@ kD#
:
6 * #F &6' ( =!p " ! ' `
9p& $M#
$FI
=!p >
. * 5* $ `-=!p '+ $ & $ ! |FJ 9%
'+ $F E!k $ Fk $% *
( K& $%
#*
!x
"#
& f . E% ' & $
* 5=!p !
9p ! M
$% ,"
! *
>g? 6 ,S+ $ # HI $ &5&E . $
&
6
> ,#+ ' +( '
5 E!k 6 & ' J#" $FI? !6
*
&#- $ *6' HIMFJ ) . $
9p 0'M#$(.
5*->@N : 72 4< 2#+D
) -( : Color
tg $% + & 6+ $F& $=+ 9%
0 $ Fk% & $=+ 9%
' N
& & 1N* E . $% $ E5 $% + =! $p* 5
#
%+ E5 `6%+ )m *
'* $p!= $%m w2 . *f
m
JM 6%+ q |F2 ! $%cM ,#+ 9I
JM ) . 0'M#$(
E5 * $% + $ 2M &
JM f , .
JM- # #
# 6
6F
c , &
Jk 1%& 6
x" 1% E
J& $&M 9
Hepatitis 6 JM * `-! $&MP -92 1*
&
JM 6
,#+ Urobilin $ 12 ! 1 #6 $ +J# #> E& $#
# + 12 $ t! $ %' 12%* Ec & 0$
5'$) .(.
- & FM
JM . Amber yellow 1
9 & ? *5
' $# $# ' $ '+ 6F 1 S ? * ' 5
2P
12 I 0& 12
$ k
,#
JM' ,
F -92
( $ ,( 12 $#g
K
q ? * ' 59(P ) . 15<(.
- 0& 12! !
&
* 0& 1N* $5 1 $6
)& (f 12 `-F $F ,# 0! $2w&
JM
t
= ,
F
,# !
& $2w $# . $ 6 # !
I
' 8( & ' ' # %M 12 $##F 6 (
12 ,#+ $8
!
( & ck 6& Blood Pigments $6
/
(
6 . 6 & 0 '#- ' ( >= $66M
&
? 12
95 1 ( = = ) .<(.
*
$2# $ +% & ' ~ -~ Q#"* 1>= 2
! 12 ,! $
& * E+ ~ k
2P
12 I& E+ ~ ,
,#+ w2
$2+ $ +% *
5! + E% 12
' ! ) .<(.
) (3 Mucus :
12
' ! 9R "
6k N` I
% & 12 -
2 6%+ 9P .
( " 12
12 N
m ' 66F
$9 q5 ' 1#J% $ . $ #% 6
6k " '
& [K* ' 1% ZS$ N"
F
) . $ 0'M#$(.
: 'Oi>@ k
7?''J :
|FJ # 1I &"6
$N
. $
*"6
$N
|F2 12 $ S ,#+ + 1
xF '+
*5& 9m
$ 6F 2 * 12# * 6%+ $5 % . $ &5* `-|FJ $
S
& $
9g $#9 95I $ E#S &
2* 9(( ' (q9
$ I $2 9k $&
m $p . Q
@ 5 c#yS' #J2 z'E +aL _< 6>8 N # 5 *
L F F 5<>-E 5@2 7$ 7,
7,@ 'Z# : 72
" & '+ QK#5 g& K 6#5 ! 6 # 15J%& ,
q * 6%+ $5 %. $ &5
" & '+ QK
* ' & K &
% 2 ! 6 # ,
>q
x * 6%+ $5 %. $ &5
" '+ QK & K $
&
6k ! 6 #
* 6%+ 15J%& , $5 %. $ &5
" & '+ QK & & K ' 5# 1I%t ' 6q% 6 ! 6
# ,!
* 6%+ $5 %. $ &5
" & '+ QK #& ' & K 1I%t# 1I%t ' #q6
6 ! Diazotized dichloraniline # ,
* 6%+
Jk $5 %$ &5
" & '+ QK6 & K 6 ! '6 *t # , 6%+
* $5 %. $ &5
" & '+ QK& K f
% &
t ! 6 # ,
* 6%+ $5 %. $ &5
/
" & '+ QK"= & K $66k Pyrrol amino acid ester1
* J& #F F &= 12 $"= $66k6 2 $F # 6%+ 15J%& ,
* $5 %. $ &5
=!2 r "6
$N
|F2 12 $ ! $
HI 1S
0
& 6 QIR 6 $ # ,#+ 1xF6+ &
5 $26
,#+( 6+
& 12 $
5 1) . 1#% 0'M#$(.
) c#y
e
'?''J(
\
O <_ #
- 7 L M\[ : c#yS
-
#Protein _'-
6(* 6 '
* ' 12 E5 *
( '+ 6q $+$! 12
q 6 *
c
& " 12 |k [
K6 ? ,#+( > 12 # QIR$ #
|"K
. 0
-1 : Glucose
' 1 S (#( 6 12 ' *
c
& "6 |k ,#+(` 12
(` 12 6 6 ,#+(` 126 x- |F2 E56 g##> ' 6
' 0
." 12 #9R ,#+ 6+ ,# #5 126 .
*
6 9 * '+ (rpm) $J $+
,#+ )I ,
E E 2I
> ' -
& E Sm $F
K
J fF* |FJ
t 9 #+ ,#+
95 .
JyS +p F 7,>@ k'#J: 7LJ
) -(
: Bacteria 2#'J
(
12 ,#+ $&M95 1 12 1
* $k+*( 6
$
* mPus ) $66M => 92
=
( cells 6+* 6
,#+
c 6 9( # 1% 2
( &
) ' 5* ( Protues 6+ 6 9( . 1%
) -( 0*' : Hyaline Casts
6& 1 2 ' $m6> * 12 m
9p & 6
K 12 ,F66K *Km 12 #> $! 12
9p
$F
. 15 #
) -( 0@
: Granular Casts
F* `- ! ,#+ ' gK%* $p%
m=F
"=
* % ( &
,#+( > ## .
) 2Ke -(#'3 : Yeasts Cells
x & 9 9 2
9p 6
+*
9p `-"= & 12
% 6%+ 0& $&MP
SJ % + 12
,
' 6! $! 12 & 9%& ' >= 6
F *
0! ' $S ? " ,#+ QJ fF* $F
KSc
t
9kFJ >
=> 1J"26
F & $S0F
* => ,"
.
k@,
< {L 4O ''>M :
k2 Urine 0& ,#+ $6# $
$% # JS Schistosom
haematobium Trichomonas vaginalis& 0( $%6 =J 12 * 1?
$ $ #% ' K6 & 0 # JS "( $ $% + 12
S& |FJ : $
-#$ k@,
#K 78'-6 N # JS 12
$ #+ 6& E
S
q
$% + ( 6%+ xJ '+ QK# # JS
9 2+ : $
F1-' L 8 - _2 |2#@- 5*- 8' 'Z2'_ ` |'-
#-
012 J- <' F$'8 . >'DO
5a,} 8'< F1
_'L< #y E
N 4E#+p 'O9 .
#'a@- 5< - ' 0c
2P $ #9
5 6m
* .
-3- 2#c '>6 Membrane Filtration technique '?*u'+ QK# x
N # JS ( 12 * |"# `-
w& $
S ' '
/
* ' 9*
S $M> $ Jk
& 6? *q [#& $* ,#+
$F(( K $6 fF* 0) .
95'M ]#e(.
:L
e _< ~*J@: Pregnancy Test 5
5 - > 12 # JS &
c
$2 f
! !
m?
& '+ QK
) Human Chronic Gonadotropin (HCG-
J & $ K12 k
,k( ' $
9K" O ,& 1J"
t6
2` ' . F# 1
2#c: 5
& $S +x + O * Q 9
t $F
,#+ k 9( ,#+ q
6 6& )I? * ->g. $5 %
$5 %(
9p* $x & E #! $S 9g $5 % ! ,#+
9p* $
ck *
& 5'$) . Agglutination(.
6* -> ,#+ F(
9
K
? (*
& ' )(HCG
& 12 Human Chronic Gonadotropin k
F? &"6
* O* +J =# . Latex agglutination inhibition
6 - '+ QK
9 & 6S '+ S
#+ S
6 '
* $
9K
=+ 6%+ F
6%+ *6 (Placenta) $ K
&
2w -
9 HCG? & 6 ' S 6 . $
9K
=* - ( * Latex OSc &
9 12 HCG( x ( 6%+
)( (HCG & 6 x w2 ( 6F *=
) $5 . ($ &5
)(
m (HCG & 6 6F *= ) $5
) . ($ #<(.
Jy~ : Reagents
x - Anti-Serum k . Anti-HCG
-. Latex Reagent O* Q
#$d LM \
e :
- ZI(( . Slide $
S - &= 6& ,
* $ .
. E ## $ =& ,k+ -
DEK :
& xJ - k S
*
q .
|FJ& Zk% -
>=
2
k ' !x` , .
>g* $! 12
E5 kF2 12=( -) $( 6 ,k )+ (- 6F. ,k
E5 - )
6 - ( & 6
6
F (.
E%5 - - F ' $ + $ ,#+
* ' - ( Z
* E 12 *
%
(9
S
q .
E5 - - F ,#+
5.
t
E5 - *
5 6! 12 $&
5 (
! $ ) - ( ! "J ($
F *>
. +J
6& -9 ' * $&
5 Q ,=() . $<(.
2#c: Procedure 5
* - > Q =(
2 $ ' 'q6 k $ 2(
! $ . $2
c
,#+ - $F
K $ ((q $J p%
S $25 !6 ' .
/
S ,#+ -
S >
' x
9
t Anti-HCG>6 ( [# &"6
+ ' = ? ? 6 t .
,#+ -
S $F
K !6 ' Latex O* Q> [#6 Hq t - !,
) .
p% O5 Hq ,#+ kF<(.
8? : Results
-
e 6F 6%+ : Positive 7L12 *= => Agglutination ' .
-
e
6F 6%+ : Negative 7 *= )*=> (5 ' *
q
= f
m HI%q# w2 $F "6 * $&
5&. $
) 12 (HCG #
* q `-: 9 F& $
S
M2# :
' #
5! - 12&. $
- Q , ). (Anti-HCG
F ,#+
9 2 Q HCG ' & +J ="# ,Sc
F
( x 6F *
E ="#
F 12& $#! ,#+
9p* $' $F
. E
F>-#2 7, HCG@ ' :
' % - . 0
-
I6 .
k82 7, HCG@ ' :
-9(P . $ F
-> F ) . F<(.
012 7, \e2<
:
' -
9p & 12 HCG
1 9%+ S ') 0 F g( ! $5 %
6#> ) (HCG ' 6c . $ "%
6(* 6 - ' $ +
)& 12 (HCG P &k &
N - E k
$ Km65 $%S
!
. 6%+( ,#+ K* $ N
m* $ % %( $5
&
!
( & . 0 12 `-
p q
2
) (HCG*1S
HI $&
5 !) $ &5( ) .<(.
: e
e ? 58 :
>N 012$ :
# E5 &
x" 0 6+ !.
'+ 5
2#c#$ : 5
* 12 $%xF 6 $+ Qk *" ~ Q J
+ I
%
x
t ' " Q J&) $ $F
12 >&
O ! 6
12
Qk%& S F & 9
&
9 2
cM 6 &
, F 12
&
t
,#+ 9
x 12 H*%" ~ Q J E5 H*% # '+ !
% ! 6 12 1 S |"K
# ' # , ! % r!= 6
12 I% & 0! :
x& - 9# .
- = 2 .
- Trichmonas JN? 12F
5'$) . $(.
Me k@,? 58 : 5L
->@ kD# $% + q * : I% 1 SS(6K& $ q( 96+ 9 2J
)# 1 #F& (0* 6& 9S#5-
* => 9 - $ 6
6 9( I# 1%% & 1 S ~ 6%+ '+ $
2 6m
#> $56& q 1t *' $ + $%6k =kF $%
12". ' k
-h
: Viscosity $gq ' 6( $ I% %t # ,& $
5F
6( $ q I% q E#* . $S $S & 1 S( $ I%
! K 12 F . $%
- [#5 : Coagulation T1 I% 1 S
$t=t ,#+! *
12 $S#5
! $# J& ,q [#5
J* 1 6m
,#+' (%
J
*6 12 & $S#5
! $# J& $q #F
J* 1 6m
*#F
& '
J ,! % 12
! $#6+ J& $ q
# $* '
Pepsin . Aminopeptidase
[#5 - I% 6+ $! 12 ( =kF $% 6 $ t (
$S#( * ' (%
J I% >= $ E56 ' & )
J q#($
* *
>g. $S#5
-@6 : 1 !
5 I% # -~ 1 S' =!p
m $
!
5 I% 6%+-
m' ,#+k>P ' S '+$
J O%5 $#N , $ I% ) .<(.
: 'Oi
e #1- 7 < 8'< 4
# : Stool
6%+= % +
,
#K 12g&
9&M
1# JN ,#+ QK
g#6
' > #
' 0 # JS& $&MP 5'$) .(.
|F2
m : $t=t
: |FJ
95 '+ F# # JS .
: 1 |FJ# 1I& '
6 $2 6 6 .
/
92 : |FJ
& $2
1(
&
2 12 $%+ E#SE S
m!6 ) .'
7(.
c'E #a 5
2@': 5
#F* E5 ( % => 19P
2 * '+ 6q
> ' $(' 9
5 *- ? rJ! E5
N 6!g& $% rJF. $%
Z#k* ( % %* 9 1
q % #
F $ q
# JS & 9x * $% + Z#k
c f( 1 q
$+& $
% 9!M x ! . $
E5 ( %6+ , >=
& &6 0 F &
2P $ #9
1 >
.
E5 (
( % +
"
F& $M & 0 # JS P
5
#56 ,#+ O - ,#+
" ,! 1 &| "K
6( `- # JS . J%
E5 ( * $% O5
* fF $S2K96"& $ I J $6#5
> - $2! N 12
t% (q ' $% +
%t FJ q# 1
) . $% # O5* + 9 0'M#$(.
)( - ~*JD#
# :
12 QKp
#
=! $p . $
- ?
- F &6
$! 12 F &6 w2 ?
( %6& $&M
N 6 .
- F &"
$! 12 F &" w2 ? ' & E9 12 9 .66
$p!= -# .
$! 1J2 # w2 ?
( ,( x9 6 Qq '
K+ ,%t $! 12 # & -92 0 6 ,#+6 12%
. $
#
# 1 S '
JM , 12 1% ' c 12JN >
x Z*J ,.
JM
)5'$(.
- '
: Consistency 8
+ ,#+ Solid E#M , '
Soft Liquid I
6 formed K , 9 Diarrhoeic
! Watery 1I =! $p 1S $% ,#+ $9 $S - 6
( . 9 2 6
F E#k ,#+N $#MF 0 F
,#+N $SK% & F %
' # ,#+ I $2N
$#MF $SK% . 0
-
# : Color #
# 1 S # 1%
tg ! Z*J?
&% & 0 -c $ I 1S 6q% 12 ,#+% $ x9$% %
.
DEK -$ c _ uL2 66 $ &6 ' S66
ZS ,#+ $ S
K >= [#& 9#k2
! $% fF* 9kF2
95
!J& 9pJ ' !. 9kF2 ,# ,
$p!= -( " >= ! $% ( 6 Z!
"
6 6 ,#+( !q ( 6 6 6 q ,#+ x
!12 $
) .'M ]#e(.
)( - ~*J'#J: 7LJ
69 QK
&
# 1
: ,#+
- 12 $
' & (q S x9
c ' H*% $ #+
x9
> 12 1
#95 . 1x9
- $ # JS $& 066 & 0 & 0 # JS * 1 ( 12
&
k 5'$) .(.
E# : 'O9>@ k#+1 ': Microscopic 8
% + |F2 ?-& 6k
* fF
95 ,#+ *
" ,#+ 6* $J#S
F
%+' *
|FJ
95 $%
: ,
-
xF
: Wet mount EN
xF
EN
$%
&"6 6+ :9%
@ @ 7>'. Normal saline 7$
u
N' . Iodine
/
2#c -3L 5 @ @ 7>': 7$
> $% + '
( (-) -
&+ $S > 1K> 6+ ' $% )N%
=.
! ,#+ $6 "
' $S#F $F
,#+ (~) 1#F(( . $J p $
> [# $%#F O5 ,! 1#F. Hq
* $ ScSc& $F
K fF* 9kF2
t Cover slide $F
K
95 ,#+
*
X . X
! * 6+ `-K ,#+ $
S6 N $SK% K $2
m 16 N
. $#MF
-3 u
N' :
!
(
xF
& EN $S OJ%& Iodine $
S& $6 &6
#F 1F# 1( J
xF
6"& EN K x26 N
$#MF k $ 9 2 ' (=5 2
m '+ QK#N
$SK% ) . 9* ,'M ]#e(.
9p |FJ
95 [Ic# Microscopic Examination $2 ,
M% $ S
' 66
M%
$ 0& | "K* ,#+ 6+* 1
" # 1( JE k 1
% $ x9 ' 9*F#x+ >
.
E5+ 6%+ $(
|FJ
95 : [Ic#
= >= ,#+ $+
E5 - * $% + |FJ=> [Ic ' $+ Qkc I
6%+ ' % & %
x * $% + |F2
>g [Ic? 6 +
*
c
12. $5 %
E5 $% + 12 F
'+6 " (6
.
95 9kF2
xJ - * $+
6q
S
q '+ $% # / $6
k E5
* 6q
g& $+ ! ' ! '+ / $ ?
* ,
0 & 12 # JS 5kF . M 9 #+
1( 2 E#F + E5 ->
$% #!6 J% ! E#F1( J
& '+ QK " $
x N % E#F 12 6 J'+ QK
!=k # JS . $
1# 2
M%
9p 1 |FJ
95 [Ic# 9F 1 K
: )2
-''>M :
& 9g" ' $J#6
& 0!=k # JN . $
-2# @# : Erythrocytes
K( $% + 12 [Ic ,( Qq> 1# *
12! 6x+ %
$ x9&" $M
$F2
K .
-2#
'a : Neutrophils
! 6 ( 6! ,#+ 9 6+ K 1% 9*6% ? .*K 6`-
! 12
! $ 6 " $ q 6+ ! 12
q% $ 9* 1 ' &
= 5K =
m . $ J*Z
6 x & |FJ
95 &#F ' ' S $2w
#2 ' #
$F ,#+Loefflers methylene blue. [Ic *K ! 6 12 ' P
/
12 Charcot Leyden 6 (#&
9p* 6%+ $ &=
. # JS& $&MP $!
?% K ' [Ic# $ N $N& 9*6 |FJ
95 9% F# $ #x
! * ,#+
9p S> & S [
$8 $
+ $ N ' *
JMk
Jk . $K* 6%+ 6 `- &
* 9w2 ,#+k 6# 1x9
K ' ?-6 " $J#*% K >
x 2#& 9x& 9 >.
x
) 0'M#$(.
@2 +L
2 T?uL ''
c8i >@ k#+1<, (): ?' () ' @'
'
E () *O
)
'
E (
E () 7-
O ~' () '8 .
) 0'M#$(.
OJ ''
M 8'< 7, #+D- 7
# :
*F $% +
& ,#+ 1 N K
) $ # JN
mK* Artifacts (EIfF* 6
95 0& &K* 6 1N - $ # JS ' w2( E
,#+ `-
6# ,% ,! $ S 9% & )
J& ' N # JS
. $*
' $
+ `-
xF *
&# '+ $# # . 1# JS*
$
N *: 1
$F
,#+(( & $+ $S > 1K
cM $ ' $% +
. kF2
S ' #F ,#+ 1( 2 1F# . $% $% + ,#+>
#F . Sm Cover Slide $F
K fF* |F2
95. 1Ix -*#? Y `
6?' Permanent Stained Slide :
' * `-
K
& $% + ' ZI N( $ 12 $RJF Polyvinyl Alcohol
)(PAV
`- | "K* 1*
xF# $
SJk# 1
|F2 6%+ $ (2 .$
#'a@- - ' :
xF#F ' (q : $
(q ! 6 ' Iq( + 6* q( + ' .
S
M 6%+ & $% $S- #F ' * | "KN 12 $ $9& Cyst $#MF
=( ' ( # &# 1%' * 66F% 9# 9*F6+
. $
#- '< -' h
# Fecal Concentration Techniques
*"6 `-! 12 $
S 0 & |F266 !=M + *"6 $
N
& E $SJ ' 12 E#m"
!
,#+ $ 6 $ % $% + ' $69
.
"6 $ #
9( E
S
q Centrifuge
0 & 1%m E
=kF $
S $ $ #+ 1) JS
( Flotation Method+ *"6
?q6+ $#t $
N 1 "S >
)#
#F 12 E
?q& $ #+ 6
S
q w2 ZS#F#
#J ,#+ F 0
=MF
S % ->* 1 & Loop $S* ,#+Sc& ,Sc*
t $F
K
$F
K* fF* |FJ) .
957'
J(.
- DO*~ Antigen Detection System : _'1'OS
|FJ $6! $
N 1
95 `- ,#+ 6* $p ( x
' 5"
J
& 12
2 ! ' &k [*
' 5
5x
* $ %
q H%* 1
6" 1I '+ QK#*
5x ) .7'
J(.
)( - _< ~*J''>M S' :
'+ QK `- # JS 6+ $! 12 ( & 0 ' 66 !
+
' $F OJ%& $% $
S& $' F 6
$ck& $F
K# $cM + ,
( $cM $% 5'$) . f(.
''>M +p F :
: Giardia lomblia -
( 6- 12 JS $ 6
1# '+ 6q N *0& 12 ,
! &( P 6 #2 &
' " Q# & ' * 6
R
0& 12! *(6& 6> #* .
: E.coli 5'>c -
- % ' # JS 12 $ # $K $p #c * E
*
& ' $F
+ 6
& OJ% $
S& $
9p %S 1
' S
12 1 JS&) 6+ k 2 $ $ t , $S -c %
" 2
9p 2 * Q# !6 12
S .
: Lieshmania 5'>c -
6+ K # % ! %S% 12 6 K # L.tropica $6#512 [2
9p
$m6 F
KF JS# $#%
' $F
+ k ' OJ $m6
KF
* 1
JF& 9 (6 . 1+
+ $F
K : 1#
- 6"
t $&MP . 1
6 - & ?F k & $J p $F
$S "
' 12 ?F
$F>
. $J p
- M6 ,! ?F >
6 ->g
t6 6+ ,#+
ZI>
.
/
k -
K ( $ck& ZI*
! $6& |FJ*
t Q5* ,
9p 2 $ q JS
&q K 12 &= !
.
5'>c -
K2 : Plasmodium
- K JS 12 66 & ' F
+ 6 $S% $ $S%
. $
: Benzidine test -
! x #F ' ' *
S Benzidine"# Glacial acetic acid,
$F ' $
,#+ Z
* $* $5 %9R $ &5 # >
x
q ! => $% ' $ $2#F ' 6"& Zk% `- 9
$%N>
S "6 ) .'M ]#e(.
'+ QK6 " 12 1J
! 62 '+ QK 6
*[ & 0
N
+ * 1% $5 % |FJ# $ &5( & K
' 1 S
12 `- $& E5 $F N $F $5 %+ 1%* 192 $ # 6+ ( '+ 6I
1 SR
$% + 12
9kF2
* 1* 6 $ $! ,#+ |FJ
12 0f
S+ $% 0& ,#+ * 6 1 6
t ,#+ $5 ,#+
t $%. |FJ
) <(.
$!
-. Duodenal ulcer
K+ ,%tP
-9 6 . Gastritis
N
- 6 . Gastric cancer
N
- . Colon cancer
-9 .Collitis
N
- . Colorectal cancer $p #c
2 -6 . Obscure anemia 0c
-
. Haemorrhoids
-= & $ 1 '
+ 9 Qq $ 5 *65 P , ?%
' 66 $%* E 1 12 Jq 96 ,#+ 9% :
+
5 x ' $ "
.
6P ') Indomethacin!x 6 9 "6 % (x
%2 * Phenylbutazone! 6% ". $6
$=# Salicylates"=+ 12 $6 &9 &MP . $ t
5
6 . Steroids
6
. Thiazide 6
Colchicine ' K- "6 " 0! 0J ? &6 F =+ 12
% .
K
. Rauwolfia J
1S -# 0& 2*% ! HI $xm $ &5& |FJ $6
"- . 1J E5% %* '+ "
x "
x ?-% '+
*% *% F* 1 ,#+
q
q6 5JF .
E5 - 6& |FJ> - & ' & $+ >= $t=t $
f $5 % 12 $ &5 E( |F2 1J ! |FJ#! 6 ' $##
FJ (S+P $ ,#+ $N $( 6 "6* % & 1J $5 %$ #
!6 6+ ,#+ |FJ# ( 6 ". 1J
E5 -% %* '+ ' ! C ' 2 *% HI 1S $+ /
( -
$&) . $ 0'M#$(.